The proceeding shall be conducted by one of the officials of the Technical Department of the Institute, or by a qualified expert from the Agricultural Extension Agencies of the Ministry of Agriculture, assisted by a lawyer from the Legal Department of the Institute, or by the Civil Judge, or the Civil Mayor (Alcalde Civil), with jurisdiction in the respective place, whom the Institute may commission for this purpose, as well as by the interested parties who appear.
It shall begin with an on-site inspection (inspección ocular), through which the official shall verify if the property is duly bounded, if it shows evidence of long possession, if there are constructions and crops and their areas, if there are forests or uncultivated areas and their approximate areas, if there are waters susceptible to being reserved or if the property is located in an inalienable zone or forms part of a hydrographic basin, as well as if there are plant or animal specimens that, because they are in process of extinction in the country, must be maintained as natural reserves. If the property is livestock-raising, the number of cattle and the brands or irons they bear shall also be recorded.
At the same hearing or in a separate proceeding, when the property is rural and its measurement exceeds thirty hectares, the witnesses shall be questioned to verify since when they have known the property, if it is known to them that it has been subject to possession by the applicant (titulante), or by previous owners, for a continuous period of no less than ten years, if that possession has been public, peaceful and as owner, and what acts it has consisted of.
A record shall be drawn up of all proceedings, which shall be signed by the official, the attendees, and witnesses, unless any of them is unwilling or unable to do so, which shall be recorded.
The officials and employees who intervene in the proceeding may not charge fees and shall only be entitled to the payment of expenses, in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, and their amount shall be indicated in the record.