In the case of private banks, they may only raise deposits in checking accounts if they meet any of the following requirements:
- i)Permanently maintain a loan balance in the Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo equivalent to seventeen percent (17%) of their total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less, both in national and foreign currency, once the corresponding reserve requirement (encaje) is deducted. In the event that all the deposits are made in national currency, the percentage shall only be fifteen percent (15%) on the same calculation basis. The resources received by the administering state bank or banks from private entities are exempt from the minimum legal reserve requirement, for the operations carried out by the administering bank or banks, as established in Article 36 of Law N.° 8634, Ley del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, and its amendments.
To calculate the percentages indicated above, the following elements shall be considered:
- 1)It shall be calculated based on the average of the fundraising over the last ninety business days, at the end of the day, with a lag of five business days.
- 2)Furthermore, on each and every day of the control period for compliance with the provisions of this article, the daily balance of the loans in the Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo may not be less than ninety-five percent (95%) of the average indicated in the preceding point.
The entities administering these resources, according to Article 36 of Law 8634, shall recognize to private banks, for the transferred resources, an interest rate of fifty percent (50%) of the passive base rate for deposits in national currency and fifty percent (50%) of the average of the last three months of the SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate), calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for the resources transferred in foreign currency.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by the sole article of the Law to change the reference to the LIBOR rate in regulations related to the Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, N° 10112 of January 28, 2022) These resources may be invested as established in Article 36 of Law N.° 8634, Ley del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, and its amendments.
If the bank opts for clause i) and does not comply with the provisions of this clause, a penalty shall be applied equivalent to the passive base rate in colones, calculated by the Central Bank, plus four percentage points (TBP+4p.p), applicable to the amount not deposited by the banking entity. The amount of this fine shall be deposited into the Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo (Fonade) (*) (*) (Thus modified its denomination by Article 4 clause c) of Law N° 9654 of February 14, 2019. Previously it stated: "Fideicomiso Nacional para el Desarrollo (Finade)") ii) Alternatively, maintain a balance equivalent to at least ten percent (10%), once the corresponding reserve requirement is deducted, of their total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less, in local and foreign currency, in credits directed to the programs that, for these purposes, are mandatorily presented before the Consejo Rector, in order to request their review and approval; in addition to the above, they must install at least four agencies or branches dedicated to providing basic banking services, both passive and active types, distributed in the Chorotega, Pacífico Central, Brunca, Huetar Atlántico, and Huetar Norte regions. If the financial entity technically justifies the impossibility of establishing the agencies or branches in the regions, the Consejo Rector may authorize their transfer to clause ii), provided they maintain a balance equivalent to at least twelve percent (12%), once the corresponding reserve requirement is deducted, of their total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less, in local and foreign currency, in credits directed to programs approved by the Consejo Rector; additionally, they must offer the products of the Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo in all their branches and seek digital mechanisms or other methods for access to resources for the beneficiaries of Law 8634, Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, in the different regions of the country. The period the entity has to comply with at least the aforementioned twelve percent (12%) shall be established by the Consejo Rector, taking as a reference what is stipulated below for these effects.
(Thus amended the preceding clause by Article 19 of the law Dinamización del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, N° 10522 of November 5, 2024) These resources shall be placed with end users at the following rates:
- a)For resources in colones: at the passive base rate calculated by the Banco Central de Costa Rica, adjustable and revisable quarterly. This rate shall be four percent (4%) when said calculation results in a figure lower than this percentage.
For resources in foreign currency: it shall be the average net interest rate for six-month term fundraising of private banks calculated by the Banco Central de Costa Rica, adjustable and revisable quarterly. This rate shall be three percent (3%) if said calculation results in a figure lower than this percentage.
In the event that private banks channel the resources through second-tier banking, the Consejo Rector shall establish a preferential rate.
So that final credit subjects have exchange rate protection, the private banks that place these resources may channel them directly in dollars. However, if there is not enough demand to place all the resources in foreign currency, the private bank may lend the equivalent in national currency.
The channeling of the resources established in this clause ii) may be carried out, totally or partially, through placements to associations, cooperatives, microfinance institutions, foundations, non-governmental organizations, producer organizations, or other entities, regardless of their legal or organizational structure, provided the private bank has programs approved by the Consejo Rector.
Furthermore, these resources may be allocated to the beneficiaries established by Law N.° 8634, Ley del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, and its amendments, as established in this clause, through direct credit, leasing, factoring, participation and performance guarantees, letters of credit, and other credit instruments, by the entities that comprise the financial groups to which the banks intermediating these resources belong.
If a private bank decides to change from the option described in clause i) to that of clause ii), it must request it from the Consejo Rector and Sugef, at least six months in advance of the date of initiating the transfer. In accordance with the private bank's request, the reimbursement of resources shall be carried out according to a repayment plan that the administering bank or banks determine as adequate for the requested period; this shall be made known in the ordinary session of the Consejo Rector for its approval and determination of the maximum period the money repayment period will last. The private bank may return from clause ii) to clause i), provided it has completed a minimum permanence period in clause ii) of five years and shall inform the Consejo Rector at least three months in advance, but as of the transfer date, it must comply with all the provisions of clause i).
For those private banks that decide to move from clause i) to clause ii), there shall be a graduality such that by the end of the first year after the transfer to clause ii) has been approved, they must have placed at least three percent (3%) of the total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less maintained on average during that year, deducting the minimum legal reserve requirement. By the end of the second year after the transfer to clause ii) has been approved, six percent (6%) of the total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less maintained on average during said second year, and, for the third year, ten percent (10%) of the total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less maintained on average during said year, deducting the minimum legal reserve requirement. As of the fourth year, the private bank that has complied with this graduality shall maintain placed a minimum of ten percent (10%) of the average total fundraising with terms of thirty days or less for each year, deducting the minimum legal reserve requirement, in the different programs approved by the Consejo Rector.
The Governing Council of the Development Banking System (Consejo Rector del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo) shall have the authority to extend the time periods for meeting the placement percentages mentioned in the preceding paragraph, provided they do not exceed five years from the date the Governing Council approved the transfer to subsection ii), taking into account only special situations that prevented placement within the stipulated period, which must be duly justified by the private banking entity. All other conditions shall remain as stated in this article. In the process of transition from subsection i) to subsection ii), the private bank must transfer to the Development Credit Fund (Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo), under the conditions established in subsection i), the difference of ten percent (10%), as established in the two preceding paragraphs, and the amount that the private bank has managed to place. Once it has achieved placement of the ten percent (10%) stipulated in subsection ii), it shall not place more resources under subsection i).
If the private bank transfers to subsection ii) and fails to meet the minimum balances required in loans to final beneficiaries, as authorized by the Governing Council, whether directly or through its second-tier banking operators, a penalty shall be applied equivalent to the basic passive rate (tasa básica pasiva) in colones, calculated by the Central Bank, plus four percentage points (TBP+4 p.p.), applied proportionally to the value resulting from the difference between the authorized required amount and the balance of this portfolio during the days the non-compliance occurred, whether in national or foreign currency. The amount of this fine shall be deposited by the private bank in the National Development Fund (Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo). Excluded from this penalty are shortfalls classified as supervening, that is, due to causes beyond the control of the entities, which shall be evaluated by Sugef during the penalty procedure, without prejudice to the fact that from the moment the fact is detected, the entity is obligated to present to the Governing Council of the Development Banking System, for its approval, a regularization plan so that the missing amounts are deposited in the Development Credit Fund, in order to permanently comply with the ten percent (10%) established in this subsection ii).
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by the sole article of the Law to change the reference to the LIBOR rate in regulations related to the Development Banking System, No. 10112 of January 28, 2022) Should private banks, in using the resources of subsection ii) of this article, fail to comply with the approved plans or if it is determined that the beneficiaries, through fraud or gross negligence, are not those established by Law No. 8634 and its amendments, the Governing Council of the Development Banking System shall inform Sugef thereof, for purposes of conducting the respective administrative proceeding, based on which a fine shall be established, within the range of zero point five percent (0.5%) to one percent (1%) of its equity (patrimonio), depending on the severity of the infraction. The amount of this fine shall be deposited in the National Development Fund (Fonade)(*). To establish this fine, Sugef shall adhere to the provisions of Book Two of Law No. 6227, General Law of Public Administration (Ley General de la Administración Pública).
(*) (Thus amended its name by Article 4, subsection c) of Law No. 9654 of February 14, 2019. Previously it stated: "National Development Trust (Fideicomiso Nacional para el Desarrollo, Finade)") The Central Bank may include, for the purposes of the requirements mentioned in subsections i) and ii) above, any other liability (pasivo) accounts of financial entities that, in its judgment, are similar to obligations constituted as deposits (captaciones) with a term of thirty days or less. For credit operations derived from the resources of subsections i) and ii) of this article, projects that demonstrate repayment capacity shall be eligible, as established in the credit and debtor classification regulations approved by Conassif.
The Governing Council of the Development Banking System shall create policies to promote the use of resources from the two preceding subsections for specific beneficiary subjects or priority sectors, in accordance with public policies and the national development plan.
With respect to subsection i), of the total amount of credit placed with beneficiary subjects, eleven percent (11%) must be allocated to the beneficiaries of subsection f) of Article 6 of Law 8634. This credit granting must grow by at least five percent (5%) in real terms annually until reaching at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the amount placed.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by Article 19 of the Law for Dynamization of the Development Banking System (Ley Dinamización del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo), No. 10522 of November 5, 2024) In the case of subsection ii), of the total amount of resources established in the placement plans that the Governing Council approves, to gradually achieve full compliance with subsection ii), eleven percent (11%) must be allocated to the beneficiaries of subsection f) of Article 6 of Law 8634. This credit granting must grow by at least five percent (5%) in real terms annually until reaching at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the total amount of the Fund.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by Article 19 of the Law for Dynamization of the Development Banking System, No. 10522 of November 5, 2024) By way of exception, the Governing Council may suspend the application of these minimum percentages, established in the two preceding paragraphs, when it determines that there is no demand from the beneficiaries of those resources, in which case the resources must be assigned to the other subjects indicated in Law 8634, Development Banking System.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by Article 19 of the Law for Dynamization of the Development Banking System, No. 10522 of November 5, 2024) (Thus amended by Article 52, subsection a) of the Law of the Development Banking System, No. 8634 of April 23, 2008. Through Law No. 9274 of November 12, 2014, the affecting Law No. 8634 was comprehensively amended, so the modification to this numeral was placed in Article 53. Likewise, the text shown in this numeral is that comprehensively affected by No. 9274)