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Res. 37715-2024 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 20/12/2024
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber ordered AyA to complete within six months the report and action plan needed to continue the sanitation projects, while denying the remaining claims as premature, matters of ordinary legality, or outside the right of petition.La Sala ordenó al AyA finalizar en seis meses el informe y plan de acción para dar continuidad a los proyectos de saneamiento, y rechazó los demás reclamos por ser prematuros, de legalidad ordinaria o ajenos al derecho de petición.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber partially granted an amparo against the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers because of its delay in preparing the report and action plan needed to determine the continuity of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project. Although the project is being implemented in stages and is scheduled for completion in 2028, the Chamber found uncertainty about its continuation because AyA acknowledged financial obstacles and provided no definite date for completing the document that would guide institutional decisions. Given the project’s environmental and public-health importance under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Chamber ordered AyA’s Executive Presidency and General Management to finish the document and action plan within six months. It rejected claims seeking enforcement of administrative board decisions and Comptroller General directives because they involved ordinary legality or were premature. It also held that the request for a meeting was not protected by the constitutional right of petition.La Sala Constitucional declaró parcialmente con lugar el amparo contra el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados por la demora en elaborar el informe y plan de acción necesarios para decidir la continuidad del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José. Aunque el proyecto se ejecuta por etapas y está previsto que concluya en 2028, la Sala advirtió incertidumbre sobre su continuación debido a obstáculos financieros reconocidos por el AyA y a la ausencia de una fecha cierta para terminar el documento que orientaría las decisiones institucionales. Por la relevancia sanitaria y ambiental del proyecto bajo el artículo 50 constitucional, ordenó a la Presidencia Ejecutiva y la Gerencia General finalizar ese documento y el plan de acción en seis meses. Rechazó los reclamos dirigidos a exigir acuerdos administrativos y disposiciones de la Contraloría, por ser cuestiones de legalidad ordinaria o prematuras, y descartó que la solicitud de audiencia estuviera protegida por el derecho de petición.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in view of the information provided by the respondent authority and given the importance of the project in question under Article 50 of the Constitution, this Chamber considers that uncertainty exists regarding how the project’s development will continue, given the financial obstacles acknowledged by the respondent Institute itself, which have created the need to prepare a report on the status of the projects in order to establish the decisions to be made concerning them. Nevertheless, the report submitted to this Chamber does not indicate a definite date for completing the document referenced by the respondent authority that would make it possible to consider that implementation of the project will not suffer further setbacks despite the situation described. Accordingly, this portion of the amparo must be granted on the terms stated in the operative section. The amparo is partially granted, solely because of the delay in preparing the senior administration’s report on the status of the projects, on the basis of which the measures necessary to ensure their continuity will be adopted. Juan Manuel Quesada Espinoza, Executive President, and María Alejandra Mora Segura, General Manager, both of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, or whoever holds those offices, are ordered, within the scope of their authority, to issue the necessary orders and undertake the corresponding actions and coordination so that, within SIX MONTHS from notification of this judgment, they complete the document and action plan reported to this Chamber.Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, visto lo informado por la autoridad recurrida y dada la relevancia del proyecto en cuestión conforme lo dispuesto en el numeral 50 constitucional, estima esta Sala que existe una incertidumbre respecto a la forma en que se continuará con el desarrollo del proyecto, dados los obstáculos financieros que el mismo Instituto recurrido admite y que han llevado a la necesidad de la elaboración de un informe con el estado de los proyectos, con el fin de establecer la toma de decisiones respecto a estos; sin embargo, no se extrae del informe rendido a esta Sala, que exista una fecha cierta para la finalización de la confección del documento al cual hace referencia la autoridad accionada y que permita, considerar que la ejecución del proyecto no sufrirá mayores contratiempos pese a la situación expuesta. Por lo anterior, este extremo del recurso debe acogerse en los términos que se indican en la parte dispositiva. Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, únicamente por la demora en la elaboración del informe de la administración superior con el estado de los proyectos, con base en el cual se adoptarán las medidas necesarias para darles continuidad. Se ordena a Juan Manuel Quesada Espinoza, presidente ejecutivo y a María Alejandra Mora Segura, gerente general, ambos del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, o a quienes en sus lugares ejerzan dichos cargos, que dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, giren las órdenes necesarias, realicen las acciones y coordinaciones que correspondan, para que en el plazo de SEIS MESES, contados a partir de la notificación de esta resolución, finalicen la elaboración del documento y plan de acción que se informa a esta Sala.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Aunado a lo anterior, se verifica que el proyecto en cuestión se ha venido desarrollando por etapas y se encuentra programado para finalizarse en el año 2028, de ahí que, el reclamo del accionante devendría de prematuro pues se basa en hechos futuros e inciertos."
"Furthermore, it is established that the project has been developed in stages and is scheduled for completion in 2028; consequently, the petitioner’s claim is premature because it is based on future and uncertain events."
Considerando V
"Aunado a lo anterior, se verifica que el proyecto en cuestión se ha venido desarrollando por etapas y se encuentra programado para finalizarse en el año 2028, de ahí que, el reclamo del accionante devendría de prematuro pues se basa en hechos futuros e inciertos."
Considerando V
"La falta de ejecución de acuerdos adoptados por la autoridad recurrida, así como el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones emitidas por la Contraloría General de la República, son reclamos que deben ser planteados ante esas mismas instancias o bien, ante la vía de legalidad competente, por tratarse de aspectos de legalidad ordinaria no dirimibles en esta sede constitucional."
"Claims concerning the failure to implement decisions adopted by the respondent authority, as well as compliance with recommendations issued by the Comptroller General of the Republic, must be brought before those same bodies or through the competent ordinary legal proceedings, because they concern matters of ordinary legality that cannot be decided in this constitutional jurisdiction."
Considerando V
"La falta de ejecución de acuerdos adoptados por la autoridad recurrida, así como el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones emitidas por la Contraloría General de la República, son reclamos que deben ser planteados ante esas mismas instancias o bien, ante la vía de legalidad competente, por tratarse de aspectos de legalidad ordinaria no dirimibles en esta sede constitucional."
Considerando V
"La solicitud de audiencia ante la recurrida para tratar determinados temas -como en este caso- no se ajusta al contenido del derecho de petición y pronta resolución regulados por los artículos 27 y 41, de la Constitución Política."
"A request for a meeting with the respondent to discuss particular matters—as in this case—does not fall within the right of petition and prompt resolution governed by Articles 27 and 41 of the Constitution."
Considerando VI
"La solicitud de audiencia ante la recurrida para tratar determinados temas -como en este caso- no se ajusta al contenido del derecho de petición y pronta resolución regulados por los artículos 27 y 41, de la Constitución Política."
Considerando VI
"Se condena al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo."
"The Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers is ordered to pay the costs and damages caused by the facts underlying this ruling, which shall be assessed during enforcement proceedings before the administrative litigation jurisdiction."
Por tanto
"Se condena al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo."
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
Document Review Case File: 24-023521-0007-CO Decision No. 2024037715 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine thirty a.m. on December twentieth, two thousand twenty-four.
Amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo) processed under case file No. 24-023521- 0007-CO, filed by [Name 001], identity card [Value 001], against the INSTITUTO COSTARRICENSE DE ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS.
Findings of Fact:
It states that construction of the Transfer Tunnel was completed in enero 2016, and on 14 de diciembre de 2016 the María Aguilar sewer connection was completed, making it possible for the first time to treat wastewater (aguas residuales) from the southern sector of San José at the "Los Tajos" Wastewater Treatment Plant, which had previously been discharged into the río María Aguilar. It adds that, in 2016, the full ¥15,001.000.000,00 approved under Ley 8559 was committed to works under the San José Metropolitan Area Improvement Project, and these funds were fully disbursed by the PAPS Executing Unit in marzo del 2020, after which Loan Agreement CR-P4, entered into by the Gobierno de Costa Rica and the Banco Japonés para la Cooperación Internacional (JBIC, its acronym in English), now the Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Japón (JICA, its acronym in English), was closed out. It indicates that, through official letter PRE-2017-00968 dated 22 de setiembre del 2017, the Executive Presidency of AyA submitted to the Unidad de Administración de los Servicios de Salud en Ambiente Humano del Ministerio de Salud information regarding the steps taken by AyA in connection with the investments to be made over the following 8 years in order to provide secondary treatment at the Planta de Tratamiento Los Tajos by 2025.
It states that, in 2018, the full US$73 millones approved in Loan Agreement 2493/OC/CR and the US$20 millones under the Grant Agreement, both provided for in Ley 9167, were committed to works under the Drinking Water and Sanitation Program, and these funds were fully disbursed by the PAPS Executing Unit by julio del 2024, after which Loan Agreement 2493/OC/CR, entered into between the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) and the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), was closed out. It states that, in 2020, the full US$75 millones approved under the loan agreement with the Banco Nacional was committed to works under the San José Metropolitan Area Improvement Project, and these funds are expected to be fully disbursed by the end of 2024. It adds that Agreement No. 2020-52 dated 18 de febrero del 2020, adopted by the Board of Directors of AyA at Ordinary Session No. 2020-09, approved the "Updated Costs of Project 000043, Environmental Improvement of the San José Metropolitan Area," and its recitals included the following: "TENTH.
That the necessary financial analyses have been conducted in the Updated Feasibility Study for the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project, which proposes new financing in the amount of US $140.0 millones and a matching contribution of $68.70 millones. ELEVENTH. That the financial studies show that the Metropolitan Area Sanitary Sewerage System has the financial capacity to repay the new loan under the rate levels currently in effect and approved for the years 2019,2020 y 2021, generating a positive net present value and an internal rate of return exceeding the hurdle rate established by MIDEPLAN for the evaluation of Public Investment Projects. TWELFTH. That, because the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project is comprehensive, the consequences of failing to secure financing for the remaining works would be catastrophic, since, after hundreds of millions of dollars had been invested, the project objectives included in the Plan Nacional de Desarrollo would not be achieved; wastewater would continue to be discharged directly into rivers, adversely affecting the environment and the health of residents; and the installed capacity of the Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Los Tajos would be underutilized, to the detriment of the effectiveness and reasonableness of the public investment." It indicates that, based on the foregoing, the Board of Directors of ICAA set forth the following points as its Por Tanto: "POR TANTO a. The updated cost of Project 000043, Environmental Improvement of the San José Metropolitan Area, is approved in the amount of USD $502,22 millones de dólares, together with an increase in its financing through a $140 millones loan. b. The head of the institution is authorized to negotiate and formalize financing in the amount of $140 millones de dólares through public borrowing and is empowered to undertake the necessary procedures before government entities for approval of the project and the respective financing indicated above. c. The Administration is delegated responsibility for verifying compliance with the legal and technical provisions arising from national legislation that apply to the Instituto in negotiations for financing from either domestic or external entities." It states that, through Report DFOE-AE-IF-00009- 2020 dated 2 de diciembre de 2020, the Contraloría General de la República instructed the Executive Presidency of AyA as follows in provision 4.5: "4.5 Establish and implement a strategy to address the collapses identified in this report, as well as the works required to connect the networks that remain unused because they are isolated from the system, and future actions for the development of Stage II of the Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Residual Los Tajos (biological processes), including, at a minimum, the actions to be implemented in each case, their priority level, an implementation schedule, and the parties responsible." It states that, through official letter PRE-PAPS-2021-00452 dated 14 de abril del 2021, the Executive Presidency of AyA submitted to the Contraloría General de la República a progress report on compliance with provision 4.5 of Report DFOE-AE-IF-00009- 2020, "Operational Audit Report on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of AyA’s Provision of Wastewater Sanitation Services," in which AyA committed to a schedule for formalizing the financing, as well as for commencing and completing the works that would make it possible to interconnect all pipelines already installed and those to be installed in the coming years, during the 2021 al 2026 period.
It adds that, for its part, a Public-Private Partnership was proposed for the development of Stage II of the Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Residual Los Tajos. It indicates that Agreement No. 2022-263 dated 31 de marzo del 2022, adopted by the Board of Directors of AyA at Ordinary Session No. 2022-29, approved the "Feasibility Study for the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project," and its recitals included the following: "FIFTH: The feasibility study demonstrates that the Metropolitan Area Sanitary Sewerage System has the financial capacity to repay the new loan under the current rate level, generating a positive net present value and an internal rate of return exceeding the hurdle rate established by MIDEPLAN for evaluating Public Investment Projects. SIXTH: That, because the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project is comprehensive, failure to secure financing for the remaining works would jeopardize the Project’s original scope, since, after hundreds of millions of dollars had been invested, the objectives included in the Plan Nacional de Desarrollo would not be achieved; wastewater would continue to be discharged directly into rivers, adversely affecting the environment and the health of residents; and the installed capacity of the Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Los Tajos would be underutilized, to the detriment of the effectiveness and reasonableness of the public investment." It states that, based on the foregoing, the Board of Directors of ICAA set forth the following points as its Por Tanto: "POR TANTO 1.
The updated cost of Project 000043, Environmental Improvement of the San José Metropolitan Area, is approved in the amount of US$506.75 millones, as is the extension of its completion date to 2028. 2. The Planning Directorate is instructed to resume discussions concerning the new US$140 millones financing with the Banco Nacional de Costa Rica and to assess suitable options for financing the remaining amount of US$74.55 millones. Furthermore, the head of the institution is authorized to negotiate and formalize financing in the amount of US$140 millones de dólares through public borrowing and is empowered to undertake the necessary procedures before government entities for approval of the project and the respective financing indicated above. 3. The Administration is delegated responsibility for verifying compliance with the legal and technical provisions arising from national legislation that apply to the Instituto in negotiations for financing from either domestic or external entities. 4.
The General Management is instructed, in coordination with the Management of the Executing Unit of the Drinking Water and Sanitation Program, to submit to this Office, within one month, a follow-up and monitoring proposal ensuring that Project 000043, Environmental Improvement of the San José Metropolitan Area, will be completed in 2028 with no possibility of extension." It states that Agreement No. 2022-565 dated 06 de diciembre de 2022, adopted by the Board of Directors of AyA at Ordinary Session No. 2022-61, approved the "Supplement to the Financial Structuring of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project," setting forth the following points as its Por Tanto: "POR TANTO 1. The updated cost of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project (000043) is approved in the amount of USD $506.75 millones, together with the financial projections supporting it. 2.
The head of the institution is authorized to negotiate and formalize the following financing arrangements: a loan with the Banco Nacional de Costa Rica in an amount equivalent to USD $140.00 millones and another loan with the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo in the amount of USD $60.00 millones, and is empowered to undertake the necessary procedures before government entities. 3. The Administration is delegated responsibility for verifying compliance with the legal and technical provisions arising from national legislation that apply to the Instituto in negotiations for domestic or external financing. 4. The General Management, Project Executing Unit, and Subgerencia de Gestión de Sistemas GAM are instructed to establish a joint work program ensuring that the new services are connected and incorporated into the commercial system in a timely manner. 5. The General Management is instructed, jointly with the Subgerencias de Gestión de Sistemas GAM y Periféricos, Unidad Ejecutora del Proyecto RANC, and the Rates Unit, to formulate a comprehensive program for improving service metering, billing, and collection, so as to increase institutional revenues and facilitate the processing of rate studies before the regulatory authority." It adds that, in official letter BEI-089-2023 dated 23 de marzo de 2023, the Syndicated Loan Offer was presented to AyA for due execution, with a validity period of 60 días naturales.
It indicates that, between 2020 al 2024, the PAPS Executing Unit of AyA carried out the works necessary to address the 12 collapses assigned to it pursuant to provision 4.5 of Report DFOE-AE-IF00009-2020 dated 2 de diciembre de 2020, issued by the Contraloría General de la República. It states that, between 2021 al 2024, the PAPS Executing Unit of AyA constructed works to expand drinking-water supply systems (acueductos de agua potable) in the following locations: - Santa Fe de Los Chiles. - Santa Rosa de Pocosol.
- El Llano de Alajuelita. - San José de Upala. - La Carpio de San José. - Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí - Santa Lucía de Upala. He states that between 2019 and 2023, AyA’s PAPS Implementing Unit carried out more than US$200 million in works under the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project and the Drinking Water and Sanitation Program, with annual budget execution reaching 90% in 2023; whereas, during that same period, AyA’s other Deputy Management Offices and Units executed US$260 million in other projects, with annual execution averaging no more than 45%. He adds that between 2015 and 2024, AyA’s PAPS Implementing Unit acquired and established more than 1100 properties and easements (servidumbres) for the works of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project and the Drinking Water and Sanitation Program, and, to date, 698 correspond to works for which financing has not been formalized.
He states that although the financing was approved by AyA’s Board of Directors and the Executive Presidency of AyA was ordered to formalize it, at a meeting held on June 4, 2024, with the AyA Professionals’ Union, and as communicated by email dated June 13, 2024, AyA’s Executive President reported that the PAPS Implementing Unit would be closed in December 2024 because the program did not have 250 million dollars to continue. He states that, by official letter SITRAA 2024-0097 dated June 27, 2024, the AyA Workers’ Union conveyed to AyA’s Senior Administration its concern regarding the harm that would be caused by closing the PAPS Implementing Unit, requesting disclosure of the Board of Directors’ resolutions approving the project’s termination, formal notice of the closure, the creation of an opportunity for a meeting with members of the Board of Directors, the Executive Presidency, the General Management, Human Capital, and all workers of the PAPS Unit so that the Administration could provide answers in this regard, and a detailed report on what would happen to that Unit.
He states that the only response provided by AyA’s Senior Administration was an email dated July 22, 2024, indicating that the matter was under review. He adds that, to date, the questions raised remain unanswered. He states that, in official letter 12356 (DFOE-SEM-1340) dated August 05, 2024, the Comptroller General of the Republic sent AyA’s Executive President a request for information, warning that compliance with provision 4.5 of report N.º DFOE-AE-IF-00009-2020 was mandatory due to repeated failures to fulfill commitments established in 2021, stating: “As part of the monitoring process conducted by this Office of the Comptroller General, the progress made toward compliance with the aforementioned provision was verified in order to confirm that the actions taken by the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) address what was ordered by this Office of the Comptroller General.
In this regard, the following has been determined: In February 2021, the Administration prepared the document entitled ‘AYA / UE PAPS / DRYT COLLAPSE RESPONSE STRATEGY 2021 - 2024,’ which proposed that 11 collapses (colapsos) would be addressed by the Collection and Treatment Directorate (DRyT) and the remaining 12 by the Drinking Water and Sanitation Program Implementing Unit (PAPS). With regard to the collapses assigned to PAPS, it was observed that they remain within the compliance deadline; however, for the collapses that are the responsibility of DRyT and have not yet been resolved, their compliance deadlines have expired and have not been rescheduled; furthermore, in view of the potential dissolution 2 of PAPS, no measures have been defined to complete the response to the collapses assigned to that Unit. Likewise, with regard to the works required to connect the networks (redes) that remain unused because they are isolated from the system, in February 2021 the Institute prepared the document entitled ‘STRATEGY FOR ADDRESSING PIPELINE SECTIONS INSTALLED BY UE PAPS AND NOT IN USE 2021 - 2026.’ For this strategy, according to the progress reported by the Administration, some works still lack financing, and one work under construction was identified whose completion date has expired.
Furthermore, with respect to the development of Stage II of the Los Tajos Wastewater Treatment Plant (Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Residual Los Tajos) (biological processes), in May 2023 the Administration prepared the document entitled ‘LOS TAJOS WWTP INTERMEDIATE STAGE PROJECT CONCEPT.’ According to the information reported by AyA, as of the time of this verification, the Institution continues working on the pre-investment documents, is currently preparing the pre-feasibility study, and expects to have the feasibility study in 2025. It is also noteworthy that, since the preparation of the cited document ‘LOS TAJOS WWTP INTERMEDIATE STAGE PROJECT CONCEPT,’ the Administration stated that ‘AyA has registered project 001982, “Expansion to Include Biological Treatment of Wastewater at the Los Tajos WWTP, San José Metropolitan Area,” in MIDEPLAN’s Public Investment Project Bank, where it is currently suspended pending timely reactivation as the process now being initiated with this Project Concept document advances.’; and a query of the Public Investment Project Bank (BPIP) showed that the project remains in that status.
Accordingly, it was determined that AyA has not yet defined future actions for the development of Stage II of the Los Tajos WWTP, as required by the cited provision, that would allow it to activate that project. Based on the foregoing, it has been determined that, to date, the actions taken by the Administration do not remedy the deficiencies identified in the audit report; therefore: ? The ‘AYA / UE PAPS / DRYT COLLAPSE RESPONSE STRATEGY 2021 - 2024’ must be reviewed and updated with respect to the actions to be taken, compliance deadlines, priority level, and responsible parties. In addition, the necessary measures must be taken concerning the collapses that might not be addressed by the PAPS Unit if that Unit is dissolved. ? The ‘STRATEGY FOR ADDRESSING PIPELINE SECTIONS INSTALLED BY UE PAPS AND NOT IN USE 2021 - 2026’ must be reviewed and updated with respect to the actions to be taken, compliance deadlines, priority level, and responsible parties.
In addition, actions must be defined to complete the works that still lack financing. ? Future actions must be established that include compliance deadlines, priority level, and responsible parties for the development of Stage II of the Los Tajos Wastewater Treatment Plant (biological processes), as required by the cited provision, and the necessary measures must be taken to activate that project. In light of the foregoing, I hereby request that, no later than September 02, 2024, you address the matters identified in this official letter and, where appropriate, adopt the corresponding measures to ensure full compliance with provision 4.5 by remedying the situation identified by this Office of the Comptroller General during its progress verification, as well as the findings communicated in the report referenced herein. Finally, the Executive Presidency is hereby advised that, pursuant to Articles 12 of the Organic Law of the Office of the Comptroller General and 12 of the General Law on Internal Control, the provisions issued by this Oversight Body are mandatory, and the public officials to whom such orders are addressed are responsible for ensuring their full compliance at all times and within the deadlines established for that purpose; failure to comply with these provisions could expose their recipients to administrative sanctions in accordance with the legal system.” He states that, to date, AyA’s Executive President and General Manager have failed to comply with the mandates of Laws 8559 and 9167, with ruling 2007-05894 of the Constitutional Chamber, and with the orders issued by AyA’s Board of Directors and the Comptroller General of the Republic, because the former has not executed the financing approved in the aforementioned resolutions to ensure the continuity of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project and the Drinking Water and Sanitation Program, while the latter has not ensured completion of the Project by 2028 as ordered.
He states that, contrary to its obligations, in 2023 the Institution allowed the 140 million dollar financing offer from Banca Nacional, approved in Board of Directors Resolution 2022-565, to expire, and in 2024 it announced that the Unit responsible for implementing the Project would be closed because it lacked the resources needed to continue the Project. He adds that it is important to note that this is the third financing arrangement that the current AyA administration has allowed to expire, since in 2022 it allowed financing of nearly 400 million dollars from BCIE for the Orosi II Project to expire (addressed in Constitutional Chamber Ruling 2024-019544); in 2023 it allowed financing of nearly 90 million dollars from KFW for sanitation in coastal areas to expire (addressed in Constitutional Chamber Ruling 21942-2024); and now it has allowed the 140 million dollar financing from Banca Nacional for the continuation of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project to expire.
He states that the Institute’s actions in allowing the 140 million dollar financing from Banca Nacional to be lost and bringing about the premature closure of the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project violate constitutional Articles 21, 50, and 89 because the Project objectives established in Laws 8559 and 9167 will not be achieved, leaving many millions of dollars invested in properties, easements, and buried works with no use whatsoever; users will be unable to connect to the system; the development of real-estate projects will be affected; wastewater will continue to be discharged into rivers and septic tanks that contaminate groundwater; illegal connections to the system will continue overflowing into streets because they have no outlet; and the Institution will suffer revenue losses, all of which will cause irreversible economic and environmental harm. He states that, in addition, AyA will have to continue disbursing large sums of money annually pursuant to Decreto N° 42128 – MINAE-S Regulation on the Environmental Discharge Fee because it will have to continue discharging water into rivers, in some cases with only primary treatment and in others without any treatment.
He states that this harm was described by the Institute’s own Board of Directors in the resolutions approving the financing that the Executive President allowed to lapse, which stated: “Given that the San José Metropolitan Area Environmental Improvement Project is comprehensive, the consequences of failing to secure financing for the remaining works would be catastrophic, because, after hundreds of millions of dollars had been invested, the project’s objectives set forth in the National Development Plan would not be achieved; wastewater would continue to be discharged directly into rivers, adversely affecting the environment and residents’ health; and the installed capacity of the Los Tajos Wastewater Treatment Plant would remain underutilized, to the detriment of the effectiveness and reasonableness of public investment.” He considers that such conduct violates Constitutional Law and his fundamental rights.
The Bank shall publish its opinions in the official gazette La Gaceta.” (As amended by Article 2° of Law N° 9108 of 19 December 2012). The participation of the Ministerio de Hacienda, as established in Article 80 of the Ley de Administración Financiera de la República y Presupuestos Públicos, -Ley Nº 8131-, takes place through the Dirección General de Gestión de Deuda Pública, the governing body of the Public Credit Subsystem (Subsistema de Crédito Público), and the Autoridad Presupuestaria, as detailed below. The Autoridad Presupuestaria is a collegial body (órgano colegiado) of the Ministerio de Hacienda with authority to approve or deny the contracting of public credit operations (operaciones del crédito público) by the various public bodies or institutions, following a recommendation from the Dirección de Gestión de Deuda Pública. Accordingly, it is reiterated that official letter PRE-2022-01251 concerned a request for an official communication stating that the Government of the Republic would appear as Guarantor in that financing, and not a request for authorization of the financing in accordance with the established legal procedure.
Regarding the granting of endorsements, surety bonds, or guarantees (avales, fianzas o garantías) by the Republic of Costa Rica, it should be noted that, since the term “credit” is not restricted to either a bond loan (empréstito) or a loan agreement (contrato de préstamo), its scope is much broader. Reference may therefore be made to Legal Opinion Nº OJ-149-2006 of 25 October 2006, issued by the Procuraduría General de la República, which stated: “… public credit encompasses any transaction through which a financial intermediary provides funds or credit facilities directly to another person, regardless of how it is implemented or documented. Accordingly, credit includes not only the granting of loans but also the discounting of documents, the purchase of securities or other financial assets, securities-purchase transactions subject to resale agreements, advances, current-account overdrafts, interest, and expired letters of credit.
Public indebtedness (endeudamiento público) may therefore arise not only from entering into a loan agreement, but also from the issuance and placement of securities (bond loan) or the provision of guarantees for a loan.” (Boldface and italics are not in the original). (…) It follows, therefore, that the term credit includes guarantees or endorsements granted by the State under a loan agreement that entail a financial obligation for the State, constituting a sovereign guarantee (garantía soberana) whereby the State ensures compliance with payment obligations relating to principal amortization, payment of interest, fees, or any other obligation arising from credit entered into by another public body, thereby constituting a form of indebtedness for the Central Government. Consequently, credit agreements entered into by public bodies in which the State provides its guarantee must have the required administrative approvals and are subject to legislative approval, in accordance with the procedure described above.
FACT NINE: This is not true. AyA states that UE-PAPS, the Gerencia General, and the Presidencia Ejecutiva participated in several meetings held with the Ministerio de Hacienda, during which they were informed that no further loans would be authorized because of AyA’s low rate of execution of its project portfolio, and that the foregoing demonstrates that it is not true that the Administration allowed the financing to lapse, because it did take steps to formalize the credit, although the endorsement of the competent Ministry was not received. In this regard, it should be emphasized that the decision not to grant the guarantee took into account the critical condition of AyA’s portfolio and the effect of a guarantee on the Government of the Republic’s borrowing capacity, as detailed below: Over the years, AyA’s portfolio of programs/projects financed through public indebtedness has faced significant deficiencies that have hindered its proper development.
Despite their established objectives and targets, problems and difficulties in their execution have been persistent, significantly affecting financial and physical progress and resource management, which has been characterized by critical or alert-level performance1, according to the following classification. This situation has negatively affected the delivery of the works, goods, and services required by Costa Rican society according to the requirements of each initiative, and has increased their costs because of extended execution periods and the payment of commitment fees (comisiones de compromiso). By way of reference, the Programa de Alcantarillado y Control de Inundaciones para Limón (BCIE 2198), which began execution in mid-2019 following publication of Ley 9690 and includes the largest portion of the credit resources to be executed by AyA2, has faced critical planning and pre-investment (preinversión) problems, reducing its scope and causing significant delays in its execution to date.
As a result, although a 36-month extension of the disbursement period for the BCIE Credit has been granted, the process of awarding the Sector 1 works was delayed longer than anticipated, creating a risk that a second extension of the disbursement period may be required, which would substantially lengthen that period, with the attendant implications. In addition, given the increased costs of one of the projects comprising the program (Sector 2), additional funds beyond the BCIE financing will be required for its implementation, demonstrating the planning and pre-investment weaknesses affecting this Program on the part of AyA, which is classified as having critical performance. For its part, the Programa de Abastecimiento del Área Metropolitana de San José, financed under Credit BCIE 1725 and classified as having critical performance, has undergone an extremely prolonged execution period, having been under execution for 16 years with multiple extensions of the disbursement deadlines.
This reflects serious problems in the planning and execution of this operation, which does not have a sovereign guarantee. The financial costs associated with commitment fees on this bond loan exceed US$2.8 million and have been increased by the significant execution delays. Although the Credit/Program is nearing completion, a series of problems associated with changes to the projects and/or their scopes, deficient designs, low contractor participation, and deficiencies in the tender specifications (carteles) have affected its development, despite AyA’s efforts to improve the situation. The Proyecto de Recuperación de Agua No Contabilizada y Eficiencia Energética (RANC-EE), financed under Loan BCIE 2129, reported cumulative physical progress of 41.3% and cumulative financial progress of 13% at the end of the first half of 2024. These figures are extremely low given the time elapsed since the credit agreement between AyA and BCIE entered into force in August 2015, that is, 9 years ago.
During these years, considerable financial costs associated with commitment fees have accrued, amounting to approximately US$2.68 million, without significant results having been achieved in the Project. At the appropriate time, AyA was advised to close it until the elements necessary for its proper execution were in place, which did not occur. Despite the two-year extension granted by BCIE to the credit disbursement period, the current rate of progress is insufficient to meet the objectives established within that period, and it is highly likely that another extension will be required, further delaying the execution and completion of the project and increasing the financial costs associated with this non-sovereign financing, whose performance has historically remained predominantly critical. The Programa de Acueductos Urbanos II y Alcantarillado Sanitario de Juanito Mora, Puntarenas (Credit BCIE 2164), which has critical performance, has achieved cumulative physical progress of only 28.0% and cumulative financial progress of just 10.9%; this is after the financing agreement between AyA and BCIE was entered into more than 6 years ago, specifically in May 2018.
The lack of planning and technical personnel has caused significant delays in several projects, some of which were based on deficient feasibility studies, resulting in rework, cost overruns, and delays in delivering benefits to the communities. In view of these circumstances, AyA requested that BCIE extend the bond loan’s disbursement period, and the Bank granted an extensive extension of 3 and a half years. The Programa de Acueductos y Alcantarillados en Ciudades Costeras y la construcción del Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas (PAACC), financed under Credit BCIE 2188-A and entered into in May 2019, faces critical performance after more than five years of execution, with progress below planned levels that jeopardizes its fundamental objectives. The shortage of specialized professionals and reliance on an implementation consultant have slowed activities during the pre-investment phase, while procurement delays have caused subsequent delays.
With cumulative physical progress of only 12.82% and cumulative financial progress of 3.59%, AyA has implemented a Prioritization Plan (Plan de Priorización) to improve operational efficiency. The Program is expected to conclude in November 2027, 19 months after the current disbursement deadline, which expires at the end of April 2026, requiring highly rigorous monitoring by the Institute to prevent further delays. The Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (Credit BID 2493/OC-CR) received 2 extensions to its disbursement period, which together added nearly 5 years to the contractually established period. It is in the final stage of execution, with physical progress of 99.3% and financial progress of 100%. This progress is the result of the acceleration plan agreed upon in March 2018 among BID, the Ministerio de Hacienda, and AyA in an effort to prevent the operation from being terminated early because of its low execution at the time, and this has enabled significant progress toward meeting its targets.
However, outside the BID financing, the Program still faces major challenges, such as the need for AyA specifically to obtain additional funds to complete the Proyecto de Mejoramiento del Medio Ambiente del Área Metropolitana de San José and to make greater use of the installed capacity of the Planta de Tratamiento Los Tajos. In accordance with the foregoing, together with the situation described regarding the closure of KfW 28568 credit cited in “FACT FIVE” of this report, it follows that, overall, AyA’s programs and projects have exhibited significant weaknesses in planning, pre-investment, and execution, including outdated designs and a lack of clarity regarding, or changes to, their scopes, which has negatively affected schedules and costs. Land acquisition and procurement processes have experienced delays because of deficient documentation or changes to procurement processes already under way.
In addition, the lack of support from certain internal departments and the shortage of specialized technical personnel in the Executing Units (Unidades Ejecutoras, UEs) have been critical factors contributing to execution delays.
Thus, the Institute’s management and monitoring problems routinely translate into significant extensions of disbursement periods and additional costs, affecting the effectiveness and efficiency of the delivery of the works, goods, and services that Costa Rican society requires for sanitation and the treatment of water resources for human consumption. As a result, most programs and projects are in critical condition, with accumulated delays, multiple extensions, and cost overruns. Under this scenario, the Ministry of Finance has recommended various actions to AyA with a view to fostering substantive improvements in the implementation of its portfolio of programs/projects financed through public borrowing (endeudamiento público). In conclusion, AyA must urgently address the shortcomings in the planning and implementation of its programs/projects financed through public borrowing to prevent additional cost overruns and delays in its active operations, optimizing the use of resources through marked and continuous improvement in its processes, strategic decisions, and results.
Accordingly, this Ministry does not consider it feasible to continue providing sovereign-guarantee support (garantía soberana) for new credit operations until AyA’s current portfolio demonstrates a significant and consistent improvement in its performance. It should be added that, in the interests of transparency and accountability, the Ministry of Finance has made information concerning the implementation of foreign loans financing various public-investment programs/projects available to the public through the Ministry’s website. This information shows that AyA has faced a series of delays, problems, and periods of stagnation for several years because its limited implementation capacity has contributed to its critical performance situation, with very little progress to date. Furthermore, it is important to note that seeking other financing alternatives is neither within the authority nor the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance, as AyA could have done when it was informed that, because of the poor implementation of the project portfolio under its responsibility, the Ministry of Finance would grant it no further guarantees.
In this regard, it is important to recall that the Constitutive Law3 (Ley Constitutiva3) created AyA as an autonomous State institution and granted it the authority to enter into domestic or international loans (empréstitos nacionales o internacionales), in accordance with Article 5, subsection d), which states, insofar as relevant: (…) Accordingly, the foregoing establishes that AyA has the legal authority to enter into loan agreements (contratos de préstamo) without a sovereign guarantee. It must be understood that the Ministry of Finance is the institution responsible for tax collection, oversight of the Financial Administration, allocation of financial resources to public entities, and management of public debt (deuda pública), through a sustainable fiscal policy, in order to contribute to the economic and social stability and growth of the country’s inhabitants, and that its creation dates back to the promulgation of Decreto Ejecutivo LV dated 14 de octubre de 1825.
Furthermore, pursuant to Ley N° 8131 de 18 de setiembre de 2001, published in La Gaceta N° 198 dated 16 de octubre de 2001, the Ministry of Finance is the sole agent legally authorized to incur, manage, and control the Central Administration’s public debt. Accordingly, based on its statutory authority (habilitaciones legales), the decision was made not to grant sovereign guarantees to AyA until it improves its capacity to implement projects. Therefore, in accordance with its authority, that institution bears not only responsibility for oversight in this area, but also responsibility for determining the priority to be given to constructing treatment plants and sanitary sewer systems, and for continuing the Programs it deems important for safeguarding individuals’ right to health. (…) Indeed, continuing projects it deems necessary and obtaining the resources required to complete them fall within the authority of the Instituto Costarricense Acueductos y Alcantarillados.
Likewise, it would not be feasible to allege that the Ministry of Finance violated constitutional provisions 21, 50, and 89 when its statutory authority includes managing public debt through a sustainable fiscal policy to contribute to economic stability and growth. Thus, coordinating the actions required to close a credit operation (operación de crédito) involves technical and financial matters concerning the operation’s sustainability in light of its costs and anticipated progress. Finally, it should be reiterated that AyA is technically and legally capable of seeking other sources of financing to complete the works under the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José and the Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento that do not involve a State guarantee. If AyA’s analysis concludes that borrowing is necessary, it must comply with the administrative authorization process (proceso de autorizaciones administrativas) described above.
FACT TEN: Not established. AyA is preparing a report on the status of the projects, and once this analysis has been completed, the appropriate actions will be taken to ensure the projects’ continuation.
Justice Hess Herrera delivers the opinion; and,
Considering:
I.SUBJECT MATTER OF THE APPEAL (OBJETO DEL RECURSO).- a) The appellant states that, as of the date this appeal (recurso) was filed, the Executive President and the General Manager of AyA had failed to comply with the mandates of Laws 8559 and 9167, as well as with the orders issued by the Board of Directors of AyA and the Contraloría General de la República, because the former had not executed the financing approved in the aforementioned resolutions to ensure the continuity of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José and the Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, while the latter had not ensured completion of the Project by the year 2028 as ordered; b) He alleges noncompliance with the order issued by this Chamber in decision 2007-05894; c) He requests that the respondent authority be ordered to undertake and coordinate the continuation not only of Stage 1 of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, but also of Stage 2 of the Improvement Project, so that secondary wastewater treatment will be available, making the necessary provisions within its budget and staffing and complying with the directives issued by the Contraloría General de la República and the Board of Directors of ICAA, so that the budget appropriations required to carry out these public-health works will be available; and d) He states that, through official letter SITRAA 2024-0097 dated 27 de junio del 2024, information of interest to him was requested from the Board of Directors of the respondent authority. He alleges that, as of the date this matter was filed, he had received no response.
The following facts are deemed duly established and relevant to the disposition of this matter, either because they have been substantiated or because the respondent failed to address them as required in the initial order:
The General Management is instructed, in coordination with the Management of the Executing Unit of the Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, to submit to this Office within one month a follow-up and monitoring proposal ensuring that project 000043, Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, will be completed in the year 2028 without the possibility of an extension.” (See report submitted and evidence provided.)
III.REGARDING THE ALLEGED BREACH OF DUTIES (INCUMPLIMIENTO DE DEBERES).- The appellant alleges that the Executive President and the General Manager of A y A have failed to comply with the mandates of Laws 8559 and 9167, as well as with the orders issued by the Board of Directors of AyA and the Contraloría General de la República. In this regard, the appellant must be advised that, if he believes that the respondent authorities have disregarded the duties inherent in their respective offices because—as the petitioner alleges—the former has not executed the financing approved in the aforementioned resolutions to ensure the continuity of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José and the Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, while the latter has not ensured completion of the Project by the year 2028 as ordered under the rules governing such circumstances, this essentially constitutes a complaint that does not fall within the jurisdiction of this Court.
The investigation and subsequent sanction—if warranted—of a public authority that has failed to perform the duties assigned to it by law falls within the jurisdiction of other judicial authorities (the criminal courts) or of the Executive Presidency of ICAA. He may therefore submit his grievance to the appropriate authorities overseeing the respondents or report the alleged breach of duties through the corresponding judicial channel, so that the matter may be resolved in accordance with law. Accordingly, this ground of the appeal must be denied.
IV.REGARDING THE ALLEGED NONCOMPLIANCE WITH JUDGMENT N°2007-05894 AT 11:58 HRS ON 27 DE ABRIL DE 2007.- The appellant further alleges noncompliance with the order issued by this Chamber in judgment N°2007-05894 at 11:58 hours on 27 de abril de 2007. In this regard, the appellant must be informed that, because he was neither a petitioner nor even an intervening party (parte coadyuvante) in expediente N°04-008123-0007-CO, in which the ruling he claims was disregarded was issued, he lacks standing (legitimación) to file the alleged enforcement motion for noncompliance; consequently, this ground of the appeal must be dismissed.
V.REGARDING THE RELIEF SOUGHT BY THE APPELLANT.- In the case at bar (sub lite), the petitioner requests that the respondent authority be ordered to undertake and coordinate the continuation not only of Stage 1 of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, but also of Stage 2 of the Improvement Project, so that secondary wastewater treatment will be available, making the necessary provisions within its budget and staffing and complying with the directives issued by the Contraloría General de la República and the Board of Directors of ICAA, so that the budget appropriations required to carry out these public-health works will be available. In this regard, it has been established that, since the year 2007, the respondent authority has been implementing the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ), under which significant progress has already been made, including construction of the Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales los Tajos, inaugurated in the year 2015; connection of the wastewater collectors of the Torres, Rivera, and María Aguilar rivers in the years 2015 and 2016; and extension, rehabilitation, and replacement works for collectors and networks needed to convey wastewater from the Área Metropolitana de San José to the Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales los Tajos.
It has also been established that, at Ordinary Session No.2022-29 (Resolution No.2022-263) of 31 de mayo del 2022, the Board of Directors of ICCA resolved as follows: “1. The updated cost of project 000043, Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, is approved in the amount of US$506.75 million, as is the extension of its completion date to the year 2028. 2. The Planning Directorate is instructed to resume consideration of the new US$140 million financing with Banco Nacional de Costa Rica and to assess appropriate options for financing the remaining US$74.55 million. In addition, the Institutional Head is authorized to negotiate and formalize financing in the amount of US$140 million dollars through public credit and is empowered to complete the necessary procedures before government entities for approval of the project and the aforementioned financing. 3. The Administration is delegated responsibility for verifying compliance with the legal and technical provisions arising from national legislation that apply to the Institute in negotiations for financing from either domestic or external entities. 4.
The General Management is instructed, in coordination with the Management of the Executing Unit of the Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, to submit to this Office within one month a follow-up and monitoring proposal ensuring that project 000043, Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, will be completed in the year 2028 without the possibility of an extension.” It has further been established that, according to the respondent authority, given the current status of the Project and upon completion of the works associated with the Call for Bids for Construction and Improvements to Collectors and Subcollectors in the Rivera, Torres, María Aguilar, and Tiribí basins, approximately 76.272 users will be connectable, resulting in a reduction of pollution sources in the río Grande de Tárcoles. Finally, it has been established that, according to the respondent authority, in compliance with the legal provisions set forth in laws 8559 and 9167, it is preparing a report on the status of the projects, and once this analysis is completed, the appropriate measures will be taken to finance and continue the projects, given that there is a statutory commitment to fulfill their scope.
Accordingly, the claim must be partially granted for the following reasons: a) The appellant seeks an order from this Chamber requiring compliance with administrative provisions issued by the Board of Directors of ICAA, as well as by the Contraloría General de la República, concerning the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José. In this regard, the appellant should be advised that the failure to implement resolutions adopted by the respondent authority, as well as compliance with the recommendations issued by the Contraloría General de la República, are claims that must be raised before those same bodies or before the competent ordinary legal jurisdiction, as they concern matters of ordinary legality that cannot be adjudicated in these constitutional proceedings. In addition, it has been established that the project in question has been developed in stages and is scheduled for completion in the year 2028; therefore, the appellant’s claim would be premature because it is based on future and uncertain events.
Consequently, this claim in the appeal must be denied, as is hereby ordered. b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in view of the information provided by the respondent authority and given the significance of the project in question pursuant to Article 50 of the Constitution, this Chamber finds that uncertainty exists as to how development of the project will continue, given the financial obstacles acknowledged by the respondent Institute itself, which have necessitated the preparation of a report on the status of the projects in order to establish how decisions regarding them will be made. However, the report submitted to this Chamber does not indicate that there is a definite date for completion of the document referenced by the respondent authority that would make it possible to conclude that implementation of the project will not experience further setbacks despite the circumstances described. Therefore, this aspect of the appeal must be granted on the terms set forth in the operative portion.
VI.REGARDING THE PETITION FILED ON 27 DE JUNIO DE 2024.- Lastly, the appellant states that, through official letter SITRAA 2024-0097 dated 27 de junio del 2024, the Board of Directors of the respondent authority was asked to disclose the Board resolutions approving final settlement of the project and the formal notice of its closure; to arrange a meeting with members of the Board of Directors, the Executive Presidency, the General Management, Human Resources, and all employees of the Unidad PAPS, so that the administration could provide answers in this regard; and to provide a detailed report on what would happen to that Unit. The appellant alleges that, as of the date this matter was filed, no response had been provided.
Having analyzed the appellant’s arguments, it should be noted that although the right of petition (derecho de petición), established in Article 27 of the Constitución Política, when understood broadly, refers to the authority of every citizen to address any public official or government body in writing for the purpose of presenting a matter of interest, the fact remains that, as this Court has held in decisions such as judgment N° 2015005517 at 14:30 hours on 21 de abril de 2015, that right does not protect requests for a hearing such as the one sought by the appellant in the letter alleged to have gone unanswered. Indeed, the Chamber has held as follows:
“...the request for a hearing before the respondent to discuss certain matters—as in this case—does not fall within the scope of the rights of petition and prompt resolution (pronta resolución) governed by Articles 27 and 41 of the Constitución Política; consequently, the fact that the protected party was not informed of anything regarding the requested hearing does not constitute a violation of the aforementioned Articles of the Constitución Política. The appellant must bear in mind that the request submitted in that regard is neither an exercise of the right of petition nor, much less, of the right to prompt and effective justice (justicia pronta y cumplida), but merely a request to be received by the respondent, a hearing that, in any event, will be arranged in accordance with the respondent’s availability and activities.” (Judgment N° 2015005517 at 14:30 hours on 21 de abril de 2015; underlining added).
Accordingly, it is not for this Chamber to hear that claim because it is a matter of ordinary legality; therefore, the appellant must resort to the corresponding ordinary legal jurisdiction in order to submit there any applications deemed appropriate so that the matter may be decided in accordance with the law.
The parties are hereby advised that, if they submitted any document in paper form, as well as objects or evidence contained on any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, or telematic device, or produced using new technologies, such materials must be collected from the Court within a maximum period of 30 business days from notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, pursuant to the “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial,” approved by the Corte Plena at session N° 27-11 of 22 de agosto del 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial N° 19 of 26 de enero del 2012, as well as pursuant to the resolution approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial at session N° 43-12 held on 3 de mayo del 2012, Article LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
The appeal for protection (recurso de amparo) is partially granted, solely with respect to the delay in preparing the senior administration’s report on the status of the projects, on the basis of which the necessary measures will be adopted to ensure their continuation. Juan Manuel Quesada Espinoza, Executive President, and María Alejandra Mora Segura, General Manager, both of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, or whoever may hold those offices in their stead, are ordered, within the scope of their authority, to issue the necessary instructions and undertake the appropriate actions and coordination so that, within SIX MONTHS from notification of this decision, they complete preparation of the document and action plan reported to this Chamber. The respondent authority is advised that, pursuant to Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, any person who receives an order issued in an appeal for protection that the person must comply with or enforce, and who fails to comply with or enforce it, shall be subject to imprisonment for three months to two years or a fine of twenty to sixty days, provided that the offense is not subject to a more severe penalty.
The Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts underlying this ruling, which shall be assessed during enforcement of the judgment before the contentious-administrative jurisdiction (jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa). In all other respects, the appeal is denied. Let notice be served. - Fernando Cruz C.
Acting President Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
Alexandra Alvarado P.
CASE FILE N° 24-023521-0007-CO Telephone numbers: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2258-4157 / 2549-1633. Website: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 meters south of the iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro). Filing of matters involving vulnerable groups: Edificio Corte Suprema de Justicia, San José, Distrito Catedral, Barrio González Lahmann, calles 19 y 21, avenidas 8 y 6
Revisión del Documento SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas treinta minutos del veinte de diciembre de dos mil veinticuatro .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente No. 24-023521- 0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001], contra el INSTITUTO COSTARRICENSE DE ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS.
Resultando:
Redacta la Magistrada Hess Herrera; y,
Considerando:
I.OBJETO DEL RECURSO.- a) Manifiesta el recurrente que a la fecha de interposición de este recurso, el Presidente Ejecutivo y la Gerente General del AyA han incumplido con los mandatos de las Leyes 8559 y 9167, así como lo ordenado por la Junta Directiva del AyA y la Contraloría General de la República, ya que, el primero no ha suscrito los financiamientos aprobados en los acuerdos antes mencionados para garantizar la continuidad del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José y del Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento y la segunda no ha garantizado la finalización del Proyecto para el año 2028 como le fue ordenado; b) Acusa desobediencia de lo ordenado por esta Sala en la resolución 2007-05894; c) Solicita se ordene a la autoridad recurrida gestionar y coordinar la continuidad no solo de la Etapa 1 del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, sino también de la Etapa 2 del Mejoramiento para que se cuente con tratamiento secundario de las aguas residuales, tomando las previsiones dentro de su presupuesto, personal y directrices instruidas desde la Contraloría General de la República, la Junta Directiva del ICAA para que se cuente con las partidas presupuestarias necesarias para la generación de estas obras de salud pública; y d) Señala que mediante oficio SITRAA 2024-0097 del 27 de junio del 2024 se solicitó a la Junta Directiva de la autoridad recurrida, información de su interés. Acusa que, a la fecha de interposición del presente asunto no se le ha dado respuesta.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
Delegar a la Administración la verificación del cumplimiento de las disposiciones legales y técnicas que emana de la legislación nacional, que son aplicables al Instituto, en las negociaciones de un financiamiento tanto para entes nacionales o externos. 4. Se instruye a la Gerencia General para que en coordinación con la Gerencia de la Unidad Ejecutora del Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, remitan a este Despacho en el plazo de un mes, una propuesta de seguimiento y monitoreo que garantice que el proyecto 000043 de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José culminará en el año 2028 sin posibilidad de prórroga.” (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
- Acusa el recurrente que, el presidente ejecutivo y la Gerente General del A y A han incumplido con los mandatos de las Leyes 8559 y 9167 así como con lo ordenado por la Junta Directiva del AyA y la Contraloría General de la República. Sobre el particular, se impone advertir al recurrente que si estima que las autoridades accionadas han inobservado las funciones inherentes al cargo que ocupan, ya que -según aduce el accionante- el primero no ha suscrito los financiamientos aprobados en los acuerdos antes mencionados para garantizar la continuidad del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José y del Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento y el segunda no ha garantizado la finalización del Proyecto para el año 2028 como le fue ordenado, según la normativa que regula tales supuestos, ello en el fondo constituye una queja que no compete ventilarse ante esta Jurisdicción, toda vez que la investigación y posterior amonestación -si fuera el caso- a una autoridad pública que no ha cumplido las funciones que la propia ley le asigna, compete a otras instancias judiciales (la penal) o ante la Presidencia Ejecutiva del ICAA, por lo que podrá plantear su inconformidad ante las autoridades correspondientes de los accionados o bien, denunciar el hecho por incumplimiento de deberes, ante la vía jurisdiccional respectiva, a fin de que se resuelva lo que en derecho corresponda. Por lo expuesto, este extremo del recurso debe declararse sin lugar.
IV.SOBRE LA PRESUNTA DESOBEDIENCIA DE LA SENTENCIA N°2007-05894 DE LAS 11:58 HRS DEL 27 DE ABRIL DE 2007.- Por otra parte, alega desobediencia de lo ordenado por esta Sala en la sentencia N°2007-05894 de las 11:58 horas del 27 de abril de 2007. Al respecto, cabe indicarle al recurrente que al no figurar como parte actora o bien, si quiera como parte coadyuvante dentro el expediente N°04-008123-0007-CO, en el cual, se emitió el pronunciamiento que acusa como desatendido, carece de legitimación para presentar la presunta gestión de incumplimiento y en consecuencia, este este extremo del recurso debe desestimarse.
V.SOBRE LA PRETENSIÓN DEL RECURRENTE.-En el sub lite, el accionante solicita se ordene a la autoridad recurrida gestionar y coordinar la continuidad no solo de la Etapa 1 del Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José, sino también de la Etapa 2 del Mejoramiento para que se cuente con tratamiento secundario de las aguas residuales, tomando las previsiones dentro de su presupuesto, personal y directrices instruidas desde la Contraloría General de la República, la Junta Directiva del ICAA para que se cuente con las partidas presupuestarias necesarias para la generación de estas obras de salud pública. Al respecto, se ha tenido por demostrado que, desde el año 2007 la autoridad recurrida ha venido ejecutando el Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ), dentro del cual, ya se cuenta con avances importantes como la construcción de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales los Tajos inaugurada en el año 2015, la conexión de los colectores de aguas residuales de los ríos Torres, Rivera y María Aguilar en el año 2015 y 2016, así como obras de extensión, rehabilitación y remplazo de colectores y redes necesarias para llevar las aguas residuales del Área Metropolitana de San José a la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales los Tajos.
Asimismo, se tiene que en la Sesión Ordinaria No.2022-29 (Acuerdo No.2022-263) del 31 de mayo del 2022, la Junta Directiva del ICCA acordó lo siguiente: “1. Se aprueba la actualización del costo del proyecto 000043 de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José a un monto de US$506.75 millones, así como la ampliación de cierre al año 2028. 2. Se instruye a la Dirección de Planificación para que retome el tema del nuevo financiamiento con el Banco Nacional de Costa Rica por los US$140 millones y valore las opciones idóneas para el financiamiento del monto restante de US$74.55 millones. Por otra parte, se autoriza al Jerarca Institucional para que negocie y formalice un financiamiento por un monto de US$140 millones de dólares, mediante un crédito público y se faculta para que realice los trámites necesarios ante las entidades gubernamentales, la aprobación del proyecto y el respectivo financiamiento antes indicado. 3.
Delegar a la Administración la verificación del cumplimiento de las disposiciones legales y técnicas que emana de la legislación nacional, que son aplicables al Instituto, en las negociaciones de un financiamiento tanto para entes nacionales o externos. 4. Se instruye a la Gerencia General para que en coordinación con la Gerencia de la Unidad Ejecutora del Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, remitan a este Despacho en el plazo de un mes, una propuesta de seguimiento y monitoreo que garantice que el proyecto 000043 de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José culminará en el año 2028 sin posibilidad de prórroga.” Por otra parte, se tiene que, según informa la autoridad recurrida, con el estado actual del Proyecto y con la terminación de las obras relacionadas a la Licitación de Construcción y Mejoras de Colectores y Subcolectores en las cuencas Rivera, Torres, María Aguilar y Tiribí, se podrán conectar alrededor de 76.272 usuarios, lo cual conlleva una reducción de los focos de contaminación del río Grande de Tárcoles.
Finalmente, se tiene que, según informa la autoridad recurrida, en cumplimiento de las disposiciones legales visibles en las leyes 8559 y 9167 se encuentra elaborando un informe con el estado de los proyectos y cuando se finalice este análisis se tomarán las acciones que sean correspondientes para el financiamiento y continuidad de los proyectos, dado que hay un compromiso por ley para cumplir el alcance de estos.
Así las cosas, el reclamo debe acogerse parcialmente por los siguientes motivos: a) El recurrente pretende que esta Sala ordene el cumplimiento de disposiciones administrativas emitidas por la Junta Directiva del ICAA, así como la Contraloría General de la República respecto al Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José. En ese sentido, cabe indicarle al recurrente que la falta de ejecución de acuerdos adoptados por la autoridad recurrida, así como el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones emitidas por la Contraloría General de la República, son reclamos que deben ser planteados ante esas mismas instancias o bien, ante la vía de legalidad competente, por tratarse de aspectos de legalidad ordinaria no dirimibles en esta sede constitucional. Aunado a lo anterior, se verifica que el proyecto en cuestión se ha venido desarrollando por etapas y se encuentra programado para finalizarse en el año 2028, de ahí que, el reclamo del accionante devendría de prematuro pues se basa en hechos futuros e inciertos.
Ergo, este alegato debe ser declarado sin lugar el recurso, como efecto se hace. b) Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, visto lo informado por la autoridad recurrida y dada la relevancia del proyecto en cuestión conforme lo dispuesto en el numeral 50 constitucional, estima esta Sala que existe una incertidumbre respecto a la forma en que se continuará con el desarrollo del proyecto, dados los obstáculos financieros que el mismo Instituto recurrido admite y que han llevado a la necesidad de la elaboración de un informe con el estado de los proyectos, con el fin de establecer la toma de decisiones respecto a estos; sin embargo, no se extrae del informe rendido a esta Sala, que exista una fecha cierta para la finalización de la confección del documento al cual hace referencia la autoridad accionada y que permita, considerar que la ejecución del proyecto no sufrirá mayores contratiempos pese a la situación expuesta. Por lo anterior, este extremo del recurso debe acogerse en los términos que se indican en la parte dispositiva.
VI.SOBRE LA GESTIÓN PRESENTADA EL 27 DE JUNIO DE 2024.- Por último, señala que mediante oficio SITRAA 2024-0097 del 27 de junio del 2024 se solicitó a la Junta Directiva de la autoridad recurrida, conocer los acuerdos de Junta Directiva que aprobaron el finiquito del proyecto, la comunicación formal del cierre, que se genere un espacio de reunión con miembros de la Junta Directiva, la Presidencia Ejecutiva, la Gerencia General, Capital Humano y todos los trabajadores de la Unidad PAPS, con el fin de que se brinde desde la administración las respuestas al respecto, y brinde un informe detallado de lo que sucederá con dicha Unidad. Acusa que, a la fecha de interposición del presente asunto no se le ha dado respuesta.
Analizados los alegatos de la parte recurrente, conviene indicarle que, aunque el derecho de petición, establecido en el artículo 27 de la Constitución Política, cuando es entendido en sentido amplio, haga referencia a la facultad que posee todo ciudadano para dirigirse por escrito a cualquier funcionario público o entidad oficial con el fin de exponer un asunto de su interés, lo cierto es que, conforme este Tribunal ha declarado en resoluciones como la sentencia N° 2015005517 de las 14:30 horas del 21 de abril de 2015, no por ello tutela solicitudes de audiencia como la que la parte recurrente pretende en la nota que reclama como desatendida. En efecto, la Sala ha declarado lo siguiente:
"... la solicitud de audiencia ante la recurrida para tratar determinados temas -como en este caso- no se ajusta al contenido del derecho de petición y pronta resolución regulados por los artículos 27 y 41, de la Constitución Política, de modo que el hecho de que no se le haya indicado a la amparada nada sobre la audiencia solicitada no constituye lesión a los citados artículos de la Constitución Política. Debe tener presente la recurrente que la solicitud planteada en ese sentido, no es el ejercicio del derecho de petición, y aún menos del derecho a una justicia pronta y cumplida, sino una simple solicitud de ser atendido por la recurrida, audiencia que, en todo caso, se determinará de acuerdo con las posibilidades y actividades que tenga la accionada". (Sentencia N° 2015005517 de las 14:30 horas del 21 de abril de 2015; el resaltado con subrayado no es del original).
Así las cosas, no corresponde a esta Sala conocer sobre ese reclamo, por ser un asunto de legalidad ordinaria, y, por ello, deberá la parte recurrente acudir ante la vía de legalidad respectiva, a fin de plantear allí las gestiones que estime pertinentes para que se resuelva lo que en derecho corresponda.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial N° 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, únicamente por la demora en la elaboración del informe de la administración superior con el estado de los proyectos, con base en el cual se adoptarán las medidas necesarias para darles continuidad. Se ordena a Juan Manuel Quesada Espinoza, presidente ejecutivo y a María Alejandra Mora Segura, gerente general, ambos del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, o a quienes en sus lugares ejerzan dichos cargos, que dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, giren las órdenes necesarias, realicen las acciones y coordinaciones que correspondan, para que en el plazo de SEIS MESES, contados a partir de la notificación de esta resolución, finalicen la elaboración del documento y plan de acción que se informa a esta Sala. Se advierte a la autoridad recurrida que, de conformidad con lo establecido por el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada dentro de un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.
Se condena al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. Notifíquese. - Fernando Cruz C.
Presidente a.i Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
Alexandra Alvarado P.
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