(Sialevi Note: This standard was extracted from the website of the National Seed Office, therefore, it is transcribed below:)
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) Executive Secretariat for Agricultural Sector Planning (SEPSA) National Seed Office (ONS) University of Costa Rica - Center for Grain and Seed Research (CIGRAS) "National Seed Policy of Costa Rica 2017-2030" June, 2017 2 Table of Contents Presentation ....................................................................................... ........................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................... ........................................................... 3 Methodology ........................................................................................ .......................................................... 6 Context ........................................................................................... ............................................................. 9 Regulatory framework .................................................................................. ................................................... 9 Plant breeding research (Investigación en fitomejoramiento) .................................................................. ......................................... 10 Seed production ............................................................................. ................................................. 11 Seed supply ......................................................................... ............................................. 12 The seed sector ................................................................................. .................................................... 12 International seed trade ................................................................. ......................................... 13 National Seed Policy 2017- 2030................................................................................................ .......... .
Mission ............................................................................................. ........................................................ 15 Vision ............................................................................................. ......................................................... 15 Objective ........................................................................................... ........................................................ 16 Strategic Axes .................................................................................. .................................................... 16 Strategic Axis 1: Varietal Development .................................................................................................... 17 Strategic Axis 2: Seed Production and Quality Assurance ............................................ 19 3 Strategic Axis 3: Agricultural Extension .............................................................. ....................................... 20 Strategic Axis 4: Seed Marketing ............................................................................................... 23 Strategic Axis 5: Development of Seed Enterprises, Seed Import and Strategic Axis 6: Seed Security ............................................................................................... 27 Strategic Axis 7: Capacity Building and Strengthening ......................................................... 29 Strategic Axis 8: Legal Platform ................................................................ ........................................ 18 Management Model .................................................................................. .................................................... 34 Annexes ............................................................................................. ............................................................ 37 1 Presentation In my capacity as the Governing Minister of the Agricultural and Rural Sector, I am pleased to present the "National Seed Policy 2017-2030", which is aligned with the Policies for the Agricultural Sector and the Development of Rural Territories 2015-2018, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and with the main guidelines, priorities, and principles of the National Development Plan 2014-2018 "Alberto Cañas Escalante" of the Solís Rivera Administration.
This policy is the result of arduous consultative work with the public and private sectors, academia, international organizations, and civil society, involved and linked with the Costa Rican seed sector. The need for an instrument whose objective is to promote the development of the Costa Rican seed sector was shared with them, using an approach that integrates the interests of all actors and is aligned with the objectives and strategies of the national agricultural sector.
With the implementation of this policy, it is proposed to promote a seed sector with a dynamic, articulated, and inclusive vision, that ensures the provision and access of high-quality seed for internal consumption and export; as well as to foster a system that regulates and promotes the production and trade of high-quality seeds, with international standards and plant varieties, which contribute to increasing agricultural health, productivity, and competitiveness, through the articulation of an effective regulatory, technical, and operational framework, that sustainably strengthens the capacities of the Costa Rican seed sector.
It is for this reason that the environment will also be respected, contributing to the food and nutritional security of the country, as well as to the promotion of decent work and economic development, strengthening industry, innovation and infrastructure, as well as adaptation to and mitigation of climate change; aspects which consider the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Therefore, this policy has been structured into eight components: varietal development, seed production and quality assurance, agricultural extension, seed marketing, development of seed enterprises, seed import and export, seed security, capacity building and strengthening, and a legal platform. These components seek to make the Costa Rican seed sector efficient and competitive to face the challenges of agriculture by the year 2030.
In accordance with the transparency principles of the current government administration, this policy will be operationalized through the articulation of the public and private sectors, academia, and other sectors linked to the seed activity in the country. Likewise, accounts will be rendered to the competent entities such as the Sector Rectorate, the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy, and the Comptroller General of the Republic, and due monitoring and evaluation of the same will be carried out, through the entities that exist for this purpose within the Agricultural and Rural Sector. Introduction The seed activity worldwide has been evolving in response to the changes occurring in commercial and technological matters, and the roles played by the public and private sectors, especially in their participation in seed research, production, and trade. The development of the seed industry has led to a growing international trade in this input. The applications of biotechnology in the seed field have diversified into areas such as germplasm conservation, accelerated plant multiplication in vitro, characterization, seed cleaning, genetic improvement, among others.
All of this has led to the regulation of this activity through seed laws and other international instruments that apply to issues such as trade, intellectual property, access to biodiversity, and the conservation and use of plant genetic resources, among others.
The national seed sector has a regulatory framework that includes the Seed Law No. 6289 and its regulation, which establishes quality control systems, the registration of commercial varieties, and the rules for seed trade. Also part of the regulatory framework are the Law for the Protection of Plant Varieties No. 8631 on intellectual property rights for plant varieties, and the Phytosanitary Protection Law No. 7664, which establishes phytosanitary controls and quarantine measures, important legislation from the standpoint of seed trade and germplasm movement. For issues related to seeds for organic agriculture and access to elements of biodiversity, the Biodiversity Law and the Law for the Development, Promotion, and Fostering of Organic Agricultural Activity exist. In turn, international agreements on plant genetic resources, biodiversity, and intellectual property complement the national legal framework in the seed field.
This panorama reflects a regulated system for national seed activity, which seeks to follow global trends in trade and legislation.
The challenges for agriculture in terms of climate change, food security, and competitive agricultural activity, demand the enhancement of the genetic factor, through the use of high-quality seed of improved varieties. However, until now, there was no instrument available to guide and define actions regarding seed activity and to promote greater development of this sector. To face these challenges, a clear definition of the model to follow for the development of the national seed sector is necessary, a path that can be outlined in a seed policy.
Costa Rica has a Policy for the Agricultural Sector and the Development of Rural Territories 2015-2018, where in Pillar I, on "Food and Nutritional Security and Sovereignty," the production, availability, and use of quality seeds is defined as a strategic area to improve productivity. In the same manner, research, access to crop varieties that adapt to extreme climatic conditions, and the strengthening of programs for obtaining good quality seed, are considered as strategic actions for the adaptation of agriculture and mitigation to climate change. This reaffirms the importance that has been assigned to the seed sector in national agricultural activity.
This National Seed Policy 2017-2030 (PNS, for its Spanish acronym) was conceived with the aim of indicating the direction that the country should follow in a series of topics related to this activity, in a manner aligned and congruent with the policies of the national agricultural sector.
The process of developing this PNS allowed for situating the current context and the trends of the global and national seed activity. It was an enriching process of interaction with the different actors of this sector at the national and international levels, who contributed technical criteria, experience, and a vision for development in seed matters.
The foregoing has allowed for the construction of a balanced instrument regarding the needs of different production systems that require new strategies for supplying quality seeds and that enables the direction of actions for the development of the national seed sector.
Methodology The process of constructing the National Seed Policy was carried out between July 2015 and May 2017. For its development, the "Voluntary Guide for the Formulation of National Seed Policies," prepared by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture of the FAO (FAO, 2015), was taken as a reference. Likewise, the guidelines of the "Guide for the Elaboration of Public Policies" of the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (MIDEPLAN, 2016) were considered. The entire methodological process was carried out collegially between the National Seed Office (ONS) and the Center for Grain and Seed Research (CIGRAS) of the University of Costa Rica (UCR), with the accompaniment and technical cooperation of the Representation in Costa Rica of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) and the Executive Secretariat for Agricultural Sector Planning Agropecuaria (SEPSA).
Because the construction of the policy is of a participatory and inclusive nature, four spaces for collective construction were organized, which included:
. 1st Consultation workshop for the construction of the National Seed Policy of Costa Rica: Held on July 10, 2015, with the participation of 35 people linked to the seed sector from different fields (public and private entities, producers, academics, among others).
. Institutional dialogue and guidance for the elaboration of the National Seed Policy of Costa Rica: Carried out in Heredia, on October 14, 2015, with a call essentially directed at public entities and universities linked to the agricultural sector, in which 15 representatives of these entities participated.
. Presentation and validation of progress in the construction process of the National Seed Policy of Costa Rica: On August 31 and September 7, 2016, workshops were held for the agricultural productive and private seed sectors, respectively. In this space, the progress in terms of the context and proposed objectives for the PNS were presented in order to obtain criteria and recommendations. A total of 78 people representing these sectors participated, the progress on objectives was delivered to them, and an email address was provided for submitting observations.
In all the collective work spaces, the work areas recommended by the FAO, which must be included in a PNS, were used as a guide.
As an initial step for the elaboration of the PNS, the current situation of the seed sector was studied, with the help of national and international experts. As a second stage, the context was defined with information originating from historical and current data of the ONS on topics of legislation, plant breeding research, production, supply, and International seed trade.
All the information gathered, both from the context and from the work in the workshops, fed the proposal of the axes, objectives, and strategic actions that make up the PNS 2017-2030, as well as the vision for the Costa Rican seed sector.
The current version of the PNS 2017-2030 was reviewed by the Agricultural Sector Technical Committee (COTECSA) in session No. 02 of the year 2017, held on March 2. Likewise, by the National Agricultural Sector Council (CAN) in session No. 04-17 of the year 2017, held on June 15, in which it was approved for formalization.
Context Regulatory framework The legislation referring to the field of seeds began in the country with the enactment of Law No. 5029, which created the National Seed Commission, as a specialized dependency of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), without its own legal personality, economic content, or administrative agility. This Commission functioned as part of the Directorate of Agricultural Research of the MAG.
In the year 1978, it was deemed necessary to repeal Law No. 5029 and enact Law No. 6289, through which the ONS was created, as an entity with its own legal personality attached to the MAG, with functional and operational independence. This legislation assigned the ONS a series of attributions of a public nature, with seed certification, official quality control, the registration of commercial varieties, and the registration of seed imports and exports as its main functions.
Part of the regulatory framework for the ONS's work includes Law No. 8631 on the Protection of Plant Varieties, approved in 2008, and its Regulation (Decreto N° 35677-MAG), in which the ONS is established as the competent authority for the registration of protected varieties. Also included is Law No. 7664 on Phytosanitary Protection, regarding phytosanitary control and plant quarantine; Law No. 8539 on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; and Law No. 8635 on the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants.
Plant breeding research Regarding research in crop genetic improvement in our country, it can generally be indicated that it has been based mainly on the introduction and selection of germplasm. The genetic material for improvement comes from international research centers, regional programs, universities, and collaborative international networks.
Through the conformation and evaluation of national and regional trials, the local selection of new improved varieties has been carried out. Genetic improvement research in basic grains in crops such as beans and maize has been of an official nature, carried out by the National Institute for Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer (INTA), the National University of Costa Rica (UNA), and the UCR; and through a coordinated action by the respective Research and Technology Transfer Programs (PITTAs) for beans and maize, in which other public institutions also participate. In the case of rice cultivation, changes in some state programs in the field of genetic improvement have allowed the incursion of the private sector, which, through strategic alliances with an international collaborative network, has generated new varieties.
In recent years, a paradigm shift has been evident in the research and development of national varieties of horticultural and fruit species. In this way, the first varieties have been released, a product of crosses made in the country, with the participation of the public and private sectors, and academia. Plant breeding research in other crops such as oil palm, coffee, banana, pineapple, sugar cane, flowers, and ornamentals has followed private or mixed participation models.
Seed production Currently, a total of seven companies operate in the country for the production and trade of basic grain seeds (rice, beans, and maize mainly), six of which are private and one is state-owned (National Production Council, CNP). The seed reproduction phase for these crops is carried out on the fields of the same companies or through the participation of independent farmers, in the different seed-producing regions of the country. These companies have infrastructure and equipment for the different processes of receiving, drying, cleaning, selection, and storage of seeds. The seed conditioning plants of private companies were designed predominantly for the processing of rice seed, which is the one produced and marketed in the largest quantity.
The CNP plant is capable of handling different types of seeds such as rice, beans, and maize; and has chambers for storage under regulated conditions of temperature and relative humidity.
It can be concluded that according to current needs, the country has installed capacity for the processing of basic grain seeds; however, for the processing of other seeds, the available capacity and technology are limited.
In Costa Rica, private companies also operate in the fields of seed production for flowers, ornamentals, coffee, oil palm, forest species, and in vitro seedlings of various crops. In recent decades, in vitro seed production has developed widely in both the private and public sectors. Additionally, several foreign-capital companies have established themselves in the country to carry out seed increase activities, generation advancement, and research. Also, national companies carry out this seed production modality, under contract with foreign seed companies.
Seed supply To meet the national demand for seeds, the country is self-sufficient in crops such as rice, beans, potato, coffee, sugar cane, fruit trees, roots, tubers, and oil palm, among others. However, this does not imply that in all these crops, formal seed production and trade programs exist. The certification programs established for some of these crops have contributed to supplying internal demand with recognized quality seed of improved varieties. In the case of horticultural species, forage species, and hybrid maize, seed imports are resorted to. In all cases, the introduction of germplasm for research and development of new varieties has been required.
The seed sector The current Seed Law establishes that the seed sector is constituted by state, mixed, or private entities, whose scope of operation is established in the same legislation. Therefore, the sector is made up of seed-producing companies, importers, exporters, and marketers, seed-growing farmers, users, and state entities. Among the latter is the MAG, in its capacity as rector of the agricultural sector, the ONS, and the State Phytosanitary Service, SFE, as regulatory entities. Also included are mixed entities or corporations (CORBANA, DIECA, CICAFE, CONARROZ), state universities, and research institutes (INTA) involved in the activity, which carry out genetic improvement research in their respective fields and seed production of some of these. The National Production Council has remained for many years as the state industry that participates in the production of national bean and maize seed.
The Seed Law also indicates that any natural or legal person, under public or private law, may engage in the production and marketing of seeds, in compliance with the regulations established in the legislation.
In parallel, an informal sector exists, which self-supplies and exchanges seeds, mainly in the realm of family farming, organic agriculture, and subsistence farming.
It should be noted that this Policy recognizes the right of farmers, and particularly peasants and indigenous peoples, to conserve, use, exchange, and sell the local, traditional, and native (criollas) varieties that they have developed, conserved, and cultivated for generations. In the same manner, the right to the protection of the knowledge and practices associated with these varieties is recognized.
International seed trade The ONS is the institution responsible for maintaining the records of imports and plant biodiversity, the environment, and the prevention of practices that may be misleading.
The country maintains a dynamic commercial exchange in seed matters. In the topic of exports, seeds of flowers, oil palm, and foliage ornamentals stand out for their value. For the year 2016, the United States remained as the country's main trading partner with 71% of the total value of As for imports, the seed of flowers, vegetables, fruit trees, and forage species stand out for their value. Lily (Lilium spp.) is the flower seed that occupies first place for its value and is used for the production of cut flowers for part of which is used in the country and the rest is According to the information presented in the 2016 Annual Report of the ONS, 38% of the total value of imports came from the Netherlands, followed by Peru (10.4%), the United States (10.2%), France (6.5%), and Chile (6.1%).
Upon conducting a historical analysis of the trade balance in the period 2006-2015, according to the statistics published by the ONS in its annual report, it can be concluded that it has been positive. However, it should be noted that in the year 2016, seed exports experienced a significant decline due to the closure of operations in the country of an exporting company of ornamental seeds.
National Seed Policy 2017-2030 The FAO defines a Seed Policy as "a statement of principles that guides government actions and explains the roles of relevant stakeholders in the coordination, structure, functioning, and development of the seed sector." In this sense, the Costa Rican Agri-Food Sector has taken an unprecedented step nationally, with few regional references, towards the ordering and declaration of guidelines for a highly relevant sector such as the seed sector.
Mission Maintain a system that regulates and promotes the production and trade of high-quality seeds, with international standards and plant varieties that contribute to increasing agricultural productivity and competitiveness, through the articulation of an effective regulatory, technical, and operational framework, that sustainably strengthens the capacities of the Costa Rican seed sector.
Vision A seed sector that is dynamic, articulated, and inclusive, that ensures the provision and access of high-quality seed for internal consumption and for export. 16 Objective Promote the development of the Costa Rican seed sector with an approach that articulates the interests and resources of its members, to improve the productive efficiency of the agricultural sector, in response to the challenges posed by food and nutritional security, the preservation of biodiversity, climate change, market globalization, and the guarantee of seed quality.
Strategic Axes The strategic axes contemplated as part of this Policy are:
1. Varietal Development 2. Seed Production and Quality Assurance 3. Agricultural Extension 4. Seed Marketing 5. Development of Seed Enterprises, Seed Import and 6. Seed Security 7. Capacity Building and Strengthening 8. Legal Platform | Strategic axis 1: Varietal development DESCRIPTION | Seeks to provide farmers with improved varieties, adapted to the different agroecological zones of the country, with higher yields and nutritional quality, based on consumer needs, through the use of plant genetic resources, modern plant breeding techniques, and by strengthening public-private partnerships and the active participation of the farmer. | | --- | --- | | OBJECTIVE | Strengthen and promote the coordinated development of public and private plant breeding systems for priority crops in the country, through the use and maintenance of germplasm banks with local and foreign plant genetic resources, the use of modern and conventional plant breeding techniques, complying with national regulations and current international treaties on intellectual property and farmers' rights. | | GUIDELINE | Crops and their priority for the country will be defined in a participatory and consensual manner with the agricultural sector.
State institutions and the private sector will be coordinated to promote plant breeding at the national level based on the established priorities. | | EXPECTED RESULT | Crop varieties improved and adapted to local conditions. | | INDICATOR | Number of commercial varieties registered by physical and legal entities. Percentage of planted area covered with seed of registered varieties. | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | Crop prioritization | 1.1. Operate a mechanism for crop prioritization based on their roles in the national context (food and nutrition security (SAN), climate change, business opportunities, among others) that guides the implementation of the policy. | | Plant genetic resources | 1.2. Promote the financing of conservation and utilization actions for plant genetic resources in national plant breeding processes. | | Plant breeding | 1.3. Coordinate research and plant breeding activities through alliances between the public and private sectors. 1.4.
Promote the use of modern technological tools that accelerate plant breeding processes. 1.5. Continuously improve national registration systems to expedite the availability of new varieties. 1.6. Promote the undertaking of national plant breeding programs, including participatory plant breeding, enhancing technological capacities. | | Strategic axis 2: Seed production and quality assurance | | | DESCRIPTION | Seeks to improve formal and informal seed production systems and coordination between the public and private sectors involved in this activity. Roles and responsibilities will be defined based on installed capacities to produce quality seeds. Quality assurance will be the central axis in seed production, and the mechanism for this must be adjusted to the needs and preferences of the seed user. | | OBJECTIVE | Strengthen the assurance of seed production in accordance with quality norms and standards, through coordinated actions in a network of actors linked to the seed sector. | | GUIDELINE | Specify and monitor the roles of the public and private sector in the production of high-quality seeds. | | EXPECTED RESULT | Availability of and access to quality seeds, according to the fulfillment of norms and standards determined in each case. | | INDICATOR | Volumes of seed, both locally produced and imported, that meet quality standards in the different official quality control systems. | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | Governance | 2.1.
Ensure the application of the various official quality control mechanisms in the production and trade of seeds in the country. 2.2. Promote a culture of quality in production and trade through awareness-raising and training of the national seed sector. 2.3. Foster networking among the actors of the seed sector regarding quality monitoring in production. 2.4. Evaluate the seed component in different national programs and define supply strategies for quality seeds for those cases that require it, according to the characteristics of the different production systems. | | Infrastructure | 2.5. Diagnose and plan the improvement of the physical and processing capacities of the public entities responsible for production or quality assurance, prioritizing access to high-technology equipment. | Strategic axis 3: Agricultural extension | DESCRIPTION | The sensitization of farmers regarding the use of quality varieties and seeds, appropriate for the characteristics and needs of their production systems and agroecological conditions, with the purpose of improving their production and adapting to market conditions and climate change. | | | --- | --- | --- | | OBJECTIVE | Strengthen the connection between extension agents, producers, and researchers under the pluralistic extension approach, which informs and educates about the relevance of using quality seed and the regulations linked to the sector. | | | GUIDELINE | State extension systems and private technical assistance will incorporate the concepts of seed quality and improved varieties into their strategies and work activities with agricultural producers. | | | EXPECTED RESULT | Establish a dynamic and constructive network among researchers, extension agents, technicians, and producers around the production and use of quality seed. | | | INDICATOR | Percentage of producers who apply knowledge and skills in the use of quality seed to improve their production processes. | | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | | Capacity management | 3.1.
Introduce the concept of quality seeds into (state) extension strategies as well as into training mechanisms for the private sector. 3.2. Raise awareness, educate, and disseminate information to producers, seed traders, and farmers about the production and use of quality seeds through extension systems. | | | Governance | 3.3. Follow up on compliance with regulations associated with seed quality from extension systems, as part of the network of sector members. 3.4. Increase the use of information and communication technologies in extension processes related to seed quality. | | | Strategic axis 4: Seed marketing DESCRIPTION | Satisfy the specific needs of farmers or users regarding improved varieties and quality factors, making available to them superior quality seeds, in the quantity, place, and time required. | | | OBJECTIVE | Observe and guarantee relationships in the seed market, promoting transparent dealings among its actors, through the generation of timely information for the sector and compliance with related legal instruments. | | | GUIDELINE | The State and its institutions, in a coordinated manner, will execute oversight, extension, and information actions regarding seed supply, generating synergies with the private sector, in order to promote the trade and use of good quality seeds, adjusted to technical and legal regulations and in response to the changing needs and demand of producers. | | | EXPECTED RESULT | Supply of domestic demand for the different production systems and farmers satisfied with the supply of seed of superior varieties and good quality. | | | INDICATOR | Quantity and value of seed sold annually and seed utilization rates in different crops, under different modalities of official quality control. | | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | | Information and Surveillance Systems | 4.1.
Increase the supply of public statistical information on seeds from the network of sector members. 4.2. Strengthen the function of the national authority to maintain updated registries of seed production, export, and import. 4.3. Ensure compliance with national legislation on commercialization and the market, applied to the seed sector. | | | Public policy | 4.4. Make the use of seeds under the official quality control scheme mandatory for any seed production and supply initiative or project supported by state entities. | | Strategic axis 5: Development of seed enterprises, seed import and | DESCRIPTION | Create a favorable environment for the establishment and development of seed enterprises of various scales and natures. In importation, the aim is to expand producers' access to the best genetic materials available outside the country, ensuring their prior validation and compliance with quality standards.
Likewise, it contemplates the stimulation of seed production for export in accordance with international requirements, for those crops in which there are comparative advantages. | | --- | --- | | OBJECTIVE | Favor actions and initiatives in the seed trade that foster a dynamic, articulated, and diversified seed activity under the perspective of developing the seed industry to satisfy national supply and promote export. | | GUIDELINE | State entities involved in the activity will generate an appropriate environment regarding providing timely services and relevant information that facilitates, supports, promotes, and incentivizes public or private investments in the establishment of a seed industry for the national and international market. | | EXPECTED RESULT | A good level of development of the national seed sector, with the capacity to provide the producer adequate access to good quality seeds from new or strengthened seed enterprises, with a better positioning of the country regarding the international seed trade. | | INDICATOR | Number of economic agents participating in the different seed activities, such as production, trade, and trade balance. | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | Support for seed enterprise ventures | 5.1.
Incentivize and support national initiatives within the country's economic development strategies to promote companies or programs for the production of quality seeds, suitable for different production systems. 5.2. Identify opportunities for development, growth, and ventures in the sector, based on international trade agreements. | | Governance | 5.3. Participatory design of a roadmap for international trade from the seed sector. 5.4. Foster friendly environments for seed enterprises that facilitate compliance with national regulations and seek their growth. | | Strategic axis 6: Seed security | | | DESCRIPTION | Seed security is based on having quality seeds available for planting at the right time and at accessible prices for producers, both in regular and planned periods as well as in crisis situations. | | OBJECTIVE | Establish a reference framework for seed security in prioritized crops, which defines guidelines and indicators as an early warning system to guarantee the national supply of seed. | | GUIDELINE | Timely access to quality seeds will be fostered by having an early warning system to guarantee the national supply of seed for prioritized crops. | | EXPECTED RESULT | The description of the status of prioritized crops, both regarding planting areas and seed requirements, will allow for projections and the generation of indicators to guarantee the supply of seed in the country. | | INDICATOR | Early warning system validated and implemented and number of reports or seed inventories for prioritized crops. | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | Governance | 6.1.
Promote and prioritize the establishment of the reference framework focused on previously established priority crops and ensuring access to quality seeds in situations that are not necessarily critical or extreme. 6.2. Promote the development of guidelines for interventions in this area, with indicators, and define a responsible entity. 6.3. Promote that the responsible entity establish an early warning system. 6.4. Foresee and support State and seed sector interventions in emergency or particular situations defined by the public interest, including seed production. | | Seed availability | 6.5. Promote and strengthen the public sector's focus on initial multiplications of genetic and foundation seed. 6.6. Promote the participation of public entities in seed production and trade, complying with regulations and in priority crops, in particular cases of national need. | | Plant genetic resources | 6.7.
Promote the financing of conservation actions for plant genetic resources, as well as their utilization in national plant breeding processes. | Strategic axis 7: Capacity generation and strengthening | DESCRIPTION | Training and updating in topics related to plant breeding, seed enterprise management, seed production, processing, supply, and quality control, and the application of national and international standards and regulations, must be permanent; therefore, it is necessary to highlight its relevance in the higher education system and in entities linked to the agricultural sector in general, to promote the offering of courses, workshops, seminars, internships, etc., that promote and facilitate access to updated and relevant information to develop and drive the seed sector. | | | --- | --- | --- | | OBJECTIVE | Strengthen the capacity of actors linked to the seed sector, by increasing synergy with universities, technical schools, and international organizations. | | | GUIDELINE | The academic offering, both technical and professional, will be increased to energize and improve the capacity of the seed sector to respond to current demands and project future needs.
Additionally, linkage with international entities and the promotion of exchanges will encourage the updating of human resources linked to the sector. | | | EXPECTED RESULT | A more trained and involved human resource that implements acquired knowledge, improves established processes, and proposes new strategies, which will make for a more efficient seed sector and a generator of new job opportunities. | | | INDICATOR | Number of people trained in different modalities and linked to topics related to the seed sector. | | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | | Human talent situation | 7.1. Carry out a diagnosis of human talent in the seed sector, from which a monitoring unit for the capacities and the number of people involved in the sector will be established. | | | Technical and professional offering | 7.2. Strengthen, promote, prioritize, and seek financing to offer regular training in the seed area from universities and academic exchanges to and from other countries. 7.3.
Promote and manage the inclusion and increase of emphasis on seed technology topics, as well as plant breeding, in the formal higher education plans of the agricultural area. 7.4. Promote a joint work agenda among universities, technical schools, and professional associations, to strengthen, prioritize, and finance training in the area of seed science and technology. 7.5. Resume and relaunch the actions developed regarding the training of agricultural regents (regentes agropecuarios) linked to the seed sector. 7.6. Manage the increase in the offering of specialized courses in the area of seed production and quality, aimed at technicians and personnel from seed-producing entities. 7.7. Strengthen, promote, and prioritize the connectivity of the national seed sector with international entities related to the subject. | | | Strategic axis 8: Legal platform | | | DESCRIPTION | A set of legal instruments that regulate seed production and trade activities, which support and complement each other and are consistent with the objectives and guidelines of the National Seed Policy.
It ensures that farmers have access to high-quality seeds, of varieties suitable for their needs, and that a healthy commercial activity of this input is maintained. | | | OBJECTIVE | Have an updated legal framework and specific regulations for seed production and commercialization in accordance with the objectives and needs of the national agricultural sector. | | | GUIDELINE | The legal framework must be kept updated, in accordance with current technological and commercial conditions, as well as the needs of the productive and seed sector. It must foster healthy seed trade and an adequate supply of quality seeds, accessible for the different production systems. | | | EXPECTED RESULT | Legal framework implemented; aligned with the Policies of the Agricultural Sector and balanced in its objectives of farmer protection and development of the seed sector. | | | INDICATOR | Legal framework updated, approved, and in execution, which contemplates the seed issue and the phytosanitary, plant genetic resources, and intellectual property spheres. | | | Thematic Areas | Strategic Actions | | | Governance | 8.1.
Strengthen surveillance and compliance with regulations in the seed sector, including: existing standards for seed quality control, certification, rules for seed production and commercialization, standards related to intellectual property, phytosanitary aspects, farmers' rights, and biosafety. 8.2. Periodically review the regulations of the seed sector and propose their improvement and adjustment as necessary. 8.3. Promote and facilitate the implementation of international treaties regarding plant genetic resources and seeds. | | | Resources | 8.4. Define the contribution of financial, human, physical, and infrastructure resources necessary for compliance with the legal frameworks of the seed sector. | | Management Model: National Seed Policy 2017-2030 In the first instance, the Executive Secretariat for Agricultural Sectoral Planning (SEPSA) is the depositary of the National Seed Policy 2017-2030, so that it is considered and serves as a reference point for strategic agricultural sectoral actions. This is particularly important, given that the proposed validity period (13 years) transcends some of the traditional planning cycles.
The ONS has been designated as the public body responsible for the application of the National Seed Policy 2017-2030, given its legal attributions and institutional trajectory in the subject matter. In addition, three reviews will be conducted during the period set for the PNS, in the years 2021, 2025, and 2030, to evaluate the evolution and execution of the proposed actions.
It is important to note the function of the responsible body, which endorses a responsibility for follow-up, but of joint implementation with the served sector, the seed sector, in addition to the agricultural sector itself. Likewise, a joint action with SEPSA, in terms of sectoral coordination for its implementation.
The implementation of this policy is subscribed to the articulation with the public, private, academic, and productive actors involved. The actions to be developed must have both coherence and contributions to higher governance instruments, such as the National Development Plan, Sectoral Policies in the areas of Agriculture and Environment, as well as with policies for common sectors or themes (for example, State Policy for Costa Rican Territorial Rural Development, PEDRT 2015-2030). 35 Another important level of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of this policy is constituted by the coordinations with entities from the public sphere of the agricultural sector. It is established, through the Agricultural Sectoral Technical Committee (COTECSA), an active channel for the knowledge, consideration, and inclusion of concrete actions and the implementation of plans derived from this policy, preferably reflected in the Annual Operative Plans and medium and long-term plans that these possess.
The following are recognized as superior governing bodies for the implementation of this policy: the rector, the Minister of Agriculture and Livestock, as well as the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (MIDEPLAN). Through these two bodies, the necessary coordination and alignment will be carried out with the Ministry of Finance, the Presidency of the Republic, and the Comptroller General of the Republic, when pertinent.
Accountability to all these bodies, the agri-food sector, and Costa Rican civil society will be a privileged mechanism in the development of this policy. A link and participation of all actions with the Executive Secretariat for Agricultural Sectoral Planning, SEPSA, is established, due to its responsibilities for sectoral coordination and organization.
As a final superior purpose, the governance of the National Seed Policy 2017-2030 is directed towards the search for direct or indirect results aimed at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, issued by the General Assembly of the United Nations, ONU, particularly for goals: 2. Zero Hunger, 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth, 9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, and 13. Climate Action.
Anexo 2. List of participants in events, meetings, and consultation spaces during the process of elaborating the National Seed Policy 2017-2030, from July 2015 to March 2017.
| Anexo 3. Acronyms and abbreviations. CAN | Consejo Nacional Sectorial Agropecuario |
|---|---|
| CGR | Contraloría General de la República |
| CICAFE | Centro de Investigaciones en Café del Instituto del Café de Costa Rica |
| CIGRAS | Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas-Universidad de Costa Rica |
| CNP | Consejo Nacional de Producción |
| CONARROZ | Corporación Arrocera Nacional |
| CORBANA | Corporación Bananera Nacional |
| COTECSA | Comité Técnico Sectorial Agropecuario |
| DIECA | Dirección de Investigación en Caña de Azúcar de la Liga Industrial de la Caña de Azúcar |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| IICA | Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura |
| INTA | Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
| MAG | Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería |
| MH | Ministerio de Hacienda |
| MIDEPLAN | Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica |
| ODS 2030 | Sustainable Development Goals 2030. United Nations |
| ONS | Oficina Nacional de Semillas |
| ONU | Organización de las Naciones Unidas |
| PITTAs | Programas de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología |
| PNS | Política Nacional de Semillas de Costa Rica 2017-2030 |
| SAN | Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional |
| SEPSA | Secretaría Ejecutiva de Planificación Sectorial Agropecuaria |
| SFE | Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado |
| UCR | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| UNA | Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Draft guide for National Seed Policy formulation. May 2014.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. La guía voluntaria para la formulación de políticas nacionales de semillas. 2015.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Tratado internacional sobre los recursos fitogenéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura. 2009.
Memoria Oficina Nacional de Semillas 2015.
Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica. 2016. Guía para la elaboración de Políticas Públicas. San José, CR. MIDEPLAN. 59 p.
Naciones Unidas. Objetivos Desarrollo Sostenible 2030.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico. Sistemas de Semillas de la OCDE. Síntesis de las Normas Internacionales que regulan el comercio de semillas. Setiembre 2012.
Secretaría Ejecutiva de Planificación Sectorial Agropecuaria. Políticas para el Sector Agropecuario y el Desarrollo de los Territorios Rurales 2015-2018. Enero 2015.