For the purposes of this Decree, the following terms are defined:
1. Jurisdictional waters: Territorial waters within a distance of twelve miles from the low-water line along the coasts where the State exercises complete and exclusive sovereignty, in accordance with the principles of International Law. Likewise, the seas adjacent to its territory within an extension of two hundred miles from the same line where it also exercises special jurisdiction, in order to protect, conserve, and exclusively exploit all natural resources and wealth existing in the waters, soil, and subsoil of those zones, in accordance with those principles.
2. Marine Management Area: Coastal and/or oceanic marine areas that are the object of activities to guarantee the protection and maintenance of marine biodiversity in the long term, and that generate a sustainable flow of natural products and environmental services (servicios ambientales) to communities. Its main objectives, in that hierarchical order, are the following: guarantee the sustainable use of marine-coastal and oceanic resources; conserve biodiversity at the level of ecosystems, species, and genes; and maintain environmental services, cultural attributes, and traditions.
3. Marine Protected Area: Any intertidal, subtidal, and/or oceanic space, with its associated natural resources, and its oceanographic, geological, historical, and cultural characteristics, which have been constituted by law or by executive decree.
4. Conservation (Conservación): Management of the use of the biosphere by human beings, so that the greatest and most sustainable benefit is produced for current generations, but ensuring its potential to satisfy the needs and aspirations of future generations. The conservation includes actions destined for the preservation, maintenance, sustained use, restoration, and improvement of the natural environment.
5. Ecotourism (Ecoturismo): Tourism as a productive activity of a responsible social nature that actively promotes and contributes to the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage, which favors the socioeconomic improvement of local and indigenous communities in its planning, development, and operation, and contributes to their well-being when activities are maintained at a design and scale appropriate to the environment. It interprets the natural and cultural heritage of the destination for visitors and lends itself better to independent travelers, as well as organized circuits for groups of reduced size.
6. Ecosystem approach (Enfoque ecosistémico): A strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources, which promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable manner, based on the application of appropriate scientific methodologies and which recognizes that human beings, with their cultural diversity, constitute an integral component of many ecosystems.
7. Environmental Monitoring (Monitoreo Ambiental): A system of systematic environmental observations on changes in the natural environment and the anthroposphere that serves as a fundamental source of information on the current state of the environment and its trends.
8. Artisanal fishing (Pesca artesanal): According to article 2 of Law No. 8436, Fishing and Aquaculture Law, it is the fishing activity carried out in an artisanal manner by natural persons, with the use of a vessel, in continental waters or in the coastal zone and with an autonomy for fishing, up to a maximum of five nautical miles from the coastline, carried out for commercial purposes.
9. Small-scale fishing (Pesca de pequeña escala): Fishing carried out in an artisanal manner by natural persons, without the use of a vessel, in continental waters or in the coastal zone, or practiced aboard a vessel with an autonomy for fishing up to a maximum of three nautical miles of the Costa Rican territorial sea.
10. Medium-scale fishing (Pesca de mediana escala): Fishing carried out by natural or legal persons, aboard a vessel with autonomy for fishing up to a maximum of forty nautical miles.
11. Advanced-scale fishing (Pesca de escala avanzada): Fishing carried out, by mechanical means, by natural or legal persons, aboard a vessel with autonomy for fishing exceeding forty nautical miles, oriented to the capture of pelagic species with longline, and other species of commercial importance.
12. Semi-industrial fishing (Pesca semi-industrial): Fishing carried out by natural or legal persons, aboard vessels oriented to the extraction of shrimp with trawl net (red de arrastre), sardine, and tuna with purse seine.
13. Industrial fishing (Pesca industrial): Fishing and industrialization carried out by natural or legal persons, with vessels equipped to carry out onboard fishing, freezing, packaging, and industrialization of their catches.
14. Management Plan (Plan de Manejo): A set of norms based on technical and scientific criteria that regulate the actions to be executed in marine protected areas, in order to manage and conserve the marine, coastal, and oceanic resources present in said areas.
15. Trawl net: A towed net comprising a cone-shaped body, closed by a codend or bag, which widens at the mouth by wings. It can be towed by one or two vessels and, depending on the type, is used on the bottom or at medium depth.
16. Gillnet (trasmallo) (Red de enmalle (trasmallo)): A net composed of rectangular elements called pieces or capture units that are cast into the sea with the purpose of making catches by the gillnet method.
17. Marine Reserves: Coastal and/or oceanic marine areas that as a priority guarantee the maintenance, integrity, and viability of their natural ecosystems, benefiting human communities, through a sustainable use of their resources, characterized by low impact according to technical criteria of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) in accordance with article 72 of the Regulation to the Biodiversity Law by Executive Decree No. 34433-MINAE, of March 11, 2008, published in La Gaceta No. 68 of April 8, 2008.
18. Environmental Services: Benefits derived from the presence of the ecosystems and their natural and cultural resources in a determined area, which may include scenic beauty, carbon sequestration, research, energy, genetic diversity (gene bank), and oxygen production bank, among others.
19. Traditional Use (Uso Tradicional): Use of natural and cultural resources linked to local knowledge, custom, and tradition and which is characterized by being transferred through generations.
20. Sustainable Use (Uso Sostenible): Use of a renewable natural resource that involves the introduction and application of methods and processes for its utilization, at a rate such that it does not exceed its renewal capacity, in order to prevent its long-term decline and maintain its potential to supply the future needs and aspirations of human beings.