Aquarium (Acuario): a management site that maintains wildlife associated with aquatic ecosystems in captivity, which may or may not be for commercial purposes, under the direction of a technical team of professionals that guarantees adequate living conditions in an attractive and educational manner for the public. Its main objectives are conservation, education, research, reproduction, exhibition, and preservation of organisms in a scientific manner.
Official wildlife conservation areas (Áreas oficiales de conservación de la vida silvestre)(*): protected wild areas under any management category, water resource protection areas, and any other land forming part of the State's forest heritage.
(*)(Name modified by Article 3 of Law No. 9106 of December 20, 2012, previously stated as: "wild flora and fauna") Duly authorized private areas (Áreas privadas debidamente autorizadas): private lands subject to the forest regime, to programs for payment for environmental services (pago de servicios ambientales), to ecological easements (servidumbres ecológicas), or to any other conservation regime agreed upon by their owners.
Captivity (Cautiverio): deprivation of liberty of wild animals from aquatic and terrestrial environments that live under human care.
Hunting (Caza): action, for any purpose, of wounding, catching, capturing, or killing wild animals.
Rescue center (Centro de rescate): a wildlife management site whose objective is to rehabilitate wildlife that has been rescued, confiscated, or voluntarily surrendered, for its recovery and reintroduction to the natural environment when warranted. Those organisms whose condition does not allow their reintroduction to the natural environment shall be deposited in wildlife management sites defined in this law. They are not for profit and are not open to the public.
Collection (Colecta): action of gathering, cutting, capturing, or separating from their environments wild organisms, their products, and parts.
Wildlife trade (Comercio de vida silvestre): any act transferring ownership—offering, buying, selling, negotiating, soliciting, bartering, or any lucrative activity—of organisms, parts, products, and derivatives of wildlife. It also includes the activities of export, re-export, import, or introduction from abroad.
Continent (Continente): each of the large extensions of land separated by oceans.
Body of water (Cuerpo de agua): any spring (naciente), river, stream, permanent brook, aquifer, lake, lagoon, marsh, wetland, natural or artificial reservoir (embalse), estuary, mangrove, peat bog, swamp, fresh, brackish, or salt water.
Reservoir (Embalse): accumulation of water resulting from its retention by humans, generally for its greater use.
Invasive exotic species (Especie exótica invasora): one that, upon being introduced into sites outside its natural geographical distribution range, colonizes ecosystems and its population becomes abundant, thus being a competitor, predator, parasite, or pathogen of native wild species. It becomes an agent of habitat change and has a negative effect on biological diversity. Those exotic species whose populations become abundant and produce damage to human activities or human health are also considered invasive.
Scientific study (Estudio científico): any investigation applying the scientific method (observation, hypothesis formulation, examination between hypotheses, hypothesis revision, communication of results, conclusions, and recommendations).
Equipment (Equipo): all instruments, tools, apparatus, means of transport, vehicles, vessels, implements, weapons, utensils, and devices used for the extraction, collection (colecta), hunting (caza), and fishing of wildlife.
Euthanasia (Eutanasia): act of causing death without physical suffering to a wild organism for technically proven reasons of viability and quality of life.
Exhibition (Exhibición): display of wildlife open to the public, with or without commercial purposes, temporarily or permanently, fixed, mobile, or itinerant.
Wildlife extraction (Extracción de vida silvestre): action of extracting or removing wildlife, its parts, products, or derivatives, in natural or altered environments.
Ex situ (Ex situ): outside its natural environment.
Wild fauna (Fauna silvestre): wild fauna is constituted by vertebrate and invertebrate animals, resident or migratory, that live in natural conditions or that have been extracted from their natural environments or reproduced ex situ for any purpose in the national territory, whether continental or insular, in the territorial sea, in inland waters, the exclusive economic zone, or jurisdictional waters, and that do not require human care for their survival; as well as those exotic vertebrate and invertebrate animals declared as wild by their country of origin; it also includes animals bred and born in captivity from wild specimens. The taxonomic classification of species shall be established in the regulations of this law.
Wild flora (Flora silvestre): wild flora is constituted by the set of vascular and non-vascular plants, algae, and fungi existing in the national territory, continental or insular, in the territorial sea, inland waters, the exclusive economic zone, or jurisdictional waters, that live in natural conditions or that have been extracted from their natural environment or reproduced ex situ for any purpose, which shall be indicated in the regulations of this law; as well as those exotic vascular and non-vascular plants, algae, and fungi declared as wild by their country of origin; it also includes vascular and non-vascular plants, algae, and fungi that have been cultivated in captivity from wild specimens. Excluded from this set are vascular plants corresponding to the concept of "forest tree" and plants, fungi, and algae of agricultural use, according to the definition given by the law or regulation governing this matter.
In situ (In situ): within its natural environment.
Import (Importar): action of introducing into the country any organism or set of organisms of wildlife, their products, parts, or derivatives.
Lakes (Lagos): large permanent mass of water deposited in hollows of the land.
Wildlife management (Manejo de vida silvestre): application of knowledge obtained through research of the environment and its wild populations, for conservation and sustainable use purposes, in situ and ex situ.
Pet-ification (Mascotización): process by which a wild animal is removed from its natural environment to keep it as a pet, in permanent contact with humans, which causes variations in its diet and environment, stimulates the loss of instinctive behaviors inherent to its nature, deteriorates its social behavior, its health, and harms its quality of life.
Aquarium fish (Peces de acuario): those reproduced in ponds or other means in which humans intervene. These fish are destined to live in artificial environments, for scientific or commercial purposes or for exhibition.
Wildlife fishing (Pesca de vida silvestre): act consisting of capturing, hunting, and extracting aquatic wildlife by methods or procedures approved by the competent authority.
Parental stock (Plantel parental): group of individuals of one or several species, obtained to implement a wildlife management site that does not imply access to genetic and biochemical elements and resources of biodiversity.
Continental shelf of Costa Rica (Plataforma continental de Costa Rica): marine zone extending from the coastline permanently covered by the sea to the continental slope.
Product (Producto): anything that comes directly from wildlife.
Regency (Regencia): professional responsibility in wildlife management (manejo de vida silvestre), exercised through a set of techniques applied for the implementation of different management categories for wildlife, which must be exercised by a professional with proven training, experience, and suitability in wildlife management.
Wildlife management site (Sitio de manejo de vida silvestre): place or space that provides different degrees of management and protection to wildlife. It includes the following categories: zoo (zoológico), breeding center (zoocriadero), rescue center (centro de rescate), nursery (vivero), aquarium (acuario), botanical garden, herbarium, natural museums, germplasm bank, exhibitions, and other delimited areas for ex situ management, with or without commercial purposes, with the objective of conservation, education, research, reproduction, reintroduction, restoration, and exhibition; domestic and decorative gardens are excluded.
Taxidermy (Taxidermia): art of dissecting animals to preserve them with the appearance of being alive.
Possession (Tenencia): action of possessing one or several wildlife organisms confined and outside their natural environment.
Transport or conveyance (Transporte o trasiego): action of moving, carrying, conveying, or passing wildlife, its products, parts, and derivatives, from one place to another.
Trafficking (Tráfico): movement, transit, or conveyance (trasiego) of wildlife, its products, parts, and derivatives, to trade or negotiate with them.
Wildlife (Vida silvestre): set of organisms that live in natural conditions, temporarily or permanently, in the national territory, both on the continental and insular territory, in the territorial sea, inland waters, the exclusive economic zone, and jurisdictional waters, and that do not require human care for their survival. Exotic organisms declared as wild by their country of origin, organisms cultivated or bred and born in captivity from wild specimens, their parts, products, and derivatives are considered wildlife and regulated by law.
Nursery (Vivero): physical facilities intended to create ideal conditions for planting, germinating, and maturing plants.
Commercial artisanal nursery (Vivero artesanal comercial): a nursery (vivero) with no more than five hundred wild plants coming from the natural propagation of the parental stock (plantel parental). The primary purpose shall be the commercialization of these with the corresponding permit from Sinac.
Breeding center (Zoocriadero): site that may or may not have commercial purposes, in which wildlife is propagated or reproduced, with knowledge of species management, outside their natural habitat, and where human control is involved in the selection process and choice of the organisms to be reproduced.
Artisanal breeding center with restricted management (Zoocriadero artesanal con manejo restringido): management site that reproduces wildlife whose populations are not reduced or in danger of extinction. The main purposes are the supply of parental stock (plantel parental) for other breeding centers (zoocriaderos), family consumption, environmental education, and ecosystem restoration. Supervision shall be carried out by the technical staff of the respective conservation area.
Zoo (Zoológico): management site that maintains wildlife in captivity, which may or may not be for commercial purposes, under the direction of a body of professionals that guarantees adequate living conditions in an attractive and educational manner for the public. Its main objectives are the conservation, education, research, and exhibition of wild fauna in a scientific manner.
(Thus amended by Article 1 of Law No. 9106 of December 20, 2012)