For the interpretation of this law and its regulations, the following shall have the character of definitions:
1. Traffic accident: a negligent act committed by drivers of vehicles, their passengers, or pedestrians, while moving through the places referred to in Article 1 of this law. A traffic accident must involve at least one vehicle and result in the death or injury of persons and/or damage to property as a consequence of the violation of this law.
2. Sidewalk: a road intended for pedestrian traffic.
3. Breath or blood alcohol test (alcoholimetría): biochemical analysis to determine the presence of alcohol in blood or aspirated air and its quantity.
4. Blood alcohol content (alcoholemia): is the result of the breath or blood alcohol test (alcoholimetría).
5. Advertisement (Anuncio): writing, print, painting, emblem, drawing, or other informative medium, located on private property, whose purpose is commercial advertising or drawing attention to a product, item, trademark, commercial activity, business, service, recreational activity, profession, or home-based occupation, which is offered, sold, or provided in a place different from where such advertisement (anuncio) appears.
6. Informational advertisement (Anuncio informativo): informative medium located in the right-of-way, whose purpose is to inform the road user about services, activities, and tourist or other destinations that are provided in a place different from where such informational advertisement (anuncio informativo) appears.
7. Bus (Autobús): a motor vehicle intended for the mass transport of people with a capacity of more than forty-four seated passengers, regardless of the standing passengers it may carry. Also, those motor vehicles, articulated or not, with a purpose, design, and dimensions similar to that described above shall be considered as such, which, even with a seated passenger capacity less than that indicated, have been specially designed for the comfortable and safe transport of high densities of standing passengers, in such a way that due to their adjustment to the prevailing public transport and energy policies on regular routes, they are classified as such by regulation issued by the Executive Branch.
8. Automobile: a motor vehicle intended for the transport of people, with a maximum capacity of up to eight passengers, according to its design.
9. Freeway (Autopista): a restricted-access road with four or more traffic lanes, whether or not it has a central dividing island.
10. Public notice (Aviso): an element of general interest, without commercial advertising purposes.
11. Public transport stop bay: a space duly authorized as such and complementary to the road structure, used as a transition zone between the roadway and the platform, temporarily intended for the boarding and alighting of passengers by public transport vehicles on regular routes.
12. Bicycle (Bicicleta): a vehicle with two or more wheels propelled by human or assisted traction and operated by pedals. In its electrically assisted version, the maximum speed of the pedal-assistance mechanism, on a flat surface, does not exceed 25 km/h and must likewise be pedaled to move forward.
(As amended by Article 1 of Law No. 10651 of March 10, 2025, "Reform of the Land Public Roads Traffic and Road Safety Law, Cycling Mobility and Safety Law, for the expansion of the bicycle concept") 13. Moped (Bicimoto): a two-wheeled vehicle with a thermal engine with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc or, in the case of vehicles with engines other than internal combustion engines, with a power output of up to 5 kW, whose steering system is operated by a handlebar.
14. Citation form (Boleta de citación): the formula by which a person is notified, physically or electronically, of the infraction attributed to them and is summoned to appear before the competent authority.
15. Minibus (Buseta): a motor vehicle dedicated to the transport of people with a capacity of between twenty-six and forty-four seated passengers.
16. Sticker (Calcomanía): an adhesive label of variable size used for distinctive and/or control purposes for the circulation of vehicles.
17. Roadway (Calzada): the surface of the road on which vehicles move and which is composed of one or several traffic lanes. It does not include the shoulder.
18. Local streets (Calles locales): public roads included within the quadrant of an urban area that are not classified as urban traverses of the national road network.
19. Unclassified roads (Caminos no clasificados): public roads such as bridle paths, footpaths, trails, and tracks that provide access to very few users, who will pay for their maintenance and improvement costs. The categories of local roads (caminos vecinales) and local streets (calles locales) are not included.
20. Local roads (Caminos vecinales): public roads that provide direct access to rural properties and other economic units, connecting hamlets and towns with the national road network, and are characterized by low traffic volumes and a high proportion of short-distance local trips.
21. Basic vehicle characteristics: make, style, model, category, serial or chassis number, vehicle identification number (VIN), model year, body, capacity, net and gross weight, color, engine number, fuel type, cylinder capacity, power, and license plate number.
22. Restricted-access highway (Carretera de acceso restringido): a highway on which, by provision of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, vehicle and pedestrian access or exit is only permitted at certain intersections with other public roads. Roads on which it is determined that, for reasons of capacity or safety, it is convenient to limit vehicle access or exit shall be classified as such.
23. Primary highways: a network of trunk routes to serve road corridors, characterized by relatively high traffic volumes and a high proportion of international, interprovincial, or long-distance trips.
24. Secondary highways: non-primary routes that connect important canton capitals or other population, production, or tourism centers that generate a considerable number of interregional or intercanton trips.
25. Tertiary highways: routes that collect traffic from primary and secondary highways and constitute the main roads for trips made within a region or between important districts.
26. Traffic lane (Carril de circulación): the part of the roadway intended for traffic in a single direction, the width of which shall be established by regulation.
27. Central left-turn lane: the central left-turn lane is marked with a solid outer line and dashed inner lines. It is used in the central strip of urban public roads, with four or more lanes. It is a refuge zone that allows drivers to make left-turn maneuvers, from or onto a secondary road, without interrupting the free flow of traffic.
28. Cylinder capacity: the volumetric capacity of a cylinder or cylinders of an engine expressed in cubic centimeters (cm3) or liters (lts), usually used as C.C. and L, respectively.
29. Vehicular Technical Inspection Centers (Centros de inspección técnica vehicular) (CIVE): a state or private entity intended for the technical-mechanical inspection of motor vehicles and the review of emission controls.
30. Cyclist: a person who rides a bicycle or their passenger.
31. Cycle path (Ciclovía): a road or section of the roadway intended exclusively for the traffic of bicycles, non-motorized tricycles, and pedestrians (the latter only when sidewalks do not exist), the width of which shall be established by regulation.
(As amended by subsection a) of Article 17 of the Cycling Mobility and Safety Law, No. 9660 of February 24, 2019) 32. Driver (Conductor): the person who has the operational control of a vehicle and is directly responsible for it and for the infractions they commit.
33. Novice driver (Conductor novato): any person who obtains their driver's license for the first time and has not exceeded three years since obtaining it. Professional drivers are excluded.
34. Professional driver (Conductor profesional): any person whose main work activity is driving motor vehicles dedicated to the transport of goods or persons and who has been accredited with a type B-3, B-4, C, D, or E license. Also, a professional driver shall be one who has been accredited with a type A-2, A-3, B-1, or B-2 license, and who has requested, at the time of its issuance, the P (professional) endorsement.
35. Environmental pollutants: gases, particles, or noise produced by a motor vehicle.
36. CTP: Public Transport Council.
37. Cosevi: Road Safety Council.
38. Chock (Cuña): a piece of metal, wood, or any other suitable material used to wedge vehicles and thus ensure their immobility.
39. Horizontal curve: a circular curve that joins the straight sections of a highway in the horizontal plane.
40. Vertical curve: a parabolic curve that joins the straight lines representing the profile of the slopes.
41. Sketch (Croquis): a descriptive document of the details of a traffic accident drawn up at the scene of the events by the competent traffic authority.
42. Decibel: a unit of measurement used to determine the intensity of a sound.
43. Right-of-way (Derecho de vía): a right that falls on a strip of land of public domain nature and is intended for the construction of road works for the circulation of vehicles or the transit of persons or other works related to safety, ornamentation, road nomenclature, informational advertisement of services, activities and tourist destinations, as well as for the installation of public transport vehicle stops or bus shelters.
44. Circulation right (Derecho de circulación): the right obtained after paying the items established by law for the circulation of vehicles, during a determined period.
45. Electronic road address (DEV): electronic address provided to Cosevi by every driver or owner of a vehicle, or that which has been assigned to them, at which they will be notified of actions related to the application of this law.
(Through resolution of the Constitutional Chamber No. 8481 of June 11, 2014, the word "obligatorily" was annulled from the previous subsection) 46. Official traffic control device: a signal or public notice (aviso) that must be obeyed by those who travel on public roads, in accordance with legal provisions.
47. Special equipment: self-propelled equipment intended to perform agricultural, civil works, and forest or airport emergency response tasks.
48. Shoulder (Espaldón u hombro): the area adjacent to both sides of the roadway, whose purpose is to give lateral support to the pavement, serve for pedestrian traffic, and provide space for traffic emergencies and the eventual parking of vehicles.
49. Parking, parking lot or parking area (Estacionamiento, parqueo o aparcamiento): a public or private place intended for the temporary parking of vehicles.
50. Parking meter (Estacionómetro o parquímetro): an apparatus by which the fee is registered and charged to permit the temporary parking of a vehicle on the public road intended for that purpose.
51. To park (Estacionar, aparcar o parquear): to situate a vehicle in a determined place and keep it without moving forward or backward.
52. Lambda factor (λ): the ratio existing between the air/fuel mixture with which the engine is running and the theoretical air/fuel mixture with which it should run for combustion to be complete.
53. Great Metropolitan Area (Gran Área Metropolitana) (GAM): the area defined as such by the corresponding executive decree.
54. Tow truck (Grúa): a motor vehicle specially adapted or designed for the transfer and towing of vehicles from one place to another, whether by dragging or lifting.
55. Offender (Infractor): a person who violates the provisions of this law.
56. Immobilization of a vehicle: the act that prevents the free circulation of a vehicle by the removal of the vehicle itself or its license plates.
57. Vehicular technical inspection (Inspección técnica vehicular) (IVE): the test by which the technical-mechanical conditions and emission controls of motor vehicles are verified.
58. Measurement instruments: equipment specially designed to determine or verify the margin of acceptability and safety of the object to be measured.
59. Intersection: a point on a public road where two or more roads converge and where vehicles can turn or maintain the direction of their trajectory.
60. Sign (Letrero): any substrate, material, and/or element on which there are inscriptions or figures displayed for communication purposes and of common or general interest.
61. Driver's license (Licencia de conducir): a permit granted by the State by which a person is authorized to drive a vehicle for a determined period.
62. Line: a public transport service provided on a determined route.
63. Barrier line: a line that divides the roadway in its center, be it a solid white line, a yellow line, or a double yellow line, which indicates that it is prohibited to travel, pass, or make U-turns or maneuvers to the left of that line.
64. Yellow line: horizontal marking painted yellow on the pavement, used to separate traffic streams in opposite directions, on left edge lines separated by medians, and on some channelizing islands. It can be a dashed or solid line. When marked at the edge of the gutter, on local streets, it indicates the prohibition of parking on that section of the road. In case of ambiguity in the marking, what the fixed vertical marking indicates shall prevail, in accordance with the provisions of the Central American Agreement on Uniform Road Signs.
65. White line: horizontal marking painted white on the pavement, used to separate traffic streams in the same direction, on edge lines on two-way highways, on right edge lines on highways separated by a median, and on some channelizing islands. It can be a dashed or solid line, all in accordance with the provisions of the Central American Agreement on Uniform Road Signs.
66. Brake lights: those emitted by the red light-projecting devices when the brake pedal is pressed.
67. Directional lights: those emitted by a red or orange light-projecting device, located on both the front and rear of the vehicle, intermittently, and that indicate the direction to be taken.
68. Fog lights: those intended to increase the illumination of the road in case of fog, heavy rain, dust clouds, or other adverse environmental conditions.
69. High beam: the light emitted forward by a vehicle's main headlights to obtain long-range illumination of the road.
70. Low beam: the light emitted forward by a vehicle's main headlights to illuminate the road at a short distance, without causing glare or discomfort to other drivers or other road users coming in the opposite direction.
71. Microbus (Microbús): a motor vehicle intended for the transport of people, with a capacity for seated passengers ranging between nine and twenty-five people.
72. Motorcycle (Motocicleta): a motor vehicle with two or more wheels, with a thermal engine with a cylinder capacity exceeding 50 cc or with a power output exceeding 5 kW, whose steering system is operated by a handlebar.
73. Fixed fine (Multa fija): an administrative sanction for a violation of this law, expressed as the payment of the sum established in each case.
74. Constructive nature: the adaptation to international standards in the design, production, and commercialization of vehicles by manufacturing companies. In no case may it contravene the technical and safety requirements of this law.
75. Traffic officer (Oficial de tránsito): an official appointed in accordance with the law, invested with authority by the General Directorate of Traffic Police.
76. Opacity: the state in which a material partially or totally prevents the passage of light rays, thereby causing a lack of visibility for the observer.
77. License plate: a public document issued by the National Registry, which externally identifies a vehicle.
78. Windshield (Parabrisas): the transparent frontal glass of a motor vehicle.
79. Official report (Parte oficial): the document by which the competent authority reports on a traffic accident.
80. Passenger: any person other than the driver who occupies a place inside a vehicle.
81. Toll (Peaje): the amount charged to the user for traveling with a vehicle on a determined section of a public road.
82. Natural landscape: an environment not modified or scarcely modified by human beings and characterized by having different ecosystems and being devoid of constructions or buildings of any kind, other than those resulting from the interaction among various geographic agents such as the lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.
83. Urban landscape: an environment resulting from population growth and the formation of large cities, characterized by the configuration determined by its buildings, mainly commercial centers and service buildings, its residential development, vehicles in transit, public notices (avisos), signs, advertisements (anuncios), public lighting, and other distinctive elements.
84. Interurban landscape: an environment that shows human development, both in construction and residential matters and in the growing offer of services and commercial activities, but without presenting all the characteristics of an urban landscape.
85. Rural landscape: a non-urbanized or very sparsely urbanized environment intended for agricultural, agro-industrial, extractive activities, forestry, or other agrarian activities.
86. Pedestrian: any person who moves on foot.
87. Total loss: structural damage or damage to the systems of a motor vehicle that prevents its circulation for reasons of legal or road safety.
88. Temporary learner's permit: a document issued, on a temporary basis, for learning to drive motor vehicles, which is subject to compliance with the provisions.
89. Gross weight: the total weight of the vehicle resulting from adding its empty weight according to factory specifications, plus the weight of the useful load it can transport according to the same specifications.
90. Maximum authorized weight (Peso máximo autorizado) (PMA): the maximum authorized weight for a specific vehicle, according to its design and in accordance with what is established by the respective regulation.
91. "Pick up": a light-duty cargo vehicle with a front engine and which has a metal or other material box or bed in the rear, open, used especially for cargo transport.
92. Weight and dimension plate (Plaqueta de pesos y dimensiones): a plate that identifies light trailers and semi-trailers of less than 750 kilograms. It will have the characteristics and information determined by regulation.
93. Mirror-type tinting (Polarizado tipo espejo): a material or substance that, seen from the outside, causes the effect of reflecting the image and not allowing visibility into the interior of the vehicle.
94. Limousine-type tinting (Polarizado tipo limusina): a material or substance that, seen from the outside, presents absolute opacity and does not allow visibility into the interior of the vehicle.
95. Re-accreditation (Reacreditación): the process by which a driver, whose license has lost validity due to the application of points, is granted a new license.
96. Cantonal road network: the set of local roads (caminos vecinales), local streets (calles locales), and unclassified roads (caminos no clasificados) that do not form part of the national road network, according to MOPT provisions. Their administration and maintenance correspond to the municipalities.
97. National road network: the set of primary, secondary, and tertiary highways whose construction, maintenance, and administration correspond to MOPT.
98. Vehicular technical re-inspection: the test by which the technical-mechanical conditions and emission controls of motor vehicles that did not pass the IVE are verified.
99. Light trailer (Remolque liviano): a vehicle without its own traction, whose PMA does not exceed 750 kg.
100. Heavy trailer or semi-trailer (Remolque o semirremolque pesado): a vehicle without its own traction, whose PMA exceeds 750 kg.
101. Movement (Rodamiento): the circulation or displacement of vehicles on public roads.
102. Business sign (Rótulo): writing, print, painting, emblem, drawing, or other informative medium, located on private property, whose purpose is commercial advertising or drawing attention to a product, item, trademark, commercial activity, business, service, recreational activity, profession, or home-based occupation, which is offered, sold, or carried out on the same site where said element is located.
103. Route: the trajectory covered, between two points called terminals, by public passenger transport vehicles that have been authorized by the Public Transport Council, only in the categories of minibus (buseta) and bus (autobús).
104. Active safety: the set of mechanisms or devices intended to prevent the vehicle from suffering an accident or to reduce the risk of one occurring.
105. Passive safety: the set of accessories, mechanisms, or devices that, in the eventuality of an accident, is intended to protect the physical integrity of the vehicle's occupants or to minimize the possible injuries they could suffer.
106. Traffic light (Semáforo): a device that, through various optical units, assigns, alternatively, the right of way to each movement or group of movements converging at an intersection. It can be operated manually or automatically.
107. Semi-trailer (Semirremolque): a vehicle without its own traction built to be coupled to a truck tractor by means of a fifth wheel as a coupling link, in such a way that a substantial part of its weight and its load rests partially on it. The load may or may not be integrated into the semi-trailer (semirremolque).
108. Horizontal marking: a marking of yellow or white paint that is applied on the running surface to regulate the circulation of vehicles.
109. Vertical marking: a traffic device that is fixed to the ground and placed vertically to inform, regulate, or warn users.
110. Special service: the service provided temporarily within the operation of remunerated motor transport of persons, with buses (autobuses), minibuses (busetas), and microbuses (microbuses), without having a fixed itinerary and which is contracted by trip, by time, or in both ways, is not performed on an established line, and must have prior authorization from the Public Transport Council.
111. Stable taxi special service: a public service for the remunerated transport of persons aimed at a closed group of users and that satisfies a limited, residual, exclusive, and stable demand.
112. Child restraint system: implements or devices that serve the function of protecting the safety of minors, in any type of trip taken and regardless of the distance traveled.
113. Traffic system: the set of highways for public or private use, streets, pedestrian crossing zones, and other areas where vehicles and pedestrians move, in accordance with Article 1 of this law.
114. Tire wear indicator (Testigo de llanta): an elevation within the water channels of a tire by which its wear is visualized.
115. Taxi: a motor vehicle intended for the remunerated transport of persons, whose regime is regulated by Law No. 7969, Regulatory Law of the Public Service of Remunerated Transport of Persons in Vehicles in the Taxi Category, of December 22, 1999, and its reforms.
116. Taximeter: a mechanical, electronic, or mixed instrument, used in taxis to determine the price of the service rendered and to indicate, in a visible and sealed place, the sum that the user must pay according to a pre-established base fare.
117. To transit: the transfer, circulation, or displacement of persons, vehicles, goods, cargo, or livestock on public roads.
118. Limited cargo transport or cargo taxi (Transporte de carga limitada o taxi carga): a public cargo transport service carried out by means of authorized cargo vehicles, to which a fare established according to the law is applicable.
119. Public tow truck or tow truck taxi (Transporte público de grúa o taxi grúa): a public tow truck service carried out by means of tow truck vehicles, to which a fare established according to the law is applicable.
120. Public transport of persons: a public passenger transport service carried out by means of buses (autobuses), minibuses (busetas), microbuses (microbuses), taxis, or other authorized vehicles, to which a fare or price established as determined by the legal system is applicable.
121. UTV: a side-by-side type utility all-terrain vehicle with four or more wheels, known as mules, with a braking, acceleration, and handlebar system.
122. Vehicle: a means of transport used to carry people or goods on the public road.
123. Abandoned vehicle: a vehicle left on the public road for a period of more than twenty-four hours.
124. Articulated vehicle: a vehicle composed of a tractor unit and one or two semi-trailers (semirremolques) that are pulled by the former, joined by a fifth wheel which, in addition to linking them, allows the transmission of load.
125. Motor vehicle: a land transport vehicle with its own propulsion on two or more wheels and that does not run on rails. Special equipment is excepted from this definition.
126. Light-duty cargo vehicle: a motor vehicle designed and used for cargo transport, whose maximum authorized weight is less than eight tons.
127. Heavy-duty cargo vehicle: a motor vehicle designed and used for cargo transport, whose maximum authorized weight is at least eight tons.
128. Slow-moving vehicle: one that, in a given place and time, moves at a speed lower than the normal speed of the rest of the traffic stream. When the traffic stream is on ascending slopes, all vehicles traveling at crawl speed shall be considered slow-moving.
129. Authorized emergency vehicles: vehicles for firefighting, police, ambulances, and others that meet the corresponding regulatory conditions.
130. Crawl speed: the constant speed at which motor vehicles move on an ascending slope, once they have exhausted their acceleration capacity.
131. Rustic vehicle: a motor vehicle specially built for moving in rural areas, on unclassified roads (caminos no clasificados) or those of difficult access, for which it has front and rear traction, and a minimum gross weight of five hundred kilograms.
132. Road (Vía): a street, path, or highway where vehicles travel.
133. Exclusive road: a road intended only for the traffic of vehicles dedicated to a specific activity.
134. Public road: any road on which there is free circulation.
135. To turn: to change the direction of the vehicle in its trajectory.
136. Visor strip (Visera): an upper strip placed on a vehicle's windshield that presents greater darkening than the rest of it.
137. Crossing zone: a zone of a public road marked for pedestrian crossing.
138. Safety zone: a crossing zone regulated by traffic lights that, alternately, allows the passage of pedestrians and vehicles.
139. Loading and unloading zone (Zona de carga y descarga): a space on a public road intended exclusively for the loading and unloading of goods from motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers.
(Thus added by Article 2 of Law No. 9460 of June 20, 2017) (Note from Sinalevi: By means of article 1 of Law No. 10834 of December 15, 2025, the following definitions of this numeral will be added. In accordance with article 2 of the aforementioned law, it will come into effect twelve months after its publication in the official newspaper La Gaceta, that is, on December 20, 2026, so as of that date the definitions will read as follows:
Mobility: action of moving from one place to another.
Active mobility: use of any non-motorized means of transport to move from one place to another, additional to pedestrian mobility, such as scooters, bicycles, wheelchairs, skates, among others.
Road safety: discipline that studies and applies the actions and mechanisms aimed at the proper functioning of circulation on public roads, preventing traffic accidents.") (Note from Sinalevi: By means of article 1 of the Law to Improve the Effectiveness of Legislation on Alcohol and Drug Control in Driving, No. 10860 of February 27, 2026, two new definitions will be added to this numeral. In accordance with Transitory Provision III of the aforementioned law, it will come into effect twelve months after its publication, that is, on March 28, 2027, so as of that date the new definitions will be as follows:
47. Illicit drugs: any illicit psychoactive substance, which, introduced into the body, by any route of administration, acts upon and affects the nervous system, generating alterations in mental processes and in the functions that regulate thoughts, emotions, behaviors, consciousness, mood, reflexes, reaction capacity and times, information processing, perceptual-motor coordination, and attention, excluding those substances used under medical prescription.
( ... )
72. Psychoactive metabolite: any substance or molecule resulting from the metabolization process of psychoactive substances in the human body that retains its psychoactive effects as an intermediate or final product, and which has psychoactivity. For the purposes of this law, metabolites of psychoactive substances used under medical prescription are excluded.
( ... ).")