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Res. 06271-2024 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 08/03/2024
OutcomeResultado
The Court denies the amparo because the ban on chlorothalonil has already been decreed and the alleged insufficiency of alternative water supply is not proven.La Sala declara sin lugar el recurso de amparo por cuanto la prohibición del clorotalonil ya fue decretada y no se acredita la insuficiencia del suministro alternativo de agua.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber reviews an amparo filed by a resident of La Puente, Paraíso, Cartago, against the Ministry of Health, concerning contamination from chlorothalonil metabolites in the Plantón and Carlos Calvo springs supplying the Cipreses de Oreamuno ASADA. The plaintiff alleges violations of the rights to health, life, and a healthy environment, arguing that contaminated water is still used and that alternative supply via tanker trucks is insufficient, along with water rationing. The Court denies the amparo. Regarding the ban on chlorothalonil, it notes that Executive Decree 44280-S, published on November 30, 2023, prohibited its use in Costa Rica, rendering this complaint moot. On the tanker insufficiency and rationing, the Court finds that the plaintiff failed to provide precise evidence of a rights violation, given the detailed actions by authorities (health orders, monitoring, alternative supply). It refers to the previous ruling 2023-013384, which ordered implementation of the 'Technical Report on Chlorothalonil' recommendations and ensured safe drinking water supply.La Sala Constitucional conoce un recurso de amparo interpuesto por una vecina de La Puente, Paraíso, Cartago, contra el Ministerio de Salud, por la contaminación con metabolitos del fungicida clorotalonil en las nacientes Plantón y Carlos Calvo, que abastecen a la ASADA de Cipreses de Oreamuno. La recurrente alega afectación a los derechos a la salud, vida y ambiente sano, al señalar que el agua contaminada sigue usándose para consumo y que el suministro alternativo mediante cisternas es insuficiente, además de racionamientos. La Sala declara sin lugar el recurso. Respecto de la prohibición del clorotalonil, constata que mediante Decreto Ejecutivo 44280-S, publicado el 30 de noviembre de 2023, se prohibió su uso en Costa Rica, por lo que este extremo carece de objeto. En cuanto a la insuficiencia de cisternas y racionamientos, considera que la recurrente no aportó prueba precisa que acredite la vulneración de sus derechos, frente a las acciones detalladas por las autoridades (órdenes sanitarias, monitoreo, abastecimiento alternativo). Se remite a lo ya resuelto en la sentencia 2023-013384, que ordenó adoptar las recomendaciones del 'Informe Técnico Clorotalonil' y garantizar el suministro de agua potable por medios seguros.
Key excerptExtracto clave
For its part, the President and General Representative without limit of amount of the Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago Water Association reported that on November 30, 2023, Executive Decree No. 44280-S was published in the Official Gazette No. 223, scope 237, prohibiting the use of chlorothalonil in Costa Rica. Thus, on this point the amparo must be dismissed. V.- The petitioner further claims that the Cipreses ASADA has provided tanker trucks, but they are insufficient for the entire community. She adds that in the community of La Puente, the problem has worsened due to multiple water cuts (from 9 to 11 a.m. and from 2 to 6 p.m.), and one tanker is not enough to supply that community. The President and General Representative of the water association reported that in the La Puente sector there is a 5,000-liter water tank for drinking water consumption, located on the south side of the La Puente church, and 100 meters away there is another 2,500-liter tank, for which a log of chlorine washing and filling is kept, and the ASADA assists even with its vehicles on impassable roads where the tanker truck cannot enter. Regarding rationing, there are criteria from the National Emergency Commission warning about water use awareness due to drought, and the Cipreses District and surrounding sectors suffered from a drop in water resources in the Carlos Calvo and Platón springs. Note that the respondent authority reported that rationing is due to drought in the Cipreses District and surrounding areas, which caused a drop in water resources. Moreover, it stated that the ASADA assists even with its vehicles on impassable roads. In this regard, the petitioner claims that the tanker trucks are insufficient, but does not state precisely and in detail the reasons for her assertion, in which sector of the community service is inefficient or not provided at all, the specific days on which such omissions occurred, nor does she provide evidence to prove a violation of her fundamental rights. Therefore, on this point the amparo must be dismissed.Por su parte, el Presidente y Apoderado Generalísimo sin límite de suma de la Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago informó que el 30 de noviembre de 2023 se publicó en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta No. 223, alcance 237, el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 44280-S en donde se prohibió el uso de clorotalonil en Costa Rica. Así las cosas, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado. V.- La recurrente además reclama que la ASADA de Cipreses ha proporcionado cisternas, pero no es suficiente para toda la comunidad. Añade que en la comunidad de La Puente, dicha problemática ha incrementado debido a que, se están dando múltiples cortes de agua (de 9 a 11 am y de 2 a 6 pm), y un cisterna no es suficiente para abastecer a esa comunidad. Por su parte, el Presidente y Apoderado Generalísimo sin límite de suma de la Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago informó que en el sector La Puente existe un tanque de agua de 5000 litros de agua para el consumo de agua potable, costado sur de la iglesia de La Puente y a 100 metros existe de la iglesia La Puente existe otro tanque de agua de 2500 litros de agua para el consumo de agua potable, dentro de los cuales se lleva una bitácora de control de lavado con cloro y de llenado en donde la asada los asiste incluso por medio de los carros de su representada en caminos intransitables en donde el camión cisterna no puede ingresar. En relación con los racionamientos, existen criterios por parte de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias en donde se hizo la advertencia y consciencia del gasto de agua debido a la sequía y el Distrito de Cipreses en conjunto con los sectores aledaños sufrieron por parte de las nacientes de Carlos Calvo y Platon la baja del recurso hídrico en sus fuentes. En los casos de los sectores de La Puente, los cuales son abastecidos por la naciente de Platon en los afueras, los cuales la Asada de Cipreses hace mensualmente el seguimiento del caudal y se tomaran medida de hacer campañas de concientización con respecto al uso y gasto del recurso hídrico de agua. Nótese que la autoridad recurrida informó que los racionamientos se debe a la sequía en el Distrito de Cipreses y sectores aledaños que sufrieron por parte de las nacientes de Carlos Calvo y Platon lo que ocasionó la baja del recurso hídrico en sus fuentes. Además, indicó que la asada los asiste incluso por medio de los carros de su representada en caminos intransitables en donde el camión cisterna no puede ingresar. En este sentido, la parte recurrente indica que los camiones cisternas son insuficientes, sin embargo, no señala de manera precisa y con más detalle, los motivos de su afirmación, en qué sector de la comunidad se presenta un servicio ineficiente o no se brinda del todo, los días precisos en que se han dado tales omisiones, ni aporta prueba que permita acreditar la vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales. Así las cosas, en cuanto a tal extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"el 30 de noviembre de 2023 se publicó en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta No. 223, alcance 237, el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 44280-S en donde se prohibió el uso de clorotalonil en Costa Rica. Así las cosas, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado."
"on November 30, 2023, Executive Decree No. 44280-S was published in the Official Gazette No. 223, scope 237, prohibiting the use of chlorothalonil in Costa Rica. Thus, on this point the amparo must be dismissed."
Considerando IV
"el 30 de noviembre de 2023 se publicó en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta No. 223, alcance 237, el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 44280-S en donde se prohibió el uso de clorotalonil en Costa Rica. Así las cosas, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado."
Considerando IV
"la parte recurrente indica que los camiones cisternas son insuficientes, sin embargo, no señala de manera precisa y con más detalle, los motivos de su afirmación, en qué sector de la comunidad se presenta un servicio ineficiente o no se brinda del todo, los días precisos en que se han dado tales omisiones, ni aporta prueba que permita acreditar la vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales."
"the petitioner claims that the tanker trucks are insufficient, but does not state precisely and in detail the reasons for her assertion, in which sector of the community service is inefficient or not provided at all, the specific days on which such omissions occurred, nor does she provide evidence to prove a violation of her fundamental rights."
Considerando V
"la parte recurrente indica que los camiones cisternas son insuficientes, sin embargo, no señala de manera precisa y con más detalle, los motivos de su afirmación, en qué sector de la comunidad se presenta un servicio ineficiente o no se brinda del todo, los días precisos en que se han dado tales omisiones, ni aporta prueba que permita acreditar la vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales."
Considerando V
Full documentDocumento completo
In the resolution of this appeal, the ruling of this Chamber in judgment number 2023014252 of 9:30 a.m. on June 16, 2023, is of great importance, in which it was ordered:
"I.- Object of the appeal. The appellant alleges that the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago issued a communication to users of the drinking water service on November 13, 2022, in which it reported that between the months of October and November 2022, a water quality analysis had been carried out on the 7 springs (nacientes) supplying the aqueduct, and in five of them the presence of metabolites of the agrochemical Chlorothalonil had been detected. He claims that to date the problem of contamination persists, since water cannot be consumed from the direct pipe connection and must be hauled remotely by tanker trucks.
II.Regarding the specific case. This Chamber, through Judgment No. 2023-013384 of 1:41 p.m. on June 6, 2023, upon hearing an amparo appeal regarding the problems caused by the presence of metabolites of the agrochemical Chlorothalonil in the springs (nacientes) that supply the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, ordered the following:
"The appeal is granted. It is ordered: 1) to Alexei Carrillo Villegas and to Fiorella Fait Wong, in their order, Acting Minister of Health and Acting Director of the Rector Health Area of Oreamuno, or to whoever holds those positions in their stead, so that, in accordance with the powers recognized to them by current legislation, they immediately establish all corresponding coordination instances with the authorities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados), within their respective spheres of competence, so that within a period of six months, counted from the notification of this judgment, and in line with the parameters established by the Ministry of Health, the recommendations of the unnumbered report of April 14, 2023, issued by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, called 'Informe Técnico Clorotalonil,' be adopted and executed, to guarantee the right to health and life of the people; follow-up be provided to such recommendations, and the pertinent actions be issued to ensure their adequate and timely compliance; and 2) to Jorge Zapata Arroyo and José Sánchez Redondo, in their order, General Manager of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers and President with judicial and extrajudicial representation of the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, or to whoever holds those positions in their stead, so that they immediately maintain and guarantee the provision of drinking water service for human consumption through the appropriate means, without using any of the contaminated water sources for this purpose, and that this situation be maintained until the service can be duly restored through the usual means without compromising safety and health, and after prior authorization in this regard by the Ministry of Health.
The foregoing, under warning that, should this order not be obeyed, they will incur the crime of disobedience and that, in accordance with Article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo appeal, and does not comply with or enforce it, provided that the crime is not more severely punished. The State and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the judgment in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. Likewise, the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the judgment in the civil jurisdiction.
Magistrate Salazar Alvarado records a note. Magistrate Garro Vargas partially dissents regarding the execution of the first order of this judgment and, in accordance with Article 56 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, orders that it must be carried out before the Execution Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Tribunal, under the execution rules established in Article 155 et seq. of the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code. Likewise, she orders that a copy of the judgment be sent to her so that the execution procedures of this ruling can be initiated." By virtue of the foregoing, since the problems due to the presence of metabolites of the agrochemical Chlorothalonil in the springs (nacientes) that supply the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago have already been resolved by this Chamber, which decided to grant the appeal, what is appropriate in this file is to uphold the amparo and refer the appellant to what was resolved therein.
III.Partial dissenting vote regarding the operative part of this judgment by Magistrate Garro Vargas. Although I agree with the majority of the Chamber that the appeal should be granted, I differ on where to place the enforcement phase of the matter, due to the lack of adequate mechanisms provided by the regulations governing this constitutional jurisdiction to follow up on a judgment that involves highly complex technical aspects, such as the adoption and execution of the recommendations of the unnumbered report of April 14, 2023, issued by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, called 'Informe Técnico Clorotalonil,' as well as to guarantee the provision of drinking water service for human consumption through the appropriate means, without using any of the contaminated water sources for this purpose. In contrast, the provisions of the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code regarding execution (Article 155 et seq.) have clear advantages, such as the possibility of requesting schedules, imposing fines, establishing responsibilities, supervising compliance stages, etc. Therefore, in accordance with Article 56 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, I consider that the execution phase must be carried out before the Execution Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Tribunal, under the rules of judgment execution of said Code.
IV.Documentation provided to the file. The parties are warned that, if they have provided any paper document, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not removed within this period will be destroyed, as provided in the 'Regulation on the Electronic File before the Judiciary' (Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial), approved by the Full Court in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Judicial Bulletin No. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Therefore:
The appeal is granted. Regarding the legal effects of the granting part of this judgment, the appellant is referred to what was already ordered by the Chamber in Vote No. 2023-013384 of 1:41 p.m. on June 6, 2023. The State and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the judgment in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. Likewise, the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the judgment in the civil jurisdiction. Magistrate Garro Vargas dissents regarding the execution of this judgment and, in accordance with Article 56 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, orders that it must be carried out before the Execution Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Tribunal, under the execution rules established in Article 155 et seq. of the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code.
Likewise, she orders that a copy of the judgment be sent to her so that the execution procedures of this ruling can be initiated. Notify." For his part, the President and General Agent without limit of sum of the Aqueduct Association of Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago reported that on November 30, 2023, Executive Decree No. 44280-S was published in the Official Gazette La Gaceta No. 223, Scope 237, in which the use of chlorothalonil was prohibited in Costa Rica. Thus, regarding that point, the appeal must be dismissed.
V.The appellant further claims that the ASADA of Cipreses has provided cisterns, but this is not enough for the entire community. She adds that in the community of La Puente, said problem has increased because multiple water cutoffs are occurring (from 9 to 11 a.m. and from 2 to 6 p.m.), and one cistern is not enough to supply that community. For his part, the President and General Agent without limit of sum of the Aqueduct Association of Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago reported that in the La Puente sector there is a 5000-liter water tank for drinking water consumption, on the south side of the La Puente church, and 100 meters from the La Puente church there is another 2500-liter water tank for drinking water consumption, for which a log is kept for chlorine washing and filling control, where the ASADA assists them, even by means of the vehicles of its represented entity on impassable roads where the cistern truck cannot enter.
Regarding the rationing, there are criteria from the National Emergency Commission (Comisión Nacional de Emergencias) where the warning and awareness of water use was made due to the drought, and the District of Cipreses together with the surrounding sectors suffered from the low water resource in their sources from the Carlos Calvo and Platon springs (nacientes). In the case of the La Puente sectors, which are supplied by the Platon spring (naciente) on the outskirts, the Asada of Cipreses monthly monitors the flow and measures will be taken to conduct awareness campaigns regarding the use and consumption of the water resource. Note that the respondent authority reported that the rationing is due to the drought in the District of Cipreses and surrounding sectors that suffered from the low water resource in their sources from the Carlos Calvo and Platon springs (nacientes). Furthermore, it indicated that the ASADA assists them, even by means of the vehicles of its represented entity on impassable roads where the cistern truck cannot enter.
In this regard, the appealing party indicates that the cistern trucks are insufficient, however, she does not state precisely and in more detail the reasons for her claim, in which sector of the community an inefficient service occurs or is not provided at all, the precise days on which such omissions have occurred, nor does she provide evidence to prove the violation of her fundamental rights. Thus, regarding that point, the appeal must be dismissed. (...)"
Taking into account the information gathered on the amount of water necessary to satisfy the different water needs in activities carried out by human beings, it is taken as a reference that, for drinking and food preparation activities, a total of 20 Liters per inhabitant per day (l/h/d) is required. ii. The Cipreses de Oreamuno Aqueduct currently supplies a total of ±1424 services according to data from the technical study conducted by the CIVCO, which is equivalent to an approximate population of ±5890 people. If we take into account the allocation established in the previous point, we can determine that, to satisfy the drinking and food needs of the residents of Cipreses, an average volume of ±173 m3 is required. iii. Considering the different sectors supplied by the Cipreses de Oreamuno Aqueduct, 9 possible points are defined for the location of storage tanks of ±5 m3, which would be filled by tanker trucks.
This quantity of tanks would be equivalent to a total of 45 m3, the volume required by the community's service and public assistance centers. iv. With the previous proposal, approximately 4 tanker trucks of 10 or 12 m3 would be required, depending on the availability of units, for the filling of the 9 storage tanks and to carry out the hauling tasks. It is important to indicate that the estimated volume is daily, so, in theory, the frequency of filling the tanks should be daily; however, this could vary according to the use that the population gives to these loading points. v. The water supplied by the distribution network of the Cipreses de Oreamuno Aqueduct can continue to be used for cleaning, washing, waste disposal activities, etc., as long as these do not involve human ingestion or food handling. vi. It is recommended to keep the system in operation for domestic water use, given that otherwise a serious public health problem and lack of access to basic sanitation would be generated. vii.
It is important to keep in mind that this solution has a purpose and operation subject to the temporality of water supply by tanker trucks to the community, since a permanent solution proposal must be made to ensure quality in the provision of services to the users and beneficiaries of the Cipreses Aqueduct…” [sic] In addition to the aforementioned, and through inspection visits carried out in follow-up to the compliance with the sanitary orders, this Health Governing Area has corroborated the distribution of potable water by means of a tanker truck, the refilling of storage tanks, and the home delivery of potable water by means of the pick up with a small tank to the population that is supplied by the ASADA of Cipreses de Oreamuno, a situation that can be corroborated through inspection reports 06-2022 (folio 02351), 08-2022, 09-2022 (folios 02376 to 02377), 10-2022 (folio 02395), 11-2022, 12-2022, 13-2022 (folios 02417 to 02420), 14-2022, 15-2022 (folio 02478), 16-2022, 17-2022, 18-2022, 19-2022, 20-2022, 21-2022 (folios 02531 to 02536), 23-2022, 24-2022-1, 24-2022-2 (folios 02636 to 02638), 01-2023, 02-2023, 03-2023 (folios 02729 to 02731), 04-2023, 05-2023 (folios 02775 to 02776), 06-2023 (folio 02833), 07-2023 (folio 03034), 08-2023, 09-2023 (folios 03083 to 03084), 10-2023, 11-2023, and 12-2023, and the technical reports MS-DRRSCE-DARSOIT- 0489-2022 (folio 02361), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0490-2022 (folios 02379 to 02381), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0493-2022 (folios 02404 to 02406), MS-DRRSCEDARSO- IT-0498-2022 (folios 02479 to 02480), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0504-2022 (Folios 02540 to 02544), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0567-2022 (folios 02659 to 02661), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0085-2023 (folios 02732 to 02736), MS-DRRSCEDARSO- IT-0110-2023 (folios 02777 to 02780), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0188-2023 (folio 02837), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-00381-2023 (folios 03035 to 03036), MSDRRSCE-DARSO-IT-00434-2023 (folios 03085 to 03087), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT- 00439-2023 (folios 03090 to 03093), MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-00501-2023 (folios 03106 to 03111), and official communication MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-0744-2023 (Folios 03096 to 03097).
It should be noted that during an inspection visit conducted at the ASADA of Cipreses on March 6, 2023, as described in Inspection Report 04-2023 and technical report MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0110-2023 (folios 02777 to 02780), it is concluded and recommended textually as follows: “… CONCLUSIONS 1. We spoke with two female neighbors from the La Puente sector, among whom is the wife of José Alfredo de Jesús Hernández Monge, who express that neither the tanker truck nor the pick up of the ASADA of Cipreses travel along that street, providing potable water service, confirming at the place in mention that the road is in good condition, however, it is very steep, which makes it difficult for people to haul potable water from the Church to their homes. 2. Upon speaking with the administrator of the ASADA of Cipreses, Licda. Sonia Aguilar, she indicates that, for approximately two months, they have not been distributing water with the pick up. 3.
As recorded in the file of the ASADA of Cipreses, since the notification of the presence of degradation products of the fungicide Chlorothalonil (Clorotalonil) and the directives issued from the office; that water from the Plantón and Carlos Calvo sources (nacientes) cannot be used for human consumption, food preparation, and personal hygiene activities as part of a precautionary principle; the ASADA, by means of the pick up and small tank, proceeded to distribute potable water to the sectors where the tanker truck does not have access, thus guaranteeing access to potable water for all subscribers. 4. AyA continues to provide daily and continuous potable water distribution service at the established points where there are self-service storage tanks by means of a tanker truck, in compliance with what was ordered by this Ministry through sanitary orders MS-DRRSCEDARSO- OS-0088-2022, MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-OS-0089-2022, and MS-DRRSCEDARSO- OS-0090-2022. 5.
Coordination is made with the ORAC AyA office to conduct an inspection visit to the site in follow-up to the provisions of the Ombudsman's Office (Defensoría de los Habitantes). RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the foregoing and in response to the resolution of the Ombudsman's Office, I consider that Mr. [Name 002], bearer of identity card number [Value 002], president of the ASADA of Cipreses de Oreamuno, email: [email protected], should be requested through a sanitary order to: 1. Present within a period of 3 business days the action plan that the ASADA of Cipreses has to supply the population that is unable to obtain potable water at the designated points (self-service storage tanks) and where the tanker truck does not have access, given that it was the ASADA of Cipreses who initially assumed the responsibility of providing potable water by means of the pick up and small tank in the sectors where the tanker truck does not have access. 2.
If it does not have such an action plan, it must develop one within a period of 5 business days and present it to this Health Governing Area; it must guarantee that the entire population supplied by the ASADA of Cipreses has access to potable water, as the Administrative Entity of the Communal Aqueduct and Sewerage Systems of Cipreses de Oreamuno. 3. The ASADA of Cipreses, immediately and until the contamination problem notified by this Ministry regarding the Carlos Calvo and Plantón springs (nacientes) is resolved, must guarantee and be vigilant so that all its subscribers have access to potable water suitable for human consumption, food preparation, and personal hygiene activities as part of a precautionary principle notified to said aqueduct. Furthermore, it must reactivate the distribution of potable water in the sectors where the tanker truck does not have access, this action being a priority, since potable water is a basic and inalienable human right, as an essential good for life, in accordance with the provisions of Article 50 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica, and, in addition, based on the provisions of the General Health Law No. 5395 in its articles: “…
ARTICLE 37.- No person may act or assist in acts that signify danger, impairment, or damage to the health of third parties or the population and shall avoid any omission in taking measures or precautions in favor of the health of third parties. ARTICLE 267.- Every water supply system intended for the use and consumption of the population must supply potable water, continuously, in sufficient quantity to satisfy the needs of the persons and with sufficient pressure to allow the correct functioning of the sanitary fixtures in use. ARTICLE 268.- Every potable water supply system, without exception, is subject to the control of the Ministry regarding the quality of the water supplied to the population and to ensure that the constituent elements of the system, its operation, and state of conservation guarantee an adequate and safe supply, and the Ministry may intervene if there is a danger to the health of the inhabitants.
ARTICLE 340.- The health authorities, within the powers conferred by this law and its regulations and in accordance with the competence and jurisdiction assigned to them by the organic regulation of the Ministry, may issue resolutions ordering measures of a general or particular nature, as appropriate, for the best application and compliance. ARTICLE 341.- They may also, within the powers and jurisdictions mentioned, order and take the special measures authorized by this law to prevent the risk or damage to the health of persons or to prevent them from spreading or worsening and to inhibit the continuation or recurrence of the violation by individuals…” [sic] And in the Regulation of the Communal Administrative Associations of Aqueduct and Sewerage Systems, which textually states in: “…Article 6. On the nature of the ASADAS. The figure of the Communal Administrative Associations of Aqueduct and Sewerage Systems (hereinafter ASADAS) is legally recognized as private non-profit associations, which are the sole entities responsible for community management, by delegation of AyA, of the public services of potable water supply and wastewater sanitation in Costa Rica, as key actors in the integrated management of water resources.
The only exception to the foregoing shall be the regime that indigenous territories establish for themselves…” [sic] (the highlighting does not correspond to the original) …” [sic] As a result of the foregoing, this Health Governing Area Directorate proceeded to notify Mr. [Name 002] through sanitary order MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-OS-0021- 2023 (folio 02821), where he is ordered textually as follows: “… YOU ARE ORDERED TO, WITHIN THE PERIODS INDICATED ABOVE, PROCEED TO: Item 1 = Present the Action Plan that the ASADA of Cipreses has to supply the population that is unable to obtain water at the self-service storage tanks and where the tanker truck does not have access. Item 2 = If you do not have the aforementioned Action Plan, you are granted a period of 5 business days from the day following notification of this administrative act for said Plan to be prepared, and subsequently (period of 3 business days), you must present it to this Health Governing Area.
(Total 8 business days). If you comply with item 1 above, item 2 does not apply. Item 3 = Guarantee and be vigilant that all subscribers have access to potable water…” [sic] Likewise, in response to information requested by the Ombudsman's Office, where an intervention request is being processed by said office regarding a complaint filed by a resident of the La Puente sector, it is reported that this Health Governing Area has followed up on the water distribution in said sector, which is evidenced in technical reports MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0110- 2023 (folios 02777 to 02780) and MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-0501-2023 (folios 03106 to 03111), in which our actions in response to the potable water distribution in said sector are described. On September 27, 2023, and through inspection reports 11-2023 and 12-2023 (folios 03161 to 03162) and technical report MS-DRRSCE-DARSO-IT-517- 2023 (folios 03163 to 03164), the inspection visit carried out by the undersigned collaborator is detailed; she went to the La Puente sector and was able to confirm that both the storage tank located at the La Puente Church and the one located at the Packing Plant of Mr.
Ulises Brenes have water and their taps function correctly so that the people residing in said sector can obtain potable water for human consumption. Furthermore, it was possible to speak with a resident of the area, and he reports that both the AyA tanker truck and the pick up with a small tank from the ASADA of Cipreses de Oreamuno have been entering to distribute potable water in said community. I consider it important to add that the Constitutional Chamber (Sala Constitucional) is aware of the contamination problem from degradation products of the Fungicide Chlorothalonil in the communities of Cipreses and Santa Rosa de Oreamuno, as well as all of our actions, which can be verified in files No. 20-021797-0007-CO, No. 22-015651-0007-CO, No. 23-005100-0007-CO, No. 22-026649-0007-CO. Given all that has arisen from the contamination problems caused by the degradation products of the Fungicide Chlorothalonil, the Health Governing Area of Oreamuno has acted within our possibilities, in order to safeguard the water sources and guarantee the fundamental rights to life and health of persons, as well as the well-being of the population, which constitute legal assets of public interest that the State is obliged to protect, through the adoption of measures that defend them from any threat or danger.
As well as to ensure the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Likewise, joint work has been carried out among the three management levels of the Ministry of Health in search of a work route to provide a definitive solution to the evidenced and already described contamination problem; and it was through the “Chlorothalonil Technical Report” (“Informe Técnico Clorotalonil”) that eight recommendations were issued, within which the prohibition of chlorothalonil is requested in search of a definitive solution to the problem at hand, and which, today, the Constitutional Chamber orders us to adopt and execute.” Official communication No. MS-DPRSA-USA-1975-2023 states: “Context and Actions Taken: 1. Initial Actions: From the beginning, the Ministry of Health has been committed to addressing this matter with seriousness and responsibility. This case has involved the active collaboration of the three care levels of the Ministry of Health, as well as entities such as the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA), the National University, and the Ministry of Environment and Energy. 2.
Results of the IRET: In 2021, the Regional Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances of the National University (IRET) conducted tests on the water of the communal aqueduct ASADA Cipreses, identifying presumptive levels of molecules derived from the pesticide Chlorothalonil, specifically 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil. It is worth mentioning that this laboratory is not accredited and is dedicated mainly to research. 3. Sanitary Orders: Given the alert generated by the IRET results, the Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud, ARS) of Oreamuno issued sanitary orders to request the delimitation of the protection areas of the water supply sources, as well as a cessation of agricultural activities near the springs (nacientes). A hydrogeological study was also requested from the ASADA to evaluate water quality and its possible contamination. 4. Ministry of Health Sampling: In April 2022, the Environmental Health Unit of the Ministry of Health coordinated a visit to the community of Cipreses to conduct sampling at the affected springs (nacientes) and in the community's distribution network.
They focused on analyzing Chlorothalonil, as it is the analyte accredited by national laboratories. In this sampling, the Ministry of Health did not find concentrations of Chlorothalonil or any other pesticide evaluated at Level 4 of Regulation 38924-S for Potable Water Quality. 5. Coordination Meeting: In May 2022, a coordination meeting was held among the National Water Laboratory (LNA), AyA, the IRET, and the three levels of the Ministry of Health. At this meeting, the actions carried out by the IRET and the methodologies used in the determinations of the metabolites were discussed. The IRET admitted the need to improve its tests and perform validation trials to optimize them. The LNA recommended caution in decisions based on these results (PRE-LNA-2022- 00320). 6. Search for Accredited Laboratories: Given the need for results that comply with the accreditation standard as indicated in the Regulation for Potable Water Quality DE 38924-S, the collaboration of other laboratories, both public and private, that had the required validated and accredited techniques was sought.
Unfortunately, no positive response was obtained from any of them. 7. Collaboration with AyA: To address the situation, a support request was coordinated with the Executive Presidency of AyA so that the LNA would implement the analyses of 1,3- dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil in potable water. AyA accepted the request and proposed two scenarios: in the short term, an agreement would be made with the IRET to collaborate on the validation of the tests and guarantee the reliability of the results; in the long term, new equipment would be acquired for the LNA to improve its analytical capacity. 8. Request for delimitation of spring (naciente) protection zones: In relation to the partial or total absence of delimitation of the protection zones of the Carlos Calvo and Plantón springs (nacientes), sources of the ASADA of Cipreses, it should be noted that according to the Water Law No. 276, in its Article 31, the need for a protection zone with a perimeter of 200 meters around the springs (nacientes) is clearly established.
This measure aims to safeguard the quality of the water resource and prevent contamination. Therefore, the Environmental Health Unit recommended to the corresponding ARS that, through an administrative act, it request the ASADA of Cipreses to undertake the necessary delimitation of the protection zones. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 42 of the ASADAS Regulation No. 42582-S-MINAE, which clearly establishes that it is the responsibility of the ASADA to protect the water resource and delimit the protection zones; these actions are not only the competence of the ASADA but are also of interest and competence of AyA (Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers). 9. Sampling and validation of analytical tests for the detection of Chlorothalonil metabolites: During the month of September, as a result of the coordination efforts led by the Ministry of Health, sampling was carried out by the IRET and the National Water Laboratory (LNA) laboratories at the Plantón and Carlos Calvo springs (nacientes), both supply sources of the ASADA Cipreses.
The report "Results of analysis of Cipreses samples and tests for method development for the determination of Chlorothalonil metabolites" (PRE-LNA-2022-00887) confirmed the presence of the metabolites 1,3- dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6 tetrachlorobenzene and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil at levels exceeding the maximum permissible value established by Regulation 38924-S, which is 0.1 ug/L. 10. Recommendations for Sanitary Orders to close the Aqueduct: Given the confirmed detection of chlorothalonil metabolites in the water of the ASADA of Cipreses de Oreamuno, research was conducted on these molecules with respect to human health; there is a lack of scientific studies characterizing and identifying risks associated with ingestion, contact, or other forms of exposure to the metabolites 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6 tetrachlorobenzene and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil. However, there are studies that identify Chlorothalonil as highly toxic to aquatic life and moderately toxic to birds and earthworms.
Furthermore, 4-hydroxychlorothalonil has been classified as highly toxic in studies conducted on rodents. Therefore, any indication of contamination with this pesticide or its metabolites must be addressed with extreme caution and necessary measures taken to avoid exposure, in view of the limited scientific evidence on its risks to human health and the studies confirming the ecotoxicity and associated environmental risk. Therefore, from the central level, through official communication MS-DPRSA- 0636-2022, recommendations were issued for sanitary orders for the closure of the aqueduct and for AyA to intervene with a plan to provide the population with potable water, in addition to sanitary orders for the Ministry of Agriculture to implement a risk reduction plan for the use of chlorothalonil in the region. (attached) 11. Technical report on Chlorothalonil and draft prohibition decree: The office of the former Vice Minister of Health, Carolina Gallo, through official communication MS-DVM-4387-2023, requested the creation of a specialized team for the drafting of the corresponding prohibition decree.
In accordance with said requirement, an inter-institutional team was established that collaborated in the preparation of a technical report and a draft of the aforementioned decree. This proposal was transmitted to the office of the former Vice Minister on May 15 of this year, in addition to having several complementary points as detailed in official communication MS-DRPIS-988-2023. It is relevant to report that, unfortunately, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock did not participate in this process, despite the efforts made for its involvement, as recorded in official communication MS-DM- 4243-2023. 12. However, it should be noted that constant follow-up of the draft prohibition of chlorothalonil has been maintained by this directorate, and it is currently in the office of the Minister of Health for review and subsequent procedures. In conclusion: From the beginning of this case, the Ministry of Health has acted rigorously and based on science and the available scientific evidence.
We have conducted analyses and sampling to verify the presence of contaminants in the water and have followed the appropriate procedures in compliance with our public health competencies. Aware of the importance of preventing future contamination and seeking the natural remediation of contaminated sources, an Executive Decree for the Prohibition of Chlorothalonil has been managed. This effort has been carried out by the Directorate of Radiological Protection and Environmental Health in conjunction with the Directorate of Regulation of Products of Sanitary Interest and officials of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, since the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) does not have the authority to prohibit or restrict a product on agricultural farms or in specific zones. Recognizing the need to provide access to safe water to the affected communities, we have issued sanitary orders to the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA) to provide water supply solutions to said communities.
AyA is the technical governing authority on potable water matters and is responsible for following up on and addressing this type of complaint, especially in situations where the availability and quantity of water resources are a challenge. Therefore, we respectfully request that the Constitutional Chamber consider these arguments and declare the filed appeal without merit, recognizing that the Ministry of Health has acted within its competencies and for the benefit of public health, placing responsibility on AyA as the technical governing authority based on the substance of the filed complaint.” That in accordance with the information set forth in official communications No. MS-DRRSCE-DARSO- 0840-2023 and No. MS-DPRSA-USA-1975-2023, the authorities of the Ministry of Health have acted diligently, since they have followed the appropriate procedures in compliance within our competencies and for the benefit of public health.
Drafted by Magistrate Cruz Castro; and,
Considering:
As these are amparo appeals directed against private subjects, prior to the analysis of the merits regarding the alleged constitutional violation, it must be examined whether, in this case, one of the assumptions that make such an appeal admissible is present or not, and, if so, clarify whether it is admissible or not. The Law of the Constitutional Jurisdiction indicates in Article 57 that the amparo appeal is admissible against the actions or omissions of subjects of private law, when these act or must act in the exercise of public functions or powers, or when they are, de jure or de facto, in a position of power against which common jurisdictional remedies are clearly insufficient or tardy to guarantee the fundamental rights or freedoms referred to in Article 2, subsection a) of the same Law. In this specific case, one of these prerequisites is met, since they are subjects of private law who are acting in the exercise of public functions or powers by providing a public service, which is why the appeal is admitted for analysis by this Court.
The petitioner states that she is a resident of the community of La Puente, Paraíso, Cartago and accuses contamination with chlorothalonil in the Plantón and Carlos Calvo springs (nacientes), in Cipreses de Oreamuno. She explains that chlorothalonil is an agrochemical used as a fungicide, especially for celery, onion, and cilantro crops, among others; that it generated contamination in the mentioned springs (nacientes), and affected the water consumed by the entire community of Cipreses and its surroundings. She adds that according to studies, it has been shown that said fungicide is harmful to human health, as it can cause skin diseases and cancer. She states that many people in the community have installed water filters to be able to consume potable water; however, not everyone can access them due to their high cost and they continue to consume the water. Added to the fact that the contaminated water continues to be used for bathing and cleaning, among other activities.
She points out that the ASADA of Cipreses has provided tanker trucks, but it is not enough for the entire community. She adds that in the community of La Puente, this problem has increased because multiple water cuts are occurring (from 9 to 11 a.m. and from 2 to 6 p.m.), and one tanker truck is not enough to supply that community. She notes that she went to the Ministry of Health, where she received a response on August 18, 2023, but they only indicated that the prohibition of the agrochemical is being managed.
For purposes of resolving this amparo appeal, the following are deemed accredited:
In the resolution of this appeal, the ruling of this Chamber in judgment number 2023014252 of 9:30 a.m. on June 16, 2023, is of great importance, which ordered:
"I.- Object of the appeal. The appellant alleges that the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago issued a statement to users of the drinking water service on November 13, 2022, in which it reported that between the months of October and November 2022, a water quality analysis had been conducted on the 7 springs (nacientes) supplying the aqueduct, and in five of them the presence of metabolites of the agrochemical Chlorothalonil had been detected. He claims that to date, the contamination problem persists, as water from the direct pipe connection cannot be consumed and must be transported remotely by tanker trucks.
II.Regarding the specific case. This Chamber, through judgment No. 2023-013384 of 1:41 p.m. on June 6, 2023, when hearing an amparo appeal concerning the problems due to the presence of metabolites of the agrochemical Chlorothalonil in the springs (nacientes) that supply the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, ordered the following:
"The appeal is granted. It is ordered: 1) to Alexei Carrillo Villegas and Fiorella Fait Wong, in their order, Acting Minister of Health and Acting Director of the Rector Health Area of Oreamuno, or to whomever exercises those positions in their stead, to, in accordance with the powers recognized by current legislation, immediately establish all corresponding coordination bodies with the authorities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, within their respective spheres of competence, so that within a period of six months, counted from the notification of this judgment, and in accordance with the parameters established by the Ministry of Health, the recommendations of the unnumbered report dated April 14, 2023, issued by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, called "Informe Técnico Clorotalonil" ("Technical Report Chlorothalonil"), are adopted and executed, to guarantee the right to health and life of the people; that follow-up to such recommendations be provided, and the pertinent actions be issued to guarantee their adequate and timely compliance; and 2) to Jorge Zapata Arroyo and José Sánchez Redondo, in their order, General Manager of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers and President with judicial and extrajudicial representation of the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, or to whomever exercises those positions in their stead, to immediately maintain and guarantee the provision of drinking water service for human consumption through the appropriate means, without using any of the contaminated water sources for that purpose, and that this situation be maintained until the service can be duly restored through the usual means without compromising safety and health, and with prior authorization from the Ministry of Health in that regard.
The foregoing, under the warning that, if this order is not complied with, the offender shall incur the crime of disobedience and that, in accordance with article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be fulfilled or enforced, issued in an amparo appeal, and does not fulfill it or have it fulfilled, provided the crime is not more severely penalized. The State and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the judgment in the contentious-administrative court. Likewise, the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the civil judgment.
Magistrate Salazar Alvarado notes a separate notation. Magistrate Garro Vargas dissents in the vote regarding the enforcement of the first order of this judgment and, in accordance with article 56 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, orders that it must be carried out before the Enforcement Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Court, under the enforcement rules established in articles 155 and following of the Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Likewise, she orders that a copy of the judgment be sent to her to initiate the enforcement procedures for this ruling." By virtue of the foregoing, as the problems due to the presence of metabolites of the agrochemical Chlorothalonil in the springs (nacientes) supplying the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago have already been resolved by this Chamber by granting the appeal, what is appropriate in this file is to uphold the amparo and refer the appellant to what was resolved therein.
III.Partial dissenting vote regarding the operative part of this judgment by Magistrate Garro Vargas. Although I agree with the majority of the Chamber that the appeal should be granted, I differ on where to place the enforcement phase of the matter, due to the lack of adequate mechanisms provided by the regulations governing this constitutional jurisdiction to follow up on a judgment involving highly complex technical aspects, such as the adoption and execution of the recommendations of the unnumbered report dated April 14, 2023, issued by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, called "Informe Técnico Clorotalonil" ("Technical Report Chlorothalonil"), as well as ensuring the provision of drinking water service for human consumption through the appropriate means, without using any of the contaminated water sources.
In contrast, the provisions of the Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo regarding enforcement (article 155 and following) have evident advantages, such as the possibility of requesting chronograms, imposing fines, establishing responsibilities, supervising compliance stages, etc. Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of article 56 of the Ley de Jurisdicción Constitucional, I consider that the enforcement phase must be carried out before the Enforcement Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Court, under the judgment enforcement rules of said Code.
IV.Documentation provided to the file. The parties are warned that if they have provided any paper documents, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not withdrawn within this period shall be destroyed, in accordance with the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Full Court in session No. 27-11 on August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in the Judicial Bulletin number 19 on January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
Therefore:
The appeal is granted. Regarding the legal effects of the ruling in favor of the present judgment, the appellant is referred to what was already ordered by the Chamber in vote No. 2023-013384 of 1:41 p.m. on June 6, 2023. The State and the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the judgment in the contentious-administrative court. Likewise, the ASADA of Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the civil judgment. Magistrate Garro Vargas dissents in the vote regarding the enforcement of this judgment and, in accordance with article 56 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, orders that it must be carried out before the Enforcement Area of the Contentious-Administrative and Civil Treasury Court, under the enforcement rules established in articles 155 and following of the Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo.
Likewise, she orders that a copy of the judgment be sent to her to initiate the enforcement procedures for this ruling. Let it be notified." For his part, the President and General Attorney-in-Fact without limit of sum of the Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago reported that on November 30, 2023, Executive Decree No. 44280-S was published in the Official Gazette La Gaceta No. 223, supplement 237, which prohibited the use of chlorothalonil in Costa Rica. In view of the above, regarding that particular matter, the appeal must be dismissed.
V.The appellant also claims that the ASADA of Cipreses has provided cisterns, but it is not enough for the entire community. She adds that in the community of La Puente, this problem has increased because multiple water cuts are occurring (from 9 to 11 am and from 2 to 6 pm), and one cistern is not sufficient to supply that community. For his part, the President and General Attorney-in-Fact without limit of sum of the Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago reported that in the La Puente sector, there is a 5000-liter water tank for drinking water consumption, south side of the La Puente church, and 100 meters from the La Puente church there is another 2500-liter water tank for drinking water consumption, within which a control log for chlorine washing and filling is kept, where the ASADA assists them, even by means of the vehicles of its represented entity on impassable roads where the cistern truck cannot enter.
In relation to the rationing, there are criteria from the Comisión Nacional de Emergencias (CNE) where a warning and awareness were given about water consumption due to drought, and the District of Cipreses, together with the surrounding sectors, suffered from a decrease in the water resource in their sources from the Carlos Calvo and Platon springs (nacientes). In the cases of the La Puente sectors, which are supplied by the Platon spring (naciente) in the outskirts, for which the ASADA of Cipreses monthly monitors the flow rate, measures will be taken to conduct awareness campaigns regarding the use and consumption of the water resource. Note that the respondent authority reported that the rationing is due to the drought in the District of Cipreses and surrounding sectors that suffered from the Carlos Calvo and Platon springs (nacientes), which caused a decrease in the water resource in their sources.
In addition, it indicated that the ASADA assists them, even by means of the vehicles of its represented entity on impassable roads where the cistern truck cannot enter. In this regard, the appellant indicates that the cistern trucks are insufficient; however, she does not specify precisely and in more detail the reasons for her claim, in which sector of the community an inefficient service occurs or is not provided at all, the specific days on which such omissions have occurred, nor does she provide evidence to prove the violation of her fundamental rights. In view of the above, regarding that particular matter, the appeal must be dismissed.
The parties are warned that if they have provided any paper documents, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not withdrawn within this period shall be destroyed, in accordance with the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Full Court in session number 27-11 on August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in the Judicial Bulletin number 19 on January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, in session number 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
THEREFORE:
The appeal is dismissed.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Alejandro Delgado F.
Jorge Isaac Solano A.
*CP6LNSIJZJ061* FILE No. 23-021498-0007-CO Telephones: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2295-3712 / 2549-1633. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 mts. South of the Perpetuo Socorro church). Reception of matters from vulnerable groups: Edificio Corte Suprema de Justicia, San José, Catedral District, González Lahmann Neighborhood, streets 19 and 21, avenues 8 and 6.
Classification prepared by SALA CONSTITUCIONAL of the Judicial Branch. Reproduction and/or distribution for profit is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 02-23-2026 15:14:36.
Indicadores de Relevancia Sentencia relevante Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente Contenido de Interés:
Temas Estrategicos: Ambiental,Der Económicos sociales culturales y ambientales Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
CONTAMINACION.
006271-24. SE CUESTIONA EL USO DE CLOROTALONIL EN CARTAGO. SE DECLARA SIN LUGAR, AL INDICARSE QUE, HAY UN DECRETO EJECUTIVO (44280-S), EN DONDE EXPRESAMENTE SE PROHÍBE EL USO DE ESTE PRODUCTO EN COSTA RICA. SE CITA LA SENTENCIA 14252-23. SIN LUGAR. VCG03/2024 “(…) IV.- ANTECEDENTE. En la resolución del presente recurso es de gran importancia lo resuelto por esta Sala en la sentencia número 2023014252 de las 9:30 horas del 16 de junio de 2023, en la que se dispuso:
“I.- Objeto del recurso. El recurrente alega que la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago emitió un comunicado a los usuarios del servicio de agua potable el 13 de noviembre de 2022, en el que informó que entre los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2022, se había realizado un análisis de calidad de agua a las 7 nacientes que abastecían al acueducto y en cinco de ellas se había detectado la presencia de metabolitos del agroquímico Clorotalonil. Acusa que a la fecha persiste la problemática de la contaminación, pues no se puede consumir el agua de la conexión directa por tuberías y debe que ser acarreada de manera remota por tanquetas.
II.Sobre el caso concreto. Esta Sala mediante sentencia No. 2023-013384 de las 13:41 horas del 06 de junio de 2023, al conocer un recurso de amparo por los problemas ante la presencia de metabolitos del agroquímico Clorotalonil en las nacientes que abastecen a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, dispuso lo siguiente:
“Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena: 1) a Alexei Carrillo Villegas y a Fiorella Fait Wong, por su orden Ministro a.i. de Salud y Directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Oreamuno, o a quienes, en su lugar ejerzan esos cargos, para que de conformidad con las potestades que les reconoce la legislación vigente, de inmediato establezcan todas las instancias de coordinación correspondientes con las autoridades del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, y del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, dentro de sus respectivos ámbitos de competencias, para que dentro del plazo de seis meses, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, y en consonancia con los parámetros establecidos por el Ministerio de Salud, se adopten y ejecuten las recomendaciones del informe sin número de 14 de abril de 2023, emitido por el Ministerio de Salud, el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía y el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, denominado "Informe Técnico Clorotalonil", para garantizar el derecho a la salud y a la vida de las personas; se brinde seguimiento a tales recomendaciones, y se emitan las actuaciones pertinentes para garantizar su adecuado y oportuno cumplimiento; y 2) a Jorge Zapata Arroyo y José Sánchez Redondo, por su orden Gerente General del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados y Presidente con representación judicial y extrajudicial de la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, o a quienes, en su lugar ejerzan esos cargos, para que de manera inmediata mantengan y garanticen la prestación del servicio de agua potable para consumo humano mediante las vías que corresponda, sin que se utilice para ello ninguna de las fuentes de agua contaminadas, y que tal situación se mantenga, hasta que el servicio pueda ser debidamente restablecido por los medios habituales sin comprometer la seguridad y la salud, y previa autorización al respecto por parte del Ministerio de Salud.
Lo anterior, bajo apercibimiento de que, de no acatar esta orden, incurrirá en el delito de desobediencia y que de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo, y no la cumpliere o hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado y al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Asimismo, se condena a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo civil.
El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado consigna nota. La Magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto respecto a la ejecución de la primera orden de esta sentencia y, de conformidad con el artículo 56 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, dispone que debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución, establecidos en los artículos 155 y siguientes del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Asimismo, ordena que se le remita copia de la sentencia para que se inicie los procedimientos de ejecución de este fallo” En mérito de lo anterior, como los problemas por la presencia de metabolitos del agroquímico Clorotalonil en las nacientes que abastecen a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, ya esta Sala resolvió declarar con lugar el recurso, de manera que lo que procede en este expediente es acoger el amparo y remitir al recurrente a lo ahí resuelto.
III.Voto salvado parcial respecto a la parte dispositiva de esta sentencia de la magistrada Garro Vargas. Si bien coincido con la mayoría de la Sala en que el recurso se debe declarar con lugar, difiero sobre dónde residenciar la fase de ejecución del asunto, debido a la inexistencia de mecanismos adecuados previstos por la normativa que rige esta jurisdicción constitucional para dar seguimiento a una sentencia que reviste aspectos técnicos de gran complejidad, como es la adopción y ejecución de las recomendaciones del informe sin número de 14 de abril de 2023, emitido por el Ministerio de Salud, el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía y el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, denominado "Informe Técnico Clorotalonil", así como que se garantice la prestación del servicio de agua potable para consumo humano mediante las vías que corresponda, sin que se utilice para ello ninguna de las fuentes de agua contaminadas.
En cambio, lo dispuesto por el Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo en materia de ejecución (artículo 155 y siguientes) tiene evidentes ventajas, como la posibilidad de pedir cronogramas, imponer multas, sentar responsabilidades, fiscalizar etapas de cumplimiento, etc. Por ello, de conformidad con lo dispuesto por el artículo 56 de la Ley de Jurisdicción Constitucional, estimo que la fase de ejecución debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución de sentencia de dicho Código.
IV.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión No. 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión No. 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. En lo concerniente a los efectos jurídicos de la parte estimatoria de la presente sentencia, se remite al recurrente a lo ya ordenado por la Sala en el voto No. 2023-013384 de las 13:41 horas del 06 de junio de 2023. Se condena al Estado y al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Asimismo, se condena a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo civil. La magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto respecto a la ejecución de esta sentencia y, de conformidad con el artículo 56 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, dispone que debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución, establecidos en los artículos 155 y siguientes del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Asimismo, ordena que se le remita copia de la sentencia para que se inicie los procedimientos de ejecución de este fallo. Notifíquese”.
Por su parte, el Presidente y Apoderado Generalísimo sin límite de suma de la Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago informó que el 30 de noviembre de 2023 se publicó en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta No. 223, alcance 237, el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 44280-S en donde se prohibió el uso de clorotalonil en Costa Rica. Así las cosas, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado.
V.La recurrente además reclama que la ASADA de Cipreses ha proporcionado cisternas, pero no es suficiente para toda la comunidad. Añade que en la comunidad de La Puente, dicha problemática ha incrementado debido a que, se están dando múltiples cortes de agua (de 9 a 11 am y de 2 a 6 pm), y un cisterna no es suficiente para abastecer a esa comunidad. Por su parte, el Presidente y Apoderado Generalísimo sin límite de suma de la Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago informó que en el sector La Puente existe un tanque de agua de 5000 litros de agua para el consumo de agua potable, costado sur de la iglesia de La Puente y a 100 metros existe de la iglesia La Puente existe otro tanque de agua de 2500 litros de agua para el consumo de agua potable, dentro de los cuales se lleva una bitácora de control de lavado con cloro y de llenado en donde la asada los asiste incluso por medio de los carros de su representada en caminos intransitables en donde el camión cisterna no puede ingresar.
En relación con los racionamientos, existen criterios por parte de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias en donde se hizo la advertencia y consciencia del gasto de agua debido a la sequía y el Distrito de Cipreses en conjunto con los sectores aledaños sufrieron por parte de las nacientes de Carlos Calvo y Platon la baja del recurso hídrico en sus fuentes. En los casos de los sectores de La Puente, los cuales son abastecidos por la naciente de Platon en los afueras, los cuales la Asada de Cipreses hace mensualmente el seguimiento del caudal y se tomaran medida de hacer campañas de concientización con respecto al uso y gasto del recurso hídrico de agua. Nótese que la autoridad recurrida informó que los racionamientos se debe a la sequía en el Distrito de Cipreses y sectores aledaños que sufrieron por parte de las nacientes de Carlos Calvo y Platon lo que ocasionó la baja del recurso hídrico en sus fuentes.
Además, indicó que la asada los asiste incluso por medio de los carros de su representada en caminos intransitables en donde el camión cisterna no puede ingresar. En este sentido, la parte recurrente indica que los camiones cisternas son insuficientes, sin embargo, no señala de manera precisa y con más detalle, los motivos de su afirmación, en qué sector de la comunidad se presenta un servicio ineficiente o no se brinda del todo, los días precisos en que se han dado tales omisiones, ni aporta prueba que permita acreditar la vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales. Así las cosas, en cuanto a tal extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado. (…)”
... Ver más Sentencias Relacionadas Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 6. LEY DE LA JURISDICCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL ANOTADA CON JURISPRUDENCIA Tema: 057- Amparo contra sujetos de derecho privado Subtemas:
NO APLICA.
ARTÍCULO 57 DE LA LEY DE LA JURISDICCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL “(…) I.- CUESTIÓN PREVIA. Tratándose de recursos de amparo dirigidos contra sujetos privados, previo al análisis de fondo acerca de la violación constitucional alegada, debe examinarse si, en la especie, se está o no ante alguno de los supuestos que hacen admisible tal recurso, y, en caso afirmativo, dilucidar si es o no admisible. Indica la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional en el artículo 57 que procede el recurso de amparo contra las acciones u omisiones de sujetos de derecho privado, cuando estos actúen o deban actuar en ejercicio de funciones o potestades públicas, o se encuentren, de derecho o de hecho, en una posición de poder frente a la cual los remedios jurisdiccionales comunes resulten claramente insuficientes o tardíos para garantizar los derechos o libertades fundamentales a que se refiere el artículo 2, inciso a) de la misma Ley. En el caso concreto, se cumple uno de estos presupuestos, ya que se trata de sujetos de derecho privado que están actuando en ejercicio de funciones o potestades públicas al prestar un servicio público, motivo por el que el recurso se admite para su análisis por parte de este Tribunal. (…)” VCG03/2024 ... Ver más SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas quince minutos del ocho de marzo de dos mil veinticuatro .
Recurso de amparo interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001], contra el MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
RESULTANDO:
Redacta el Magistrado Cruz Castro; y,
Considerando:
Tratándose de recursos de amparo dirigidos contra sujetos privados, previo al análisis de fondo acerca de la violación constitucional alegada, debe examinarse si, en la especie, se está o no ante alguno de los supuestos que hacen admisible tal recurso, y, en caso afirmativo, dilucidar si es o no admisible. Indica la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional en el artículo 57 que procede el recurso de amparo contra las acciones u omisiones de sujetos de derecho privado, cuando estos actúen o deban actuar en ejercicio de funciones o potestades públicas, o se encuentren, de derecho o de hecho, en una posición de poder frente a la cual los remedios jurisdiccionales comunes resulten claramente insuficientes o tardíos para garantizar los derechos o libertades fundamentales a que se refiere el artículo 2, inciso a) de la misma Ley. En el caso concreto, se cumple uno de estos presupuestos, ya que se trata de sujetos de derecho privado que están actuando en ejercicio de funciones o potestades públicas al prestar un servicio público, motivo por el que el recurso se admite para su análisis por parte de este Tribunal.
La recurrente indica que es vecina de la comunidad de La Puente, Paraíso, Cartago y acusa contaminación con clorotalonil en las nacientes de Plantón y Carlos Calvo, en Cipreses de Oreamuno. Explica que el clorotalonil es un agroquímico utilizado como fungicida, especialmente para los cultivos de apio, cebolla y cilantro, entre otros; que generó contaminación en las mencionadas nacientes, y afectó el agua que consume toda la comunidad de Cipreses y sus alrededores. Agrega que según estudios se ha demostrado que dicho fungicida es nocivo para la salud humana, ya que puede ocasionar enfermedades de la piel y cáncer. Refiere que muchas personas de la comunidad han colocado filtros de agua para poder consumir agua potable, sin embargo, no todas pueden tener acceso a este por su alto costo y siguen consumiendo el agua. Aunado al hecho de que el agua contaminada se sigue utilizando para baño y limpieza, entre otras actividades.
Señala que la ASADA de Cipreses ha proporcionado cisternas, pero no es suficiente para toda la comunidad. Añade que en la comunidad de La Puente, dicha problemática ha incrementado debido a que, se están dando múltiples cortes de agua (de 9 a 11 am y de 2 a 6 pm), y un cisterna no es suficiente para abastecer a esa comunidad. Apunta que acudió ante el Ministerio de Salud, donde le respondieron el 18 de agosto de 2023, pero solo le indicaron que se está gestionando la prohibición del agroquímico.
De relevancia para dirimir el presente recurso de amparo, se tienen por acreditados los siguientes:
En la resolución del presente recurso es de gran importancia lo resuelto por esta Sala en la sentencia número 2023014252 de las 9:30 horas del 16 de junio de 2023, en la que se dispuso:
“I.- Objeto del recurso. El recurrente alega que la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago emitió un comunicado a los usuarios del servicio de agua potable el 13 de noviembre de 2022, en el que informó que entre los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2022, se había realizado un análisis de calidad de agua a las 7 nacientes que abastecían al acueducto y en cinco de ellas se había detectado la presencia de metabolitos del agroquímico Clorotalonil. Acusa que a la fecha persiste la problemática de la contaminación, pues no se puede consumir el agua de la conexión directa por tuberías y debe que ser acarreada de manera remota por tanquetas.
II.Sobre el caso concreto. Esta Sala mediante sentencia No. 2023-013384 de las 13:41 horas del 06 de junio de 2023, al conocer un recurso de amparo por los problemas ante la presencia de metabolitos del agroquímico Clorotalonil en las nacientes que abastecen a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, dispuso lo siguiente:
“Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena: 1) a Alexei Carrillo Villegas y a Fiorella Fait Wong, por su orden Ministro a.i. de Salud y Directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Oreamuno, o a quienes, en su lugar ejerzan esos cargos, para que de conformidad con las potestades que les reconoce la legislación vigente, de inmediato establezcan todas las instancias de coordinación correspondientes con las autoridades del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, y del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, dentro de sus respectivos ámbitos de competencias, para que dentro del plazo de seis meses, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, y en consonancia con los parámetros establecidos por el Ministerio de Salud, se adopten y ejecuten las recomendaciones del informe sin número de 14 de abril de 2023, emitido por el Ministerio de Salud, el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía y el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, denominado "Informe Técnico Clorotalonil", para garantizar el derecho a la salud y a la vida de las personas; se brinde seguimiento a tales recomendaciones, y se emitan las actuaciones pertinentes para garantizar su adecuado y oportuno cumplimiento; y 2) a Jorge Zapata Arroyo y José Sánchez Redondo, por su orden Gerente General del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados y Presidente con representación judicial y extrajudicial de la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, o a quienes, en su lugar ejerzan esos cargos, para que de manera inmediata mantengan y garanticen la prestación del servicio de agua potable para consumo humano mediante las vías que corresponda, sin que se utilice para ello ninguna de las fuentes de agua contaminadas, y que tal situación se mantenga, hasta que el servicio pueda ser debidamente restablecido por los medios habituales sin comprometer la seguridad y la salud, y previa autorización al respecto por parte del Ministerio de Salud.
Lo anterior, bajo apercibimiento de que, de no acatar esta orden, incurrirá en el delito de desobediencia y que de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo, y no la cumpliere o hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado y al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Asimismo, se condena a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo civil.
El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado consigna nota. La Magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto respecto a la ejecución de la primera orden de esta sentencia y, de conformidad con el artículo 56 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, dispone que debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución, establecidos en los artículos 155 y siguientes del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Asimismo, ordena que se le remita copia de la sentencia para que se inicie los procedimientos de ejecución de este fallo” En mérito de lo anterior, como los problemas por la presencia de metabolitos del agroquímico Clorotalonil en las nacientes que abastecen a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago, ya esta Sala resolvió declarar con lugar el recurso, de manera que lo que procede en este expediente es acoger el amparo y remitir al recurrente a lo ahí resuelto.
III.Voto salvado parcial respecto a la parte dispositiva de esta sentencia de la magistrada Garro Vargas. Si bien coincido con la mayoría de la Sala en que el recurso se debe declarar con lugar, difiero sobre dónde residenciar la fase de ejecución del asunto, debido a la inexistencia de mecanismos adecuados previstos por la normativa que rige esta jurisdicción constitucional para dar seguimiento a una sentencia que reviste aspectos técnicos de gran complejidad, como es la adopción y ejecución de las recomendaciones del informe sin número de 14 de abril de 2023, emitido por el Ministerio de Salud, el Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía y el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillado, denominado "Informe Técnico Clorotalonil", así como que se garantice la prestación del servicio de agua potable para consumo humano mediante las vías que corresponda, sin que se utilice para ello ninguna de las fuentes de agua contaminadas.
En cambio, lo dispuesto por el Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo en materia de ejecución (artículo 155 y siguientes) tiene evidentes ventajas, como la posibilidad de pedir cronogramas, imponer multas, sentar responsabilidades, fiscalizar etapas de cumplimiento, etc. Por ello, de conformidad con lo dispuesto por el artículo 56 de la Ley de Jurisdicción Constitucional, estimo que la fase de ejecución debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución de sentencia de dicho Código.
IV.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión No. 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión No. 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. En lo concerniente a los efectos jurídicos de la parte estimatoria de la presente sentencia, se remite al recurrente a lo ya ordenado por la Sala en el voto No. 2023-013384 de las 13:41 horas del 06 de junio de 2023. Se condena al Estado y al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Asimismo, se condena a la ASADA de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno de Cartago al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo civil. La magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto respecto a la ejecución de esta sentencia y, de conformidad con el artículo 56 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, dispone que debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución, establecidos en los artículos 155 y siguientes del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Asimismo, ordena que se le remita copia de la sentencia para que se inicie los procedimientos de ejecución de este fallo. Notifíquese”.
Por su parte, el Presidente y Apoderado Generalísimo sin límite de suma de la Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago informó que el 30 de noviembre de 2023 se publicó en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta No. 223, alcance 237, el Decreto Ejecutivo No. 44280-S en donde se prohibió el uso de clorotalonil en Costa Rica. Así las cosas, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado.
V.La recurrente además reclama que la ASADA de Cipreses ha proporcionado cisternas, pero no es suficiente para toda la comunidad. Añade que en la comunidad de La Puente, dicha problemática ha incrementado debido a que, se están dando múltiples cortes de agua (de 9 a 11 am y de 2 a 6 pm), y un cisterna no es suficiente para abastecer a esa comunidad. Por su parte, el Presidente y Apoderado Generalísimo sin límite de suma de la Asociación de Acueducto de Cipreses de Oreamuno de Cartago informó que en el sector La Puente existe un tanque de agua de 5000 litros de agua para el consumo de agua potable, costado sur de la iglesia de La Puente y a 100 metros existe de la iglesia La Puente existe otro tanque de agua de 2500 litros de agua para el consumo de agua potable, dentro de los cuales se lleva una bitácora de control de lavado con cloro y de llenado en donde la asada los asiste incluso por medio de los carros de su representada en caminos intransitables en donde el camión cisterna no puede ingresar.
En relación con los racionamientos, existen criterios por parte de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias en donde se hizo la advertencia y consciencia del gasto de agua debido a la sequía y el Distrito de Cipreses en conjunto con los sectores aledaños sufrieron por parte de las nacientes de Carlos Calvo y Platon la baja del recurso hídrico en sus fuentes. En los casos de los sectores de La Puente, los cuales son abastecidos por la naciente de Platon en los afueras, los cuales la Asada de Cipreses hace mensualmente el seguimiento del caudal y se tomaran medida de hacer campañas de concientización con respecto al uso y gasto del recurso hídrico de agua. Nótese que la autoridad recurrida informó que los racionamientos se debe a la sequía en el Distrito de Cipreses y sectores aledaños que sufrieron por parte de las nacientes de Carlos Calvo y Platon lo que ocasionó la baja del recurso hídrico en sus fuentes.
Además, indicó que la asada los asiste incluso por medio de los carros de su representada en caminos intransitables en donde el camión cisterna no puede ingresar. En este sentido, la parte recurrente indica que los camiones cisternas son insuficientes, sin embargo, no señala de manera precisa y con más detalle, los motivos de su afirmación, en qué sector de la comunidad se presenta un servicio ineficiente o no se brinda del todo, los días precisos en que se han dado tales omisiones, ni aporta prueba que permita acreditar la vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales. Así las cosas, en cuanto a tal extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión número 27-11 del 22 de agosto de 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero de 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión número 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo de 2012, artículo LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Alejandro Delgado F.
Jorge Isaac Solano A.
Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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