GLOSSARY Attendant (Acompañante): This is a person residing in the communities of the buffer zone (zona de amortiguamiento, ZA) of La Amistad International Park (PILA), specifically from the districts of Pittier, Biolley, Potrero Grande, and Brunca; and who is an active member of organized community groups and recognized through an official list duly submitted to the PILA Administration. The attendant is a natural person in the process of obtaining accreditation as a tourist guide from the Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) and who is knowledgeable about the PILA, its flora, and fauna; therefore, providing orientation, information, and assistance services to tourists with prior coordination and registration with the PILA Administration. Every attendant must comply with the terms established in the use permits granted for the provision of ecotourism services.
Administration (Administración): Central management unit for the protected area (La Amistad International Park), represented by the officials to whom the functions of Administration for the Protected Wilderness Area have been assigned in both the Caribbean sector and the Pacific sector of the PILA. The Administrative Office of the PILA is located at the Altamira Biological Station in Biolley, Buenos Aires de Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
Wildlife (Animales silvestres): These are animals, excluding invasive introduced species, that inhabit natural sites, reproduce in a natural way, and are not susceptible to domestication by humans. The wildlife of the PILA does not include human pets, domestic animals, exotic, or invasive species.
Domestic animals (Animales domésticos): Also known as "pets," these are species that live with humans, who derive some benefit from them; examples include dogs, horses, cows, pigs, cats, and poultry.
Protected Wilderness Area (Área Silvestre Protegida): Geographically defined and physically delimited area that is designated or regulated and managed to achieve conservation objectives, under a specific management category: National Park: in which only three uses of biodiversity are permitted: ecotourism, training, and research and monitoring.
Buffer Zone (Área o Zona de amortiguamiento, ZA): This corresponds to a geographical area officially delimited in the General Management Plan of the PILA and corresponds to the zone immediately surrounding this Protected Wilderness Area, where the developed planning can indirectly influence the reduction of pressure on the focal elements of management, the natural resources, and the biodiversity of the Protected Area. In the ZA, there is a socio-environmental and productive dynamic, in which actions must be promoted for the protection of ecosystems not included within the protected area or special biodiversity elements. Furthermore, the land uses developing on the periphery, which somehow impact the ecological sustainability of the PILA, must be highlighted. In this zone, adequate conditions of human well-being are expected, so that this stability facilitates good relations for management, rational use, and conservation of the protected natural resources.
The Buffer Zone of the PILA in the Caribbean sector encompasses the Río Banano Protective Zone and the Bribrí de Talamanca, Cabécar de Talamanca, Cabécar de Telire, Cabécar de Tayní, Cabécar de Chirripó, and Cabécar de Bajo Chirripó Indigenous Territories. In the Pacific sector, it is defined from the Las Tablas Protective Zone, following the course of the Cotón River to its confluence with the Cabagra River, continuing along its channel to the boundaries of the Bribrí de Cabagra, Bribrí de Salitre, and Cabécar de Ujarrás indigenous territories, and continuing westward along that line to the Santamaría Ridge, including the communities of Socorro de Brunka, Volcán, Santiago de San Pedro, to the confluence with the Convento River; continuing along the channel to the boundary with Chirripó National Park.
Training (Capacitación): Organized activity planned with the Administration aimed at improving the knowledge and skills of SINAC officials, the organized community groups located in the buffer zone of the PILA, and civil society in general, with prior coordination with the PILA Administration, on specific topics related to the environment, conservation, and biodiversity.
Neighboring communities (Comunidades vecinas): Communities located in the immediate surroundings of the PILA, within the range of the Buffer Zone of this Protected Wilderness Area.
Customary Law (Derecho Consuetudinario): A set of customs, practices, and beliefs that indigenous territories accept as mandatory norms of conduct and that form an intrinsic part of their social and economic systems and their way of life.
Ecotourism (Ecoturismo): A set of actions oriented towards maintaining a natural environment, with emphasis on its biological, physical, and cultural features; through a controlled process that guarantees minimal environmental impact, is ecologically sustainable; involves low-impact tourism activities; is locally beneficial and satisfactory for visitors. Ecotourism activities may only be developed on the official trails established in the General Management Plan of the PILA, complying with the reservation resolutions that regulate tourist activity and prior payment (into the official SINAC bank accounts) of the rates established for admission, camping, filming, and other services (Decreto Ejecutivo 35868-MINAET), as well as the respective registration with the PILA Administration.
Visitor flow or Carrying Capacity (Flujo de visitantes o Capacidad de carga): Technical tool through which the maximum number of people who can enter and remain at one time in each area or designated-use site is determined, without causing impacts to the wildlife species and natural ecosystems of the PILA.
Tourist Guide (Guía Turístico): This is a person who is an active member of the organized community groups to which SINAC-ACLA-P has granted current use permits for the development of ecotourism activities, such as guiding services. Every tourist guide must be duly accredited by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute, which authorizes them to provide orientation, information, and assistance services to tourists, with prior coordination and registration with the PILA Administration.
Research and monitoring (Investigación y monitoreo): Any action carried out with the proper permits issued by SINAC, ACLA-P, and/or the National Commission for Biodiversity Management (CONAGEBIO), which, whether systematized or not and preferably with statistical validity, generates biological, physical, geological, chemical, social, or human information about the environment, its ecosystems, and organisms, facilitating their conservation, management, and rational use by human beings. Monitoring is a systematic and ongoing process of data collection and analysis to gather information on fluctuations within an ecosystem due to natural or human-induced pressures. Monitoring is fundamental to generating information that aids decision-making and policy creation based on rigorous data and scientific facts.
Researcher (Investigador): A person interested in learning in greater detail about what occurs in nature, society, institutions, and any other subject susceptible to investigation within the Protected Wilderness Area (ASP). This person complies in a timely manner with all the requirements established by SINAC/ACLA-P and CONAGEBIO, and has registered in advance and coordinated their entry, stay, and activities to be developed with the PILA Administration.
Search and rescue efforts (Labores de rescate y búsqueda): An operation carried out by an emergency service, civil or military, to find someone believed to be lost, sick, or injured in remote or poorly accessible areas. These efforts are carried out in accordance with the PILA emergency plan and the immediate response provided by Park personnel together with the active members of the use permits.
Active management (Manejo activo): This consists of intervention in the protected resource for the purpose of achieving a given management objective, seeking its restoration and long-term conservation. This type of management has very clear objectives, and these are what guide the intervention decisions. Active management requires decision-making based on technical-scientific studies, through which its effectiveness has been demonstrated.
Pets (Mascotas): These are species of mammals, birds, or other living beings that are domestic species (such as the various breeds of dogs, cats, horses, cattle, goats, and poultry, canaries, and lovebirds), which have been domesticated and live with humans, who derive some benefit from them. Pets or domestic animals ARE NOT PART of the wildlife of the PILA, as it is a "fauna specimen that has been subjected to a process of pet-ification and domestication by humans." Executive Decree No. 40548 - MINAE.
Tourism operators (Operadores de turismo): Natural or legal persons responsible for organizing, promoting, and marketing the different tourist attractions of the area.
Organisms (Organismos): The set of wild flora and fauna that lives in natural conditions, temporarily or permanently, within the site.
Use permit (Permiso de uso): A unilateral legal act, issued by the Administration in the exercise of discretionary powers. Through it, on a temporary basis, the use of a property belonging to the State is authorized. The use permit is "precarious"; it can be revoked for reasons of opportunity or convenience without liability for the Administration, provided it is not done in a sudden or arbitrary manner (General Public Administration Act, section 154; Constitutional Chamber, Rulings Nos. 2306-91, 5976-93, 6434-93, 422-96, and 6079-94; opinions of the PGR C-072-97, C-139-97, C-014-2000, and C-083-2000).
General Management Plan (Plan General de Manejo): A planning instrument that guides the management of a Protected Wilderness Area (ASP) towards the fulfillment of its long-term conservation objectives. It is based on medium-term strategic action lines and management objectives for the natural and cultural elements included within the area, as well as on the relationship of the latter with their socio-environmental surroundings. It is the basis for the development of other planning and regulatory instruments for the ASP.
Prevention, protection, and control (Prevención, protección y control): Prevention is the set of actions, measures, or provisions that are carried out in the ASP in advance to avoid the incidence of crimes and the presence of threats to the EFM. Its main objective is to prevent the crime or infraction from being committed and thus avoid damage to the ecosystems of the ASP. Under this concept, some related tasks are: signage, demarcation (delimitación), and posting of signs in the ASP; awareness-raising, dissemination, and communication with community stakeholders, institutions, and decision-makers; institutional presence through fixed posts and periodic patrols. Protection: these are the actions carried out to secure the resources of the ASP. Some protection actions include: ordering the space and allowing certain uses of natural resources, as well as conserving the State's Natural, Cultural, and Historical Heritage. Control: these are the inspection and intervention tasks carried out, under the domain or competence of the State, to regulate activities in an ASP. Control actions seek to ensure compliance with existing regulations and rules related to the ASP (laws and regulations).
Collection (Recolecta): Legal extraction, temporary or permanent, of products or by-products of flora or fauna for research purposes, for which the respective permits have been processed before SINAC/ACLA-P and CONAGEBIO, and sufficiently in advance (minimum 10 business days) coordinated and informed to the PILA Administration.
Public Use Regulations (Reglamento de Uso Público): A planning tool that regulates the permitted and non-permitted activities that visitors (tourists, volunteers, researchers) can carry out within La Amistad International Park, according to the zoning established in its General Management Plan.
Resident (Residente): Costa Rican (by birth or naturalization) or foreigner with permanent or temporary residency card.
Route (Ruta): A way, path, or trail that is used to transit within the PILA or to connect places within or in areas surrounding said Protected Wilderness Area.
Official trails (Senderos oficiales): Existing trails within the territory of the PILA, which are described in the Zoning of the General Management Plan of the PILA and are georeferenced, and which have some type of vertical demarcation (signs, flagging tape) or horizontal demarcation (trail tread).
Customary Use (Uso Consuetudinario): This constitutes a right and a specific manifestation of the political and social autonomy of indigenous peoples to resolve conflicts among their members according to their customs and traditions. These are those activities or customs that indigenous people have carried out for many years and that are protected under International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples.
Visitors (Visitantes): Tourists interested in getting to know, enjoying recreation, and appreciating the natural beauties offered by the PILA. Scientific researchers with their due permit issued by SINAC or CONAGEBIO are also considered visitors, as well as people carrying out volunteer activities duly coordinated with the PILA Administration.
Volunteering (Voluntariado): Refers to natural persons who voluntarily and without financial compensation collaborate with SINAC, supporting the actions developed by ACLA-P personnel, both in the PILA and in the SINAC administrative offices.
Public use zone (Zona de uso público): An area designated for the stay of visitors according to the parameters defined in the zoning of the General Management Plan (PGM) of the PILA.
Zoning (Zonificación): Spatial organization and distribution of the territory based on the natural and cultural values present in it, based on the capacity of that territory to support different uses, activities, and desired conditions, but fundamentally based on the scope of the conservation objectives of the PILA, the objectives established in the PGM, and those expected to be fulfilled with the proposed zoning and absolute respect for the corresponding environmental regulations.
NOMENCLATURES ASP Protected Wilderness Area ACLA-C La Amistad Caribe Conservation Area ACLA-P La Amistad Pacífico Conservation Area CSANE Contract for Non-Essential Services and Activities CONAGEBIO National Commission for Biodiversity Management EFM Focal Element of Management MINAE Ministry of Environment and Energy PILA La Amistad International Park PGM General Management Plan PNE Natural State Heritage PU Use Permit RUP Public Use Regulations SETENA National Environmental Technical Secretariat SINAC National System of Conservation Areas TI Indigenous Territory ZA Buffer Zone ZAI High Intervention Zone ZMNI Minimum or Null Intervention Zone ZBI Low Intervention Zone ZMI Medium Intervention Zone