For the purposes of this Regulation, the following meanings apply:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl): Transparent, colorless or slightly yellowish liquid, releases vapors or aerosols with a pungent odor. The vapors irritate the respiratory system causing laryngitis, bronchitis, edema of the glottis. It is known as muriatic acid.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF): It is a colorless liquid product, strongly corrosive, irritant, and toxic. Upon contact with mucous membranes, skin, and eyes, whether liquid or vapor, it can cause burns. It is used in the glass and ceramics industry and in the cleaning and finishing of metals.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): Toxic, irritant, and asphyxiating gas, with a characteristic rotten egg odor, formed mainly from the decomposition of organic matter under oxygen-deprived conditions and as a product of industrial processes (petroleum refining, leather industry, geothermal energy utilization, among others).
Ammonia (NH3): Colorless gas, slightly reactive and oxidizable. It occurs naturally in the environment as a product of the decomposition of organic matter. It is an irritant to the upper respiratory tract. It is emitted from fertilizer factories, sugar refineries, and is used as a refrigerant, in metal treatment, the textile industry, and in electroplating.
Ash: Finely divided solid particles resulting from the combustion process of organic matter entrained by the combustion gas. These particles may contain unburned fuel.
Normal conditions of pressure and temperature: 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg or one atmosphere) and 273.15 K (0º C).
Standard conditions of pressure and temperature: 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg or one atmosphere) and 298.15 K (25º C).
Atmospheric Pollutants: materials or forms of energy present in the air with harmful effects on the health of people, the environment, or wildlife.
DPAH: Directorate of Protection of the Human Environment of the Ministry of Health.
Sulfur dioxide: Colorless gas with a pungent odor that, upon oxidizing and combining with water, forms sulfuric acid, the principal component of acid rain. It irritates the eyes and the respiratory tract. It reduces lung functions and aggravates respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
Nitrogen dioxide: Reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor that, upon oxidizing and undergoing photochemical reactions, combines with water and forms nitric acid and other compounds. It irritates the lungs, aggravates respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
Industrial Establishment: Any covered or uncovered place intended for the transformation, handling, or use of natural products, or for the elaboration, handling, transformation, or use of artificial products through physical, chemical, biological treatment, manually, or by means of machines or instruments. Included in this consideration for the same aforementioned purposes are sites intended to receive or store the artifacts, instruments, or utensils, materials, and raw materials that will be used in the tasks or work, and all annexes of the factory or workshop. Likewise, transport stations and terminals shall be considered as such.
Sampling and monitoring station: Physical installation constituted by a set of the instrumental equipment necessary to take samples and measure the concentrations of air pollutants at a specific location.
Formaldehyde: It is the most common aldehyde in the environment. It is a colorless gas with a penetrating odor. Its production and use readily release it into the environment. It is also formed as a product of secondary reactions of oxidized hydrocarbons. It is also an indoor environmental pollutant, as many household products contain it. It is an irritant and affects respiratory function.
Soot: agglomeration of carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of organic matter.
Immission: Level of concentration of pollutants in the air expressed in g/m³, mg/m³, or ng/m³.
Methods of analysis: These are the analytical procedures that allow qualitative and quantitative determination of the presence in the air of one or more pollutants specified in Chapter II of this Regulation.
Methods of calculation: These are those mathematical procedures that allow evaluating the concentration of a specific atmospheric pollutant and are specified in Chapter II of this Regulation.
Method of sampling: Set of procedures necessary for taking samples that guarantee their representativeness.
Monitoring: systematic sampling carried out using automatic equipment, manual equipment, or both.
Carbon monoxide: Colorless and odorless gas resulting from incomplete combustion, which combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin and can reach lethal concentrations. Carboxyhemoglobin affects the central nervous system causing functional, cardiac, and pulmonary changes, headache, fatigue, drowsiness, respiratory failure, and even death.
Sampling: taking of samples and representative data of the composition and characteristics of the air.
Immission Standard (Air Quality): It is a value that determines the permissible levels of pollutants in the air, according to their variations in concentration over time, and which is established to preserve and maintain human, animal, or plant health, the material assets of man or the community, and their well-being.
Ozone: Allotropic form of oxygen, colorless and gaseous, which is produced in the presence of sunlight, hydrocarbons, oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide. It oxidizes materials not immediately oxidizable by gaseous oxygen. It irritates the eyes and the respiratory tract. It aggravates respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
Particles: any material that exists in a solid or liquid state in the atmosphere or in a gas stream under normal conditions.
Lead: heavy metal that appears in the form of dust, aerosol, or vapor. It accumulates in the organs of the body, causes anemia, lesions in the kidneys, and the central nervous system (lead poisoning/saturnism).
Total Suspended Particles (PTS): Encompasses divided solids and liquids that may be dispersed in the air, coming from combustion processes, industrial activities, or natural sources, and whose aerodynamic diameter is less than 60 micrometers.
PM10: Solid or liquid particles dispersed in the atmosphere whose diameter is less than or equal to 10 micrometers. They are known as respirable particles because they have the particularity of penetrating the respiratory system to the pulmonary alveoli. Their origin can be dust, ash, soot, metallic particles, cement, or pollen.
Dust: solid particles of a size larger than colloidal, capable of being in temporary suspension in the air.
Reduction to standard conditions of pressure and temperature: The volume of an air sample is established as the result of applying the following equation:
V2= V1 *P1/P2 * T2/T1 where:
V2 = is the volume of air reduced to standard conditions, m³ V1 = is the volume of air read by a meter (counter), m³ P2 = is the atmospheric pressure under standard conditions, kPa P1 = is the average atmospheric pressure during the sampling interval, kPa T1 = is the average air temperature during the sampling interval, K T2 = is the air temperature under standard conditions, K Reference analytical method: Specific method of analysis and measurement for each pollutant that serves as a reference and contrast for other applicable techniques.
Reference values: These are the immission values individualized by pollutant which, in a given exposure period, must not be exceeded, in order to protect human health.