AASHTO: American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
Sidewalk: Part of the public road, normally located at its edges, reserved for pedestrian traffic.
ACI: American Concrete Institute (American Concrete Institute).
SHORING: Set of boards and frameworks of wood or other material intended to prevent the collapse of the walls of excavations.
AISC: American Institute of Steel Construction (American Institute of Steel Construction).
Masonry: Art of building with stones, bricks, blocks, etc.
Alignment: Line fixed by the Municipality or by the Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, as the limit or maximum proximity of the location of the construction with respect to the public road.
Alteration: Any removal, addition, or modification that affects a building or work.
Building height: Vertical distance above the building line, between the official floor level and the average roof level of the last floor.
Front setback: Distance between the property lines and the building lines, the former of cadastral origin and the latter of official definition (MOPT or Municipality); it implies an easement (servidumbre) or restriction to build, without the portion of land thereby losing its condition of private property.
Bond: Arrangement of the joints of stone, bricks, blocks, or similar.
Apartment: Set of several rooms that, for a specific purpose, occupy all or part of a floor or building, or part of several floors (solutions in duplex or triplex).
Reinforcement: In reinforced concrete, the set of steel rods and stirrups tied with wire or welded, that make up the concrete reinforcement. In metal or wood constructions, any reticulated element that forms part of the structure.
Reviewing Authority: Any governmental or municipal entity that intervenes in the review and approval of the design, or in the inspection during the construction of the works. It shall also be understood as reviewing authority that designated by the Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y de Arquitectos de Costa Rica.
AWS: American Welding Society (American Welding Society).
AWWA: American Water Works Association (American Water Works Association).
AYA: Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados.
Base: Layer of duly stabilized material, forming part of the resistant structure of a roadway, path, highway, or floor.
Roadway: Part of the street intended for vehicular traffic, comprised between curbs, ditches, or drainage trenches.
Median: Central zone on avenues with multiple lanes, dividing vehicular traffic. Generally with a curb, like a sidewalk. It can be a pedestrian crossing with a hard surface or with vegetation.
Load: Force that acts on a structure.
Wind load: Force due to the action of the wind.
Dead load: Force due to self-weight.
Permanent load: Force caused by the self-weight of a structure and by the weight of the elements, machines, and equipment permanently attached to it.
Seismic load: Force due to seismic phenomena.
Temporary load: Variable and transitory load throughout the life of a structure.
Live load: Synonym of temporary load.
Shell: Curved or folded slab of small thickness. It is characterized by its capacity to resist three-dimensional loads. This capacity is determined by its geometric shape, its edge conditions, and the nature of the applied loads.
Falsework post: Part of the support structure of formwork (encofrado).
Usage coefficient: Factor that affects seismic forces according to the use to which a building will be destined.
Colegio Federado: Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y de Arquitectos de Costa Rica.
Reinforced concrete: Mixture of stone aggregates and cement, with steel reinforcement.
Asphaltic concrete: Mixture of stone aggregates and asphalt, using the latter as a binder.
Cyclopean concrete: Mixture of stone aggregates and cement, including rough stone as the main element within the total volume.
Mass concrete: Mixture of stone aggregates and cement, without reinforcing steel.
Condominium: Property built horizontally, vertically, or mixed, susceptible to independent use by different owners, with common elements of an indivisible nature.
Construction: Art of building any structure that is fixed or incorporated into a land; it includes works of building, reconstruction, alteration, or expansion that imply permanence.
Co-ownership: Regime existing in those cases where two or more people acquire ownership of the same thing, or a right over the entirety of a good and not over a part of it.
Purlin: Resistant element, which normally works in bending and serves to fix the roofing material or the side enclosure of a building, transmitting loads to the main structure.
Building: Construction intended for any activity, whether habitation, work, storage, or protection of belongings, etc.
Privately used buildings: Those that neither permanently house, nor regularly serve as a meeting place for, a considerable number of people.
Publicly used buildings: Those buildings of the State or private ones, that permanently house, or regularly serve as a meeting place for, a considerable number of people.
Executor: For the purposes of this Regulation, the engineer, architect, technician, or master builder authorized by the Municipality, who is in charge of the execution—not the planning—of a work.
Formwork: System of molds intended to support and shape concrete elements while it acquires its own resistance.
Lattice: Synonym of reticulated when referring to open-web structures.
Beam grid: System of beams that form the resistant structure of a mezzanine or a roof.
Scale: The scale of a plan or map expresses the length ratio between the features drawn and the real ones on the earth's surface. That is, it is the relationship existing between graphic dimensions and real ones. Generally, it is expressed as a ratio or fraction: 1:50,000 or 1/50,000. The numerator is the unit and represents the distance in the drawing; the denominator, a larger number, represents the distance on the ground. Thus, the scale 1:50,000 establishes that any unit such as one (1) centimeter or one (1) millimeter on the map represents 50,000 equal units on the ground. The smaller the denominator, the larger the scale is because it is closer to the unit; at a 1:1 scale, the representation and the represented object are equal. One (1) centimeter at 1:10,000 represents one hundred (100) meters, and at 1:50,000 it corresponds to five hundred meters on the ground.
In this way, the scale constitutes an essential element in cartographic, urban development, and construction work as it facilitates the measurement of real distances.
In urban planning, the term SCALE is also used as a spatial appreciation of the field of action of specific facts (for example, regional scale, urban scale, etc.) and as the relationship of the human being with the elements of space: human scale.
To ream: To round out or enlarge a hole opened in a piece of metal.
Parking lots: Those places (whether in buildings or on lots) public or private, intended to store vehicles, including bus terminals and garages for taxis.
Structure: System of elements resistant to the effects of external forces of all types, which forms the skeleton of a building or civil work. It receives and transmits loads and stresses to firm soil.
Shape factor: Coefficient that affects the basic wind pressure and depends on the general shape of the building and the openings it contains.
Facade: It is the elevation or orthographic projection of a building. It can be frontal (exterior), lateral, or posterior; or interior, when it corresponds to internal patios.
Lot frontage: It is the length at its frontal demarcation line.
Gravel: Natural stone, as found in riverbeds and quarries.
Habitable: Premises that meet the minimum requirements for safety, hygiene, and comfort.
Habitat: Organization of space for human activities.
Room: Space constituted by a single chamber.
ICE: Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad.
Prime coat for streets: Liquid material, generally asphalt, used to seal the granular soil base before placing the asphalt layer of pavements.
Construction ratio: It is the quotient resulting from dividing the total construction meters by the lot surface area. In this calculation, basements and rooftops are excluded.
Installation: In a building, any system intended for services such as drinking water, drains, electrical energy, vertical transportation, air conditioning, etc.
Electrical installation: Set of electrical equipment and materials used to produce, convert, transform, transmit, distribute, or utilize electrical energy.
Sanitary installation:
Exterior sanitary installation: The system of pipes and accessories, external to the buildings, that interconnect to the potable water supply networks and sewage evacuation networks of a city.
Interior sanitary installation: The system of pipes and accessories that make up the internal and private networks for potable water supply and sewage evacuation of a building.
INVU: Instituto Nacional de Vivienda y Urbanismo.
Building line: A line generally parallel to that of the property front, which indicates a distance from it equal to the required frontal retreat or front setback (antejardín).
Property line: That which demarcates the limits of the particular property.
Lot: It is the land delineated from neighboring properties with access to one or more paths or roads. It can be for private, public, or communal use.
Stone masonry: Masonry work constructed with stones, bricks, or blocks and mortar to join them.
MIEM: Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Minas.
Pilaster: Vertical element of small transverse dimension, constructed of reinforced concrete to confine walls or partitions. Also, a piece of wall of small section remaining on the sides of relatively wide openings in walls.
MOPT: Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes.
Municipality: State legal entity with territorial jurisdiction over a canton. The head town of the canton is the seat of the Municipal Government. It corresponds to the administration of local services and interests, with the aim of promoting the integral development of the cantons in harmony with national development.
Load-bearing wall: Wall designed and constructed to resist mainly vertical loads.
Structural wall: Wall designed and constructed to resist mainly horizontal loads, perpendicular to its plane.
Non-structural wall: Wall considered as non-resistant and intended to serve only as enclosure or division of enclosures. Synonym of partition.
Civil work: Work designed and constructed through the applied sciences and technology belonging to civil engineering.
Provisional work: Work of a temporary nature that must be built or installed as a means of transient service, to assist in the construction of a definitive work.
Panels: Modules into which a flat construction element is divided. Also, modular flat elements for construction, which are fixed to each other or to the resistant structure of a work, by means of appropriate devices.
Face: Any of the sides of a wall.
Partition: Synonym of a non-structural wall, construction element to enclose spaces.
Party wall: That which serves as separation between buildings, patios, or gardens, but which belongs to both adjoining owners.
Structural section: Bar of metal of various transversal sections, used for the construction of metal structures.
Geometric Profile: Layout of a terrain, highway, dam, etc., on the vertical plane.
Construction permit: That issued by the municipalities (and other competent bodies: Ministry of Health, INVU) for the execution of works, whether of a permanent or provisional nature. Generally, the permit is recorded on a plan, which is called an "approved plan." Self-weight: Weight of the construction elements, structural or non-structural, that must be considered in the calculation of works.
Rough stone: Gravel, generally of large size compared to that of aggregates for concrete.
Habitable rooms: The premises destined for living rooms, offices, studies, dining rooms, and bedrooms.
Non-habitable rooms: Those destined for kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, storage rooms, garages, and hallways.
Floor: In a building, a level platform that serves as a floor surface and to support furniture. The first floor is called that at ground level; a one-story building is one with a single floor. A floor is known as the set of rooms limited by specific horizontal planes in a multi-story building.
Planner: The engineer, architect, technician, or master builder who is in charge of the planning—not the execution—of a work. Planning is considered to be the design, calculation, and preparation of the respective project plans.
Cadastral plan: Official plan of a land, duly registered with the Dirección de Catastro Nacional, which fixes the shape, area, boundaries, and orientation.
Precast elements: Refers to structural concrete elements, cast outside their final position and later placed in it.
Basic wind pressure: Value of the pressure exerted by the wind in function of the square of its speed, on any surface.
Horizontal property: That type of building where the person is the exclusive owner of a floor, apartment, dwelling, or premises (private area) and co-owner of the goods assigned to common use.
Owner: For the purposes of the Regulation, the natural or legal person who exercises dominion over real estate through public deed. Construction regulation: It is that which particularizes the local rules concerning the safety, healthiness, and ornamentation of structures or buildings, without detriment to those pertinent to the Urban Planning Law and other current or applicable laws in the field of construction.
Burr: Protrusion of non-useful, leftover material, on the edges or on the surface of an element.
Repair: Renewal of any part of a work, to leave it in conditions equal to or better than the original ones.
Plastering: Coating of a wall with cement, lime, or similar mortar, to improve its surface for aesthetic or protection purposes.
Setbacks: They are the unbuilt open spaces comprised between a structure and the boundaries of the respective property.
Front setback: Term equivalent to front setback (antejardín).
Side setback: Unbuildable open space comprised between the side boundary of the property (lot) and the closest part of the physical structure (construction).
Rear setback: Unbuildable open space comprised between the rear boundary of the property (lot) and the closest part of the physical structure (construction).
Risk: Contingency or probability of an accident, damage, or injury.
Overhang: Part that projects from a wall. Projection.
Semi-basement: Space of a building that is partially below ground level and can be ventilated and illuminated directly and naturally.
Easement: Restriction on the dominion of a property, established for the benefit of the public or another estate.
Public meeting place: Under this heading are included: 1) Spectacle halls (theaters, cinemas, concert or conference halls, and the like); 2) Social centers (casinos, cabarets, bars, restaurants, dance halls, and the like); 3) Sports buildings (stadiums, gymnasiums, racetracks, bullrings, and the like); and 4) Temples or places of worship.
Surcharge: Load above that assumed for design purposes.
Basement: Space of a building that is under ground level and that cannot receive direct and natural lighting and ventilation.
Subbase: Part of the resistant structure of a street, path, or highway, composed generally of a compacted layer of granular material, placed over the subgrade and below the base.
Subgrade: The terrain surface of a street, path, or highway, duly stabilized, upon which the subbase or the pavement base will be placed.
Soil: Any unconsolidated material composed of distinct solid particles, with gases or liquids included. In construction, the word is normally applied to the support ground of works. In architecture, it is also used as a synonym for floor.
Partition: Vertical, thin, non-resistant element, serving as an interior division or exterior enclosure of rooms of a building.
Slum dwelling: Premises destined for housing, in a property object of an official declaration of uninhabitability due to its unhealthy or unsafe conditions. Included in this concept are houses, apartments, rooms, chambers, and in general, constructions or structures destined totally or partially for the expressed purpose, even if it is only a shelter in a non-urban site, of an improvised nature.
Urbanization: Subdivision (fraccionamiento) or habilitation of land for urban purposes, through the construction of streets and provision of services.
Pedestrian way: That which is used mainly for pedestrians, excluding vehicular use.
Public road: It is all land of public domain and of common use, that by provision of the administrative authority is destined for free transit in accordance with planning laws and regulations; it includes that land which in fact is already destined for that public use.
Public roads are inalienable and imprescriptible; according to their class, they will be destined, in addition, to ensure the conditions of aeration and lighting of the buildings that border them, to facilitate access to adjacent properties, and to the installation of any channeling, device, apparatus, or accessory belonging to a public work or destined for a public service.
Although the Public Roads Law does not define roads as a whole, it divides them into two categories: those of the national road network and those of the cantonal road network; in both cases, each type is defined according to its category.
Dwelling: It is any premises or enclosure, fixed or mobile, constructed, converted, or arranged, that is used for housing purposes for people, permanently or temporarily.
Multifamily dwelling: It is the building conceived as an architectural unit with independent habitable areas, suitable to provide shelter to three or more families.
Single-family dwelling: It is the building provided with habitable areas destined to provide shelter to a single family.
Green zones: Open areas covered with grass or trees, for public or communal use, destined for recreation.
(Amended by ordinary session No. 3822, held on May 4, 1987)
Construction permits