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Res. 00139-2013 Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección III · Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección III · 04/04/2013
OutcomeResultado
The appeal against the municipal eviction and demolition order is rejected, confirming the challenged act and exhausting the administrative route.Se rechaza el recurso de apelación contra la orden municipal de desalojo y demolición, confirmando el acto impugnado y dando por agotada la vía administrativa.
SummaryResumen
The Administrative Contentious Court, Section III, upheld the ruling of the Municipality of Carrillo ordering the eviction and demolition of a 38-unit condominium project built without a prior construction permit. The appellant companies, Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar S.A. and its fiduciary S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios, argued that the permit had been in process since 2006, that they had paid the construction tax, and that demolition would cause environmental harm. The Court rejected all arguments, emphasizing that the lack of a construction permit authorized the municipality to apply the procedure under Articles 93 et seq. of the Construction Law, which includes two warnings and ultimately demolition. It also noted that water availability was not properly documented and that the environmental argument did not excuse non-compliance, since demolition was a consequence of the owners’ illegitimate conduct.El Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo, Sección III, confirmó la resolución de la Alcaldía Municipal de Carrillo que ordenó el desalojo y demolición de un proyecto habitacional de 38 viviendas en condominio, construido sin licencia municipal previa. La empresa recurrente Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar S.A. y su fiduciaria S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios alegaron que el permiso estaba en trámite desde 2006, que pagaron el impuesto de construcción y que la demolición causaría daño ambiental. El tribunal rechazó todos los argumentos, destacando que la falta de licencia constructiva habilita a la municipalidad a aplicar el procedimiento de los artículos 93 y siguientes de la Ley de Construcciones, que incluye dos prevenciones y finalmente la demolición. Además, se señaló que la disponibilidad hídrica no estaba acreditada correctamente y que el argumento ambiental no excusa el incumplimiento, pues la demolición es consecuencia de la conducta ilegítima de los propietarios.
Key excerptExtracto clave
As this Court has repeatedly stated and reaffirmed in cases similar to the present one, such conduct fulfills an essentially local function, as provided by Articles 169 of the Constitution, 1 and 74 of the Construction Law, and 15 of the Urban Planning Law, which authorize the imposition of limitations on private property to prevent disorderly and impactful community development and to guarantee the coexistence of human needs with the duty to protect the environment. In this regard, Municipalities are called upon to exercise full powers of oversight and supervision to ensure the beauty, ornament, safety, and comfort of cities and towns. This power, which by its very nature is mandatory, constitutes a power-duty of municipal authorities that they cannot fail to apply when transgressions of urban planning regulations occur. Otherwise, they would incur a serious breach of their duties, which could give rise to not only disciplinary but also civil and possibly criminal liability.Tal y como ha indicado reiteradamente este Tribunal y lo hizo saber en casos similares al que nos ocupa, dicha conducta responde a una función esencialmente local, conforme lo señalan los numerales 169 constitucional, 1 y 74 de la Ley de Construcciones y 15 de la Ley de Planificación Urbana, mediante los cuales se faculta la imposición de limitaciones a la propiedad privada que tienden a impedir el desarrollo desordenado e impactante de las comunidades y garantizar la coexistencia de las necesidades humanas de convivencia junto con el deber de brindar protección del medio ambiente, dentro de lo cual las Municipalidades son las llamadas a ejercer plenos poderes de tutela y fiscalización en aras de garantizar la belleza, el ornato, la seguridad y la comodidad de las ciudades y poblaciones. Esta facultad, que es por su propia naturaleza obligatoria, se trata de un poder-deber de las autoridades municipales que no pueden dejar de aplicar ante el acaecimiento de transgresiones al ordenamiento urbanístico. De lo contrario, incurrirían en un incumplimiento grave de sus funciones y ello podría generar responsabilidad no sólo disciplinaria, sino civil y eventualmente penal.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"La contravención a lo dispuesto en los artículos 74 y 89 inciso a) de la Ley de Construcciones, a saber, edificar obras sin licencia constructiva previa, provoca como consecuencia la habilitación para el Gobierno Local de dictar la paralización de obras, así como la clausura y posterior demolición una vez culminado el procedimiento previsto en los artículos 93 y siguientes de la Ley de Construcciones."
"Violation of Articles 74 and 89(a) of the Construction Law, namely building works without a prior construction license, entitles the Local Government to order the suspension of works, as well as the closure and subsequent demolition once the procedure set forth in Articles 93 et seq. of the Construction Law is concluded."
Considerando III, punto 1
"La contravención a lo dispuesto en los artículos 74 y 89 inciso a) de la Ley de Construcciones, a saber, edificar obras sin licencia constructiva previa, provoca como consecuencia la habilitación para el Gobierno Local de dictar la paralización de obras, así como la clausura y posterior demolición una vez culminado el procedimiento previsto en los artículos 93 y siguientes de la Ley de Construcciones."
Considerando III, punto 1
"Esta facultad, que es por su propia naturaleza obligatoria, se trata de un poder-deber de las autoridades municipales que no pueden dejar de aplicar ante el acaecimiento de transgresiones al ordenamiento urbanístico. De lo contrario, incurrirían en un incumplimiento grave de sus funciones y ello podría generar responsabilidad no sólo disciplinaria, sino civil y eventualmente penal."
"This power, which by its very nature is mandatory, constitutes a power-duty of municipal authorities that they cannot fail to apply when urban planning regulations are breached. Otherwise, they would incur a serious breach of their duties, which could give rise to not only disciplinary but also civil and possibly criminal liability."
Considerando III, punto 1
"Esta facultad, que es por su propia naturaleza obligatoria, se trata de un poder-deber de las autoridades municipales que no pueden dejar de aplicar ante el acaecimiento de transgresiones al ordenamiento urbanístico. De lo contrario, incurrirían en un incumplimiento grave de sus funciones y ello podría generar responsabilidad no sólo disciplinaria, sino civil y eventualmente penal."
Considerando III, punto 1
"Los presuntos daños que pueda causar la demolición, deberán ser asumidos -en principio- por los propietarios de los inmuebles en que se construyeron las obras, quienes provocaron con sus conductas ilegítimas que la Municipalidad de Carrillo tenga que aplicar la sanción indicada."
"Any possible damage caused by the demolition shall, in principle, be borne by the owners of the properties on which the works were built, whose illegal conduct made it necessary for the Municipality of Carrillo to impose the indicated sanction."
Considerando III, punto 4
"Los presuntos daños que pueda causar la demolición, deberán ser asumidos -en principio- por los propietarios de los inmuebles en que se construyeron las obras, quienes provocaron con sus conductas ilegítimas que la Municipalidad de Carrillo tenga que aplicar la sanción indicada."
Considerando III, punto 4
Full documentDocumento completo
TRIBUNAL CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVO, SECCIÓN III Date of Resolution: April 4, 2013 at 16:25 Type of Matter: Municipal Appeal Content of Interest:
Type of content: Majority Vote Branch of Law: Municipal Law Topic: Municipal Police Subtopics:
Jurisdiction in verifying compliance with urban development regulations.
Topic: Municipal Urbanism Subtopics:
Jurisdiction of the municipality in verifying compliance with urban development regulations.
“III.- REGARDING THE SPECIFIC CASE. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the arguments and the case file, this Chamber concludes that the resolution issued at eight forty-five on September two, two thousand eleven, by the Municipal Mayor's Office of Carrillo, must be upheld for the reasons set forth below:
The representative of the company Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar, S.A., claims that the resolution issued at eight hours forty-five minutes on September two, two thousand nine, by the Municipal Mayor of Carrillo, is contrary to law for the following reasons: i) He argues that the construction of the project was indeed started; that the construction permit has been in process since 2006 and that the final stage was practically finished at the time the respondent Municipality conducted the inspection in 2009; ii) That they did pay the construction tax, contrary to what the Municipality indicated; iii) That the demolition order issued by the Municipal Mayor's Office would cause environmental damage to the area, given the scale of the works; iv) He claims that the construction carried out has not caused damage to the environment, because the works are not located in a biological reserve, and do not contain springs, mangroves, or any other environmentally important element; v) That during the processing of the construction permit, situations beyond its control have prevented it from fulfilling the requirements requested by the respondent Municipality, for example: obtaining new water availability, because although the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados had already granted it, the municipal entity does not recognize it.
For his part, the representative of the company S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios states that “...I embrace each and every one of the arguments put forth...” in the subsidiary appeal filed by the company Condominios Pura en el Mar, S.A. He further claims that “...in its capacity as fiduciary of the aforementioned properties, it has never been warned by the Municipality of Carrillo of any type of problem; be it (WARNING OR REQUIREMENT) that must be addressed regarding said properties or the constructions located on them, despite the fact that the information regarding the title held by my represented party is public information recorded in the National Registry and accessible to any person...” (folios 160, 161, 165 and 165 of the file).
Based on a comprehensive analysis of the arguments and the case file, this Chamber concludes that the resolution issued at eight forty-five on September two, two thousand eleven, by the Municipal Mayor's Office of Carrillo, must be upheld for the reasons set forth below: 1) Regarding the Police Powers of Municipal entities in the matter of construction. The respondent Municipality, in exercising its police powers, must verify that every temporary or permanent building within its jurisdiction is covered by the respective construction permit, which must be issued prior to the commencement of works. For this reason, any contravention of the provisions of Articles 74 and 89, subsection a) of the Construction Law, namely, erecting works without prior construction permit, enables the Local Government to order the suspension of works, as well as the closure and subsequent demolition once the procedure set forth in Article 93 and following of the Construction Law has been completed.
As this Court has repeatedly indicated and has made known in cases similar to the one at hand (resolutions number 505-2012 of sixteen hours ten minutes on November twenty-two, two thousand twelve; 27-2013 of fourteen hours forty minutes on January thirty-one, two thousand thirteen), such conduct is an essentially local function, as stated in constitutional article 169, Articles 1 and 74 of the Construction Law, and Article 15 of the Urban Planning Law, which authorize the imposition of limitations on private property aimed at preventing the disorderly and impactful development of communities and guaranteeing the coexistence of human needs for cohabitation together with the duty to provide environmental protection, within which Municipalities are called upon to exercise full powers of stewardship and oversight in order to guarantee the beauty, embellishment, safety, and comfort of cities and towns.
This power, which by its very nature is mandatory, constitutes a power-duty of municipal authorities, which they cannot fail to apply in the event of transgressions against urban planning regulations. Otherwise, they would incur a serious breach of their functions, which could generate not only disciplinary, but also civil and potentially criminal liability. This is nothing more than the exercise of the sovereign powers of the municipal administration; therefore, it obviously makes the Mayor fully competent to implement the urban development regime with all necessary rigor, as authorized by Article 17, subsection a) of the Municipal Code, given that he is the hierarchical superior of the Department of Engineering and Urban Control of the Municipality of Aguirre. 2) Regarding the construction of a housing project without prior construction permit and the observance of the procedure set forth in Article 93 and following of the Construction Law.
In the specific case—as acknowledged by the appellant company itself (folios 115 to 117 of the expediente)—it is deemed proven that the work subject to suspension and demolition by the Local Government lacks a construction permit (licencia constructiva), for although it is true that the appellant Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar, S.A. requested the permit on February fourteenth, two thousand six (folio 15 of the expediente); it is also true that said request has been denied on several occasions—as is evident from the documents visible at folios 23, 45, 84 and 85 of the expediente—because it lacks certain essential requirements, such as: water availability (disponibilidad hídrica), current environmental viability (viabilidad ambiental), cadastral plan number G-0967373-2004 not approved by the Municipality of Carrillo. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the appellant proceeded with the erection of the construction works, which caused, since two thousand six, the respondent entity to notify the company Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar, S.A.—at that time the registered owner of the properties on which the construction works were carried out (see folios 18 to 22, 72 to 77 of the expediente)—of two warnings (prevenciones) in accordance with the provisions of Article 93 and following of the Ley de Construcciones, so that it would come into compliance and process the permit (folios 29 and 40 of the expediente).
Indeed, the works were closed down by the respondent Municipality on November second, two thousand six (folio 44 of the expediente); however, the appellant continued with the construction of the housing project, despite not having the construction permit (licencia constructiva), a circumstance that prompted the notification to the then-registered owner of the properties on which the construction works were carried out (see folios 18 to 22, 72 to 77, 78 and 79 of the expediente) of two further warnings (prevenciones), on May twelfth and September eleventh, both of two thousand nine, in which it is again urged to come into compliance, since it did not possess a permit for the construction of 34 condominium apartments (folios 78 and 79 of the expediente). At this point, it should be noted that the new registered owner as fiduciary of the lands on which the housing project was built—S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios (folios 82 and 83 of the expediente)—by means of a brief filed on March ninth, two thousand eleven, appeared before the Municipality of Carrillo, “…with the purpose of continuing with the process to obtain the corresponding construction permit for the project indicated above, I submit the following documentation (…) 1.
Updated Certification of Legal Status of S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios S.A. 2. Copy of the legal identification card of S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios S.A. 3. Copy of the identity card of Mr. Nombre71470, legal representative of the owner company…” (folios 98 to 100 of the expediente). By reason of the foregoing, this Court considers that it has not been placed in a defenseless situation, for although it is true that the Municipality of Carrillo did not notify it of any of the four warnings (prevenciones) to obtain the construction permit (licencia constructiva), given that on those dates—namely: September 14 and 29, two thousand six; May 12 and September eleven, two thousand nine (folios 29, 40, 78 and 79 of the expediente)—the registered owner of the properties on which the works were being erected was Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar, S.A. (folios 18 to 22, 72 to 77, 78 and 79 of the expediente); it is also true that with the appearance made by means of the brief of March ninth, two thousand eleven, the appellant S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios became aware of the situation, that is, that as of that date they still did not have the construction permit for 38 condominiums on the properties registered under real folio registration numbers Placa17418 and Placa17419, with cadastral plans number Placa17420 and Placa17421, so much so that it submitted certain documents “…with the purpose of continuing with the process to obtain the corresponding construction permit for the project indicated above…”, which correspond—in part—to the requirements that the Department of Municipal Engineering of Carrillo had indicated as pending fulfillment by the owner company in its capacity as fiduciary, in official communication number MC-IM-597-10 of July fourteenth, two thousand ten, addressed to the Directorate of Legal Affairs of that Municipality (folios 84 and 85 of the expediente).
For all the foregoing, this Court considers that the respondent Municipal Administration has observed the procedure provided for in Articles 93 and following of the Ley de Construcciones, which has culminated in the act ordering the eviction and demolition of what was built, upon proving non-compliance with the provisions of Article 89 subsection a) of the Ley de Construcciones.
POR TANTO.
The challenged act is confirmed, and the administrative channel is deemed exhausted.- Evelyn Solano Ulloa Marianella Álvarez Molina Francisco J. Muñoz Chacón ASUNTO: APELACIÓN MUNICIPAL RECURRENTE: CONDOMINIOS PURA VIDA EN EL MAR S.A. Y OTRO RECURRIDA: MUNICIPALIDAD DE CARRILLO 3 Classification prepared by CENTRO DE INFORMACIÓN JURISPRUDENCIAL of the Poder Judicial. Its reproduction and/or distribution for a fee is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 09-05-2026 06:47:17.
Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Sección III Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: Derecho Municipal Tema: Policía municipal Subtemas:
Competencia en la verificación del cumplimiento de la regulación urbanística.
Tema: Urbanismo municipal Subtemas:
Competencia de la municipalidad en la verificación del cumplimiento de la regulación urbanística.
“IIIo.- SOBRE EL CASO CONCRETO. A partir de un análisis integral de las argumentaciones así como del expediente, concluye esta Cámara que la resolución de las ocho horas cuarenta y cinco minutos del dos de setiembre del dos mil once, dictada por la Alcaldía Municipal de Carrillo, debe confirmarse por las razones que de seguido se exponen:
CONSIDERANDO:
Io.- HECHOS PROBADOS. Se tienen como debidamente acreditados los siguientes hechos que resultan relevantes para este proceso:
IIo.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. El representante de la empresa Condominios Pura Vida en el Mar, S.A., alega que la resolución de las ocho horas cuarenta y cinco minutos del dos de setiembre del dos mil nueve, dictada por el Alcalde Municipal de Carrillo, resulta contraria a derecho por las siguientes razones: i) Sostiene que sí se inició la construcción del proyecto; que el permiso de construcción se encuentra en trámite desde el 2006 y que la última etapa estaba prácticamente terminada, al momento en que la Municipalidad recurrida realizó la inspección del año 2009; ii) Que sí realizaron el pago del impuesto sobre la construcción, contrario a lo indicado por la Municipalidad; iii) Que la orden de demolición dispuesta por la Alcaldía Municipal, causaría un daño ambiental a la zona, dada la envergadura de la obra; iv) Alega que con la construcción realizada no se ha producido daño al ambiente, porque la obra no se encuentra en una reserva biológica, no cuenta con nacientes, manglares u otro elemento ambiental de importancia; v) Que en la tramitación del permiso de construcción, situaciones ajenas a su voluntad le han impedido cumplir los requisitos solicitados por la Municipalidad recurrida, como por ejemplo: obtener una nueva disponibilidad de agua, pues aunque el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados ya se la había otorgado, el ente municipal no la reconoce.
Por su parte, el representante de la sociedad S.A. Lazar Abogados y Notarios, indica que “…hago propios todos y cada uno de los argumentos esgrimidos…” en el recurso de apelación en subsidio interpuesto por la empresa Condominios Pura en el Mar, S.A. Asimismo alega, que “…en su condición de fiduciaria de los inmuebles antes indicados, nunca ha siso apercibida por la Municipalidad de Carrillo de ningún tipo de problema; ya sea (PREVENCIÓN O REQUERIMIENTO) que deba atenderse con respecto a dichos inmuebles o las construcciones que sobre los mismos se ubican, a pesar de que la información sobre el título que ostenta mi representada es información pública que consta en el Registro Nacional y de acceso para cualquier persona…” (folios 160, 161, 165 y 165 del expediente).
IIIo.- SOBRE EL CASO CONCRETO. A partir de un análisis integral de las argumentaciones así como del expediente, concluye esta Cámara que la resolución de las ocho horas cuarenta y cinco minutos del dos de setiembre del dos mil once, dictada por la Alcaldía Municipal de Carrillo, debe confirmarse por las razones que de seguido se exponen:
POR TANTO.
Se confirma el acto impugnado y se da por agotada la vía administrativa.- Evelyn Solano Ulloa Marianella Álvarez Molina Francisco J. Muñoz Chacón ASUNTO: APELACIÓN MUNICIPAL RECURRENTE: CONDOMINIOS PURA VIDA EN EL MAR S.A. Y OTRO RECURRIDA: MUNICIPALIDAD DE CARRILLO 3 Clasificación elaborada por CENTRO DE INFORMACIÓN JURISPRUDENCIALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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