In the case of private banks, they may only capture deposits in checking accounts if they meet any of the following requirements:
- i)Permanently maintain a loan balance in the Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo equivalent to seventeen percent (17%) of their total captures with terms of thirty days or less, both in national and foreign currency, after deducting the corresponding reserve requirement. In the event that all deposits are made in national currency, the percentage shall be only fifteen percent (15%) on the same calculation basis. The resources received by the administering state bank(s) from private entities are exempt from the minimum legal reserve requirement, for the operations carried out by the administering bank(s), as established in Article 36 of Law No. 8634, Ley del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, and its amendments.
To calculate the percentages indicated above, the following elements shall be considered:
- 1)It shall be performed based on the average of the captures of the last ninety business days, at the end of the day, with a lag of five business days.
- 2)Furthermore, during each and every day of the control period for compliance with the provisions of this article, the day's balance of the loans in the Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo may not be less than ninety-five percent (95%) of the average indicated in the previous point.
The entities administering these resources, according to Article 36 of Law 8634, shall recognize to the private banks, for the transferred resources, an interest rate of fifty percent (50%) of the basic passive rate for deposits in national currency and fifty percent (50%) of the three-month average of the SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) rate, calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for the resources transferred in foreign currency.
(Thus the preceding paragraph was amended by the sole article of the Law to change the reference to the LIBOR rate in regulations related to the Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, No. 10112 of January 28, 2022)
These resources may be invested as established in Article 36 of Law No. 8634, Ley del Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, and its amendments.
If the bank opts for subsection i) and does not comply with what is established in this subsection, a penalty equivalent to the basic passive rate in colones, calculated by the Banco Central, plus four percentage points (TBP+4 p.p.), applicable to the amount not deposited by the banking entity, shall be applied. The amount of this fine shall be deposited in the Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo (Fonade) (*) (*) (Thus its denomination was modified by Article 4, subsection c) of Law No. 9654 of February 14, 2019. Previously it stated: "Fideicomiso Nacional para el Desarrollo (Finade)") ii) Alternatively, maintain a balance equivalent to at least ten percent (10%), after deducting the corresponding reserve requirement, of their total captures with terms of thirty days or less, in local and foreign currency, in credits directed to programs that, for these purposes, are obligatorily submitted to the Governing Council to request their review and approval; additionally, they must install at least four agencies or branches dedicated to providing basic banking services, both passive and active, distributed in the Chorotega, Pacífico Central, Brunca, Huetar Atlántico, and Huetar Norte regions.
If the financial entity technically justifies the impossibility of establishing the agencies or branches in the regions, the Governing Council may authorize its transfer to subsection ii), provided it maintains an equivalent balance of at least twelve percent (12%), after deducting the corresponding reserve requirement, of their total captures with terms of thirty days or less, in local and foreign currency, in credits directed to programs approved by the Governing Council; additionally, they must offer the products of the Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo in all their branches and seek digital mechanisms or other methods for the access of resources to beneficiaries of Law 8634, Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, of April 23, 2008, in the different regions of the country.
The deadline for the entity to comply with at least the aforementioned twelve percent (12%) shall be established by the Governing Council, taking as a reference what is stipulated below for these effects.
(Thus the preceding subsection was amended by Article 19 of the Law for the Dynamization of the Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, No. 10522 of November 5, 2024)
These resources shall be placed with final users at the following rates:
- a)For resources in colones: at the basic passive rate calculated by the Banco Central de Costa Rica, adjustable and revisable quarterly. This rate shall be four percent (4%) when said calculation yields a result lower than this percentage.
For resources in foreign currency: it shall be the net average interest rate on six-month private bank captures, calculated by the Banco Central de Costa Rica, adjustable and revisable quarterly. This rate shall be three percent (3%), if said calculation yields a result lower than this percentage.
In the event that private banks channel resources through second-tier banking, the Governing Council shall establish a preferential rate.
So that final credit subjects have exchange rate protection, private banks placing these resources may channel them directly in dollars. However, if there is insufficient demand to place all the resources in foreign currency, the private bank may lend the equivalent in national currency.
The channeling of the resources established in this subsection ii) may be carried out, totally or partially, through placements with associations, cooperatives, microfinance institutions, foundations, non-governmental organizations, producer organizations, or other entities, regardless of their legal or organizational structure, provided the private bank has programs approved by the Governing Council.
Furthermore, these resources may be allocated to the beneficiaries established by Law No. 8634, Law of the Development Banking System, of April 23, 2008, and its amendments, as provided in this subsection, through direct credit, leasing, factoring, participation and performance guarantees, letters of credit, and other credit instruments, by the entities that make up the financial groups to which the banks that intermediate these resources belong.
If a private bank decides to switch from the option described in subsection i) to that of subsection ii), it must request it from the Governing Council (Consejo Rector) and Sugef, at least six months in advance of the date of initiating the transfer. In accordance with the private bank's request, the reimbursement of resources shall be made according to a repayment plan that the managing bank or banks determine to be adequate for the requested period; this shall be made known in the ordinary session of the Governing Council for its approval and determination of the maximum term that the money repayment period will last. The private bank may switch back from subsection ii) to i), provided it has completed a minimum permanence period in subsection ii) of five years and shall inform the Governing Council at least three months in advance, but from the date of the transfer it must comply with everything stipulated in subsection i).
For those private banks that decide to move from subsection i) to subsection ii), there shall be a gradual implementation such that by the end of the first year after their transfer to subsection ii) has been approved, they must have placed at least three percent (3%) of total deposits with terms of thirty days or less held on average during that year, after deducting the minimum legal reserve requirement (encaje mínimo legal). By the end of the second year after their transfer to subsection ii) has been approved, a six percent (6%) of total deposits with terms of thirty days or less held on average during said second year, and for the third year, ten percent (10%) of total deposits with terms of thirty days or less held on average during that year, after deducting the minimum legal reserve requirement. Starting from the fourth year, the private bank that has complied with this gradual schedule shall keep placed a minimum of ten percent (10%) of the average total deposits with terms of thirty days or less of each year, after deducting the minimum legal reserve requirement, in the different programs approved by the Governing Council.
The Governing Council (Consejo Rector) of the Development Banking System (Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo) shall have the authority to extend the deadlines for compliance with the placement percentages mentioned in the preceding paragraph, provided they do not exceed five years from the date the Governing Council approved the transfer to subsection ii), only taking into account special situations that prevented placement within the stipulated period, which must be duly justified by the private banking entity. The other conditions shall remain as stated in this article. In the transition process from subsection i) to subsection ii), the private bank must transfer to the Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo, under the conditions established in subsection i), the difference between the ten percent (10%), as established in the two preceding paragraphs, and the amount the private bank has managed to place. Once it has achieved the placement of the ten percent (10%) stipulated in subsection ii), it shall no longer have to place resources under subsection i).
If the private bank transfers to subsection ii) and does not comply with the minimum balances required in loans to final beneficiaries, as authorized by the Governing Council, either directly or through its second-tier banking operators, it shall be subject to a penalty equivalent to the basic passive rate in colones, calculated by the Central Bank, plus four percentage points (TBP+4 p.p.), applied proportionally to the value resulting from the difference between the required authorized amount and the balance of this portfolio during the days the non-compliance occurred, whether in national or foreign currency. The amount of this fine shall be deposited by the private bank into the Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo. Excluded from this penalty are shortfalls classified as supervening, that is, due to causes beyond the entities' control, which shall be assessed by Sugef during the sanctioning procedure, without prejudice to the obligation of the entity, from the moment the fact is detected, to submit for approval to the Governing Council of the Development Banking System a regularization plan so that the missing amounts are deposited into the Fondo de Crédito para el Desarrollo, in order to permanently comply with the ten percent (10%) established in this subsection ii).
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by the sole article of Law to change the reference to the libor rate in regulations related to the Development Banking System, No. 10112 of January 28, 2022)
In the event that private banks, in the use of the resources of subsection ii) of this article, fail to comply with approved plans or if it is determined that the beneficiaries, due to fraud or gross negligence, are not those established by Law No. 8634, and its amendments, the Governing Council of the Development Banking System shall inform Sugef thereof, so that the respective administrative procedure is carried out, based on which a fine shall be established, within the range of zero point five percent (0.5%) to one percent (1%) of their equity, depending on the severity of the fault. The amount of this fine shall be deposited in the Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo (Fonade)(*). For the establishment of this fine, Sugef shall be governed by the provisions of the second book of Law No. 6227, General Law of Public Administration.
(*) (Thus amended its denomination by article 4 subsection c) of Law No. 9654 of February 14, 2019. Previously it stated: "Fideicomiso Nacional para el Desarrollo (Finade)") The Central Bank may include, for the purposes of the requirements mentioned in subsections i) and ii) above, any other liability accounts of financial entities that, in its judgment, are similar to the obligations constituted as deposits with terms of thirty days or less. For credit operations derived from the resources of subsections i) and ii) of this article, projects that demonstrate repayment capacity shall be eligible, as established in the credit and debtor rating regulations approved by Conassif.
The Governing Council of the Development Banking System shall create policies to promote the use of resources from the two previous subsections for specific beneficiary subjects or priority sectors, in accordance with public policies and the national development plan.
With respect to subsection i), of the total amount of credit placed to beneficiary subjects, eleven percent (11%) must be allocated to the beneficiaries of subsection f) of Article 6 of Law 8634. This credit granting must grow by at least a real five percent (5%) annually until it reaches at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the amount placed.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by Article 19 of the Law for the Revitalization of the Development Banking System, No. 10522 of November 5, 2024)
In the case of subsection ii), of the total amount of resources established in the placement plans approved by the Governing Council, to gradually reach full compliance with subsection ii), eleven percent (11%) must be allocated to the beneficiaries of subsection f) of Article 6 of Law 8634. This credit granting must grow by at least a real five percent (5%) annually until it reaches at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the total amount of the Fund.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by Article 19 of the Law for the Revitalization of the Development Banking System, No. 10522 of November 5, 2024)
By exception, the Governing Council may suspend the application of these minimum percentages, established in the two preceding paragraphs, when it determines that there is no demand from the beneficiaries of those resources, in which case the resources must be allocated to the other subjects indicated in Law 8634, Development Banking System.
(Thus amended the preceding paragraph by Article 19 of the Law for the Revitalization of the Development Banking System, No. 10522 of November 5, 2024)
(Thus amended by Article 52 subsection a) of the Law of the Development Banking System, No. 8634 of April 23, 2008. Through Law No. 9274 of November 12, 2014, the affecting law No. 8634 was integrally amended, therefore the modification to this numeral was placed in Article 53. Likewise, the text shown in this numeral is that integrally affected by Law No. 9274)