"(.) the continuous and comprehensive process of analysis and formulation of plans and regulations on urban development, tending to ensure the safety, health, comfort, and well-being of the community." In this regard, the Attorney General's Office of the Republic (PGR) indicates4 that urban planning: "(.) Constitutes a first-level public function under the charge (.) of the municipalities, the State, and the INVU" (.) Constitutes a tool of utmost importance for making fundamental decisions in the short, medium, or long term, by the Public Administration (.) defining the great objectives, goals, and ends to be achieved, as well as the methods to achieve them efficiently." 4 Opinion C-001-2004 of January 5, 2004, Section III of the PGR Through urban planning, the actions to be carried out in an urban area as part of a territory are agreed upon, to guide its sustainable transformation, toward the fulfillment of the objectives and goals proposed jointly with the municipality.
In urban planning processes, it is indispensable to consider the following:
Every urban area is part of a territory Urban areas are part of a complex network in which various units, elements, and territorial processes of a social, economic, environmental nature, among others, are interrelated in the same physical space.
Constant transformation is an inherent characteristic of the territory Urban areas are constantly influenced by various processes of local, regional, national, or even global transformation. Likewise, every territory is part of a constantly changing ecosystem5 that influences it and is, in turn, influenced by it.
5 Article 3 of the Regulation to the Biodiversity Law, Executive Decree No. 34433 Communities build their collective identity through the appropriation of their territory The territory is the object of multiple and diverse representations by its population; it is also the basis of social cohesion.
3.2. LAND-USE PLANNING Land-use planning (ordenamiento territorial) is an administrative process through which the State, municipal governments, and other public entities regulate, guide, and promote diverse actions in the territory. It is also a political and participatory process, based on legal, technical, and scientific support, which is implemented through negotiation, coordination, consensus-building, and decision-making among the different social actors linked to a territory.
According to the Organic Law of the Environment, among the purposes of land-use planning are the following6:
6 Article 30 of the Organic Law of the Environment No. 7554 Harmonize the well-being of the population with the use and conservation of environmental resources Optimally locate economic and productive activities, human settlements, public areas, public services (servicios públicos), Protected Wild Areas (Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, ASP), infrastructure works, among others Serve as a guide for the sustainable use of the elements of the environment Balance the sustainable development of the different zones of the country Promote citizen participation in the planning of the territories Said Law indicates in its Article 31 that, to achieve the fulfillment of the indicated purposes, the development and reorganization of cities must be promoted, through the intensive use of urban space. The foregoing highlights the role of urban planning as a central component in land-use planning.
3.3. THE TERRITORY OF COSTA RICA The Costa Rican territory is classified into continental and marine. For the purposes of this Manual, the term "territory (territorio)" refers only to the continental territory, excluding the marine territory.
In Costa Rica, the territory is organized into three levels7, according to the dimension of the geographic space covered. Said classification includes the national, regional, and local levels.
7 Article 2 of the General Regulation of the National Planning System, Executive Decree No. 37735-PLAN, and Urban Planning Law No. 4240 National level Corresponds to the totality of the extension of the continental territory, which is equivalent to an area of 51,100 km2 Regional level Corresponds to areas equivalent to a region8 8 According to the official regionalization of MIDEPLAN Local level Likewise, the national territory is organized into several categories for the purposes of its planning and management. Said categories cover the entirety of the national territory and are made up of various territorial units of a political-administrative and geographic nature.
(Thus amended the previous paragraph through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Among the existing territorial planning and management categories are the following:
3.3.1. Administrative Territorial Division Corresponds to the division of the entire national territory into political-administrative units, such as provinces, cantons, and districts. Currently, the national territory is divided into 7 provinces, which in turn are divided into 82 cantons and these into 483 districts10.
10 Article 168 of the Political Constitution and Chapters II, III, and IV of the Law on Administrative Territorial Division No. 4366 3.3.2. Regions Corresponds to the division of the entire national territory into political-administrative units of a regional level, for the purposes of its planning, administration, research, and development11. According to the current regionalization, the country is divided into 6 regions.
11 Article 58 of the General Regulation of the National Planning System No. 37735-PLAN 3.3.3. Conservation Areas Corresponds to the division of the entire national territory into geographic units administratively delimited and governed by a single development and administration strategy regarding conservation and natural resources12.
12 Article 28 of the Biodiversity Law No. 7788 Currently, the national territory is divided into 11 Conservation Areas.
3.3.4. Watersheds Corresponds to the division of the entire national territory into natural geographic units for the planning and management of water resources13. Watersheds (cuencas hidrográficas) are delimited by the water divide line and their surface waters discharge into a common drainage system or hydrological network14. In Costa Rica, there are 34 watersheds (cuencas), which, in turn, are subdivided into sub-watersheds (subcuencas) and micro-watersheds (microcuencas). In addition to the foregoing, in the continental territory of Costa Rica, a series of territorial units called Special Regime Areas (Áreas Bajo Régimen Especial, ABRE) are delimited, created by various laws, in which aspects related to their purposes, planning, and administration are indicated. The ABRE do not cover the entirety of the national territory but only portions thereof. Among them are the following:
13 Article 1 of Executive Decree No. 30480-MINAE 14 Article 6 of the Regulation to the Law on the Use, Management, and Conservation of Soils No. 29375 MAG-MINAE-S-HACIENDAMOPT Protected Wild Areas Indigenous Territories Maritime Terrestrial Zone Territories of the National Institute of Rural Development 3.4. COMPREHENSIVE TERRITORIAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN COSTA RICA The planning and management of the Costa Rican territory is based on the principle of integration, both among the different territorial levels and among the different categories and units that comprise it.
3.4.1. Cascade planning The integration among the national, regional, and local territorial levels is addressed through cascade planning, that is, through the management of the territory through different plans hierarchized according to the level they cover. Each plan addresses what corresponds to it according to its level, respecting the competencies of other levels. Therefore, each plan considers and responds to what is established in other higher-level plans, complying with what corresponds to it according to current regulations, since these provide guidance on the approach to the territory from a broader perspective. Likewise, each plan considers and responds to what is proposed in other lower-level plans, since these offer a more detailed perspective on a particular territory.
Consequently, cascade planning implies multidirectional exchange among social actors at the national, regional, and local levels.
Below, the main competencies regarding urban planning and land-use planning are indicated, as well as the existing plans for each level:
National level15 15 Articles 2, 3, and 5 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 and Constitutional Vote 6706-93 The INVU and MIDEPLAN are responsible for fulfilling the functions required by urban planning at the national level, for which they must prepare, review, and update the National Urban Development Plan (Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano, PNDU). Said Plan guides the other levels of territorial planning in the country. Likewise, MIDEPLAN is responsible for facilitating spaces for inter-institutional coordination for analysis in matters of territorial planning.
Regional level16 16 Article 2 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 and Articles 19 subsections h) and l), 58, and 59 of the General Regulation of the National Planning System, Executive Decree No. 37735-PLAN The INVU and MIDEPLAN are responsible for fulfilling the functions required by urban planning at this level, for which they must implement the Regional Regulatory Plan for Land-Use Planning (Plan Regulador de Ordenamiento Territorial Regional). Said plans consider in their approach what is indicated in the PNDU and guide planning at the local level in the country.
At the regional level, SETENA has the responsibility of studying and endorsing matters related to the environmental impact variable, ensuring the planning of the development of human activities potentially harmful to the environment, being responsible for granting the Environmental Feasibility (Viabilidad Ambiental), through the procedure in force for said purpose.
(This paragraph repealed through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Local level18 18 Article 169 of the Political Constitution and Articles 15 and 19 of the Urban Planning Law The municipal government19 is responsible for planning and controlling urban development within the limits of its jurisdictional territory, for which it must implement a Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the related Urban Development Regulations (Reglamentos de Desarrollo Urbano).
19 Articles 15 and 19 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240, Constitutional Vote 1996-4205, and Constitutional Vote 2003-3356 The INVU20 is the entity responsible for advising municipal governments on the matter, and has the power to exercise oversight and authority in the due compliance with the related norms of national interest. Likewise, it is the entity responsible for reviewing and approving Regulatory Plans (Planes Reguladores) and for preparing them at the request of the municipal government, as established in Transitory Provision II of the Urban Planning Law.
20 Article 5 subsection a) of the Organic Law of the INVU No. 1788; Articles 7, 10, 17, 61, and Transitory Provision II of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240, Constitutional Vote 1993-6706, Constitutional Vote 1996-4205, Constitutional Vote 1996-4205, and Constitutional Vote 2003-11397.
The competence of SETENA21 at the local level consists of studying and endorsing matters related to the environmental impact variable in Regulatory Plans (Planes Reguladores), ensuring the planning of the development of human activities potentially harmful to the environment, being responsible for granting the Environmental Feasibility (Viabilidad Ambiental), through the procedure in force for said purpose.
21 Chapters IV and VI of the Organic Law of the Environment No. 7554, Article 52 of the Biodiversity Law No. 7788, Constitutional Vote 2003-6311, Constitutional Vote 2006-6343, and Article 67 of the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures, Executive Decree No. 31849-MINAE-MOPT-MAG-MEIC.
(This paragraph repealed through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) 3.4.2. Integration of local-level plans The integration among the different categories and units that make up a local territory is carried out by articulating the different plans that affect said level, ensuring the standardization of the principles, objectives, strategic actions, proposed goals, among other aspects.
Below, some of the plans whose integration is key due to their impact on local development are indicated:
Regulatory Plan Municipal Five-Year Plan Cantonal or Municipal Development Plan Local Human Development Plan General Management Plan for Protected Wild Areas Coastal Regulatory Plan Management, Conservation, and Recovery of Soils Plan by Areas Plan for the Use, Management, and Conservation of Soils of Management Areas 3.5. REGULATORY PLAN AS AN INSTRUMENT OF LAND-USE PLANNING In the Costa Rican legal framework, the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the related Urban Development Regulations (Reglamentos de Desarrollo Urbano) are indicated as the instruments available to municipal governments to plan and manage the urban development of the canton.
The Regulatory Plan is the urban planning and management instrument at the local level, in which the policy that guides urban development in a determined territory in the long term is defined.
Likewise, it defines the strategic actions to be executed in relation to the distribution of the population, land uses (usos del suelo), traffic routes, public services (servicios públicos), community facilities (facilidades comunales), construction, and urban renewal. Furthermore, it includes the Urban Development Regulations, which are the procedural rules necessary for the due observance of the Regulatory Plan and contain norms to promote the following22:
22 Article 20 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Harmonious relationship among land uses Convenient access of lots to public roads Adequate division of lots Adequate community facilities (facilidades comunales) and public services (servicios públicos) Reservation of spaces for public uses Rehabilitation of areas and prevention of their deterioration Safety, healthiness, comfort, and ornament of constructions The main Urban Development Regulations related to a Regulatory Plan are those indicated below23:
23 Article 21 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Zoning Subdivision and Urban Development (Fraccionamiento y Urbanización) Official Map Urban Renewal Constructions Additionally, other regulations related to the Regulatory Plan can be formulated, which address topics such as road network (vialidad), mobility, public space, landscape, urban image, outdoor advertising, land management instruments, among others.
The application of both the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the Urban Development Regulations (Reglamentos de Desarrollo Urbano), once adopted, is mandatory within the Planning Area (Área de Planificación), whose delimitation is the responsibility of the municipal government.
The Planning Area24 consists of the portion of the territory subject to planning and management through the Regulatory Plan and the related Urban Development Regulations.
24 Articles 15 and 17 of the Urban Planning Law (Ley de Planificación Urbana) No. 4240 From an environmental scientific-technical, economic, social, physical-spatial, and institutional-political standpoint, it is advisable that the Planning Area encompass the entirety of the municipal territorial jurisdiction, meaning the entirety of the territory that makes up all the districts of a canton.
As previously indicated, the planning and management of urban areas is central to land-use planning (ordenamiento territorial), due to its significant impact on the population's quality of life, territorial competitiveness, and environmental management.
Through the Regulatory Plan, the relationship between urban areas and other territorial units linked to the Planning Area can be addressed. Therefore, it is a means to achieve sustainable development25, by enabling the integrated planning and management of urban development and environmental conservation.
25 Article 2 of the General Regulation of the National Planning System (Reglamento General del Sistema Nacional de Planificación), Executive Decree (Decreto Ejecutivo) No. 37735-PLAN To achieve common goals and transcend the political-administrative boundaries of cantonal territories, two or more municipal governments can develop Regulatory Plans whose Planning Area encompasses territories of contiguous cantons.
Through the Regulatory Plan, the municipal government, together with the municipality, manages to plan and manage the consensual vision of urban development, as well as guide future economic, social, and environmental processes of the canton.
Therefore, the Regulatory Plan facilitates decision-making by the municipal government with a greater degree of certainty regarding the execution of actions in the territory. Once implemented, it makes it possible to examine the actions carried out and introduce the necessary corrective measures to achieve the goals set collectively. Some of the benefits obtained from a Regulatory Plan are:
Improvement in quality of life Increase in territorial competitiveness Sustainable use, management, and conservation of natural and cultural resources Linkage between urban and rural areas Guidance and control of urban development Promotion of access to housing, infrastructure, and urban services Generation of investment opportunities Management of risk and water resources 3.6. PRINCIPLES The principles that guide the development and management of Regulatory Plans (Planes Reguladores) and Urban Development Regulations (Reglamentos de Desarrollo Urbano) based on this Manual are indicated below. Municipal governments, the INVU, the SETENA, and other institutions with authority in this area must ensure the application of these principles.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Principle of inter-institutional coordination26 26 Article 5.b of the General Regulation of the National Planning System, Executive Decree No. 37735-PLAN, Article 5 of the Municipal Code (Código Municipal) No. 7794, article 4.2, guideline 20 of the National Land-Use Planning Policy 2012 to 2040 (Política Nacional de Ordenamiento Territorial 2012 a 2040) Executive Decree No. 37623-PLAN-MINAET-MIVAH, Article 6 of the Regulation to Law No. 8220 on the Protection of the Citizen from Excessive Bureaucratic Procedures and Administrative Requirements (Reglamento a la Ley N°8220 de Protección al Ciudadano del Exceso de Trámites y Requisitos Administrativos) Executive Decree No. 37045-MP-MEIC, Vote (Voto) No. 6706-93 of December 21, 1993 and Vote No. 5445-99 of July 14, 1999 Principle of integration27 27 Article 5.f of the General Regulation of the National Planning System, Executive Decree No. 37735-PLAN, Article 4.1 and guideline 21 of the National Land-Use Planning Policy 2012 to 2040, Executive Decree No. 37623-PLAN-MINAET-MIVAH.
Principle of citizen participation28 28 Article 5 of the Municipal Code No. 7794, Articles 2 and 16 of the General Regulation of the National Planning System, Executive Decree No. 37735-PLAN and Articles 6 and 29 subsection d) of the Organic Environmental Law (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente) No. 7554 Principle of general interest Principle of sustainable development29 29 Articles 2 and 29 subsection c) of the Organic Environmental Law No. 7554 The planning and management of actions in the territory must be jointly agreed upon among institutional actors, respecting the corresponding authorities, in order to act in a coordinated manner, bringing efforts together toward the same end.
Instruments for territorial planning and management must be articulated and complement each other, both among the different territorial levels and among the different categories and units that affect a territory.
The active, conscious, and democratic participation of diverse social actors must be promoted, favoring their incorporation into decision-making processes, the execution of actions, and accountability.
The prevalence of the general interest over the particular must prevail in aspects such as the optimal use of land and natural resources, as well as in other central themes for urban and territorial development.
Urban planning and management must promote the sustainable transformation of the territory, seeking a balance among the economic, social, and environmental dimensions, proposing alternatives that meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Table No. 1. Principles 3.7. APPROACH The approaches that guide the development and management of Regulatory Plans based on this Manual are indicated below.
| Multidisciplinary and systemic approach | Continuous, prospective, and adaptive approach |
|---|---|
| The territory is addressed from multiple perspectives and disciplines in a systemic manner, considering the interconnections among the various territorial levels and units, as well as among internal and external elements and processes. | Planning and management of the territory is a sustained exercise over time through which strategies are proposed to achieve a collectively agreed-upon vision of future development. Furthermore, it implies an exercise of constant adaptation to the inherent transformations of the territory. |
Table No. 2. Approach
DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF THE REGULATORY PLAN This chapter indicates the procedure that can be carried out to develop a Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the related Urban Development Regulations (Reglamentos de Desarrollo Urbano), based on the legal and conceptual frameworks set out in the previous chapters. This procedure is called the Development Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Fase de elaboración del Plan Regulador) and consists of four stages:
4.1. First Stage: Preliminary Preparation This corresponds to the activities carried out by the municipality to generate the necessary conditions for developing the Regulatory Plan.
Figure No. 2 indicates the activities that make up the First Stage, as well as the expected products resulting from the development of each activity.
4.1.1. Activities of the First Stage The activities that make up the First Stage are expanded upon below:
ü Activity 1.1. Designation of the Regulatory Plan Commission (Comisión de Plan Regulador) The municipality may designate a specialized local planning body called the Regulatory Plan Commission, as well as define its functions, which include:
Participating in the development of the Regulatory Plan Participating in the management of the Regulatory Plan Providing permanent support to the Planning Team (Equipo Planificador) during the Development Phase In designating the Regulatory Plan Commission, one or more of the following options may be chosen30:
30 Articles 59 and 60 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 and Article 13, Subsection m) of the Municipal Code No. 779 1. Designate a department of the municipality 2. Create a municipal office for that purpose 3. Create a commission or board In any case, the municipality may request the INVU to advise31 the Regulatory Plan Commission during the Development Phase of the Regulatory Plan.
Activity No. 1.2. Preliminary Delimitation of the Planning Area The municipality may preliminarily delimit the territory subject to planning, hereinafter referred to as the Planning Area, by textually describing the following:
Geographic and political-administrative limits Geographic coordinates using the CRTM-0532 system or current projection 32 Executive Decree No. 33797 Localities or neighborhoods that comprise it Reference points ü Activity No. 1.3. Estimation of the Global Budget (Presupuesto Global) To have an estimate of the financing that needs to be managed, the municipality may prepare a Global Budget for the cost of developing the following stages of the Development Phase of the Regulatory Plan:
Second Stage: Territorial diagnosis (Diagnóstico territorial) Third Stage: Formulation of the proposal Fourth Stage: Advisory, review, and adoption of a new Regulatory Plan ü Activity No. 1.4. Financing Management Once it has a Global Budget, the municipality may manage the financial resources required to carry out the stages indicated in Activity 1.3. Such management may be carried out before the IFAM, MIDEPLAN, as well as other entities that offer financing for this purpose. It is advisable that before starting the subsequent stages, the municipality has a secured source of financing to bring the procedure to a conclusion.
ü Activity No. 1.5. Preparation of Terms of Reference (Términos de Referencia) The municipality may prepare the Terms of Reference for the development of the stages indicated in Activity 1.3, considering the preliminarily delimited Planning Area. Annex 1 (Anexo 1) expands on the contents of the Terms of Reference.
ü Activity No. 1.6. Review of offers and selection of the Planning Team The municipality may review proposals to carry out the stages indicated in Activity 31 Articles 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 1.3; based on what is indicated in the Terms of Reference. The proposals may be submitted by bidders such as the INVU or private firms. Upon review of the offers, the municipality may designate or contract a multidisciplinary team, hereinafter referred to as the Planning Team, responsible for the functions defined in the Terms of Reference.
In the designation or contracting of the Planning Team, one of the following options33 may be chosen:
33 Article 61 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Figure No. 3: Flowchart of the Second Stage "Territorial Diagnosis" 1. Designate the Regulatory Plan Commission as the Planning Team (municipal department, municipal office, board or commission) 2. Contract the INVU as the Planning Team, through the formalization of an agreement.
3. Contract one or more private firms as the Planning Team.
In the second and third cases, the Planning Team may receive support from the Regulatory Plan Commission during the term of its contract.
The Planning Team is made up of professionals specialized in different areas, whose selection is not a mere administrative contracting procedure; rather, the rigor in its selection is decisive in generating the expected products. It is advisable that the multidisciplinary work of the Planning Team be led by a coordinating person (persona coordinadora) with proven experience in urban planning, land-use planning, project administration, as well as a generalist knowledge of the work of each of the disciplines represented in the Planning Team. The coordinating person has, among their responsibilities, those indicated below:
Prepare and follow up on the Work Plan (Plan de Trabajo) and the Schedule (Cronograma) Designate professionals responsible for each of the axes and specific studies Formulate, apply, and monitor the general methodology Integrate the individualized methodologies for addressing each axis and specific study into the general methodology Stimulate the transfer of knowledge within the Planning Team Supervise, review, and unify the analysis of all axes, as well as the specific studies in the Unified Diagnosis (Diagnóstico unificado) Direct the formulation of the proposal based on the results of the Unified Diagnosis, guiding the Planning Team in generating the products of each stage Submit reports and results to the Regulatory Plan Commission Incorporate the corresponding observations derived from the Public Hearing (Audiencia Pública) It is advisable that all members of the Planning Team participate in working sessions during all stages of the procedure, until its conclusion, collectively agreeing upon and validating all products generated. As a result, a product is expected that is not prepared by one or two professionals, but rather jointly by a multidisciplinary team, in which all variables, themes, and axes have been sufficiently discussed and considered internally within the Planning Team, in addition to being contrasted, agreed upon, and validated with the social actors linked to the Planning Area.
4.1.2. Products of the First Stage The products resulting from the execution of the various activities that comprise this stage are as follows:
Designation of the Regulatory Plan Commission Textual description of the preliminarily delimited Planning Area Document entitled "Global Budget" Secured source of financing Terms of Reference Selection of the Planning Team 4.2. Second Stage: Territorial Diagnosis This corresponds to the activities carried out by the Planning Team, in order to perform the analysis of the current state of the Planning Area. In the development of the activities of this stage, the Planning Team may receive support from the Regulatory Plan Commission.
In the Territorial Diagnosis, the territory is characterized and analyzed as a system made up of a complex network in which various territorial units, elements, and processes interrelate in the same physical space. It may comprise, among others, various themes, variables, and indicators that make up the following axes:
Social Axis (Eje Social) Physical-Spatial Axis (Eje Físico-Espacial) Economic Axis (Eje Económico) Institutional Political Axis (Eje Político Institucional) Legal Axis (Eje Jurídico) Environmental Axis (Eje Ambiental) Through the Analysis by Axis and the Unified Analysis carried out during the Territorial Diagnosis Stage, findings regarding potentialities, limitations, needs, and territorial impacts can be identified. Therefore, the resources available in the territory, what it produces, its vocation, the carrying capacity of human activities, the characteristics of its population, its needs and expectations, among others, are determined.
From a methodological perspective, starting from the Territorial Diagnosis Stage, the importance of the composition and selection of a multidisciplinary Planning Team is evident, one that addresses the analysis of the territory from multiple perspectives in a systemic way, considering the interconnections among the various territorial levels and units, as well as among internal and external elements and processes. Therefore, this stage implies the analysis of phenomena and processes that are not self-explanatory; that become comprehensible only when combined with other variables external to the specific field, making multidisciplinary work and discussion indispensable.
The incorporation of various social actors during the Territorial Diagnosis Stage, through a participatory process, is key, as it facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and particularities of the Planning Area, making knowledge of said territory accessible from a primary source: the municipality and all the actors linked to it.
It is advisable that all cartographic products prepared in the various activities that make up the Second Stage be guided by the provisions of Annex 5 (Anexo 5) of this Manual and must be included in the Cartographic Atlas (Atlas Cartográfico).
Figure No. 3 indicates the activities that make up the Second Stage, as well as the expected products resulting from the development of each activity.
The development of the Territorial Diagnosis can be guided by the following questions:
What is the current state of the territory?
Refers to the quantity, quality, and availability of resources in the Planning Area, as well as the current state or condition of said territory.
What, why, and who is impacting the territory negatively or positively?
Refers to the pressure exerted by factors, agents, or social actors, through the occupation, use, and usufruct of the Planning Area.
What actions have been carried out to resolve limitations, needs, and territorial impacts, as well as to strengthen territorial potentialities?
Refers to the current management in the Planning Area by local, regional, or national level entities, through the implementation of policies, plans, projects, strategic actions, controls, regulations, among others; with the purpose of harmonizing the well-being of the population with the use and conservation of environmental resources, as well as optimally locating in the territory the economic activities, productive activities, human settlements, public areas, among others.
4.2.1. Activities of the Second Stage The activities that make up the Second Stage are expanded upon below:
ü Activity No. 2.1. Formulation of the Methodological Framework (Marco Metodológico) Within a research process, regardless of the object of study, methodology is key to obtaining precise results. For the purposes of this Manual, the object of study of urban planning and land-use planning is the territory.
Therefore, an adequate formulation, application, monitoring, and control of the methodological proposal applied to urban planning and land-use planning contributes to substantially improving the results obtained. In the first instance, it guides the analysis developed by the Planning Team during the Territorial Diagnosis Stage, by improving the contact and understanding of the current reality of the territory under analysis and facilitating reflection on the possible generating causes of the limitations, potentialities, needs, and territorial impacts identified. Subsequently, during the Stage of Formulation of the Proposal, the methodology allows for the proposal of solutions aimed at addressing the limitations, potentialities, needs, and territorial impacts identified in the specific Planning Area and integrating them into the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations.
Finally, as urban planning and land-use planning are longitudinal research processes, sustained over a determined period of time, they require adaptation to constant territorial transformations. During the Management Stage of the Regulatory Plan, the methodological proposal allows for the establishment of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for the implementation of the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations, in order to verify their impacts within the Planning Area and determine the needs for modification, suspension, or repeal.
Therefore, it is advisable that the Planning Team formulate a methodological proposal, based on the multidisciplinary and systemic approach, as well as on the principle of citizen participation, which functions as a complementary tool to the Work Plan and Schedule developed in Activity 2.2. The methodological proposal is consolidated into a document called the "Methodological Framework," which addresses the following stages of the Development Phase of the Regulatory Plan:
Second Stage: Territorial Diagnosis Third Stage: Formulation of the proposal Fourth Stage: Advisory, review, and adoption of a new Regulatory Plan The Methodological Framework indicates the instruments, studies, techniques, variables, and procedures that the Planning Team determines for the integrated and systemic approach to the various themes, variables, and indicators that make up the following axes:
Social Axis Physical-Spatial Axis Economic Axis Institutional Political Axis Legal Axis Additionally, it must integrate those instruments, studies, techniques, variables, and procedures defined by the SETENA in its current regulations for addressing the Environmental Axis (Environmental Variable) (Thus amended the preceding paragraph by ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Multidisciplinary and systemic approach in the methodological proposal It is advisable that the Methodological Framework contain both a general methodology and the individualized methodologies for addressing the axes mentioned above; as well as for the development of the corresponding specific studies.
The responsibility for the formulation, application, control, and monitoring of the general methodology lies with the coordinating person of the Planning Team. Likewise, it is the responsibility of the coordinating person to define the members of the Planning Team responsible for addressing each axis or specific study, during all stages indicated at the beginning of this Activity. The general methodology sets out the instruments, studies, techniques, and procedures for the development of Activities 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, all the activities of the Third Stage, as well as those corresponding to the Fourth Stage of this Manual (analysis of all axes, unified analysis, formulation of the proposal, management of environmental feasibility, Public Hearing and incorporation of changes or inclusions to the proposal, among others). In addition, the individualized methodologies for addressing each of the axes and required specialized studies are contemplated and integrated.
The integrative dynamics and interaction mechanisms of the members of the Planning Team during the development of their work are also indicated.
In the individualized methodologies, the instruments, studies, techniques, and procedures are set out through which each axis is addressed, taking into consideration its integration into the general methodology. The formulation, application, monitoring, and control of each of the individualized methodologies is the responsibility of the persons responsible for addressing the corresponding axis or specific study.
It is advisable to hold constant working sessions among all members of the Planning Team, particularly among those responsible for each axis or specific study, in which space is prioritized for constructive and creative discussions. It is also advisable to constantly systematize information, analysis, and socialization of the advances and findings considered important for the urban planning and land-use planning process.
Citizen participation as a principle of the methodological proposal Currently, citizen participation is a constant demand in the majority of societies and countries of the world; Costa Rica does not escape this trend. Citizen participation is a fundamental principle in the formulation of public policies, planning instruments, as well as regulatory instruments.
Through citizen participation, social actors demand to participate more and more directly in decision-making of different orders in society; including those related to urban development. Therefore, decisions that directly or indirectly affect the social actors linked to a Planning Area must have democratic support, insofar as they are based on a principle of political legitimacy guaranteed by real incorporation, through the opening of spaces for citizen participation.
It is essential to promote active, conscious, and democratic participation of the diverse social actors linked to the Planning Area during the procedure for developing and managing the Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations. Their incorporation into decision-making processes, execution of actions, and accountability must also be favored. Consequently, they must be incorporated as central actors and not merely in a consultative capacity.
Therefore, it is recommended that the Methodological Framework consider the following:
Conduct broad dissemination and convening, including social actors linked to the entire Planning Area Use accessible and inclusive communication media, including digital, print, and in-person media, with emphasis on those with a local presence Convene strategic social actors directly Promote the active participation of social actors during all stages Provide support and advice to social actors during the process Prepare periodic progress reports for the social actors involved in the participatory process and for the general public Document and systematize the involvement of the different social actors Below are some participatory techniques that can be incorporated into the Methodological Framework:
Conferences Seminars Focus groups Workshops Roundtables Advisory committees Information dissemination Participatory mapping Life histories or testimonies Interviews with key informants Participatory design Design thinking Citizen science Data mining Surveys ü Activity No. 2.2. Formulation of the Work Plan and Schedule It is advisable that the Planning Team formulate a document called "Work Plan and Schedule," in which the activities, tasks, and scheduling for addressing each of the axes and the development of the required specific studies are detailed, during the stages indicated in Activity 2.1.
The coordinating person of the Planning Team is responsible for formulating a Work Plan and Schedule, complementary to the Methodological Framework; they are also responsible for its follow-up.
ü Activity No. 2.3. Data Collection and Systematization Once the Methodological Framework, Work Plan, and Schedule are available, the Planning Team can begin the Territorial Diagnosis, carrying out the collection of the data required to analyze the following axes:
This activity may include the review of primary and secondary sources, contemplating techniques specific to each discipline, such as: observation, sampling, surveys, among others. It is recommended that the data collected correspond to a current time period.
It is advisable to emphasize the primary data provided by the social actors involved through participatory processes, in order to identify their perception regarding the specific topics addressed in each of the axes.
For this, it is advisable to use participatory techniques such as: focus groups, interviews with key informants, surveys with random sampling, participatory mapping, life histories or testimonies, data mining, and citizen science; involving as many participants as possible.
It is advisable that the collected data be systematized considering aspects such as source, date of publication, quality, detail, level, availability, among others, in order to identify the scope and limitations to which the subsequent analysis will be subject.
It is recommended that during this activity, there be a constant socialization of the findings identified among the members of the Planning Team, including the coordinating person.
ü Activity No. 2.4. Preparation of the Base Map (Mapa Base) Based on the data collected, the Planning Team can carry out the definitive delimitation of the Planning Area, through its cartographic representation on the Base Map. The definition of the Planning Area responds to the scope and limitations derived from the availability and quality of the collected data.
The Base Map includes all the cartographic layers indicated in Annex 5, available on the Web Geo-service: http://www.snitcr.go.cr, as well as the geographic and political-administrative limits and the geographic coordinates using the CRTM-0534 system or current projection.
34 Executive Decree No. 33797 The recommended scales to use in the Base Map are:
1:10,000 1:25,000 The selection of the scales depends on the extension of the Planning Area to be represented, as well as on the layers to be included, in order to ensure that the information contained in the Base Map is legible.
ü Activity No. 2.5. Analysis by Axis Once sufficient data has been collected, the professionals responsible for each of the axes indicated in Table No. 3 of this Manual, as well as for the specific studies, can carry out the Analysis by Axis, based on the individualized methodologies set out in Activity 2.1 for addressing each of the axes. The coordinator of the Planning Team is responsible for supervising and reviewing the analysis of each of the axes, as well as the specific studies.
It is recommended to use the SWOT technique or another relevant one to develop the analysis of each axis, considering the relationship between the variables that make up each particular topic, as well as the relationship between the various topics.
The development of the Analysis by Axis is systematized in a document called the "Territorial Diagnosis" (Diagnóstico Territorial), in which the current state of each of the topics that make up the axes is described textually, including graphic elements that reinforce these contents (tables, diagrams, illustrations, photographs, cartograms, histograms, timelines, among others).
Additionally, the analysis of the topics that make up each axis is represented in the Cartographic Atlas in the Thematic Maps, taking into consideration what is indicated in Annex 5 of this Manual.
The Territorial Diagnosis of every Plan Regulador must cover the topics indicated below35:
35 Article 16 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Population Land use Circulation Community services Public services Housing Urban renewal Environment Furthermore, other additional topics can be covered, such as those included in Tables No. 4-9 of this Manual.
As indicated in Activity 2.1, for the analysis of the Social, Physical-spatial, Economic, and Political-Institutional axes, the techniques and procedures defined by the Planning Team in the Methodological Framework can be used.
While for the analysis of the Environmental Axis, the procedures established by SETENA in its current regulations must be used.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) It is advisable that during this activity, broad participation of various social actors linked to the Planning Area be carried out, in order to strengthen the incorporation of multiple and pertinent perspectives in the analysis of the current territorial situation. It is advisable to socialize the findings identified through periodic progress reports, as well as to use participatory techniques such as: focus groups, workshops, round tables, advisory committees, participatory mapping, design thinking, data mining, among others.
Below, each of the axes is elaborated upon, indicating the topics to consider in each one. Some variables associated with each topic are also indicated. This list is not exhaustive and it is advisable that it be adapted to the particular requirements of each territory; with the exception of the Environmental Axis, whose variables must respond to those defined by SETENA in its current regulations.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Physical-spatial Axis The analysis of the Physical-spatial Axis contemplates the natural and artificial aspects that currently characterize the territorial system, considering the various units, elements, and processes that comprise it, including the processes of appropriation, occupation, and use of the territory. Therefore, it covers the location, forms, growth patterns, characteristics, and functions of urban areas and other population centers in the territory.
Likewise, it includes the connectivity between these centers, as well as the infrastructure, channels, location, access, and conditions for mobilization within the territory, both for the population and for goods. Furthermore, it covers the analysis regarding the coverage, condition, demand, and quality of community facilities, public services, as well as green areas, and their relationship with the population's quality of life. This axis also contemplates the current land use, which constitutes one of the central topics of the Territorial Diagnosis.
Below are the topics, variables, and products contemplated in the analysis of the Physical-spatial Axis:
Social Axis Currently, in urban planning and land-use planning (ordenamiento territorial), the social axis has taken on an unusual relevance. The reason lies precisely in the increasing complexity of societies and territories, where the socio-demographic structure undergoes significant changes with respect to traditional trends, variations in family composition, birth and mortality rates, as well as the population pyramid structure.
The analysis of the Social Axis contemplates the socio-demographic structure as a relevant object of study, due to its relationship with the quality, coverage, and distribution of services and public infrastructure, as well as the densities and concentrations of population in the territory.
Below are the topics, variables, and products contemplated in the analysis of the Social Axis:
Economic Axis The analysis of the Economic Axis contemplates the development and competitiveness model of the territory under study, including its usufruct. In addition, it covers the analysis of the land market as a central component in urban planning and land-use planning, as it is a determining factor in aspects such as access to housing, land tenure, informality, among others. Likewise, it covers the topic of taxation as a central element for municipal investment.
Contrary to traditional practice that tends to make the analysis of the economic axis invisible through the hybrid concept of "socioeconomic," its approach is recommended individually in an initial stage, in order to understand in its proper dimension its impact on the population's quality of life.
Below are the topics, variables, and products contemplated in the analysis of the Economic Axis:
Legal Axis The analysis of the Legal Axis contemplates the compilation of the current legal-regulatory framework and its relationship with the legal structure, which allows for an analytical interpretation of the legal matter linked to urban planning and land-use planning in its different fields.
Below are the topics, variables, and products contemplated in the analysis of the Legal Axis:
TABLE No. 8 Institutional Axis (Thus amended the previous name through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Political-Institutional Axis The analysis of the Political-Institutional Axis contemplates the functioning and operability, in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, of the instances at the local, regional, and national levels with respect to the territory and its inhabitants.
Below are the topics, variables, and products contemplated in the analysis of the Political-Institutional Axis:
TABLE No. 7 Legal Axis (Thus amended the previous name through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Environmental Axis The analysis of the Environmental Axis (Environmental Variable) carried out in this activity corresponds to that requested by SETENA; therefore, the procedures established by said institution in its current regulations must be followed.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Because the analysis of the Environmental Axis is an integral part of the Territorial Diagnosis, it is advisable that the person responsible for carrying it out attend the multidisciplinary work sessions with the same frequency as the rest of the Planning Team and socialize the findings identified during the analysis.
Below are the topics, variables, and products contemplated in the analysis of the Environmental Axis:
Hydrogeology (Repealed this topic through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) - Hydrographic basins (Repealed this topic through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) - Hydrogeological map - Generic Matrix of SENARA - Prose description of the analysis of the hydrographic basins variable of the "Hydrogeology" topic (Repealed this topic through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) ü Activity No. 2.6. Identification of results by axis To complete the Analysis by Axis carried out in Activity 2.5, it is advisable that the Planning Team identify, represent, and georeference in the Planning Area the findings identified in each of the axes, including the Environmental Axis (Environmental Variable), in relation to the following:
Potentialities: Conditions that positively drive territorial development Limitations: Conditions that limit territorial development Needs: Indispensable requirements for territorial development Territorial impacts: Positive and negative consequences derived from the occupation, use, and usufruct of the Planning Area by various factors, agents, and social actors.
It is the responsibility of the person in charge of addressing each axis to select, classify, and prioritize the findings that are advisable to take into consideration during the Unified Analysis, based on technical and scientific criteria.
Like the development of the Analysis by Axis, the identified findings are described textually in the document called the "Territorial Diagnosis" (Diagnóstico Territorial); including graphic elements that reinforce these contents, such as tables, diagrams, illustrations, photographs, cartograms, histograms, timelines, among others.
Additionally, the identified findings are represented and georeferenced in the Cartographic Atlas, in the Diagnostic Result Maps by axis; taking into consideration what is indicated in Annex 5 of this Manual and resulting in at least one map of this type for the Social, Physical-spatial, Economic, and Environmental axes.
ü Activity No. 2.7. Unified Analysis In Activities 2.5 and 2.6, the application of individualized methodologies allows for specificity in the analysis of the territory from the six indicated axes. However, it is advisable that the Planning Team carry out a unified analysis exercise, based on the general methodology set out in Activity 2.1.
Through the Unified Analysis, the interaction of topics belonging to different axes is analyzed, in terms of their potentialities, limitations, needs, and territorial impacts; which allows for an understanding of the territory as a systemic unit, in which various units, elements, and territorial processes of a physical-spatial, social, economic, political, environmental, and legal nature interrelate in the same physical space. Therefore, the Unified Analysis depends on a constant transfer of knowledge among the people who make up the Planning Team.
It is advisable that, within the Planning Team, a cross-analysis of the findings selected, classified, and prioritized during Activity 2.6 (including the Environmental Axis) be socialized, discussed, and developed. Furthermore, it is advisable that the overlaying of the Diagnostic Result Maps by axis and the corresponding map algebra be carried out using a GIS.
As a result of the Unified Analysis, the identification, representation, and georeferencing of the main findings that are advisable to take into consideration to prepare the proposal during the Third Stage are obtained.
The findings identified in the Unified Analysis are described textually in the document called the "Territorial Diagnosis" (Diagnóstico Territorial), including graphic elements that reinforce these contents, such as tables, diagrams, illustrations, photographs, thematic maps, cartograms, histograms, timelines, among others. Additionally, the findings identified in this activity are represented and georeferenced in the Cartographic Atlas, in the Unified Map of the Territorial Diagnosis.
It is advisable that, in parallel to the multidisciplinary work developed by the Planning Team, various social actors be actively incorporated during this Activity, with the purpose of strengthening their participation in the definition of the potentialities, limitations, needs, and territorial impacts on which the development of the Plan Regulador proposal and Urban Development Regulations is based.
Through a rigorous participatory process during this activity, the Planning Team can enrich its comprehensive understanding of the territory by obtaining feedback on both the Analysis by Axis and the Unified Analysis from various social actors with direct and close knowledge of the object of study. Furthermore, it can validate the identified findings to verify their veracity.
It should be noted that the opening of spaces for participation of various social actors from the Territorial Diagnosis Stage fosters their subsequent incorporation in the proposal formulation stage, as well as in the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation stage. It is advisable to use participatory techniques such as: workshops, discussions, forums, open houses, focus groups, or round tables.
4.2.2. Products of the Second Stage The resulting products after the execution of the various activities that make up this stage are the following:
Document titled "Methodological Framework" (Marco Metodológico) Document titled "Work Plan and Schedule" (Plan de Trabajo y Cronograma) Document titled "Territorial Diagnosis" (Diagnóstico Territorial) which includes:
- Development and findings of the analysis for the following axes: Social, Physical-spatial, Environmental, Economic, Political-institutional, and Legal (including the products indicated in Tables 4-9) - Development and findings of the Unified Analysis Cartographic Atlas36 which includes:
36 In the following stages, cartographic products to be incorporated into the Cartographic Atlas are generated.
- Base Map - Thematic Maps - Diagnostic Result Maps for the Social, Physical-spatial, Economic, Environmental axes - Unified Diagnosis Map 4.3. Third Stage: Formulation of the Proposal Corresponds to the activities developed by the Planning Team, in order to formulate a proposal, called "Plan Regulador and Urban Development Regulations" (Plan Regulador y Reglamentos de Desarrollo Urbano), through which urban development in the Planning Area is planned and managed. This proposal consists of the following components:
Urban Development Policy Strategic Actions Urban Development Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy for the Plan Regulador Official Map Zoning Map It is advisable that in the formulation of the proposal, the relationship between urban areas and other territorial units linked to the Planning Area be considered, such as the ABRE, even when these are excluded from the application of the Plan Regulador and the Urban Development Regulations.
This implies the articulation of the Plan Regulador and Urban Development Regulations with various current planning instruments. On this topic, refer to section 3.4.2 of this Manual.
The incorporation of various social actors during this Stage through a participatory process is indispensable, as it fosters the definition of consensus and validation bases that strengthen the formulation and subsequent management of the proposal.
Figure No. 4 indicates the activities that make up the Third Stage, as well as the expected products resulting from the development of each activity.
4.3.1. Activities of the Third Stage Below, the activities that make up the Third Stage are elaborated upon:
ü Activity No. 3.1. Formulation of the Urban Development Policy The Planning Team must formulate an Urban Development Policy37 for the Planning Area, based on the findings obtained in the Unified Analysis developed during the Territorial Diagnosis Stage. For the drafting of the document called "Urban Development Policy" (Política de Desarrollo Urbano), it is recommended to consider the guidelines that MIDEPLAN publishes on the matter.
37 Article 16 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 The components of the Urban Development Policy are:
Urban development objectives Temporal horizon of the Plan Regulador Principles on which it is based Regulations on which it is based The urban development objectives respond to the findings (potentialities, limitations, needs, and territorial impacts) identified in the Unified Analysis during Activity 2.7.
In determining the urban development objectives, the contributions made by various social actors linked to the Planning Area must be taken into consideration, in order to ensure that the general interest is reflected in the Urban Development Policy.
The period established for the fulfillment of all urban development objectives corresponds to the temporal horizon of the Plan Regulador. It is recommended that this period not exceed twenty years from its approval by the INVU.
ü Activity 3.2. Territorial Forecast ü Through the territorial forecast, future "models" or "scenarios" of urban development that may be achieved in the Planning Area, after the execution of various Strategic Actions, can be predicted.
The various projected scenarios or models can be analyzed comparatively by the Planning Team, together with the various social actors through participatory techniques such as focus groups, workshops, round tables, participatory mapping, design thinking, among others.
Therefore, the Territorial Forecast makes it possible to technically substantiate and validate decision-making regarding the selection of the most viable alternative to carry out the objectives proposed in the Urban Development Policy.
It is recommended that the development of the territorial forecast be supported by graphic and cartographic representation methods and techniques, in order to facilitate the understanding of the scenarios proposed by all participating social actors.
ü Activity No. 3.3. Formulation of Strategic Actions It is advisable that the Planning Team formulate one or several Strategic Actions to be executed during the Management Phase of the Plan Regulador, which contribute to achieving each of the urban development objectives defined in Activity 3.1. Subsequently, in Activity 3.6, the global goals, annual goals, compliance indicators or verifiers, those responsible for execution, and the investment required for the execution of each of the Strategic Actions proposed are set forth.
ü Activity No. 3.4. Formulation of the Urban Development Regulations The Planning Team must formulate the Urban Development Regulations related to the Plan Regulador, taking into consideration the Urban Development Policy proposed and the findings identified in the Unified Analysis developed in the Territorial Diagnosis. These regulations indicate the urbanistic parameters according to the matter regulated by each one.
Every proposal must include at least the Urban Development Regulations indicated below38:
38 Article 21 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Zoning Subdivision (Fraccionamiento) and Urbanization Official Map Urban Renewal Constructions Additionally, as deemed convenient, other additional regulations may be formulated, such as:
Roads Mobility Public space Landscape Urban form Outdoor advertising Land management instruments Architectural and intangible heritage The Road Regulation (Reglamento de Vialidad) is particularly important, because it is the instrument that promotes and regulates connectivity, road redundancy, mobility, among other central topics for urban development.
With the aim of encouraging land management through the Urban Development Regulations, instruments for land management39 can be included, such as betterment capture, special contributions or valorization charges, additional construction and development rights, concession of buildable potential for investment in public space, progressive property tax, land readjustment, transfer of development rights or compensation, preferential right of the State for the acquisition of urban land, constitution of Public Mixed-Economy Companies, incentivizable practices and incentives related to urban regulations, as well as any other instrument that the Legal Framework enables. In any case, for the application of instruments for land management, it is required to establish a specific methodology, under the protection of current regulations.
39 Chapter 11 of the National Land-Use Planning Policy 2010 to 2040, Executive Decree No. 37623-PLAN-MINAET-MIVAH In order to facilitate the application of the Urban Development Regulations, it is recommended that their contents be presented textually, including graphic elements that reinforce their contents, such as tables, diagrams, illustrations, photographs, among others; as well as cartographic products where applicable.
If the municipal government so decides, it may take as a reference or input the national-level Regulations issued by the INVU40 for the development of the Urban Development Regulations.
40 Transitory II of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Below, each of the Urban Development Regulations that must be contained in the proposal is elaborated upon.
Zoning Regulation41 41 Chapter Three of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 It consists of the division of the Planning Area into use zones, covering at least the urban area.
The proposed division must be represented on a Zoning Map. Among the topics regulated by this regulation are the following:
Use of land, buildings, and structures; indicating permitted, non-conforming, conditional, and prohibited uses.
(Thus amended the preceding point through ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Location, maximum height, and floor area of buildings Coverage, surface area, dimensions, setbacks (retiros), yards, and other open spaces on lots Characteristics, size, and location of advertising Any other urbanistic, architectural, or other element related to land use Urban quadrants City quadrants Urban expansion areas Subdivision and Urbanization Regulation (Reglamento de Fraccionamiento y Urbanización)42 42 Chapter Four of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 It consists of the indication of the conditions for allowing or not allowing subdivisions (fraccionamientos) and urbanizations in the Planning Area. Among the topics regulated by this regulation are the following:
Access to public roads Block layout Dedication of areas for public use Public services Dimensions and characteristics of rights-of-way Urban Renewal Regulation43 43 Chapter Six of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 It consists of regulations to conserve, rehabilitate, or remodel defective, deteriorated, or decaying urban areas, taking into account inconvenient parceling or building, the lack of community services and facilities, or any other condition adverse to general safety, health, and welfare.
Among the topics regulated by this regulation are the following:
Types of intervention Causes for urban renewal Procedures for developing urban renewal processes Instruments for land management Incentivizable practices Incentives Areas with potential for urban renewal Official Map Regulation44 44 Chapter Five of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 It consists of the plan or set of plans in which the exact position of the layouts of public roads and areas to be reserved for community uses and services is indicated.
Among the topics regulated by this regulation are the following:
Reservations, acquisition, use, and conservation of areas necessary for roads, parks, plazas, buildings, and other community uses, expressing the location and size of those already dedicated to public service and those demarcated only preventively Those municipalities that have an updated cadastral mosaic can use it as a basis for preparing the Official Map. When preparing this map, it is recommended to do the following:
1. Identify existing municipal lands in the Planning Area.
2. Prepare a list of municipal lands classifying them according to their type (roads, parks, plazas, buildings, and other community uses) indicating their characteristics, such as dimensions, available services, existing infrastructure, existing equipment, and condition. In the case of lands located in an urbanization, the cadastral plan must be indicated.
3. Identify the lands necessary to address the territorial needs and conflicts identified in the territorial diagnosis.
The administration, including maintenance, of the lands identified on the Official Map is the responsibility of the municipality. The municipality may authorize that certain portions of these areas be administered directly by the state entities in charge of establishing the services or facilities of their respective competence therein. For the greater benefit of the community, the municipality may establish agreements with development associations for their use and maintenance, preserving the use established by Law.
Construction Regulation45 45 Chapter Seven of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 It consists of regulations regarding the safety, health, and ornament of buildings.
Among the topics regulated by this regulation are the following:
Construction permits Urban public roads Urban regulations Provisions for buildings Parking lots Construction materials Soils and foundations Fire protection of structures Safety and hygiene in construction Location, maximum height, and floor area of buildings Coverage, surface area, dimensions, setbacks (retiros), yards, and other open spaces on lots Characteristics, size, and location of advertising ü Activity No. 3.5. Preparation of the Zoning Map The Planning Team must formulate the Zoning Map complementary to the Zoning Regulation, for which it may take the following into consideration:
1. Identify the portions of the territory that correspond to Protection Areas, Risk Areas, ABRE, and subtract them from the Planning Area, in order to define the Area to be Zoned.
2. Overlay the Map of Current Land Use with the Unified Map of the Territorial Diagnosis, with the purpose of proposing a classification of the Planning Area into Land Use Zones, considering the potentialities, limitations, needs, and territorial impacts identified in Activity 2.7.
3. Prepare a preliminary zoning proposal that includes the classification of the proposed use of the properties that make up the usable area into Land Use Zones.
4. Present the preliminary zoning proposal to various social actors, through participatory workshops, with the purpose of analyzing, validating, and building a consensual zoning map.
5. Prepare the Zoning Map that includes the classification of the proposed use of the properties that make up the area to be zoned into Land Use Zones, considering the contributions of social actors, considering what is indicated in Annexes 5 and 7 of this Manual. It is recommended to add other Land Use Zones only if it is necessary to differentiate in terms of urban parameters.
The urban parameters for each of the Land Use Zones indicated on the Zoning Map are established in the Zoning, Subdivision and Urbanization, Construction, and Urban Renewal Regulations, as applicable.
ü Activity No. 3.6. Preparation of the Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy It is advisable that the Planning Team prepare a strategy to monitor and assess the implementation of the Plan Regulador and the Urban Development Regulations, considering the following:
Monitoring is a continuous function whose main objective is to provide municipalities and other social actors with early progress indicators regarding the fulfillment of the urban development objectives set forth in the Development Policy.
Evaluation objectively determines, based on periodic results, the impacts of the Plan Regulador and the Urban Development Regulations. Therefore, it is an exercise integrated into their implementation, which allows for identifying the adjustments required in terms of modification, suspension, or repeal.
For both monitoring and evaluation, it is necessary to establish or develop measurement and monitoring instruments that can be applied practically and objectively by the municipality.
It is recommended that, in order to carry out the monitoring and evaluation of the Urban Development Policy, as well as the Strategic Actions, the information requested in the "Regulatory Plan Monitoring Matrix" attached as Annex 8 of this Manual be completed.
To monitor and assess matters related to the Environmental Variable, the environmental monitoring and surveillance instruments defined by SETENA in its current regulations must be applied.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) Additionally, to monitor and assess the application of the Urban Development Regulations, additional measurement instruments, methods, and procedures may be proposed.
It is recommended that monitoring be carried out annually, throughout the entire time horizon of the Regulatory Plan, and that the evaluation be carried out every five years.
4.3.2. Products of the Third Stage The products resulting from the execution of the various activities that make up this stage are as follows:
Document titled "Urban Development Policy" which includes the following:
- Urban development objectives - Time horizon of the Regulatory Plan - Principles and regulations on which the Regulatory Plan is based Document titled "Urban Development Scenarios" Document titled "Strategic Actions" Document titled "Urban Development Regulations" which includes at least the following:
- Zoning Regulation - Subdivision (Fraccionamiento) and Urbanization Regulation - Urban Renewal Regulation - Construction Regulation Document titled "Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy for the Regulatory Plan " Cartographic Atlas that includes the following:
- Official Map - Zoning Map Upon finishing the Third Stage and having developed the activities indicated in this Manual, a proposal for a Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations is available containing the following:
Urban Development Policy Strategic Actions Urban Development Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy Cartographic atlas The Cartographic Atlas contains the following maps:
Base Map Thematic Maps Social Axis Diagnostic Results Map Physical-Spatial Diagnostic Results Map Economic Diagnostic Results Map Environmental Diagnostic Results Map Integrated Diagnostic Map Official Map Zoning Map 4.4. Fourth stage: Advisory, review, and adoption of a new Regulatory Plan This corresponds to the activities carried out by the municipal government to receive advisory services, submit the proposal for the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations for review, and subsequently proceed with their adoption. SENARA, SETENA, and INVU46 participate in a coordinated manner in the review of the proposal, according to their respective competencies.
46 In accordance with the principle of institutional and inter-institutional coordination, according to Article 6 of the Regulation to Law No. 8220 on the Protection of Citizens from Excessive Administrative Procedures and Requirements, Executive Decree No. 37045-MPMEIC (Note from Sinalevi: By ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021, the preceding figure was amended on the following points: " ") Figure No. 5 indicates the activities that make up the Fourth Stage, as well as the expected products resulting from the development of each activity.
4.4.1. Activities of the Fourth Stage The activities that make up the Fourth stage are expanded upon below:
ü Activity No. 4.1. Request advisory services and assistance from INVU The municipality may request advisory services and assistance from the INVU, by official letter or email, during the Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan.
This activity does not correspond to the review or approval of the Regulatory Plan.
ü Activity No. 4.2. INVU advisory services in coordination with SETENA and SENARA According to the institutional responsibility of advising and providing assistance to various social actors on the matter, when deemed necessary, the INVU may convene representatives of SETENA, SENARA, and the municipality to one or more working sessions to clarify aspects related to the Regulatory Plan. Should any of the mentioned entities require a session, it may send the request to the INVU so that the latter makes the respective call.
During this activity, each institution may pronounce itself according to its competencies47, in compliance with current regulations. Should any competent institution recommend making changes or inclusions to the proposal, it may communicate this by official letter to the municipal government.
47 The opinion issued by the INVU during Activity 4.2 does not correspond to a resolution of approval or rejection.
ü Activity No. 4.3. Management of Environmental Viability The municipality must manage the corresponding matters before SETENA regarding the environmental resolution and before SENARA regarding the hydrogeological resolution. Once both positive resolutions are obtained, it may proceed with Activity 4.4.
ü Activity No. 4.4. Public Hearing The municipal government must publicize and convene a Public Hearing, with the purpose of presenting the proposal for the Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, as well as receiving verbal and written observations from residents or interested parties48.
48 Article 17, Paragraph 1) and 23 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 The publicity and call are carried out through the official gazette La Gaceta and other additional means, whether digital, printed, radio, television, or in-person, with emphasis on those with a local presence. The publicity and call must be made at least 15 business days in advance, indicating the date, time, and place.
The Public Hearing constitutes an administrative, legal, and political act, which is conducted as an Extraordinary Session of the Municipal Council. Therefore, the Secretariat of the Municipal Council must document in minutes everything that occurs during said event, noting the place, date, and start time; said data must coincide with those indicated in the publicized call.
Furthermore, it is recommended that an attendance list of participants be drawn up, noting name, ID number, place of residence, contact information, among other data.
In order for participants in the Public Hearing to be able to examine the proposal for the Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, it is advisable for the Planning Team to present and explain all the products of the Third Stage.
Once the Public Hearing has been held, it is advisable for the Regulatory Plan Commission to deliver a report to the municipal government indicating the assessment of the verbal and written observations received during the Public Hearing, pointing out those deemed appropriate to incorporate, as well as those whose incorporation is dismissed.
ü Activity No. 4.5. Incorporate changes or inclusions into the proposal Should the municipal government consider that changes or inclusions to the proposal are required, it communicates this by agreement to the Regulatory Plan Commission, so that the latter manages the corresponding actions with the Planning Team to rectify the proposal.
It is the responsibility of the Planning Team to incorporate the changes or inclusions indicated by the Regulatory Plan Commission and to assemble the proposal for the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations that will be submitted by the municipal government to the INVU for review.
Based on the agreement of the municipal government, it is the Commission's responsibility to respond to the observations made by the participants in the Public Hearing.
ü Activity No. 4.6. Submission of the proposal for review When the municipal government has a proposal for the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations, it must submit, by Agreement49, the documentation that comprises it, according to Annex 4 of this Manual, attaching 3 printed copies and 3 digital copies, as well as the receipt of payment to the INVU for the regulatory plan review concept, by one of the following means:
49 Paragraph 12 of the Requirements Guide for the submission of plans and documents before the single window of the Urbanism Directorate, published in La Gaceta No. 156 of August 16, 2002 SNIT Geoportal, through the digital module defined for that purpose INVU Single Window50 50 Articles 1, 6, and 9 paragraph a) of the Organization and Service Regulation of the single window of the Urbanism Directorate, published in La Gaceta No. 156 of August 16, 2002 ü Activity No. 4.7. Review of the proposal for approval or rejection resolution by the INVU Once the documentation is received, at the INVU single window or the SNIT geoportal, as applicable, it is assigned an Expediente number51 and, within a period of less than 7 calendar days, it is forwarded to the INVU Urbanism Department.
51 Articles 3 paragraph i) and 9 paragraph b) of the Organization and Service Regulation of the single window of the Urbanism Directorate, published in La Gaceta No. 156 of August 16, 2002 Once the INVU Urbanism Department receives the documentation, it has a period not exceeding 3 calendar months to carry out the review.
Subsequently, the INVU Urbanism Department must communicate to the municipal government the resolution of approval or rejection52, based on technical and legal grounds, within a period not exceeding 3 calendar weeks.
52 Articles 10 paragraph 1), 17, paragraph 2) and 18 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 The INVU reviews the proposal based on the principles indicated in Table No. 1 of this Manual, considering the prevalence of the general interest over the particular interest.
In the event of a resolution of approval, the INVU sends the municipal government each of the copies of the delivered documentation, both physical and digital, duly signed and sealed.
Subsequently, the municipal government may proceed with the formal adoption of the approved Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations.
In the event of a resolution of rejection, the INVU communicates its observations to the municipal government by official letter, indicating the requested modifications or inclusions, with technical and legal grounds. Next, the municipal government may resume the preparation of the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations, in order to resolve what was requested.
In case of disagreement with the resolution issued by the INVU, the municipal government may request consideration from the INVU Board of Directors, with technical and legal grounds53.
53 Article 13 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 ü Activity No. 4.8. Adoption54 54 Should the municipal government need to interrupt the Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan before starting Activity 4.5, it is recommended that it communicate this by official letter to the competent entities on the matter and that said period does not exceed two years, so that the studies do not lose validity.
Once the resolution of approval for the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations is obtained from the INVU, the municipal government must agree to its formal adoption by an absolute majority of votes55.
55 Articles 10 paragraph 1) and 17, paragraph 3) of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240, in any case, within the time horizon period defined in the Urban Development Policy.
Once its formal adoption has been carried out, the application of both the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations is mandatory compliance within the Planning Area.
It is recommended that the proposal be adopted immediately once its approval has been ruled by the INVU, and ü Activity No. 4.9. Publication Subsequent to its adoption, the municipal government must publish in La Gaceta the agreed adoption notice, as well as the approved Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations, duly signed and sealed by the INVU, indicating the date from which its application enters into force56.
56 Article 17, Paragraphs 3) and 4) of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 4.4.2. Products of the Fourth Stage The binding products resulting from the execution of the various activities that make up this stage are as follows:
(This point was repealed by ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) SETENA environmental resolution Publication in La Gaceta of the call for the Public Hearing Proposed Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations with changes or inclusions resulting from the Public Hearing incorporated Municipal government agreement endorsing the submission of the proposal for review Official letter from INVU, addressed to the municipal government, including the resolution of approval or rejection57 of the proposal, with technical and legal grounds 57 Articles 10 paragraph 1), 17, paragraph 2) and 18 of the Urban Planning Law No. 4240 Digital and physical copies of the proposed Regulatory Plan, the Urban Development Regulations, and the Cartographic Atlas, signed and sealed (in case of approval) Municipal Agreement for the adoption of the approved Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations (in case of approval) Publication in La Gaceta regarding the agreed adoption notice, as well as the approved Regulatory Plan, the Urban Development Regulations, and the Zoning Map (only in case of approval) The optional products resulting from the execution of the various activities that make up this stage are as follows:
Official letter or email from the municipal government addressed to the INVU requesting advisory services and assistance Official letters from INVU, SETENA, and SENARA addressed to the municipal government indicating recommendations on changes or inclusions to the proposal, if any Report from the Regulatory Plan Commission addressed to the municipal government, with the assessment of the observations received at the Public Hearing, indicating which ones are deemed appropriate to incorporate and which to dismiss
REGULATORY PLAN MANAGEMENT PHASE This chapter indicates the procedure that can be carried out to manage the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations, once their publication is completed, as established in the previous chapter of this Manual. This phase is composed of three stages:
5.1. Fifth stage: Implementation, monitoring, and evaluation This corresponds to the activities carried out by the municipality to implement the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, in order to advance in the fulfillment of the objectives defined in the Urban Development Policy.
Additionally, it includes the activities through which said implementation is monitored annually and evaluated at least every five years, applying the pertinent instruments.
When appropriate, the municipality, as the entity responsible for the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the Regulatory Plan, may coordinate with the Regulatory Plan Commission.
Figure No. 6 indicates the activities that make up the Fifth Stage, as well as the expected products resulting from the development of each activity.
5.1.1. Activities of the Fifth Stage The activities that make up the Fifth stage are expanded upon below:
ü Activity 5.1. Designation of the Regulatory Plan Commission The municipality may designate the Regulatory Plan Commission that participated in the Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan to participate in the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations.
Likewise, the municipality may opt for one or several of the following options:
FIFTH STAGE:
Designate some dependency of the municipality Create a municipal office for that purpose Create a commission or board ü Activity No. 5.2. Implementation of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations To put the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations into practice, it is essential to execute the proposed Strategic Actions, in fulfillment of the annual goals indicated in the "Regulatory Plan Monitoring Matrix." Additionally, the Development Regulations must be applied and enforced.
It is recommended that the execution of the Strategic Actions be carried out with a participatory approach, facilitating social actors in exercising their right to be actively involved in the administration of the territory.
As part of the implementation, it is recommended that the municipality carry out broad dissemination and socialization of the contents of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, aimed at the social actors who participated in some way during the Preparation Phase, as well as the municipality in general. To this end, it is recommended to use accessible and inclusive communication media, including digital, printed, and in-person media, with special emphasis on those that have a local presence.
Likewise, it is recommended that the municipality provide accompaniment and advisory services to social actors who so request, in relation to the implementation of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations.
The coordination that must exist among all public entities and bodies when exercising their competencies and providing the services that the Legal System has assigned to them in matters of Urban Planning and Territorial Planning is of vital importance, in order to achieve the efficient and effective execution of the Regulatory Plan.
ü Activity No. 5.3. Annual Monitoring It is recommended that, parallel to the implementation indicated in Activity 5.2, the municipality carry out the respective monitoring of the implementation of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations.
To this end, it may apply, on an annual basis during the Time Horizon of the Regulatory Plan, the instruments defined in the "Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy for the Regulatory Plan" for that purpose.
Among the instruments that make up said Strategy are the following:
Regulatory Plan Monitoring Matrix included in Annex 8 Environmental monitoring and surveillance instruments defined by SETENA and SENARA in their current regulations Measurement instruments, methods, or additional procedures proposed for monitoring the application of the Urban Development Regulations, such as surveys, interviews, discussions, focus groups, analysis of municipal government minutes related to the Regulatory Plan theme, monitoring indicators, interviews with key informants (heads of Departments or Units for endorsements, urban development, among others), statistical analysis of land use certificates (certificado de uso del suelo), construction permits, business licenses, among others.
The information required to complete the aforementioned instruments is obtained from the implementation of the Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, as well as the participatory processes. The results obtained from the application of the instruments defined in the Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy for the Regulatory Plan are included in a document called "Annual Monitoring Report for the Regulatory Plan." ü Activity No. 5.4. Five-Yearly Evaluation It is recommended that at least every 5 years, the municipality evaluate the implementation of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, analyzing the results included in the "Annual Monitoring Reports for the Regulatory Plan," cross-referenced with other instruments available to the municipality, such as:
Five-Year Municipal Plan Cantonal Development Plan Municipal Development Plan Local Human Development Plan Annual Operational Plan Technical reports from municipal dependencies Some of the aspects to be assessed are the following:
Management of the Strategic Actions based on indicators or verifiers Percentage of fulfillment of the annual goals Performance of those responsible for executing the Strategic Actions in meeting the annual goals Budgetary availability for meeting the annual goals Results obtained during the participatory process developed in Activity 5.2 Compliance with the provisions of the Urban Development Regulations The results obtained from the evaluation carried out in this activity are captured in a document called "Five-Yearly Evaluation Report for the Regulatory Plan," which includes the corresponding recommendations and proposals for modification, suspension, or repeal, with technical and legal grounds.
It is recommended that during this activity, spaces for the participation of various social actors linked to the Planning Area be provided, in order to gather primary information regarding the real impact of the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations in fulfilling the collectively agreed urban development objectives. Furthermore, said spaces facilitate the validation of the results obtained through the application of the measurement and monitoring instruments proposed in the Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy. During this activity, it is advisable to use participatory techniques such as assemblies, workshops, discussions, forums, information dissemination, citizen science, surveys, interviews with key informants, among others.
5.1.2. Products of the Fifth Stage The binding products resulting from the execution of the various activities that make up this stage are as follows:
Executed Strategic Actions Applied Urban Development Regulations The optional products resulting from the execution of the various activities that make up this stage are as follows:
Designation of the Regulatory Plan Commission Document titled "Annual Monitoring Report for the Regulatory Plan" prepared annually during the Time Horizon of the Regulatory Plan Document titled "Five-Yearly Evaluation Report for the Regulatory Plan" prepared every five years during the Time Horizon of the Regulatory Plan.
5.2. Sixth stage: Modification, suspension, and repeal The municipality may modify, suspend, or repeal, totally or partially, the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, in compliance with the provisions of Article 17 of the Urban Planning Law. To carry out the activities of this Stage, it may select the Planning Team.
The concept and justifications for modification, suspension, or repeal are expanded upon below:
a. Modification Corresponds to the process through which the municipality carries out the transformation, alteration, or partial addition of the contents of the current Regulatory Plan or Urban Development Regulations.
It is recommended that partial modifications be made at least every 5 years, starting from their approval, based on what is indicated in the "Five-Yearly Evaluation Report for the Regulatory Plan." Among the possible modifications are the following:
Conform, align, or accommodate a cartographic element regarding its geographic location with respect to another reference cartographic element Make cartographic adjustments to adapt elements to the CRTM-05 geographic coordinate system or the current system Correct imperfections, defects, or omissions of form in the content of the Regulatory Plan and the Urban Development Regulations Introduce new regulations or modify existing ones in the current Urban Development Regulations Vary the land uses of the Zoning Map and their activities Modify the strategic actions and the Monitoring Strategy for the Regulatory Plan Integrate the Regulatory Plan with policies, plans, programs, projects, and strategic actions at the regional and national level Adjust political-administrative boundaries Adapt the original contents of the Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations to variations generated by risk situations or events Introduce or modify the urban renewal program Include the Environmental Variable It is recommended that the components of the Urban Development Policy indicated below not be subject to modification:
Urban development objectives Time horizon of the Regulatory Plan Principles Regulations on which it is based For those partial modifications that are referred to the transformation of the physical space, their location must be indicated in a district, or failing that, in a smaller territorial element, provided it conforms to geostatistical units. The foregoing is with the intention that they allow establishing their technical justification, as well as identifying their impact on the environment.
(Thus added the preceding paragraph by ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) If the proposed modification encompasses the entire canton, it will be understood as an update of the instrument as such, and therefore it will be subjected to all the activities outlined in section 4.2. Second stage: Territorial Diagnostic.
(Thus added the preceding paragraph by ordinary session No. 6520 of December 2, 2021) b. Suspension Consists of the process through which the municipality partially halts, during a defined period of time, the application of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations. The period of time during which the suspension is in effect must be technically and legally justified. It is recommended that every suspension process be carried out simultaneously with a modification process.
The suspension may be motivated, among others, by conditions such as those indicated below:
Risk situations that demand a total or partial modification of the Regulatory Plan to guarantee the safety of the municipality Affectations to the general interest caused by the application of the Regulatory Plan, verified technically and legally c. Repeal Corresponds to the process through which the municipality renders totally or partially without effect the current Regulatory Plan or Urban Development Regulations.
It is recommended that the repeal be carried out once the municipality has a new proposal approved by the INVU. In the absence of a new proposal, urban development norms at the national level apply.
The INVU Urbanism Directorate may communicate by official letter to both SETENA and SENARA regarding any repeal proposal that enters for review.
The repeal may be motivated, among others, by conditions such as those indicated below:
In the case of total repeal:
Enactment of a norm that renders the application of the Regulatory Plan or the Urban Development Regulations without effect In the case of partial repeal:
Satisfactory fulfillment of the global goals Regulatory Plan or the Urban Development Regulations that has been established for a determined time When a norm is rendered without effect due to its lack of practical application Enactment of a norm that renders the application of the Regulatory Plan or the Urban Development Regulations without effect Figure No. 7 indicates the activities that make up the Fifth Stage, as well as the expected products resulting from the development of each activity.
5.2.1. Activities of the Sixth Stage The activities that make up the Sixth stage are indicated below.
ü Activity No. 6.1. Estimation of the Global Budget The municipality may prepare a Global Budget on the cost of developing the Sixth and Seventh Stages of the Regulatory Plan Management Phase, in order to have an estimate of the financing it needs to manage.
ü Activity No. 6.2. Financing management Once it has a Global Budget, the municipality may manage the financial resources required to carry out the Sixth and Seventh Stages of the Regulatory Plan Management Phase, before the IFAM, the MIDEPLAN, as well as other entities that offer financing for that purpose. It is recommended that, prior to commencing the subsequent stages, the municipality have an assured source of financing to bring the procedure to a conclusion.
Activity No. 6.3. Formulation of the modification, suspension, or repeal proposal The municipality may formulate a proposal for modification, suspension, or repeal of the current Regulatory Plan and Urban Development Regulations, in accordance with the results indicated in the "Five-Yearly Evaluation Report for the Regulatory Plan" developed in Activity 5.4.
In all cases, the proposal must be technically and legally justified and includes the specific delimitation of the aspects to be modified, suspended, or repealed, as well as the affected Planning Area.
Consistent with the foregoing, the respective municipality must submit to the Urbanism Department of INVU, by written note in physical or digital form, a brief technical justification of the proposal for modification, suspension, or repeal, indicating whether it is partial or total. The foregoing is with the intention of obtaining the Approval (Visto Bueno) of the Urbanism Department, and subsequently continuing with the development of the resulting products. For the foregoing, the Institute shall have a period of 10 business days to issue the Approval (Visto Bueno).
(Thus added the preceding paragraph through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) This Approval (Visto Bueno) shall record the scope of the proposed modification, as well as the studies necessary to carry it out, so that the municipality may have clarity on the products to be delivered.
(Thus added the preceding paragraph through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) 5.2.2. Products of the Sixth Stage The binding products resulting from the execution of the various activities that comprise this stage are the following:
Document entitled "Modification of the Regulatory Plan (Modificación del Plan Regulador)"; "Suspension of the Regulatory Plan (Suspensión del Plan Regulador)" or "Repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Derogación del Plan Regulador)" The optional products resulting from the execution of the various activities that comprise this stage are the following:
Document entitled "Overall Budget (Presupuesto Global)" Secured funding source Terms of Reference Selection of the Planning Team (*)For the specific case of modifications to physical and regulatory elements, said document must contain, within the territorial diagnosis (Diagnóstico Territorial), a physical-spatial, social, economic, political-institutional, legal, and environmental analysis, as indicated in Activity 2.5. Analysis by Axis of this Manual, covering the themes, variables, and products noted from Table N°4 to Table N°9, aspects that must be recorded in the justification note to process the Approval (Visto Bueno) before INVU, as indicated in Activity N°6.3. Additionally, within the cited document, the formulation of the modification proposal must be included, indicating, as the case may be, the following:
- Modifications to the Construction, Urban Renewal, Subdivision (Fraccionamiento) and Urbanization Regulations, or other additional ones.
- Modifications to the Maps of the Cartographic Atlas: Zoning, Road Network (Vialidad), and Official Map.
(*)(Thus added the preceding paragraph through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) The Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) to be modified must have the environmental feasibility (viabilidad ambiental) issued by SETENA, so that it serves as a basis for the adjustment. In the event that the modification corresponds to a Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) that does not have environmental feasibility (viabilidad ambiental), it must fully comply with the provisions established in Chapter IV. Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) of this Manual.
(Thus added the preceding paragraph through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) 5.3. Seventh Stage: Advisory, review, and adoption of the modification, suspension, or repeal of a Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) It corresponds to the activities developed by the municipal government to receive advisory services, submit the proposal for modification, suspension, and repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the current Urban Development Regulations to review, and subsequently proceed with its adoption.
The review of the proposal is carried out by INVU, and if necessary, coordinated with SETENA, according to their competencies in the matter.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) 5.3.1. Activities of the Sixth Stage The activities that make up the Seventh stage are indicated below.
ü Activity N°7.1. Request for advisory services in the formulation of the modification, suspension, or repeal proposal The municipality may request from INVU, by official letter or email, advisory services and assistance during the Management Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador). This activity does not correspond to the review or approval of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador).
ü Activity 7.2. Advisory services from INVU in coordination with SETENA (Thus amended the preceding point through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) According to the institutional responsibility to advise and provide assistance to different social actors on the matter, when deemed necessary, INVU may convene representatives from SETENA and the municipality to one or several working sessions to clarify aspects related to the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador).
(Thus amended point 7.2 above through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) ü 7.3. Management of Environmental Feasibility (Viabilidad Ambiental) for modifications:
(Thus amended the preceding point through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) If necessary, the municipality must process the corresponding matter before SETENA in relation to the environmental resolution. Once both positive resolutions are available, it may proceed with Activity 7.4.
The guidelines issued by said Institution in its resolution must be included in the modifications or updates made to the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador). Said guidelines cannot be changed, except through a new technical study that justifies the change approved by the competent entities.
(Thus amended point 7.3 above through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) ü Activity 7.4. Public Hearing The municipal government must disclose and convene a Public Hearing with the purpose of making known the proposal for modification, suspension, or repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations, as well as receiving verbal and written observations from residents or interested parties⁶⁰.
⁶⁰ Article 17, Sections 1) and 23 of the Urban Planning Law Nº4240 The disclosure and convening notice shall be carried out through the official gazette La Gaceta and other additional means, whether digital, printed, radio, television, or in-person, with emphasis on those with a local presence. The disclosure and convening must be carried out at least 15 business days in advance, indicating the date, time, and place.
The Public Hearing constitutes an administrative, legal, and political act, which is developed as an Extraordinary Session of the Municipal Council. Therefore, the Secretariat of the Municipal Council must document in minutes everything that occurs during said event, recording the place, date, and start time; said data must coincide with those indicated in the convening notice published in La Gaceta. Furthermore, it is recommended that an attendance list of the participants be drawn up, recording name, identification number, place of residence, contact information, among other data.
In order for the participants in the Public Hearing to be able to examine the proposal, it is advisable for the municipality to present and explain all the products of the sixth stage. Once the Public Hearing has been held, it is advisable for the municipality to indicate the assessment of the verbal or written observations received during the Public Hearing, pointing out those that it is deemed appropriate to incorporate, as well as those whose incorporation is rejected.
In the event that the municipality considers that changes or inclusions to the proposal are required, it may process the corresponding matter to rectify it.
ü Activity N°7.5. Referral of the modification, suspension, or repeal proposal for review Once the municipal government has a proposal for modification, suspension, or repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) or the Urban Development Regulations endorsed by Agreement, it may send the documentation comprising it, according to Annex 4 of this Manual, attaching 3 printed copies and 3 digital copies, as well as the receipt paid to INVU for the review of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador), through any of the following means:
SNIT Geoportal, through the digital module defined for this purpose Single Window (Ventanilla Única) of the Urbanism Directorate of INVU ü Activity N°7.6. Review of the proposal for approval or rejection resolution by INVU Once the documentation is received, at the single window (ventanilla única) of INVU or in the SNIT geoportal, as applicable, a File (Expediente) number is assigned⁶¹ and, within a period of less than 7 calendar days, it is referred to the Urbanism Department of INVU.
⁶¹ Articles 3 subsection i) and 9 subsection b) of the Regulation of Organization and Service of the single window (ventanilla única) of the Urbanism Directorate made official in La Gaceta N°156 of August 16, 2002 Once the Urbanism Department of INVU receives the documentation, it has a period not exceeding three calendar months to carry out the review.
Subsequently, the Urbanism Department of INVU must communicate to the municipal government the approval or rejection resolution⁶², based on technical and legal grounds, within a period not exceeding 3 calendar weeks.
⁶² Articles 10 subsection 1), 17, subsection 2) and 18 of the Urban Planning Law Nº4240 INVU reviews the proposal based on the principles indicated in Table N°1 of this Manual, considering the prevalence of the general interest over the particular interest.
In the case of an approval resolution, INVU issues to the municipal government each of the copies of the delivered documentation, both physical and digital, duly signed and sealed.
Subsequently, the municipal government may proceed with the formal adoption of the approved Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations. In the case of a rejection resolution, INVU communicates its observations to the municipal government by official letter, indicating the requested modifications or inclusions, with technical and legal grounds. Following this, the municipal government may resume the formulation of the modification, suspension, or repeal proposal, in order to rectify what was requested.
In case of disagreement with the resolution issued by INVU, the municipal government may request the Board of Directors of INVU for its consideration⁶³.
⁶³ Article 13 of the Urban Planning Law N°4240 ü Activity N°7.7. Adoption⁶⁴ ⁶⁴ In the event that the municipal government needs to interrupt the Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) before initiating Once the approval resolution for the modification, suspension, or repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the Urban Development Regulations has been obtained from INVU, the municipal government must agree on its formal adoption by an absolute majority of votes⁶⁵.
⁶⁵ Articles 10 subsection 1) and 17, subsection 3) of the Urban Planning Law Nº4240 Once its formal adoption has been carried out, the application of both the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the Urban Development Regulations is of mandatory compliance within the Planning Area (Área de Planificación).
It is advisable for the proposal to be adopted immediately once its approval has been ruled by INVU, and in any case within the term of the time horizon defined in the Urban Development Policy⁶⁶.
Activity 4.5, it is recommended that it communicate this by official letter to the competent entities in the matter and that said period not exceed two years, so that the studies do not lose validity.
ü Activity N°7.8. Publication After its adoption, the municipal government must publish in La Gaceta the agreed adoption notice, as well as the document entitled "Modification of the Regulatory Plan (Modificación del Plan Regulador)"; "Suspension of the Regulatory Plan (Suspensión del Plan Regulador)" or "Repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Derogación del Plan Regulador)" as applicable, duly signed and sealed by INVU, indicating the date from which its application takes effect⁶⁷.
⁶⁷ Article 17, Subsections 3) and 4) of the Urban Planning Law Nº4240 5.3.2. Products of the Seventh Stage The binding products resulting from the execution of the various activities that comprise this stage are the following:
(Repealed this point through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) Environmental Resolution from SETENA Publication in La Gaceta of the convening notice for the Public Hearing Municipal government Agreement endorsing the referral of the proposal for modification, suspension, or repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations for review Official letter from INVU, addressed to the municipal government, including the approval or rejection resolution⁶⁸ of the proposal, with technical and legal grounds ⁶⁸ Articles 10 subsection 1), 17, subsection 2) and 18 of the Urban Planning Law Nº4240 Digital and physical copies of the document entitled "Modification of the Regulatory Plan (Modificación del Plan Regulador)"; "Suspension of the Regulatory Plan (Suspensión del Plan Regulador)" or "Repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Derogación del Plan Regulador)" as applicable duly signed and sealed (in case of approval) Municipal Agreement of adoption of the approved Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations (in case of approval) Publication in La Gaceta of the agreed adoption notice, as well as the document entitled "Modification of the Regulatory Plan (Modificación del Plan Regulador)"; "Suspension of the Regulatory Plan (Suspensión del Plan Regulador)" or "Repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Derogación del Plan Regulador)" as applicable (in case of approval) The optional products resulting from the execution of the various activities that comprise this stage are the following:
Official letter or email from the municipal government addressed to INVU requesting advisory services and assistance.
Official letters from INVU and SETENA indicating recommendations on changes and inclusions to the proposal, if any (Thus amended the preceding point through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) Report from the Regulatory Plan Commission (Comisión de Plan Regulador) addressed to the municipal government, with the assessment of the observations received in the Public Hearing, indicating which are deemed appropriate to incorporate and which to reject.
Official letters from SETENA addressed to the municipal government indicating whether it must process the preparation or update of the Environmental Feasibility (Viabilidad Ambiental), and recommendations on changes and inclusions to the proposal (only for the case of modification) (Thus amended the preceding point through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) ANNEXES
The Terms of Reference are formulated for the development of the following stages of the Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador):
Second stage: Territorial Diagnosis (Diagnóstico Territorial) Third stage: Formulation of the proposal Fourth stage: Advisory, review, and adoption of a new Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) Additionally, they involve addressing the physical-spatial, social, economic, political-institutional, and legal axes, as well as the environmental axis. Understanding that the environmental axis refers to the development of the environmental variable, thus involving the generation, analysis, and integration of the products requested by SETENA in the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and the Urban Development Regulations.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph through ordinary session N° 6520 of December 2, 2021) The Terms of Reference must contemplate the provisions of the Urban Planning Law. Furthermore, it is advisable for the Terms of Reference to include at least the following:
Contracting objectives Composition of the Planning Team according to the dimension and complexity of the preliminary delimited Planning Area (Área de Planificación) Profile of the professionals of the Planning Team and the coordinating person, considering what is indicated in Annex 2 of this Manual Scope, conditions, and guarantees of the contract Responsibilities Deadlines General Work Plan General Chronogram Admissibility requirements Selection and qualification criteria Payment management Contractual formalization and verification Likewise, it is advisable for the Terms of Reference to indicate the activities that are the responsibility of the Planning Team, as well as those that are the responsibility of the coordinating person. Furthermore, it should be noted that the work of both the Planning Team and the coordinating person does not conclude until an approval resolution for the proposal of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations is obtained from INVU.
The Planning Team designated or contracted by the municipality for the development of various activities during the Preparation Phase or the Management Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) is formed on a multidisciplinary basis and may include the participation of professionals in the following fields, among others:
Architecture Civil Engineering Geography Sociology Law Economics Biology Forestry Engineering Geology Agronomy Archaeology Climatology It is advisable for the persons selected to form the Planning Team to have the following characteristics:
Proven experience from their own discipline in urban planning and land-use management (ordenamiento territorial) Participation in teams with a multidisciplinary approach, which implies the ability to recognize other professionals, their disciplines, and their contributions within the process Command of transdisciplinary language, which implies the ability to translate the technical language of their own discipline to the rest of the team members, as well as to discuss constructively within the team and convey their arguments competently Proven experience in addressing the systemic approach to the territory Proven experience in participatory processes It is advisable for the coordinating person to have the following characteristics:
Proven experience in urban planning and land-use management (ordenamiento territorial) Proven experience in project administration and management Proven experience in working with multidisciplinary teams Generalist knowledge for addressing all the axes set out in this Manual (social, economic, physical-spatial, environmental, political-institutional, and legal) Basic knowledge of the work of each of the disciplines that make up the Planning Team
It is recommended to use the solid RGB colors indicated in the attached table for each of the land use categories of the Zoning Map. In the event that it is necessary to differentiate between similar colors or include subcategories, it is recommended to superimpose patterns (lines or dots) over the solid colors used.
1. Requirements for the review process of a new proposal for a Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations Receipt paid to INVU for the review of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) (Repealed this point through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) Environmental Resolution from SETENA Municipal Agreement endorsing the referral of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulation proposal for review 3 printed copies and 3 digital copies of all documentation comprising the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador), Urban Development Regulations, and Cartographic Atlas.
Each digital document is submitted in "pdf" format; additionally, files in "shapefile" type vector format of all the coverages (coberturas) contained in the maps are included.
Copy of the Publication in La Gaceta of the convening notice for the Public Hearing 2. Requirements for the review process of a proposal for modification, suspension, and repeal of a Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations 2.1. Documentation required for the modification process:
(Repealed this point through ordinary session N°6520 of December 2, 2021) Environmental Resolution from SETENA Municipal Agreement endorsing the referral of the proposal for modification of the current Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) or Urban Development Regulations 3 digital and physical copies of the Document entitled "Modification of the Regulatory Plan (Modificación del Plan Regulador)". Each digital document is submitted in "pdf" format; additionally, files in "shapefile" type vector format of all the coverages (coberturas) contained in the maps are included.
"Quinquennial Regulatory Plan Evaluation Report (Informe quinquenal de evaluación del Plan Regulador)" indicating the recommendations and modification proposal (non-binding) Copy of the Publication in La Gaceta of the convening notice for the Public Hearing 2.2. Documentation required for the suspension process:
Municipal Agreement endorsing the referral of the proposal for suspension of the current Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) or Urban Development Regulations 3 digital and physical copies of the Document entitled "Suspension of the Regulatory Plan (Suspensión del Plan Regulador)". Each digital document is submitted in "pdf" format; additionally, files in "shapefile" type vector format of all the coverages (coberturas) contained in the maps are included.
"Quinquennial Regulatory Plan Evaluation Report (Informe quinquenal de evaluación del Plan Regulador)" indicating the recommendations and suspension proposal (non-binding) Copy of the Publication in La Gaceta of the convening notice for the Public Hearing 2.3. Documentation required for the repeal process:
Municipal Agreement endorsing the referral of the proposal for repeal of the current Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) or Urban Development Regulations 3 digital and physical copies of the Document entitled "Repeal of the Regulatory Plan (Derogación del Plan Regulador)". Each digital document is submitted in "pdf" format; additionally, files in "shapefile" type vector format of all the coverages (coberturas) contained in the maps are included.
"Quinquennial Regulatory Plan Evaluation Report (Informe quinquenal de evaluación del Plan Regulador)" indicating the recommendations and repeal proposal (non-binding) Copy of the Publication in La Gaceta of the convening notice for the Public Hearing Proposal for a new Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador) and Urban Development Regulations
The Cartographic Atlas consists of a compilation of the cartographic products generated during the Preparation Phase of the Regulatory Plan (Plan Regulador). The Cartographic Atlas includes the maps indicated below:
Base Map Results Synthesis Map for each Axis Integrated Diagnosis Map Zoning Map The scales used in the maps of the Cartographic Atlas are selected according to the extent of the Planning Area (Área de Planificación) to be represented, as well as to the coverages (coberturas) to be included. The recommended scales to be used are:
1:1 000 1:2 000 1:5 000 1:10 000 1:25 000 The selection of scales depends on the extent of the Planning Area (Área de Planificación) to be represented, as well as on the coverages (coberturas) to be included, in order to ensure that the information contained in all maps is legible.
It is recommended that the maps of the Cartographic Atlas include the following:
Symbols: This consists of the graphic representation of the different elements that make up the map. They can be points, lines, or polygons. The colors and patterns recommended for land use zoning are indicated in Annex 7.
Labeling: This consists of textual reference to names of elements of interest, including population centers, rivers, roads, topographical elevations, among others. Under no circumstances should the texts overlap each other. All texts must be oriented horizontally; except for hydrography, contour lines, or paths, which are labeled following the shape of the element.
Marginal or edge information: This consists of the complementary and supporting information for the map. The elements can be located within one or several internal boxes placed in the margin or on the edges of the main body of the map. It is recommended to include the following:
- Title: This consists of a reference to the main theme dealt with by the map. It can be located at the top of the outer edge or margin of the map body. Its wording should be short and concise. It must refer to the conditions of time and space in which the Planning Area (Área de Planificación) is located.
- Legend and explanatory symbology: This consists of a reference to all the elements represented on the map. The explanations of each symbol must be located to the right of it. The wording of the explanations must be short and concise. The elements within the symbology must be organized according to the categorization of geometry in the following order:
- Graphic and numerical scale: This consists of the representation of the proportional relationship that exists between the real measurements of a territory and those represented on the map. The graphic scale is represented by a line with an approximate dimension of 30% of the longest side of the map and must show whole units. The numerical scale must be included only if there is certainty of the original drawing scale of the map.
- Geographic and metric coordinates: This consists of the representation of the geographic position in the territory by means of the latitude and longitude of a point. The CRTM-05 system or the current system must be used.
- North Arrow: This consists of the representation of the direction of the meridians indicating true north.
- Credits: This consists of the reference to the author of the map (person who provides the data included, as well as the guidelines for the preparation of the map) and the map designer (person who prepares the map).
- Date: This consists of the reference to the date of preparation of the map. Day, month, and year must be indicated.
- Information sources: This consists of the reference to the sources of information used in the preparation of the map.
- Location diagram: This consists of a small scheme that shows the general geographic location of the context in which the mapped area is located. Two levels of location detail may be included, referring to the country context and the province context.
To define the Land Use Zones included both in the Current Land Use Map, as well as in the Zoning Map, the classification indicated in this Annex may be used, which is adjusted to what is indicated in articles 24 and 25 subsection a) of the Urban Planning Law N°4240. Additional categories to those indicated may be used, provided they conform to international representation standards.
For the development of the resulting product from the analysis of the topic "Current Land Use" called Current Land Use Map, indicated in Table N°4 of this Manual, it is recommended to carry out the following:
1. Verify if an updated cadastral mosaic exists in the Planning Area (Área de Planificación). If one exists, omit point 3.
2. Delimit the existing urban area and rural area in the Planning Area (Área de Planificación).
3. In the event that an updated cadastral mosaic does not exist, carry out a survey of the existing activities on each of the properties that make up the Planning Area (Área de Planificación); for urban areas, verifying in the field through the Global Positioning System (GPS). For rural areas, the survey can be carried out using photointerpretation with location and use control points.
4. The following information is surveyed for each property: height, area, frontage, depth, coverage (cobertura), setbacks, number of floors, constitutive materials, existing activity, construction typology. Also, information on the characteristics of the right-of-way and existing infrastructure is surveyed, including: existence of sidewalk, road surface and sidewalk finish, dimension, condition, existing public services (sewerage, lighting, drinking water, among others).
5. Classify the properties considering their activities and characteristics into the predominant Land Use Zones. To classify activities in urban areas, it is recommended to group properties by blocks, and in rural areas, it is recommended to group properties into large areas delimited by roads.
6. Prepare the Current Land Use Map, which includes the classification of the current utilization of the properties that make up the Planning Area (Área de Planificación) into the Land Use Zones indicated in Annex 7, considering the Specifications of the Cartographic Atlas indicated in Annex 5 of this Manual.
The "Regulatory Plan Monitoring Matrix (Matriz de Seguimiento del Plan Regulador)" includes at least the following components:
Objectives set forth in the Urban Development Policy Strategic Actions for each objective Overall goals and annual goals for each Strategic Action Management indicators or verifiers that reflect the fulfillment of the goals, indicating the name, formula or method, and unit of measure for each one.
Responsible parties for the execution of each Strategic Action Estimation of the investment required to execute each Strategic Action The urban development objectives included in the matrix correspond to those set forth in the Urban Development Policy (Activity N°3.2. of the Manual).
Also, the matrix includes the Strategic Actions for the fulfillment of each of the urban development objectives (Activity N° 3.3 of the Manual).
For each Strategic Action, a Global Goal is proposed, by means of which the criterion for determining its total fulfillment (100%) within the Time Horizon of the Regulatory Plan is established. In addition, for each Strategic Action, several Annual Goals are proposed, by means of which the criteria for determining the percentage of progress in fulfilling the Global Goal are established.
For the measurement of the Global Goals and Annual Goals, various management indicators or verifiers can be used, indicating for each one its name, formula or calculation method, as well as its unit of measure.
For each Strategic Action, one or several parties responsible for its execution are defined. Additionally, an estimate of the investment required to execute said actions is included.
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