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Res. 17150-2025 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 06/06/2025
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber denied the amparo and upheld the closure, finding that authorities acted within their powers to protect the right to a healthy environment and public health given serious regulatory breaches and the occupation of a protected area.La Sala Constitucional declara sin lugar el amparo y confirma el cierre del establecimiento, al considerar que las autoridades actuaron dentro de sus competencias en protección del derecho a un ambiente sano y la salud pública, ante los graves incumplimientos normativos y la ocupación de zona protegida.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber denied an amparo filed by the owner of Matadero Santa Rosa against the closure and suspension of its Veterinary Operation Certificate ordered by SENASA. The court found that the facility lacked a valid discharge permit, its wastewater treatment system violated health and environmental regulations (Decree 39887-S-MINAE, Regulation 33601), and it was located within a protected area of the Pocosol River per SINAC's report, leading to a criminal complaint for encroachment. The Ministry of Health confirmed serious deficiencies in operational reporting, infrastructure, and sludge management, posing risks to public health and the environment. The Chamber held that the closure was based on multiple field inspections and technical reports since 2023, respecting due process, and that the right to a healthy environment (Article 50) and public health outweighed the petitioner's commercial interests.La Sala Constitucional desestima un recurso de amparo interpuesto por el propietario del Matadero Santa Rosa contra el cierre y suspensión del Certificado Veterinario de Operación ordenados por SENASA. La resolución constató que el establecimiento no contaba con permiso de vertido vigente, su sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales incumplía normativa sanitaria y ambiental (Decreto 39887-S-MINAE, Reglamento 33601), y se ubicaba en área de protección del río Pocosol según informe del SINAC, lo cual motivó una denuncia penal por invasión. El Ministerio de Salud verificó deficiencias graves en reportes operacionales, infraestructura y manejo de lodos, que implicaban riesgos para salud pública y ambiente. La Sala consideró que el cierre se fundamentó en múltiples informes técnicos y visitas desde 2023, respetando el debido proceso, y que primaban los derechos colectivos al ambiente sano (artículo 50 constitucional) y la salud, por lo que no hubo violación a los derechos del recurrente.
Key excerptExtracto clave
In light of this, it is clear that the operation of the Matadero Santa Rosa establishment breaches a series of requirements that this Chamber cannot overlook. In addition to the fundamental rights invoked by the petitioner in his amparo, this Court is also called upon to protect the right enshrined in Article 50 of the Political Constitution. Precisely, all the actions of the respondent authorities have been aimed at protecting this right, given that the slaughterhouse's operation has serious deficiencies in several aspects, including the filing of a criminal complaint with the Public Prosecutor's Office for alleged encroachment on the protected area of the Pocosol River. [...] the competent public bodies regulating its commercial activity have determined, based on various field visits, technical reports, and administrative resolutions, that the petitioner has breached serious and important operational aspects, endangering the right to a healthy environment and health. This matter cannot be ignored by this Court. [...] Thus, the petitioner has been aware of his business's deficiencies for months, as pointed out by the various public offices handling his case [...], and may not now claim that Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025 [...] was abrupt or violated due process.Ante este panorama, es claro que el funcionamiento del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa incumple con una serie de requisitos que esta Sala no puede pasar por alto. Además de los derechos fundamentales invocados por el recurrente en su amparo, este Tribunal se encuentra también llamado a tutelar el derecho consagrado en el numeral 50 de la Constitución Política. Y justamente todas las actuaciones de las autoridades recurridas se han dirigido a proteger este derecho, pues el funcionamiento del matadero tiene serias deficiencias en varios aspectos, siendo que incluso se ha presentado una denuncia penal ante el Ministerio Público por supuesta invasión al área protegida del río Pocosol. [...] los órganos públicos competentes para regular su actividad comercial han determinado, con base en diversas visitas de campo, informes técnicos, y resoluciones administrativas, que el recurrente ha incumplido aspectos serios e importantes del funcionamiento, poniendo en riesgo el derecho al ambiente y a la salud. Tal cuestión no puede ser obviada por este Tribunal. [...] Así las cosas, desde meses atrás, el promovente ha tenido conocimiento de las deficiencias que tiene su negocio comercial, mismas que han sido señaladas por las diversas oficinas públicas que atienden su caso [...], sin que ahora pueda alegar que la Resolución N° SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025 [...] haya sido intempestiva o lesiva al debido proceso.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Y justamente todas las actuaciones de las autoridades recurridas se han dirigido a proteger este derecho, pues el funcionamiento del matadero tiene serias deficiencias en varios aspectos, siendo que incluso se ha presentado una denuncia penal ante el Ministerio Público por supuesta invasión al área protegida del río Pocosol."
"Indeed, all the actions of the respondent authorities have been aimed at protecting this right, given that the slaughterhouse's operation has serious deficiencies in several aspects, including a criminal complaint filed with the Public Prosecutor's Office for alleged encroachment on the protected area of the Pocosol River."
Considerando IV
"Y justamente todas las actuaciones de las autoridades recurridas se han dirigido a proteger este derecho, pues el funcionamiento del matadero tiene serias deficiencias en varios aspectos, siendo que incluso se ha presentado una denuncia penal ante el Ministerio Público por supuesta invasión al área protegida del río Pocosol."
Considerando IV
"El sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales del establecimiento no cumple con los requisitos establecidos en la normativa vigente, lo que implica riesgos tanto para la salud pública como para el medio ambiente."
"The establishment's wastewater treatment system does not meet the requirements of current regulations, posing risks to both public health and the environment."
Informe técnico Ministerio de Salud, citado en Considerando IV
"El sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales del establecimiento no cumple con los requisitos establecidos en la normativa vigente, lo que implica riesgos tanto para la salud pública como para el medio ambiente."
Informe técnico Ministerio de Salud, citado en Considerando IV
"Se ordena el cierre del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol, con Certificado de Operación N° 048971-02 a partir del momento del recibida la presente notificación. Consecuentemente se suspende el Certificado de Operación N° 048971-02."
"The closure of the Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol establishment, under Operation Certificate No. 048971-02, is ordered as of receipt of this notification. Consequently, Operation Certificate No. 048971-02 is suspended."
Resolución SENASA, citada en Resultando 1
"Se ordena el cierre del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol, con Certificado de Operación N° 048971-02 a partir del momento del recibida la presente notificación. Consecuentemente se suspende el Certificado de Operación N° 048971-02."
Resolución SENASA, citada en Resultando 1
Full documentDocumento completo
CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at ten hours fifteen minutes of June sixth, two thousand twenty-five.
Amparo action processed in case file number 25-012033-0007-CO, filed by Nombre01, identity card number CED05, against the MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN CARLOS, THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, THE NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE (SENASA), THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY (MINAE).
WHEREAS:
During this visit, the Environmental Management Department of the Municipality of San Carlos identified that the discharge permit for special waters that had been granted by the Water Directorate under file No. 5594 has been cancelled due to expiration since June 2022. For this reason, the Ministry of Health, Pocosol Health Governing Area, the National Animal Health Service, Huetar Norte Regional Directorate – C.A. Pocosol, and the Water Directorate, San Juan Hydrological Unit, were requested to conduct an on-site inspection and act according to their competencies. Subsequently, on December 20, 2023, engineer Rebeca Gutiérrez of the Agro-Environmental Unit of SENASA conducted a visit to the establishment accompanied by Technician Cristian Molina of the Santa Rosa de Pocosol Sub-Cantonal Office DRHN-SENASA, to address complaint SITADA No. 43277-2023, and according to Visit Sheet No. 0274152, it is mentioned that the wastewater treatment system is located in a protection zone, and therefore SINAC and the Ministry of Health are requested to provide a criterion on its location.
As a result of this visit, official letter No. SENASA-PAA-014-2023, dated January 9, 2024, was issued, addressed to Dr. Alfredo Sequeira Ávalos, Director of the SENASA Operations Unit. This letter mentions that, during the inspection by Eng. Rebeca Gutiérrez, it was possible to verify that the wastewater treatment system is located in a protected zone, and therefore Dr. Alfredo Sequeira Ávalos is requested to forward the report to the competent institutions, in order to have the necessary support for administrative actions regarding the granting or suspension of the Veterinary Operation Certificate (Certificado Veterinario de Operación, CVO). On September 30, 2024, Official Letter No. MSCAM-GA-0408-2024 was received by mail, sent by Environmental Assistant Francisco Villalobos Quirós of the Environmental Management Department of the Municipality of San Carlos, which establishes the following findings during the visit: “[…] managing to locate infrastructure for animal slaughter, pens for animal handling, administrative offices, and a supposed wastewater treatment system where a solids collector, a series sedimentator composed of four segments, several inspection boxes, and an unsealed lagoon as the final treatment phase which discharges into the Pocosol River are evident.
None of the phases were properly delimited and labeled.” Additionally, the municipal officials determine: “Upon reviewing the documentation of the Santa Rosa Slaughterhouse, we were only able to locate the SENASA Biennial Registration Renewal Certificate with CVO number 048971-02 valid until September 10, 2025, and the Regencia Authorization from the College of Veterinary Physicians SIREA No. Telf01. Regarding the wastewater treatment system, operational reports, calculation reports, or any other document were requested to validate its operation; however, the administrator indicated that he did not have them on hand, and only showed a logbook whose last update date was August 25, 2023.” By virtue of the foregoing, after analyzing the administrative files of the “Matadero de Santa Rosa de Pocosol” establishment and sending emails to the institutions involved, it was determined through a technical report of the Ministry of Health MS-DRRSHN-DARSSRP-ERS-IT-080-2025, dated February 17, 2025, with the subject described as: Analysis report of the file related to the wastewater treatment system of the industrial establishment called Matadero Santa Rosa, located in Santa Rosa de Pocosol, prepared by Lic. Uriel Sánchez Abarca of the Health Regulation Process of the Santa Rosa Health Governing Area, Ministry of Health, R.H.N, and with the approval of Dr. Dionisio Sibaja Anchía, a.i.
Director of the Santa Rosa Health Governing Area of the Huetar Norte Regional Directorate. From this report, the following points should be highlighted: “V. The file contains official letter DA-UHSAN-1273-2024 dated December 9, 2024, regarding the complaint filed through the Integrated System for Processing Environmental Complaints (Sistema Integrado de Trámite de Denuncias Ambientales, SITADA), ID 43277-2023, which states: “The slaughterhouse dumps blood and animal viscera into the floodplain of the Pocosol River.” Likewise, the indicated official letter notes that on October 15, 2024, an inspection was carried out by Deivis Guzmán Corrales, an official of the MINAE Water Directorate, at the indicated address in order to locate the reported site. During the visit, Mr. Nombre01, identification number CED03, was spoken to, who stated that he is the new owner of the Matadero Santa Rosa. He was informed that file 5594-V, in the name of Matadero Santa Rosa and consulted in the National Discharge Registry (Registro Nacional de Vertidos), does not have a valid permit to discharge, as said file was expired as of that date; for this reason, he was notified on site of this irregularity.
VI. Official letter DA-UHSAN-0022-2025 dated January 8, 2025, issued by the San Juan Hydrological Unit, Ciudad Quesada Regional Office, signed by Deivis Guzmán Corrales, technician, and Eng. Nancy Quesada Artavia, Coordinator of the MINAE Water Directorate, addressed to Dr. Dionisio Sibaja Anchía, Pocosol Health Governing Area of the Ministry of Health, establishes, among other things: Through file 5594-V corresponding to the discharge permit procedure managed by Planta de Sacrificio Santa Rosa SS S.A., generating entity Matadero Santa Rosa, discharge permit resolution R-0509-2019-AGUAS-MINAE was granted, which expired on June 5, 2022. In attention to the mentioned file, the application for a discharge permit due to expiration of the previous term was submitted, which could not be processed due to the lack of the Wastewater Quality Certificate issued by the Ministry of Health. On October 11, 2023, the undersigned conducted a follow-up visit and observed the discharge, so Mr.
Álvaro Mora Obando, identification number CED04, who said he was responsible for the plant at the time of the visit, was notified in the field, and was informed that the permit is expired and that no wastewater discharge may be carried out. On November 27, 2023, a visit was conducted to carry out discharge sampling in accordance with the Discharge Control and Monitoring Program, where it was verified that they were carrying out the discharge even though they were informed by notification DA-GAA-0045 and in the warnings mentioned above that they could not discharge as it was cancelled due to expiration. During this visit, where Mr. Nombre01, identification number CED03, attended, he indicated that the site had undergone a change of ownership and that from that moment on he is the person responsible for the activity. Due to the reported situation, and that they have not submitted any response, and that this activity cannot be carrying out any type of discharge at this time, your good offices are requested to act accordingly.
VII. Official letter DA-UHSAN-0023-2025 dated January 8, 2025, issued by the San Juan Hydrological Unit, Ciudad Quesada Regional Office, signed by Deivis Guzmán Corrales, technician, and Eng. Nancy Quesada Artavia, Coordinator of the MINAE Water Directorate, addressed to Mr. Nombre01, in his capacity as legal representative of the establishment, establishes: In attention to the renewal process and application for a wastewater discharge permit, the following is indicated, among other things, from the referenced administrative files: On October 7, 2024, the application for a new discharge file 6453-V was received, which is requested by Nombre01, where the generating entity is indicated as Matadero Santa Rosa, and the discharge coordinate point Dirección01 latitude 1175670 and longitude 439108 is provided, providing literal certification 2-237544-000, the property where the activity and the discharge take place.
According to the review of file 6453-V, it is confirmed that it corresponds to the same site as file 5594-V. According to the coordinates provided in 6453-V, they were verified and correspond to the same point provided in 5594-V. Based on the foregoing, it is recommended to continue the procedure under file 5594-V, taking the information from 6453-V as an application for a discharge permit due to expiration of the previous term of file 5594-V. Regarding file 6453-V, it is recommended to archive it without further processing as it is a duplication of procedures. Furthermore, it is reiterated that no discharge can be made until the respective permit is obtained, since at this moment it is expired. For this reason, you are notified that you may not currently carry out any type of discharge into water bodies as you are not authorized by this Ministry to do so, so you must seek an alternative to the discharge that has the respective permits from the Ministry of Health.” For its part, this same aforementioned technical report establishes the following conclusions: “1.
Regulatory Non-Compliance: The Matadero Santa Rosa establishment has shown persistent non-compliance with environmental regulations related to wastewater discharge. Despite repeated notifications regarding the expiration of its discharge permit and the obligation to comply with the operational reports required by legislation, the submission of said reports corresponding to the years 2023 and 2024 has not been demonstrated. 2. Environmental Contamination: It has been corroborated, through complaints and inspections carried out by officials of the competent authorities, that the slaughterhouse continues to carry out irregular discharges into the Pocosol River, violating the provisions of the Reglamento de Vertido y Reúso de Aguas Residuales (No. 33601). These actions could be generating a negative environmental impact on the aquatic ecosystem and surrounding areas. 3. Deficiencies in the Treatment System: The establishment's wastewater treatment system does not meet the requirements established in current regulations, which implies risks both for public health and for the environment.
Despite the inspection visits, it has been verified that the system requires significant adaptations, including civil works, to guarantee its proper operation and in compliance with the required standards. Possible Infractions in Environmental Protection Areas: in accordance with the criterion issued by SINAC, the establishment is partially located within an environmental protection area, which could constitute an infraction of the land-use regulations in protected zones established in the Ley Forestal, No. 7575.” By virtue of the foregoing, and taking into account the chronology of events, conclusions, and the urgent recommendation by the Ministry of Health in this latest report, it is necessary to issue the administrative resolution based on the regulatory framework binding on matters of the legal protection of the supra-individual right to the environment, where the pro natura and precautionary principles prevail, and where there are apparently sufficient material facts to suggest significant deterioration to the environment, this consequently from what Ley 8495 establishes for our competencies.
Thus, on March 31, 2025, Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025 was issued, where in the POR TANTO Primero— Mr. Nombre01, in his capacity as representative of the Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol establishment, is ordered to comply with the following: The closure of the Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol establishment, with Operation Certificate No. 048971-02, is ordered as of the moment of receiving this notification. Consequently, Operation Certificate No. 048971-02 is suspended. Notification of Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025 is carried out on April 3, 2025, through a meeting held at the Santa Rosa de Pocosol Sub-Cantonal Office. On May 9, 2025, Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-0059-2025 was issued, by which the motion for revocation is declared without merit, and notification of the same was carried out via email on May 13, 2025, sent to the email address ...02. Observing the scenario described, it is necessary to indicate that all the institutions involved in addressing the matter have acted according to their competencies, adhering to the provisions of the legal order and in primary attention to the protection of fundamental principles, with the public interest prevailing. It requests the Chamber to declare the appeal without merit.
Drafted by Magistrate Salazar Alvarado; and,
CONSIDERANDO:
Given that the Head of the Environmental Management Department of the Municipality of San Carlos omitted to submit the report within the deadline set by this Court in the resolution processing this matter, in accordance with Article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, the facts are taken as true as far as those officials are concerned, and the constitutionality of the matter is analyzed based on the other elements provided to the case file.
The appellant alleges that he is the owner of the commercial establishment Matadero Santa Rosa. He points out that on April 10, 2023, a complaint for water contamination was filed before MINAE against said establishment, which mentions: "The slaughterhouse dumps blood and animal viscera into the floodplain of the Pocosol River." He clarifies that SENASA issued Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, dated March 31, 2025, where it indicated that “(…) the waste management system of the Matadero Santa Rosa Pocosol establishment is not being managed efficiently (…) Therefore: 'The closure of the Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol establishment, with Veterinary Operation Certificate No. 048971-02, is ordered (…)”. He requests that the Chamber allow him to carry out commercial activity, since no operating or municipal permit has been revoked, and moreover, he has not been notified of the initiation of due process.
The following relevant facts are deemed duly proven, of importance for the resolution of this appeal:
IV.On the merits. The appellant alleges that he is the owner of the commercial establishment Matadero Santa Rosa. He points out that on April 10, 2023, a complaint for water contamination was filed before MINAE against said establishment, which mentions: "The slaughterhouse dumps blood and animal viscera into the floodplain of the Pocosol River." He clarifies that SENASA issued Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, dated March 31, 2025, where it indicated that “(…) the waste management system of the Matadero Santa Rosa Pocosol establishment is not being managed efficiently (…) Therefore: 'The closure of the Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol establishment, with Veterinary Operation Certificate No. 048971-02, is ordered (…)”. He requests that the Chamber allow him to carry out commercial activity, since no operating or municipal permit has been revoked, and moreover, he has not been notified of the initiation of due process.
In this regard, the Chamber finds it proven that on May 9, 2025, through official letter CARTA-SINAC-ACAHN-DR-SCH-0571-2025, SINAC filed a formal complaint before the Public Prosecutor's Office for the crime of invasion of a River Protection Area, against the Matadero Santa Rosa. The Matadero Santa Rosa does not have a valid discharge permit from the MINAE Water Directorate. At the time of the site visit by MINAE Water Directorate officials on October 4, 2024, the discharge permit was expired as of that date. The appellant's establishment does not have the Operations and Maintenance Manual available to the operator, does not have the Operations and Maintenance Manual implemented or does not have one, each component of the Wastewater Treatment System is not visibly labeled, does not have a flow meter at the inlet and outlet with sampling ports for the Wastewater Treatment System, does not have the following equipment for operational control: Tools, vehicles, reagents, measurement equipment for pH, temperature, and settleable solids, and in the case of aerobic treatment systems for ordinary waters, a dissolved oxygen meter, does not have a washing sink and a table to place analytical measurement equipment and instruments, the final disposal of biosolids is unknown, whether they are disposed of in sanitary landfills or, in the case of agricultural activities, ordinary and special biosolids are used as soil conditioners.
The company Matadero Santa Rosa has not complied with the provisions of current and binding legislation on wastewater, sludge, and biosolids. The treatment system requires adaptations to comply with current regulations. The Operational Reports on Sludge and Biosolids and the Operational Reports on Wastewater have not been submitted to the Santa Rosa de Pocosol Health Governing Area of the Ministry of Health, failing to comply with the provisions of the Reglamento de Vertido y Reuso de Aguas Residuales. It is essential to carry out civil works to improve the conditions of the treatment system, including the placement of secure covers on grease traps and retention tanks, the waterproofing and correction of the shape of the treatment lagoon. In Technical Report No. MS-DRRSHN-DARSSRP-ERS-IT-080-2025 of February 17, 2025, the Santa Rosa Health Governing Area of the Ministry of Health indicates that: “The establishment's wastewater treatment system does not meet the requirements established in current regulations, which implies risks both for public health and for the environment.” The reported establishment did not submit operational reports on wastewater throughout the year 2023 and the first half of 2024, and likewise did not submit operational reports on sludge and biosolids during the 2023 and 2024 period; instruments or mechanisms that allow verification of compliance with current legislation.
The Ministry of Health is unable to request improvements on the site because it is in a protection zone. On October 7, 2024, a request for a new discharge file was received, filed by the appellant, where the generating entity is indicated as Matadero Santa Rosa. As is evident from the observations made during the field visit carried out and the records held by the Santa Rosa de Pocosol Health Governing Area, non-compliance with current legislation on this matter by the interested parties has been verified, a situation that was duly reported to SENASA as the competent entity. Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025 orders the closure of the establishment in question and suspends the Veterinary Operation Certificate, a situation that disables the development of the activity, according to its competencies. Given this panorama, it is clear that the operation of the Matadero Santa Rosa establishment fails to comply with a series of requirements that this Chamber cannot overlook.
In addition to the fundamental rights invoked by the appellant in his amparo, this Court is also called to protect the right enshrined in numeral 50 of the Political Constitution. And precisely all the actions of the respondent authorities have been directed at protecting this right, as the operation of the slaughterhouse has serious deficiencies in several aspects, and a criminal complaint has even been filed before the Public Prosecutor's Office for alleged invasion of the protected area of the Pocosol River. Although the appellant assures that his commercial business has its municipal business license up to date (a fact confirmed by the respondent Mayor), it is no less true that said premises must also comply with the other legal requirements in order to authorize its operation. As seen above, by Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, SENASA ordered the closure of the establishment in question and suspended the Veterinary Operation Certificate, a situation that disables the development of the activity.
For this reason, the Chamber cannot intervene or intercede in favor of the petitioner to re-enable his commercial activity (which is precisely the purpose of this amparo), since the competent public bodies regulating his commercial activity have determined, based on various field visits, technical reports, and administrative resolutions, that the appellant has failed to comply with serious and important operational aspects, putting the right to the environment and health at risk. Such an issue cannot be ignored by this Court. Finally, regarding the allegation of due process, the Chamber notes that the ordered closure was not sudden, since as of October 2024 the MINAE Water Directorate determined that the discharge permit was expired as of that date, and the appellant re-applied for said permit, and a new file was opened for this purpose. In addition to this, as of February 17, 2025, the Santa Rosa Health Governing Area of the Ministry of Health determined that: “The establishment's wastewater treatment system does not meet the requirements established in current regulations, which implies risks both for public health and for the environment.” Likewise, the respondents explain that the reported establishment did not submit operational reports on wastewater throughout the year 2023 and the first half of 2024, and likewise did not submit operational reports on sludge and biosolids during the 2023 and 2024 period; instruments or mechanisms that allow verification of compliance with current legislation.
Thus, for months, the petitioner has been aware of the deficiencies of his commercial business, which have been pointed out by the various public offices handling his case (MINAE Water Directorate, SENASA, and Ministry of Health), and he cannot now allege that Resolution No. SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, issued by SENASA, which ordered the closure of the establishment in question and suspended the Veterinary Operation Certificate, was sudden or harmful to due process. Ergo, for the reasons stated, the dismissal of the amparo is appropriate.
This Chamber must warn the parties that, if they have provided any paper documents, as well as objects or evidence supported by any additional device, or by electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic means or produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a period of 30 working days after receiving notification of this judgment; otherwise, all of it will be destroyed in accordance with the provisions of the “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial”, approved by the Corte Plena in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in Boletín Judicial No. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
The appeal is declared without merit.
Fernando Cruz C. Presidente a.i Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Ronald Salazar Murillo Alejandro Delgado F.
FILE No. 25-012033-0007-CO Telephones: Telf02/ ALA-4TA (Telf03). Fax: Telf04 / Telf05. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección02, Dirección03, 100 mts.
South of the church of Perpetuo Socorro).
(This document is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 08-05-2026 10:34:45.
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las diez horas quince minutos del seis de junio de dos mil veinticinco .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente número 25-012033-0007-CO, interpuesto por Nombre01, cédula de identidad CED05, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN CARLOS, EL MINISTERIO DE SALUD, EL SERVICIO NACIONAL DE SALUD ANIMAL (SENASA), EL MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA (MINAE).
RESULTANDO:
Redacta el Magistrado Salazar Alvarado; y,
CONSIDERANDO:
En vista de que el Jefe del Departamento de Gestión Ambiental de la Municipalidad de San Carlos omitió rendir el informe dentro del plazo fijado por este Tribunal en la resolución de curso de este asunto, de conformidad con el artículo 45, de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se tienen por ciertos los hechos en lo que a esos funcionarios atañe y se procede a analizar la constitucionalidad del asunto con base en los demás elementos aportados a los autos.
La parte recurrente alega que es propietario del establecimiento comercial Matadero Santa Rosa. Señala que el 10 de abril de 2023, se presentó ante el MINAE una denuncia por contaminación de aguas contra dicho establecimiento, en donde se menciona: "El matadero tira la sangre y vísceras de animales a la vega del río Pocosol". Aclara que el SENASA emitió la Resolución N° SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, de fecha 31 de marzo de 2025, donde indicó que “(…) el sistema de manejo de desechos del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa Pocosol no está siendo manejado de manera eficiente (…) Por lo que: "Se ordena el cierre del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol, con Certificado Veterinario de Operación N° 048971-02 (…)”. Solicita a la Sala que pueda ejercer la actividad comercial, toda vez que no se ha revocado ningún permiso de funcionamiento o municipal, además que no ha sido notificado el inicio de un debido proceso.
De importancia para la resolución del presente recurso, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos de relevancia:
m)Según se desprende de las observaciones realizadas en la visita en campo efectuada, y los registros que posee el Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Rosa de Pocosol se ha verificado el incumplimiento de la legislación vigente en esa materia por parte de los interesados, situación que fue debidamente informada a SENASA como ente competente (ver informe rendido bajo juramento por el Ministerio de Salud).
IV.Sobre el fondo. La parte recurrente alega que es propietario del establecimiento comercial Matadero Santa Rosa. Señala que el 10 de abril de 2023, se presentó ante el MINAE una denuncia por contaminación de aguas contra dicho establecimiento, en donde se menciona: "El matadero tira la sangre y vísceras de animales a la vega del río Pocosol". Aclara que el SENASA emitió la Resolución N° SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, de fecha 31 de marzo de 2025, donde indicó que “(…) el sistema de manejo de desechos del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa Pocosol no está siendo manejado de manera eficiente (…) Por lo que: "Se ordena el cierre del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa de Pocosol, con Certificado Veterinario de Operación N° 048971-02 (…)”. Solicita a la Sala que pueda ejercer la actividad comercial, toda vez que no se ha revocado ningún permiso de funcionamiento o municipal, además que no ha sido notificado el inicio de un debido proceso.
Al respecto, la Sala tiene por demostrado que en fecha 09 de mayo de 2025, mediante oficio CARTA-SINAC-ACAHN-DR-SCH-0571-2025, el SINAC interpone formal denuncia ante el Ministerio Público, por el delito de invasión a Área de Protección del Río, en contra del Matadero Santa Rosa. El Matadero Santa Rosa no cuenta con permiso de vertido vigente por parte de la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE. Al momento de realizarse la visita al lugar por parte de los funcionarios de la Dirección de Agua del MINAE, en fecha 4 de octubre del 2024, a esa fecha el permiso de vertido se encontraba vencido. El establecimiento del recurrente no cuenta con el Manual de Operación y Mantenimiento a disposición del operador, no cuenta con el Manual de Operación y Mantenimiento implementado o no tiene, cada componente del Sistema de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales no se encuentra rotulado de manera visible, no cuenta con medidor de caudal a la entrada y salida con toma de muestras del Sistema de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales, no cuentan con el siguiente equipo para control operacional: Herramientas, vehículos, reactivos, equipo de medición para pH, temperatura y sólidos sedimentables y en el caso de sistemas aeróbicos de tratamiento de aguas ordinarias, un medidor de oxígeno disuelto, no cuentan con una pileta de lavado y una mesa para ubicar equipos e instrumentos de medición analítica, se desconoce la disposición final de los biosólidos, si se disponen en rellenos sanitarios o bien, para el caso de actividades agropecuarias los biosólidos ordinarios y especiales son utilizados como acondicionadores de suelos.
La Empresa Matadero Santa Rosa no ha cumplido con lo dispuesto en la legislación vigente y vinculante en materia de aguas residuales, lodos y biosólidos. El sistema de tratamiento requiere de adecuaciones para cumplir con la normativa vigente. No se han presentado al Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Rosa de Pocosol del Ministerio de Salud, los Reportes Operacionales de Lodos y Biosólidos y los Reportes Operacionales de Aguas Residuales, incumpliendo con lo establecido en el Reglamento de Vertido y Reuso de Aguas Residuales. Es indispensable realizar obras civiles para mejorar las condiciones del sistema de tratamiento, incluyendo la colocación de tapas seguras en las trampas de grasa y tanques de retención, la impermeabilización y corrección de la forma de la laguna de tratamiento. En Informe técnico N° MS-DRRSHN-DARSSRP-ERS-IT-080-2025 de 17 de febrero del 2025, el Área Rectora de Salud Santa Rosa del Ministerio de Salud indica que: “El sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales del establecimiento no cumple con los requisitos establecidos en la normativa vigente, lo que implica riesgos tanto para la salud pública como para el medio ambiente”.
El establecimiento denunciado no presentó reportes operacionales de aguas residuales durante todo el año 2023 y el primer semestre del año 2024, asimismo no presentó reportes operacionales de lodos y biosólidos durante el periodo 2023 y 2024; instrumentos o mecanismos que permiten verificar el cumplimiento de la legislación vigente. El Ministerio de Salud está imposibilitado a solicitar mejoras en el sitio por estar en zona de protección. El 07 de octubre del 2024 se recibe la solicitud de un nuevo expediente de vertido solicitado por el recurrente, donde se indica como ente generador Matadero Santa Rosa. Según se desprende de las observaciones realizadas en la visita en campo efectuada, y los registros que posee el Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Rosa de Pocosol se ha verificado el incumplimiento de la legislación vigente en esa materia por parte de los interesados, situación que fue debidamente informada a SENASA como ente competente.
La Resolución N° SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025 ordena el cierre del establecimiento en cuestión y suspende el Certificado Veterinario de Operación, situación que inhabilita el desarrollo de la actividad, según sus competencias. Ante este panorama, es claro que el funcionamiento del establecimiento Matadero Santa Rosa incumple con una serie de requisitos que esta Sala no puede pasar por alto. Además de los derechos fundamentales invocados por el recurrente en su amparo, este Tribunal se encuentra también llamado a tutelar el derecho consagrado en el numeral 50 de la Constitución Política. Y justamente todas las actuaciones de las autoridades recurridas se han dirigido a proteger este derecho, pues el funcionamiento del matadero tiene serias deficiencias en varios aspectos, siendo que incluso se ha presentado una denuncia penal ante el Ministerio Público por supuesta invasión al área protegida del río Pocosol.
Si bien el recurrente asegura que su negocio comercial cuenta con la patente municipal al día (aspecto que confirma el Alcalde recurrido), no menos cierto es que dicho local también debe cumplir con los demás requerimientos legales para poder autorizar su funcionamiento. Como se vio líneas arriba, por Resolución N° SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, el SENASA ordenó el cierre del establecimiento en cuestión y suspendió el Certificado Veterinario de Operación, situación que inhabilita el desarrollo de la actividad. Por este motivo, la Sala no puede intervenir o interceder a favor del promovente para que se habilite nuevamente su actividad comercial (que es precisamente el objeto del presente amparo), ya que los órganos públicos competentes para regular su actividad comercial han determinado, con base en diversas visitas de campo, informes técnicos, y resoluciones administrativas, que el recurrente ha incumplido aspectos serios e importantes del funcionamiento, poniendo en riesgo el derecho al ambiente y a la salud.
Tal cuestión no puede ser obviada por este Tribunal. Finalmente, en relación con el alegato del debido proceso, la Sala aprecia que el cierre ordenado no fue intempestivo, pues desde el mes de octubre del año 2024 la Dirección de Agua del MINAE determinó que a esa fecha el permiso de vertido se encontraba vencido, siendo que el recurrente gestionó nuevamente dicho permiso, y se abrió un nuevo expediente para ello. Aunado a ello, desde el 17 de febrero del 2025, el Área Rectora de Salud Santa Rosa del Ministerio de Salud determinó que: “El sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales del establecimiento no cumple con los requisitos establecidos en la normativa vigente, lo que implica riesgos tanto para la salud pública como para el medio ambiente”. Asimismo, los recurridos explican que el establecimiento denunciado no presentó reportes operacionales de aguas residuales durante todo el año 2023 y el primer semestre del año 2024, asimismo no presentó reportes operacionales de lodos y biosólidos durante el periodo 2023 y 2024; instrumentos o mecanismos que permiten verificar el cumplimiento de la legislación vigente.
Así las cosas, desde meses atrás, el promovente ha tenido conocimiento de las deficiencias que tiene su negocio comercial, mismas que han sido señaladas por las diversas oficinas públicas que atienden su caso (Dirección de Aguas del MINAE, SENASA, y Ministerio de Salud), sin que ahora pueda alegar que la Resolución N° SENASA-DRHN-R043-2025, emitida por el SENASA, en la cual se ordenó el cierre del establecimiento en cuestión y suspendió el Certificado Veterinario de Operación, haya sido intempestiva o lesiva al debido proceso. Ergo, por las razones expuestas, procede la desestimatoria del amparo.
Debe prevenir esta Sala a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documentos en papel, así como objetos o pruebas respaldadas por medio de cualquier dispositivo adicional, o por medio de soporte electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo de 30 días hábiles después de recibida la notificación de esta sentencia, de lo contrario todo ello será destruido de conformidad con lo establecido en el “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial”, aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N°27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en Boletín Judicial N°19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N°43-12 celebrada el 03 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso.- Fernando Cruz C.
Presidente a.i Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Ronald Salazar Murillo Alejandro Delgado F.
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