1. Aquaculture activity (Actividad acuícola): Cultivation and production of aquatic organisms, whether flora or fauna, through the use of methods and techniques for their controlled development; it encompasses their complete or partial biological cycle, in natural or controlled aquatic environments, in both marine and continental waters.
2. Fishing activity: Series of acts related to scientific, commercial, sport fishing, or aquaculture, as well as the processes of use, extraction, transport, commercialization, and industrialization, and the protection of aquatic fishery resources.
3. Aquaculture: Commercial production in captivity of aquatic animals and plants under controlled conditions. Commercial aquaculture implies individual or collective ownership of the cultivated organisms, as well as the processes of transport, industrialization, and commercialization of those organisms.
4. Aquaculturist: Individual or legal entity that habitually engages in the production of flora and fauna organisms in aquatic environments, under controlled conditions.
5. Continental and insular waters: Waters that make up lakes, lagoons, reservoirs, or rivers within the continental or insular national territory.
6. Jurisdictional or patrimonial waters: All waters where the Costa Rican State exercises sovereignty, control, administration, and surveillance, which also exercises jurisdiction in the sea up to 200 nautical miles.
7. Internal marine waters: Marine waters located inside the baseline of the territorial sea and to where marine water can enter, such as docks, mangroves, estuaries, coastal lagoons, gulfs, bays, mouths or deltas permanently or intermittently connected to the sea, provided they are accessible or navigable for seagoing vessels.
8. Shipowner: One who on their own account prepares a vessel for navigation, equipping it and hiring fishers. They may or may not be the owner of the vessel.
9. Sustainable use of fisheries and aquaculture: Protection, use, and rational exploitation of the fishery and aquaculture resource, exercised with scientific criteria, in order to ensure the permanence over time of freshwater and saltwater species.
10. Authorization: Administrative act through which the Costa Rican Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INCOPESCA) enables individuals or legal entities to develop aquaculture and fishing activity under the terms indicated in this Law.
11. Executive Authority: Costa Rican Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INCOPESCA).
12. Fishery biomass: Total matter of living beings in a specific place in the sea or ocean, expressed in weight per unit area or volume.
13. Concession: Legal act through which MINAE grants individuals and legal entities a limited right of sustainable use over the waters for the development of aquaculture activities for the production and use of specific species, under the terms and conditions expressly established in said contract.
14. River mouth: Site or place where a river, estuary, or lagoon converges with the sea or ocean, and whose aquatic influence area extends to a semicircle of one kilometer radius, from the center of said mouth.
15. Exotic species: Species of flora, fauna, or microorganism whose natural area of geographical dispersion does not correspond to the national territory and has been introduced to the country as a product of human activities, voluntary or not, as well as by the activity of the species itself.
16. Environmental impact assessment (Evaluación de impacto ambiental): Scientific-technical procedure that allows identifying and predicting the effects that a specific human action or project will have on the environment. It includes the specific effects on the project site and its areas of influence, its global assessment, the alternatives with the greatest environmental benefit, a program for the control and minimization of negative effects, a monitoring program, a recovery program, as well as the guarantee of environmental compliance.
17. National fishing fleet: Set of national vessels registered in the Public Property Registry and used for the types of fishing established by this Law.
18. Wetlands: Ecosystems dependent on aquatic regimes, permanent or temporary, lentic or lotic, fresh, brackish, or saline, including marine extensions up to the posterior limit of marine phanerogams or coral reefs, or in their absence, up to six meters deep at low tide.
19. Fishing infrastructure: Set of works and installations necessary to develop fishing activity.
20. License: Administrative act through which INCOPESCA grants an individual or legal entity the right to carry out, on a specific vessel, under the terms and conditions established in said act, the extraction and sustainable use of marine, fishery, and hydrobiological resources in marine and continental waters.
21. Territorial sea: Width up to a limit not exceeding twelve nautical miles measured from low-water lines along the coasts, where the Costa Rican State exercises its complete and exclusive sovereignty.
22. Mangrove: Forest community, of flooded lands or wetlands, with plants and trees whose special habitat is the marshy swamp, located particularly at the mouths of rivers into the sea or ocean; regularly flooded by the effect of tides.
23. Salt marsh: Low, floodable land, with sandy mud, located at the edge of the sea and estuaries, with very characteristic and productive plant communities.
24. Fishing master or captain: Person on board the vessel responsible for directing fishing operations and navigation.
25. Permit: Special administrative act, through which individuals or legal entities, public or private, are authorized to carry out fishing and aquaculture activities for promotion, didactic, and research purposes, under the terms indicated in this Law.
26. Artisanal fishing: Fishing activity carried out in an artisanal manner by individuals, using a vessel, in continental waters or the coastal zone, for commercial purposes and with the autonomy to fish established by the Costa Rican Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Incopesca) as the executive authority, based on prior technical-scientific studies. (Thus amended the previous subsection by Article 1 of Law No. 10155 of March 18, 2022) 27. Commercial fishing: Commercial fishing is carried out to obtain economic benefits and is classified as follows:
- a)Small scale: fishing carried out, in an artisanal manner, by individuals without the use of a vessel, in continental waters or the coastal zone, or practiced on board a vessel with the autonomy to fish established by the Costa Rican Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Incopesca) as the executive authority, based on prior technical-scientific studies. (Thus amended the previous subsection by Article 1 of Law No. 10155 of March 18, 2022) b) Medium scale: fishing carried out by individuals or legal entities on board a vessel, with the autonomy to fish established by the Costa Rican Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Incopesca) as the executive authority, based on prior technical-scientific studies. (Thus amended the previous subsection by Article 1 of Law No. 10155 of March 18, 2022) c) Advanced: fishing carried out, by mechanical means, by individuals or legal entities on board a vessel, with the autonomy to fish established by the Costa Rican Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Incopesca) as the executive authority, aimed at capturing pelagic species with longline and other species of commercial importance, based on prior technical-scientific studies.
(Thus amended the previous subsection by Article 1 of Law No. 10155 of March 18, 2022) .d) Semi-industrial: Fishing carried out by individuals or legal entities, on board vessels aimed at the extraction of sardine and tuna with purse seine. (Thus amended this subsection in accordance with the partial annulment ordered by Constitutional Chamber Resolution No. 10540 of August 7, 2013.)
- e)Industrial: Fishing and industrialization carried out by individuals or legal entities, with vessels equipped to carry out on board the tasks of fishing, freezing, packaging, and industrialization of their catches.
28. Scientific fishing: Fishing activity for purposes of scientific research, protection of aquatic species, experimentation, exploration, prospecting, development, use, and sustainable management.
29. Didactic fishing: Fishing activity carried out by officially recognized educational or research institutions, to impart a teaching and training program in fisheries or aquaculture.
30. Sport fishing: Sport fishing is a fishing activity carried out by individuals, nationals or foreigners, with the aim of capturing, with appropriate personal fishing gear, aquatic species in continental, jurisdictional waters, or in the exclusive economic zone, without profit and for the purpose of sport, distraction, pleasure, recreation, tourism, or pastime.
31. Promotion fishing: Fishing whose purpose is the study, scientific research, experimentation, exploration, prospecting, development, capture of live specimens for research, repopulation, or conservation of aquatic fishery resources, and for the experimentation of equipment and methods intended for said activity.
32. Pelagic fishing: Fishing activity carried out using a selective fishing gear that uses a main line, on which branch lines with properly baited hooks are placed, to capture pelagic and demersal species.
33. Fishing: Act consisting of capturing, hunting, and extracting aquatic animals by methods or procedures approved by the competent authority.
34. Fisher: Individual or legal entity dedicated to the activity of fishing.
35. Management plan in a wilderness area: Set of technical and scientific standards that regulate the activities to be developed in the wilderness area and its surroundings.
36. Fishery products: Products or derivatives coming from the capture of marine flora and fauna, or from the harvest of aquaculture.
37. Hydrobiological resource: Resource equivalent to fishery biomass.
38. Marine fishery resources: All living organisms whose environment and total, partial, or temporary life cycle develop within the marine aquatic environment, and that constitute aquatic flora and fauna susceptible to being sustainably extracted.
39. Coastal marine resources: Coastal marine resources are sea waters, beaches, sandbanks and the coastal strip, bays, coastal lagoons, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrasses, that is, marine phanerogam prairies, estuaries, scenic beauties, living beings and their environment, contained in the water of the territorial and patrimonial sea or ocean, the exclusive economic zone and its insular shelf.
40. Fishing sector: The fishing sector is the set of individuals or legal entities dedicated to fishing and aquaculture as a sustainable development, economic, and productive activity.
41. TED: Turtle Excluder Device.
42. Closed season (Veda): Period established by the competent authority during which the extraction of marine resources or a particular species is prohibited, in a specific space, area, zone, and time.
43. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): Special jurisdiction that the Costa Rican State exercises over the seas adjacent to its territory, in an extension that shall not extend beyond two hundred nautical miles counted from the baselines from which the width of the territorial sea is measured. Likewise, as established in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, it corresponds to the area located beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea; it is subject to the specific legal regime, according to which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention. In this zone, international law and the Political Constitution recognize and grant the Costa Rican State special jurisdiction, in order to protect, conserve, and sustainably use all the resources and natural wealth existing in the waters, the soil, and the subsoil.
44. Insular shelf: Base constituted by the Costa Rican islands.
(Note from Sinalevi: By means of Article 18 of the Law for the adequate management of abandoned, lost and/or discarded fishing gear, No. 10764 of November 12, 2025, a subsection 45 will be added to this article. In accordance with the provisions of Article 25 of the indicated regulation, it comes into effect twenty-four months after its publication, that is, on December 10, 2027, so as of that date the text of said subsection will be the following: "45- Marking of fishing gear (Marcaje de artes de pesca): system by which an identification is placed that allows recognizing the registration of the fishing gear, type and owner")