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Res. 25953-2023 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 13/10/2023
OutcomeResultado
The amparo is granted; SENASA and the Ministry of Health are ordered to coordinate a joint inspection within eight days to verify whether the dog noise exceeds regulatory limits.Se declara con lugar el amparo y se ordena a SENASA y al Ministerio de Salud coordinar una inspección conjunta en el plazo de ocho días para verificar si los ruidos de los perros sobrepasan los niveles normativos.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber hears an amparo filed by a neighbor against the Ministry of Health and SENASA over unresolved complaints about excessive noise from a neighbor's dogs. The claimant asserts both agencies declined jurisdiction. The Chamber rules that under the General Health Law, the SENASA Law, and the Animal Welfare Law, SENASA and the Ministry of Health hold concurrent, non-exclusive jurisdiction over animal noise complaints. SENASA must assess animal welfare, while the Ministry must evaluate noise pollution and its public health impact. The absence of a specific regulatory methodology for measuring animal noise does not relieve the Ministry of its duty to investigate and coordinate with SENASA. Finding that the agencies had not verified whether noise exceeded statutory limits, the Court grants the amparo and orders a joint inspection to measure noise levels within eight days.La Sala Constitucional conoce un recurso de amparo presentado por un vecino contra el Ministerio de Salud y el Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal (SENASA) por la falta de resolución de sus denuncias sobre ruidos excesivos causados por perros de una vecina. El recurrente alega que ambas instituciones se declararon incompetentes para atender el problema de contaminación sónica. La Sala analiza las competencias legales y concluye que tanto SENASA como el Ministerio de Salud tienen competencias concurrentes y no excluyentes para atender denuncias por ruidos generados por animales, con base en la Ley General de Salud, la Ley General del SENASA y la Ley de Bienestar Animal. SENASA debe verificar el bienestar animal, mientras que el Ministerio de Salud debe evaluar la contaminación sónica y sus efectos en la salud pública. La inexistencia de una metodología reglamentaria específica para medir ruidos de animales no exime al Ministerio de Salud de su obligación de investigar y coordinar con SENASA. En el caso concreto, se constató que las autoridades no habían verificado si los ruidos excedían los límites normativos, por lo que se declara con lugar el recurso y se ordena a ambas instituciones realizar una inspección conjunta para medir los niveles de ruido.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Both SENASA and the Ministry of Health are competent to handle complaints and matters related to noise problems caused by animals. Both Law 8495 and the General Health Law grant both institutions functions related to the protection of human health, regarding the possible effects of animal ownership or related activities. (...) The absence of that [animal noise measurement] procedure, rather, demands greater coordination between both institutions in exercising their powers and addressing complaints. (...) In this specific case, (...) the truth is that none of the respondent authorities has verified whether the noise from the dogs exceeds the levels established by the regulations. (...) it is appropriate to grant the appeal so that the respondent authorities coordinate what is necessary and finally verify whether the noise from the dogs exceeds the levels set by the regulations.Tanto SENASA como el Ministerio de Salud son competentes para atender las denuncias y asuntos relacionados con los problemas de ruido que generen los animales. Tanto la Ley 8495 como la Ley General de Salud confieren a ambas instituciones funciones relacionadas con el resguardo de la salud humana, en relación con las posibles afectaciones que puede generar la tenencia o actividades relacionadas con animales. (...) La inexistencia de ese procedimiento [medición de ruidos de animales], más bien, exige una mayor coordinación entre ambas instituciones para el ejercicio de sus competencias y el abordaje de las denuncias. (...) En el caso concreto, (...) lo cierto es que ninguna de las autoridades recurridas ha verificado si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa. (...) lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso para que las autoridades recurridas coordinen lo que corresponda y finalmente se compruebe si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Tanto SENASA como el Ministerio de Salud son competentes para atender las denuncias y asuntos relacionados con los problemas de ruido que generen los animales. Tanto la Ley 8495 como la Ley General de Salud confieren a ambas instituciones funciones relacionadas con el resguardo de la salud humana."
"Both SENASA and the Ministry of Health are competent to handle complaints and matters related to noise problems caused by animals. Both Law 8495 and the General Health Law grant both institutions functions related to the protection of human health."
Considerando IV
"Tanto SENASA como el Ministerio de Salud son competentes para atender las denuncias y asuntos relacionados con los problemas de ruido que generen los animales. Tanto la Ley 8495 como la Ley General de Salud confieren a ambas instituciones funciones relacionadas con el resguardo de la salud humana."
Considerando IV
"La inexistencia de ese procedimiento, más bien, exige una mayor coordinación entre ambas instituciones para el ejercicio de sus competencias y el abordaje de las denuncias."
"The absence of that procedure, rather, demands greater coordination between both institutions in exercising their powers and addressing complaints."
Considerando IV
"La inexistencia de ese procedimiento, más bien, exige una mayor coordinación entre ambas instituciones para el ejercicio de sus competencias y el abordaje de las denuncias."
Considerando IV
"Ninguna de las autoridades recurridas ha verificado si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa."
"None of the respondent authorities has verified whether the noise from the dogs exceeds the levels established by the regulations."
Considerando IV
"Ninguna de las autoridades recurridas ha verificado si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa."
Considerando IV
Full documentDocumento completo
Date of Resolution: October 13, 2023 at 09:30 Type of matter: Amparo appeal Res. No. PHO7626 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours thirty minutes on October thirteenth, two thousand twenty-three.
Amparo appeal filed by Nombre10678 , identity card CED5378, against the MINISTRY OF HEALTH and the NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE.
Whereas:
The reason for the complaint registered by the Customer Service Unit is bad odors; additionally, the complaint description textually states: “(…) To the ladies and gentlemen of the Ministry of Health, I file this complaint for the following reasons: my neighbor lady has approximately 14 dogs of different sizes in her care, which she takes in from the street; her home is a kind of animal shelter; however, the dogs bark day and night, and not a single moment is heard when they are quieted. After a workday, one wants to come home to rest, but just thinking about the torment that will arrive at home and hearing them takes away one’s peace of mind; I have spoken (sic) with her and her husband, but they do not solve anything; rather, her husband has already come to threaten (sic) me, I don’t know if in a fight or what, but he told me so. Personally, I agree that the lady helps the animals and I admire her dedication, but she has neighbors, older adults who need to rest.
A few days ago, my neighbor was taken away; she is an older adult, with diabetes (sic) and other ailments because her health is fragile, and she tells me about this problem and has had (sic) problems with the neighbor about the same thing; her name is Nombre10680, and these days her daughter took her away while she recovers her health. My neighbor has 2 dogs, apart from the ones she already has, that are the most relentless barkers, and we truly need peace and quiet. I don’t know if, where people live, people can have so many dogs, and the most relentless ones; they should have them in a shelter since she has the resources to help them – I attach audio and video of the barking and the hours they bark, day and night, since I have a security camera on her side, and photos of the two relentless ones, on a CD. I feel she should not have her home as a shelter; it is an area with neighbors, and likewise, she has her mother, who is an older adult (...)” (Folio 0003 to 0004 Confidential File) Third: On May 18, 2023, an inspection visit is conducted where Engineer Ana Lorena Gómez Valverde, an official from the Regulatory process of the Paraíso Health Governing Area Directorate, appears and speaks with the complainant.
Report MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-IT-0408-2023 is issued, indicating the following: Observations ▪ Regarding the handling of complaints for noise pollution, this Health Governing Area addresses said complaints in accordance with the provisions of the existing regulations for that purpose, stipulated in DE N° 32692 Procedure for Noise Measurement, which stipulates: “Make official, for application by health authorities, the procedures for noise measurement that must be carried out with the purpose of ensuring the protection of people’s health regarding noise pollution emissions from artificial sources.” (Art. 1). ▪ In accordance with the Institutional Competency Matrix of the Ministry of Health and SENASA, the following is defined regarding complaints about noise from animals: − SENASA: In the case of animals in places without a CVO, it acts by assessing the welfare of the animal and its environment and issues the corresponding sanitary measures according to Art. 3 of Law N° 7451, the Animal Welfare Law.
Articles 6 subsection e), 44, and 45 of Law N° 8495, the General Law of the National Animal Health Service. In the case of establishments with a CVO, it handles the complaint and inspects that the establishment develops Good Practices. Otherwise, the sanitary measures that technically, professionally, and scientifically correspond shall be issued. And if these are not complied with, SENASA shall apply the sanitary measures established in Article 89 of Law N°8495 of April 6, 2006, the General Law of the National Animal Health Service. The Ministry of Health does not generate any inspection, given that according to Decree N° 39428, they only take measurements on devices and not on animals. With the exception of complaints for noise pollution generated by industrial processes (machinery) in establishments with a CVO, and in the event that the reported problem is identified and an administrative act is issued and it is not complied with, the Ministry of Health must request SENASA to apply the sanitary measures established in Article 89 of Law N°8495 of April 6, 2006, the General Law of the National Animal Health Service.” (The underlining does not correspond to the original) Findings: “To address the complaint, an inspection was conducted on two occasions; at the reported home, no person was located, but the presence of several dogs was confirmed, and there are no bad odors.
During the second inspection, the complainant’s property was entered, who indicated that their real problem is the noise from the animals, and the bad odors are occasional. At the time of the inspection, no bad odors were confirmed at the home, and the complainant was informed that, within the competencies of the Ministry of Health, animal noise is not covered and that the technical information supporting this situation would be provided.” (The underlining does not correspond to the original) Recommendation Subject to a better technical and legal opinion, the following is recommended to the Directorate of the Paraíso Health Governing Area: • Refer the case to SENASA for whatever corresponds. • Archive and close the case before this office. • Send a copy of this report to the complainant for their knowledge. (Folio 0005 to 0007 Complaint File) Fourth: On June 26, 2023, administrative resolution MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-0653-2023 is notified to Mr.
Nombre10678, in which this office informs him of the closure of the complaint for not having verified the reported bad odors and noise and vibrations. (FOLIO 0007 CONFIDENTIAL FILE) Fifth: On June 26, 2023, the official communication MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-0653-2023 is notified to Dr. Edgar Bonilla Echeverría of SENASA, in which it is indicated: “(…) In relation to the subject matter mentioned and based on technical report MSDRRSCE-DARSP-IT-0408-2023, the case is referred to your esteemed person for the development of activity with animals for its respective assessment. (…)” (Folio 0008 Complaint File) Sixth: On July 13, 2023, the Paraíso Health Governing Area Directorate receives from the electronic address ...1075 associated with Dr. Edgar Bonilla Echeverría, coordinator of SENASA Central East Directorate, which textually indicates: “GOOD MORNING, ON 07/06/2023, A VISIT IS MADE FOR ANIMAL NOISE AND BAD ODORS.
AN INSPECTION OF THE PLACE IS CARRIED OUT, A TOTAL OF 9 CANINES ARE FOUND, THEY ARE SEPARATED IN DIFFERENT ENCLOSURES. THEY HAVE ACCESS TO WATER, FOOD, AND ROOF. THERE IS A PRESENCE OF BAD ODORS. DURING THE TIME I WAS AT THE VISIT, THE CANINES DID NOT BARK. REGARDING ANIMAL HEALTH, THEY ARE FINE. WE WILL PROCEED TO CLOSE THE COMPLAINT.” (FOLIO 0011 COMPLAINT FILE) Seventh: Before this office, the complaint filed by Mr. Nombre10678 with consecutive No. 0056-2023 was closed and notified to the complainant; furthermore, it was referred to SENASA for its due follow-up according to its competencies.” It requests that the appeal be declared without merit.
Drafted by Magistrate Cruz Castro; and,
Considering:
Before analyzing the merits of the matter – regarding the alleged violation of the right to a prompt and fulfilled procedure – it must be clarified that, based on ruling number 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction – with some exceptions – those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has complied or not with the deadlines set by the General Law of Public Administration (articles 261 and 325) or the sectorial laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve by final act an administrative procedure – initiated ex officio or at the instance of a party – or to hear the pertinent administrative appeals. Precisely, in the sub lite, an exception case arises, as it involves an environmental complaint that has allegedly not been resolved within a reasonable time. Having clarified this point, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this amparo.
The appellant claims that a neighbor has 14 dogs of different ages and sizes in her care that bark during the day and night, producing excessive noise, which makes it impossible for him to rest and have peace at home. He states that he reported the case to SENASA and an inspector conducted a 15-minute visit to his neighbor. He mentions that he also reported it to the Ministry of Health, but was told they could not take decibel measurements because they did not have the appropriate device. He accuses that neither of the two institutions before which he reported resolved the problem.
The following facts are deemed duly proven as being of importance for the decision in this matter, either because they have been accredited or because the respondent authority has failed to refer to them, as provided in the initial order:
A few days ago, my neighbor was taken away; she is an older adult, with diabetes (sic) and other ailments because her health is fragile, and she tells me about this problem and has had (sic) problems with the neighbor about the same thing; her name is Nombre10680, and these days her daughter took her away while she recovers her health. My neighbor has 2 dogs, apart from the ones she already has, that are the most relentless barkers, and we truly need peace and quiet. I don’t know if, where people live, people can have so many dogs, and the most relentless ones; they should have them in a shelter since she has the resources to help them” (see reports from the respondent authorities).
From the reports rendered by the respondent authorities, which are given under the solemnity of oath with the legal consequences that this entails, it follows that on March 15, 2023, the appellant filed a complaint before SENASA indicating the presence of 14 dogs that generated constant bad odors and noise. It was accredited that Dr. Edgar Bonilla Echeverría responded to complaint No. 112757 on March 28, 2023, at 3:00 p.m., indicating in the Visit Sheet/Sanitary Order (HV/OS) No. 0227111 that a total of 8 canines are found, no noises are perceived during the time he was at the place, that there are adequate containment measures, that normal odors are perceived, that there is no presence of feces, and that the canines have water, food, and shelter - document notified to the appellant at the email address [email protected]. It was demonstrated that on May 9, 2023, the appellant filed a complaint before the Ministry of Health stating: “(…) To the ladies and gentlemen of the Ministry of Health, I file this complaint for the following reasons: my neighbor lady has approximately 14 dogs of different sizes in her care, which she takes in from the street; her home is a kind of animal shelter; however, the dogs bark day and night, and not a single moment is heard when they are quieted.
After a workday, one wants to come home to rest, but just thinking about the torment that will arrive at home and hearing them takes away one’s peace of mind; I have spoken (sic) with her and her husband, but they do not solve anything; rather, her husband has already come to threaten (sic) me, I don’t know if in a fight or what, but he told me so. Personally, I agree that the lady helps the animals and I admire her dedication, but she has neighbors, older adults who need to rest. A few days ago, my neighbor was taken away; she is an older adult, with diabetes (sic) and other ailments because her health is fragile, and she tells me about this problem and has had (sic) problems with the neighbor about the same thing; her name is Nombre10680, and these days her daughter took her away while she recovers her health. My neighbor has 2 dogs, apart from the ones she already has, that are the most relentless barkers, and we truly need peace and quiet.
I don’t know if, where people live, people can have so many dogs, and the most relentless ones; they should have them in a shelter since she has the resources to help them”. It was verified that on May 18, 2023, the authorities of the Ministry of Health conducted two inspections and no bad odors were verified, and the noise perceived was from animals. It was proven that by official communication MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-0654-2023 dated June 23, 2023, the Paraíso Health Governing Area informed the appellant “in accordance with the inspection corresponding to technical report No. MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-IT-0408-2023, which I attach, I inform you that the reported problem was not verified, so we proceed with the closure of your case. However, if new evidence regarding this arises, please communicate it to this Area Directorate to reactivate your complaint” - official communication notified on June 26, 2023, to the email address [email protected].
It was confirmed that by official communication MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-0653-2023 dated June 26, 2023, the Directorate of the Paraíso Health Governing Area referred the appellant’s complaint to SENASA. It was affirmed that on July 6, 2023, SENASA conducted an inspection at the home reported by the appellant and noted: “a total of 9 canines are found, they are separated in different enclosures. They have access to water, food, and a roof. There is a presence of bad odors. They are not aggressive animals. During the time I was at the visit, the canines did not bark. Regarding animal health, they are fine. We will proceed to close the complaint”. Subsequently, on September 19, 2023, on the occasion of the filing of this amparo appeal, SENASA conducted a second inspection at the reported home and noted: “At the time of the visit, 9 canines are found with the following characteristics: First: female, gray with brown, 15 kg, body condition 4.0, mixed breed.
Second: female, gray, 12kg, body condition 4.0, mixed breed. Third: female, brown, 15kg, body condition 3.0, mixed breed. Fourth: male, black with brown, 7kg, body condition 3.5, mixed breed. Fifth: male, black, 25kg, body condition 4.0, mixed breed. The first through fifth canines are in the rear part of the house (approximately 30m²). Sixth: male, gray, 40kg, body condition 4.0, Mastiff breed. Seventh: female, beige, 10kg, body condition 4.0, mixed breed. Eighth: male, beige, 15kg, body condition 4.0, mixed breed. Ninth: female, white, 5kg, body condition 4.0, French Poodle breed. The sixth through ninth canines are in the front and west side of the house. Likewise, they indicate that all animals are neutered and vaccinated, that they have food and water, that no bad odors are perceived, that the space is ample, and that none of the canines exhibits aggressive behavior”. In conclusion, it is true that the appellant filed a complaint before SENASA and the Ministry of Health against a neighbor who has 14 dogs in her care.
However, taking into account that both SENASA and the Central East Regional Health Directorate have processed the complaints filed by the appellant, verifying that there were no transgressions to the dogs’ welfare, given that they were observed to be healthy, at a good weight, had food and water, and were also in a clean space where no bad odors emanating from that space were perceived, the fact is that none of the respondent authorities has verified whether the noises from the canines exceed the levels set by the regulations. Based on the foregoing and considering that the authorities of the Health Governing Area state that “At the time of the inspection, no bad odors were confirmed at the home, and the complainant was informed that, within the competencies of the Ministry of Health, animal noise is not covered and that the technical information supporting this situation would be provided,” and for their part, the SENASA authorities assert that “in the event that the animal is in good condition and noises (barking) are generated as a normal behavior of the animal and this is causing annoyance to the neighbors, it is our opinion that the Ministry of Health is the competent entity regarding public health.
Therefore, it is the body that must ensure that animal ownership does not threaten the health or safety of people, in this case, through noise pollution (also understood as atmospheric pollution according to Law N° 5395) produced by the animals, provided, as already noted, that said pollution is generated on the occasion of the animal’s own nature and not for reasons of transgression to animal welfare, this being a clear case in which it constitutes an inherent competence of SENASA”; it is appropriate to grant the appeal so that the respondent authorities coordinate whatever is necessary and finally verify whether the noises from the canines exceed the levels set by the regulations. Thus, the appeal is granted with the consequences indicated in the operative part of this ruling.
I have supported the thesis of this Court that when a claimant alleges a violation of the right to prompt and fulfilled justice in an administrative venue, those who must hear the legal controversy are the Contentious-Administrative Courts and not this Chamber. However, with the recent enactment of Law No. 9097, Law Regulating the Right of Petition, it has been established that this right is susceptible to judicial protection through the amparo appeal established by Article 32 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, in relation to Article 27 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica, in those cases where the petitioner considers that the material actions of the Administration, its administrative acts, or its response are affecting their fundamental rights. In my view, the newly enacted regulation does not imply that this Court must modify its jurisprudential line, which, based on numeral 7 of its Law, is exclusively responsible for defining its own competence.
Therefore, except for those legal-constitutional controversies that have been recognized by this very Chamber as exception cases that are appropriate to be heard in this jurisdiction through the constitutional process of amparo protection, in other cases, and for the reasons given by this Court (ruling No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008), the competent judges are those of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, all of which is in accordance with numeral 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights, the Law of the Constitution (values, principles, and norms), and the corresponding legal norms based on a logical, systemic, and teleological interpretation of the legal system.
The parties are advised that, if any document has been provided on paper, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional device of an electronic, informatic, magnetic, optical, telematic nature or produced by new technologies, these must be retrieved from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this ruling. Otherwise, any material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, as provided in the “Regulation on Electronic File before the Judicial Branch” (Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial), approved by the Full Court in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Judicial Bulletin number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judicial Branch in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Therefore:
The appeal is granted. It is ordered that Luis Alberto Matamoros Cortés, in his capacity as General Director of the National Animal Health Service (SENASA), and Oscar Bermúdez García, in his capacity as Regional Director of the Central East Health Governing Body (Rectoría de la Salud Central Este), or whoever holds their positions in their stead, coordinate what is necessary, issue the pertinent orders, and carry out all actions within the scope of their competencies so that, within a maximum period of EIGHT DAYS, counted from the notification of this pronouncement, an inspection is conducted at the reported home in order to verify whether the noises from the canines exceed the levels set by the regulations. The foregoing is issued with the warning that, based on the provisions of Article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on those who receive an order that they must comply with or enforce, issued in an amparo appeal, and who fail to comply with it or fail to enforce it, provided the crime is not more severely punished.
The State is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the judgment in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. Magistrate Castillo Víquez adds a note. Notify.
Nombre290 V.
President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
Jose Roberto Garita N.
FILE N° 23-020434-0007-CO Telephones: Telf11 / (). Fax: Telf12 / Telf13. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección40, Dirección41, 100 mts. South of the Perpetuo Socorro Church). Reception of matters for vulnerable groups: Dirección42, San José, Dirección43, Dirección44, streets 19 and 21, Dirección45 It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 05-08-2026 13:59:12.
Res. Nº PHO7626 SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas treinta minutos del trece de octubre de dos mil veintitres .
Recurso de amparo presentado por Nombre10678 , cédula de identidad CED5378, contra el MINISTERIO DE SALUD y el SERVICIO NACIONAL DE SALUD ANIMAL.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Cruz Castro; y,
Considerando:
De previo a analizar el fondo del asunto –por la presunta violación del derecho a un procedimiento pronto y cumplido– debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia número 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa –con algunas excepciones– aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la administración pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo –instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte– o conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en el sub lite, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues, se está ante se está ante una denuncia ambiental que presuntamente no ha sido resuelta en un plazo razonable. Aclarado el punto, se entra a resolver, la situación concreta planteada en este amparo.
El recurrente alega que una vecina tiene a su cargo 14 perros de diferentes edades y tamaños que ladran durante el día y noche, produciendo ruido excesivo, lo que le imposibilita descansar y tener tranquilidad en casa. Expone que el caso lo denunció ante el SENASA y un inspector realizó una visita de 15 minutos a su vecina. Menciona que también denunció ante el Ministerio de Salud, pero se le indicó que no podían hacer la medición de decibeles porque no tenían el aparato adecuado. Acusa que ninguna de las dos instituciones ante las que denunció, resolvió el problema.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
Mi vecina tiene 2 perros aparte de los que ya tiene que son los más majaderos en ladrar y en verdad necesitamos paz y tranquilidad, no se si donde viven, personas, las personas pueden tener tantos perros y mas majaderos, deberían tenerlos en un refugio ya que ella tiene recursos para ayudarlos” (ver informes de las autoridades recurridas).
De los informes rendidos por las autoridades recurridas los cuales son dados bajo la solemnidad del juramento con las consecuencias legales que ello implica se desprende que en fecha 15 de marzo del 2023 el recurrente presentó ante SENASA una denuncia donde indicaba la presencia de 14 perros que generaban malos olores y ruidos constantes. Se acreditó que el Dr. Edgar Bonilla Echeverría, atendió la denuncia N°112757 el día 28 de marzo de 2023 a las 3:00 pm, indicado en la Hoja de Visita/Orden Sanitaria (HV/OS) N°0227111 que se encuentran un total de 8 caninos, no se perciben ruidos en el tiempo que estuvo en el lugar, que existen medidas de contención adecuadas, que se perciben olores normales, que no hay presencia de heces y que los caninos cuentan con agua, comida y refugio -documento notificado al recurrente al correo electrónico [email protected]. Quedó demostrado que en fecha 09 de mayo del 2023 el recurrente presentó una denuncia ante el Ministerio de Salud indicando: “(…) Señores y señoras del Ministerio de Salud, interpongo esta denuncia, por los siguientes motivos, la señora vecina mía, tiene a cargo aproximadamente 14 perros de diferentes tamaños, los cuales recoge de la calle, su casa es un estilo de refugio animal, sin embargo los perros ladran día y de noche y no se escucha ningún momento que los callen, después de un día de trabajo uno quiere llegar a descansar, pero solo pensar en el tormento que llegará a ya casa y los escuchara ya eso le quita la tranquilidad; eh hablado(sic) con ella y su esposo, pero no solucionan nada, más bien ya su marido me a llegado(sic) a amenazar, no se si en pleito o que pero me lo dijo.
En lo personal estoy de acuerdo que la señora ayude a los animales y admiró su dedicación, pero tiene vecinos, adultos mayores que necesitan descansar, hace unos días mi vecina, se la llevaron, ella es adulta mayor, con diavetis(sic) y otros males porque su salud es difícil y ella me comenta sobre este problema y ah(sic) tenido con la vecina problemas de lo mismo, ella se llama Nombre10680 y estos días se la llevo su hija mientras se repone de salud. Mi vecina tiene 2 perros aparte de los que ya tiene que son los más majaderos en ladrar y en verdad necesitamos paz y tranquilidad, no se si donde viven, personas, las personas pueden tener tantos perros y mas majaderos, deberían tenerlos en un refugio ya que ella tiene recursos para ayudarlos”. Se constató que en fecha 18 de mayo del 2023 las autoridades del Ministerio de Salud realizaron dos inspecciones y no se comprobaron malos olores y el ruido percibido era de animales.
Quedó probado que mediante oficio MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-0654-2023 de fecha 23 de junio de 2023 el Área Rectora de Salud de Paraíso le informó al recurrente “de acuerdo con la inspección correspondiente al informe técnico N°MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-IT-0408-2023, el cual adjunto, le informo que el problema denunciado no fue comprobado, por lo que se procede con el cierre de su caso. Sin embargo, de presentarse nuevas evidencias sobre este, favor comunicarlo a esta Dirección Área para activar nuevamente su denuncia” -oficio notificado el 26 de junio del 2023 al correo electrónico [email protected]. Se verificó que mediante oficio MS-DRRSCE-DARSP-0653-2023 de fecha 26 de junio del 2023 la Dirección del Área Rectora de Salud de Paraíso trasladó la denuncia del recurrente a SENASA. Se afirmó que en fecha 06 de julio del 2023 SENASA realizó una inspección en la vivienda denunciada por el recurrente y anotó: “se encuentran un total de 9 caninos, están separados en distintos encierros.
Tienen acceso a agua, comida y techo. Hay presencia de malos olores. No son animales agresivos. En el tiempo que yo estuve en la visita los caninos no ladraron. En lo que respecta a salud animal se encuentran bien. Se procederá a cerrar la denuncia”. Posteriormente en fecha 19 de setiembre del 2023 con ocasión a la interposición del presente recurso de amparo SENASA realizó una segunda inspección en la vivienda denunciada y anotó: “Al momento de la visita se encuentran 9 caninos con las siguientes características: Primero: hembra, gris con café, 15 kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza mixta. Segundo: hembra gris, 12kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza mixta. Tercero: hembra, café, 15kg, condición corporal 3.0, raza mixta. Cuarto: macho, negro con café, 7kg, condición corporal 3.5, raza mixta. Quinto: macho, negro, 25kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza mixta. Los caninos del primero al quinto se encuentran en la parte trasera de la casa (30m² aproximadamente).
Sexto: macho, gris, 40kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza Mastín. Séptimo: hembra, beige, 10kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza mixta. Octavo: macho, beige, 15kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza mixta. Noveno: hembra, blanca, 5kg, condición corporal 4.0, raza French Puddle. Los caninos del sexto al noveno, se encuentran en el frente y costado oeste de la casa. Asimismo, indican que todos los animales están castrados y con vacunas, que cuentan con alimento y agua, que no se perciben malos olores, que el espacio es amplio y que ninguno de los caninos presenta comportamiento agresivo”. En conclusión, es cierto que el recurrente presentó ante el SENASA y el Ministerio de Salud una denuncia contra una vecina que tiene a su cargo 14 perros. Ahora bien, tomando en cuenta que tanto SENASA como la Dirección Regional de la Salud Central Este han dado trámite a las denuncias planteadas por el recurrente comprobando que no existían transgresiones al bienestar de los perros, toda vez que los mismos se observaban sanos, con buen peso, contaban con alimentos y agua, además en un espacio limpio en el que no se percibieron malos olores provenientes de ese espacio, lo cierto es que ninguna de las autoridades recurridas ha verificado si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa.
Partiendo de lo anterior y en vista de que las autoridades del Área Rectora de Salud afirman que “Al momento de la inspección no se comprobó malos olores en la vivienda y se le indicó al denunciante que desde las competencias del Ministerio de Salud el ruido de animales no corresponde y que se le suministraría la información técnica que sustentaba esta situación” y por su parte las autoridades de SENASA aducen que “en caso de que al animal se encuentre en buenas condiciones y se generen ruidos (ladridos) como una conducta normal del animal y esto le esté generando molestias a los vecinos, es nuestro criterio que el Ministerio de Salud es el ente competente en cuanto a salud pública se refiere. Por ello es el órgano que debe velar por que la tenencia de animales no amenace la salud o la seguridad de las personas, en este caso, a través de la contaminación sónica (entendida también como contaminación atmosférica según Ley N° 5395) que produzcan los animales, siempre y cuando, como ya se acotó, dicha contaminación se genere con ocasión de la naturaleza propia del animal y no por motivos de transgresión al bienestar animal, siendo este caso claro en que constituye una competencia inherente al SENASA”; lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso para que las autoridades recurridas coordinen lo que corresponda y finalmente se compruebe si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa. Así las cosas se declara con lugar el recurso con las consecuencias que se indican en la parte dispositiva de esta sentencia.
He apoyado la tesis de este Tribunal, de que cuando el justiciable alega una vulneración al derecho a una justicia pronta y cumplida en sede administrativa, quienes deben conocer la controversia jurídica son los Tribunales de lo Contencioso-Administrativo y no esta Sala. Ahora bien, con la reciente promulgación de la Ley n.° 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, se ha establecido que ese derecho es susceptible de tutela judicial por medio del recurso de amparo establecido por el artículo 32 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, en relación con el artículo 27 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, en aquellos casos en que el peticionario considere que las actuaciones materiales de la Administración, sus actos administrativos o su respuesta le estén afectando sus derechos fundamentales. A mi modo de ver, la normativa recién promulgada no implica que este Tribunal deba modificar su línea jurisprudencial, quien, con base en el numeral 7 de su Ley, le corresponde definir exclusivamente su propia competencia.
Por ende, salvo aquellas controversias jurídico-constitucionales que han sido reconocidas por esta misma Sala como supuestos de excepción, que sí proceden ser conocidas en esta jurisdicción a través del proceso constitucional de garantía del amparo, en los demás casos, y por las razones que ha dado este Tribunal (sentencia N° 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008), los competentes son los Jueces de la jurisdicción de lo contencioso-administrativo, todo lo cual es conforme al numeral 25, de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, el Derecho de la Constitución (valores, principios y normas) y las normas legales correspondientes con base en una interpretación lógica, sistémica y teleológica del ordenamiento jurídico.
Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Luis Alberto Matamoros Cortés en su calidad de director general del Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal (SENASA) y a Oscar Bermúdez García en su calidad de director regional de Rectoría de la Salud Central Este o a quienes en su lugar ocupen los cargos que coordinen lo necesario, giren las órdenes pertinentes y lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias para que, en el plazo máximo de OCHO DÍAS, contado a partir de la notificación de este pronunciamiento, se realice una inspección en la vivienda denunciada a fin de comprobar si los ruidos provenientes de los caninos sobrepasan los niveles dispuestos por la normativa. Lo anterior se dicta con el apercibimiento de que, con base en lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quienes recibieren una orden que deban cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y que no la cumplieren o no la hicieren cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. El Magistrado Castillo Víquez pone nota. Notifíquese.
Nombre290 V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
Jose Roberto Garita N.
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