GLOSSARY Attendant (Acompañante): Is that person who is a neighbor of the communities of the buffer zone (zona de amortiguamiento) of La Amistad International Park (PILA), specifically from the districts of Pittier, Biolley, Potrero Grande, and Brunca; and who is an active member of organized community groups and recognized through an official list duly submitted to the PILA Administration. The attendant is a natural person who is in the process of obtaining their accreditation as a tour guide (guía turístico) from the Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) and who is knowledgeable about the PILA, its flora, and fauna; therefore, they provide orientation, information, and assistance services to tourists prior to coordination and registration with the PILA Administration. Every attendant must comply with the provisions established in the use permits (permisos de uso) granted for the provision of ecotourism services.
Administration: Central management unit of the protected area (La Amistad International Park), represented by the officials to whom the functions of Administration of the Protected Wilderness Area have been assigned both in the Caribbean sector and in the Pacific sector of the PILA. The Administrative Office of the PILA is located at the Altamira Biological Station in Biolley, Buenos Aires de Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
Wild animals (Animales silvestres): Are those, excluding invasive introduced species, that inhabit natural sites, reproduce naturally, and are not susceptible to domestication by humans. The wild animals of the PILA do not include human pets, domestic animals, exotic or invasive species.
Domestic animals (Animales domésticos): Also known as "pets," are those species that coexist with humans, who obtain some benefit from them; examples include dogs, horses, cows, pigs, cats, and poultry.
Protected Wilderness Area (Área Silvestre Protegida): Geographically defined and physically delimited area that is designated or regulated and managed to achieve conservation objectives, under a specific management category: National Park: in which only three uses of biodiversity are permitted: ecotourism, training, and research and monitoring.
Buffer Area or Zone (Área o Zona de amortiguamiento, ZA): Corresponds to a geographic area officially delimited in the General Management Plan of the PILA and corresponds to the most immediate zone of this Protected Wilderness Area, in which the developed planning can indirectly influence the reduction of pressure on the focal management elements, the natural resources, and the biodiversity of the Protected Area. In the ZA, there is a socio-environmental and productive dynamic, in which actions must be promoted for the protection of ecosystems not included within the protected area or special elements of biodiversity. Additionally, the land uses developed in the periphery must be highlighted, which in some way impact the ecological sustainability of the PILA. In this zone, adequate conditions of human well-being are expected to be found, so that this stability facilitates good management relations, rational use, and conservation of the protected natural resources. The Buffer Zone of the PILA in the Caribbean sector encompasses the Río Banano Protected Zone and the Indigenous Territories Bribrí de Talamanca, Cabécar de Talamanca, Cabécar de Telire, Cabécar de Tayní, Cabécar de Chirripó, and Cabécar de Bajo Chirripó. In the Pacific sector, it is defined from the Las Tablas Protected Zone, following the course of the Cotón River to its confluence with the Cabagra River, continuing its course to the limits of the indigenous territories of Bribrí de Cabagra, Bribrí de Salitre, and Cabécar de Ujarrás, and continuing westward along that line to the Santamaría Ridge, including the communities of Socorro de Brunka, Volcán, Santiago de San Pedro, to the confluence with the Convento River; it continues over the course to the limit with Chirripó National Park.
Training (Capacitación): Activity organized and planned with the Administration aimed at improving the knowledge and skills of SINAC officials, the organized community groups located in the buffer zone of the PILA, and civil society in general, upon prior coordination with the PILA Administration, on specific topics related to the environment, conservation, and biodiversity.
Neighboring communities (Comunidades vecinas): Communities located in the immediate surroundings of the PILA, within the range of the Buffer Zone of this Protected Wilderness Area.
Customary Law (Derecho Consuetudinario): Is a set of customs, practices, and beliefs that the indigenous territories accept as mandatory rules of conduct and that form an intrinsic part of their social and economic systems and their way of life.
Ecotourism (Ecoturismo): A set of actions oriented toward maintaining a natural environment, with emphasis on its biological, physical, and cultural features; through a controlled process that guarantees the minimum environmental impact, it is ecologically sustainable; involves low-impact tourism activities; is locally beneficial and satisfactory for visitors. Ecotourism activities can only be developed on the official trails (senderos oficiales) established in the General Management Plan of the PILA, complying with the reservation resolutions that regulate tourism activity and prior payment (into the official SINAC bank accounts) of the fees established for admission, camping, filming, and other services (Executive Decree 35868-MINAET), as well as the respective registration before the PILA Administration.
Visitor flow or Carrying Capacity (Flujo de visitantes o Capacidad de carga): A technical tool through which the maximum number of people that can enter and remain for a time in each area or use site is determined, without causing an impact on the wild species and natural ecosystems of the PILA.
Tour Guide (Guía Turístico): Is that person who is an active member of organized community groups to which SINAC-ACLA-P has granted valid use permits for the development of ecotourism activities such as guiding services. Every tour guide must be duly accredited by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute, which empowers them to provide orientation, information, and assistance services to tourists, prior coordination and registration with the PILA Administration.
Research and monitoring (Investigación y monitoreo): Any action carried out with the due permits issued by SINAC, ACLA-P, and/or the National Commission for Biodiversity Management (CONAGEBIO), whether systematized or not and preferably with statistical validity, that generates biological, physical, geological, chemical, social, or human information about the environment, its ecosystems, and organisms, facilitating their conservation, management, and rational use by human beings. Monitoring is a systematic and permanent process of data collection and analysis to compile information on fluctuations within an ecosystem due to natural or human-induced pressures. Monitoring is fundamental for generating information that helps decision-making and the creation of policies based on rigorous data and scientific facts.
Researcher (Investigador): A person interested in knowing in more detail what occurs in nature, society, institutions, and any other topic susceptible to being investigated in the ASP. This person complies in a timely manner with all the requirements established by SINAC/ACLA-P and CONAGEBIO, and has registered in advance and coordinated their entry, stay, and activities to be developed with the PILA Administration.
Rescue and search operations (Labores de rescate y búsqueda): It is an operation carried out by an emergency service, civil or military, to find someone believed to be lost, sick, or injured in remote or poorly accessible areas. These operations are carried out in accordance with the PILA emergency plan and the immediate response provided by the Park personnel together with the active members of the use permits.
Active management (Manejo activo): Consists of the intervention of the protected resource for the attainment of a given management objective, in pursuit of its restoration and long-term conservation.
This type of management has very clear objectives, and these are what mark the intervention decisions. Active management requires decision-making based on technical-scientific studies, through which its effectiveness has been demonstrated.
Pets (Mascotas): Are mammal, bird, or other living being species, domestic mammal, bird, or other groups of domestic living beings (such as the various breeds of dogs, cats, horses, cattle, goats, and poultry, canaries, and budgerigars), which have been domesticated and coexist with humans, who obtain some benefit from them. Pets or domestic animals ARE NOT PART of the wildlife of the PILA, as it is a "specimen of fauna that has been subjected to a process of petification and domestication by humans." Decree No. 40548 - MINAE.
Tourism operators (Operadores de turismo): Natural or legal persons responsible for organizing, promoting, and marketing the different tourist attractions of the zone.
Organisms (Organismos): Set of wild flora and fauna that live in natural, temporary, or permanent conditions on the site.
Use permit (Permiso de uso): A unilateral legal act, dictated by the Administration in the use of discretionary powers. Through it, on a transitory basis, the use of a good belonging to the State is authorized. The use permit is "precarious," it can be revoked for reasons of opportunity or convenience without liability for the Administration, provided it is not done in an untimely or arbitrary manner (General Law of Public Administration, numeral 154; Constitutional Chamber, Rulings Nos. 2306-91, 5976-93, 6434-93, 422-96, and 6079-94; opinions of the PGR C-072-97, C-139-97, C-014-2000, and C-083-2000).
General Management Plan (Plan General de Manejo): A planning instrument that guides the management of a Protected Wilderness Area (ASP) toward the fulfillment of its long-term conservation objectives. It is based on strategic lines of action in the medium term and on management objectives for the natural and cultural elements included within the area, as well as on the relationship of the latter with their socio-environmental surroundings. It is the basis for the development of other planning instruments and regulations for the ASP.
Prevention, protection, and control (Prevención, protección y control): Prevention is the set of actions, measures, or provisions carried out in the ASP proactively to avoid the incidence of crimes and the presence of threats to the EFM. Its primary objective is to prevent the crime or infraction from being committed and thus avoid damage to the ecosystems of the ASP. Under this concept, some related tasks are: signaling, delimitation, and labeling of the ASP, awareness-raising, dissemination, and communication with community actors, institutional actors, and decision-makers, institutional presence through fixed posts and periodic patrols. Protection: are the actions carried out to secure the resources of the ASP. Some protection actions are: ordering the space and allowing some uses of natural resources, as well as conserving the Natural Heritage of the State, Cultural and Historical. Control: are the supervision and intervention tasks carried out, dominion, or competence of the State to regulate activities in an ASP; control actions seek to guarantee compliance with existing regulations and norms in relation to the ASP (laws and regulations).
Collection (Recolecta): Legal, temporary, or permanent extraction of products or by-products of flora or fauna for research purposes, for which the respective permits have been processed with SINAC/ACLA-P and CONAGEBIO, and the PILA Administration has been coordinated with and informed sufficiently in advance (minimum 10 business days).
Public Use Regulations (Reglamento de Uso Público): A planning tool that regulates the permitted and non-permitted activities that visitors (tourists, volunteers, researchers) can carry out within La Amistad International Park according to the zoning established in its General Management Plan.
Resident: Costa Rican (by birth or naturalization) or foreigner with a permanent or temporary residency ID card.
Route (Ruta): Way, road, or trail that is used to transit within the PILA or to connect places within or in areas surrounding said Protected Wilderness Area.
Official trails (Senderos oficiales): Existing trails within the territory of the PILA that are described in the Zoning of the General Management Plan of the PILA and are georeferenced, on which there is some type of vertical demarcation (signs, topographic tape) or horizontal demarcation (trail tread).
Customary Use (Uso Consuetudinario): Constitutes a right and a specific manifestation of the political and social autonomy of indigenous peoples to resolve conflicts among their members according to their customs and traditions. These are those activities or customs that indigenous people have carried out for many years and that are protected under Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
Visitors: Tourists interested in getting to know, recreating, and appreciating the natural beauties offered by the PILA. Also considered visitors are scientific researchers with their due permit issued by SINAC or CONAGEBIO, as well as people who carry out volunteer activities duly coordinated with the PILA Administration.
Volunteering: Refers to natural persons who voluntarily and without economic remuneration collaborate with SINAC, supporting the actions developed by the ACLA-P personnel, both in the PILA and in the administrative offices of SINAC.
Public use zone (Zona de uso público): Area designated for the stay of visitors in accordance with the parameters defined in the zoning of the General Management Plan (PGM) of the PILA.
Zoning (Zonificación): Spatial organization and distribution of the territory based on the natural and cultural values present in it, based on the capacity of that territory to sustain different uses, activities, and desired conditions, but fundamentally based on the scope of the conservation objectives of the PILA, the objectives established in the PGM, and those expected to be fulfilled with the proposed zoning and absolute respect for the corresponding environmental regulations.
NOMENCLATURES ASP Protected Wilderness Area (Área Silvestre Protegida) ACLA-C La Amistad Caribbean Conservation Area (Área de Conservación La Amistad Caribe) ACLA-P La Amistad Pacific Conservation Area (Área de Conservación La Amistad Pacífico) CSANE Contract for Non-Essential Services and Activities (Contrato de Servicios y Actividades no Escenciales) CONAGEBIO National Commission for Biodiversity Management (Comisión Nacional para la Gestión de la Biodiversidad) EFM Focal Management Element (Elemento Focal de Manejo) MINAE Ministry of Environment and Energy (Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía) PILA La Amistad International Park (Parque Internacional de La Amistad) PGM General Management Plan (Plan General de Manejo) PNE Natural Heritage of the State (Patrimonio Natural del Estado) PU Use Permit (Permiso de Uso) RUP Public Use Regulations (Reglamento de Uso Público) SETENA National Environmental Technical Secretariat (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental) SINAC National System of Conservation Areas (Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación) TI Indigenous Territory (Territorio Indígena) ZA Buffer Zone (Zona de Amortiguamiento) ZAI High Intervention Zone (Zona de Alta Intervención) ZMNI Minimum or Null Intervention Zone (Zona de Mínima o Nula Intervención) ZBI Low Intervention Zone (Zona de Baja Intervención) ZMI Medium Intervention Zone (Zona de Mediana Intervención)