MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON COOPERATION IN THE AREAS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, VULNERABILITY, RISK MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION Between THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA AND THE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, LAND AND SEA OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC The Ministry of Environment and Energy of the Republic of Costa Rica and the Ministry of the Environment, Land and Sea of the Italian Republic, hereinafter "signatories" CONSIDERING that the United Nations General Assembly has adopted resolution No. A/RES/70/1, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; NOTING that the Republic of Costa Rica and the Italian Republic are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol; GIVEN that the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement to combat climate change and that the Governments of Costa Rica and Italy signed the former Agreement on April 22, 2016; EMPHASIZING that the Paris Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT Decisions 1/CP.16, 9-15/CP.19, 17/CP.21 and 18/CP.21 of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which provide the framework for action by the Parties in relation to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable forest management (manejo sostenible de los bosques), and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+); BASED ON Article 4 of the Paris Agreement and Decisions 1/CP.1, 1/CP.20 and 1/CP.21 of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which invite all parties to identify and communicate their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions; EMPHASIZING that international action and cooperation for mitigation and adaptation is urgently required to enable and support the implementation of actions aimed at reducing emissions and vulnerability, as well as building resilience to climate change; CONSIDERING that renewable energy projects provide potential opportunities for their design and implementation under the mechanisms of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and possibly also under the cooperation mechanism of the Paris Agreement, and that this can result in an efficient contribution to sustainable development and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; Have agreed to the following Memorandum:
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