GLOSSARY Companion (Acompañante): is that person who is an active member of the organized community groups in the buffer zone (zona de amortiguamiento) and recognized through an official list duly presented to the PNCh Administration. The companion is an individual who is in the process of obtaining their accreditation as a tourist guide from the Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) and who is knowledgeable about the PNCh, its flora, and fauna; therefore, they provide orientation, information, and assistance services to the visitor upon prior coordination and registration with the PNCh Administration. Every companion must comply with the provisions established in the use permits granted for the provision of ecotourism services.
Administration: central management unit of the protected area (Chirripó National Park), represented by the officials assigned the functions of Administration of the Protected Wilderness Area. The Administrative Office of the PNCh is located at the San Gerardo de Rivas Operational Post, Pérez Zeledón, San José, Costa Rica.
Wild animals (Animales silvestres): are those, excluding invasive introduced species, that inhabit natural sites, reproduce naturally, and are not susceptible to domestication by humans. The wild animals of Chirripó National Park do not include human pets, domestic animals, exotic species, or invasive species.
Domestic animals (Animales domésticos): Also known as "pets," are those species that coexist with humans, who derive some benefit from them; examples include dogs, horses, cows, pigs, cats, and poultry.
Buffer Zone (Área o Zona de amortiguamiento): corresponds to a geographical area officially delineated in the General Management Plan of the PNCh and corresponds to the immediate zone of this Protected Wilderness Area, where the planned development can indirectly influence the reduction of pressure on the focal management elements (elementos focales de manejo), the natural resources, and the biodiversity of the PNCh. In the ZA, there is a socio-environmental and productive dynamic, in which actions must be promoted for the protection of ecosystems not included within the protected area or special biodiversity elements. In addition, the land uses developed on the periphery, which somehow impact the ecological sustainability of the PNCh, must be emphasized. In this zone, it is expected to find adequate conditions of human well-being that facilitate good relations for the management, rational use, and conservation of the protected natural resources.
Protected Wilderness Area (Área Silvestre Protegida): a geographically defined and physically delineated area that is designated or regulated and managed to achieve conservation objectives under a specific management category: National Park: in which only three uses of biodiversity are permitted: ecotourism, training (capacitación), and research.
Training (Capacitación): an organized and planned activity with the Administration aimed at improving the knowledge and skills of SINAC officials, organized community groups located in the buffer zone of Chirripó National Park, and civil society in general, upon prior coordination with the Administration of the Protected Wilderness Area, on specific topics related to the environment, conservation, and biodiversity. Training includes all activities related to Environmental Education.
Neighboring communities (Comunidades vecinas): Communities located in the immediate surroundings of Chirripó National Park, within the range of the Buffer Zone of this Protected Wilderness Area.
Customary Law (Derecho Consuetudinario): is a set of customs, practices, and beliefs that indigenous territories accept as mandatory rules of conduct and that form an intrinsic part of their social and economic systems and their way of life.
Ecotourism (Ecoturismo): a set of actions oriented towards maintaining a natural environment, with emphasis on its biological, physical, and cultural features; through a controlled process that guarantees minimum environmental impact, it is ecologically sustainable; it involves low-impact tourist activities; it is locally beneficial and satisfactory for visitors. Ecotourism activities may only be carried out on the official trails established in the General Management Plan of Chirripó National Park, complying with the reservation resolutions that regulate tourist activity and upon prior payment (into the official SINAC bank accounts) of the established fees for admission, camping, filming, and other services (Executive Decree 35868-MINAET), as well as respective registration with the Administration of Chirripó National Park.
Visitor flow or Carrying Capacity (Flujo de visitantes o Capacidad de carga): a technical tool by which the maximum number of people who can enter and stay in each area or use site at one time is determined, without causing harm to the wild species and natural ecosystems of Chirripó National Park.
Tourist Guide (Guía Turístico): is that person who is an active member of the organized community groups to which SINAC-ACLA-P has granted current use permits for the development of ecotourism activities, such as the guiding service. Every tourist guide must be duly accredited by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute, which authorizes them to provide orientation, information, and assistance services to tourists, upon prior coordination and registration with the Administration of Chirripó National Park.
Research and monitoring (Investigación y monitoreo): any action carried out with the proper permits issued by SINAC, ACLA-P, and/or the National Commission for Biodiversity Management (CONAGEBIO), whether systematized or not and preferably with statistical validity, that generates biological, physical, geological, chemical, social, or human information about the environment, its ecosystems, and organisms, facilitating their conservation, management, and rational use by humans. Monitoring is a systematic and permanent process of data collection and analysis to gather information on fluctuations within an ecosystem due to natural or human-induced pressures.
Researcher (Investigador): a person interested in learning in greater detail what occurs in nature, society, institutions, and any other topic susceptible to investigation in the ASP. This person punctually and formally complies with all the requirements established by SINAC/ACLA-P and CONAGEBIO, and in advance has registered and coordinated their entry, stay, and activities to be developed with the Administration of Chirripó National Park.
Search and rescue efforts (Labores de rescate y búsqueda): are an operation carried out by an emergency service, civil or military, to find someone believed to be lost, sick, or injured in remote or poorly accessible areas. These efforts are carried out in accordance with the emergency plan of the PNCh and the immediate response provided by Park personnel together with the active members of the use permits.
Active management (Manejo activo): consists of intervention in the protected resource in pursuit of achieving a given management objective, seeking its restoration and long-term conservation.
This type of management has very clear objectives, and these are what guide the intervention decisions. Active management requires decision-making based on technical-scientific studies that have demonstrated its effectiveness.
Pets (Mascotas): are species of mammals, birds, or other living beings (such as the various breeds of domestic dogs, cats, horses, cattle, goats, and poultry, canaries, and lovebirds) that have been domesticated and coexist with humans, who derive some benefit from them. Pets or domestic animals ARE NOT PART of the wildlife of the PNCh, as they are a "...specimen of wild fauna that has been subjected to a process of petification and domestication by humans." Decree No. 40548 - MINAE.
Tourism operators (Operadores de turismo): Individuals or legal entities responsible for organizing, promoting, and marketing the different tourist attractions of the area.
Organisms (Organismos): the set of flora and fauna that live under natural conditions, temporarily or permanently, at the site.
General Management Plan (Plan General de Manejo): a planning instrument that allows orienting the management of the PNCh towards the fulfillment of its long-term conservation objectives. It is based on medium-term strategic lines of action and management objectives for the natural and cultural elements included within the area, as well as on the relationship of the latter with their socio-environmental surroundings. It is the basis for the development of other planning and regulatory instruments for the ASP.
Prevention, protection, and control (Prevención, protección y control): Prevention is the set of actions, measures, or provisions carried out in the ASP in advance to avoid the incidence of crimes and the presence of threats to the EFM. Its main objective is to prevent the crime or infraction from being committed and thus avoid damage to the ecosystems of the ASP. Under this concept, some related tasks are: signage, boundary marking (delimitación), and posting of the ASP, awareness-raising, dissemination, and communication with community actors, institutions, and decision-makers, institutional presence through fixed posts and periodic patrols. Protection: these are the actions carried out to secure the resources of the ASP. Some protection actions are: organizing the space and allowing some uses of natural resources, as well as conserving the Natural Heritage of the State, both Cultural and Historical. Control: these are the inspection and intervention tasks carried out, under the domain or competence of the State to regulate activities in an ASP; control actions seek to guarantee compliance with the existing regulations and norms related to the ASP (laws and regulations).
Collection (Recolecta): legal, temporary, or permanent extraction of products or by-products of flora or fauna for research purposes, for which the respective permits have been processed before SINAC/ACLA-P and CONAGEBIO, and coordination and notification have been made sufficiently in advance (at least 10 business days) to the Administration of the PNCh.
Public Use Regulations (Reglamento de Uso Público): a planning tool that regulates the permitted and prohibited activities that visitors (tourists, volunteers, researchers) may carry out within Chirripó National Park, according to the zoning established in its General Management Plan.
Resident (Residente): a Costa Rican (by birth or naturalization) or a foreign national with a permanent or temporary residency card.
Route (Ruta): a way, road, or trail that is used to travel within the PNCh or connect places within or in areas surrounding said Protected Wilderness Area.
Official trails (Senderos oficiales): trails existing within the territory of Chirripó National Park, which are described in the Zoning of the General Management Plan of said Protected Area and are georeferenced, on which there is some type of vertical marking (signs, topographic tape) or horizontal marking (trail tread).
Customary Use (Uso Consuetudinario): constitutes a right and a specific manifestation of the political and social autonomy of indigenous peoples to resolve conflicts among their members according to their customs and traditions. These are those activities or customs that indigenous people have practiced for many years and that are protected by Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the International Labour Organization.
Visitors (Visitantes): tourists interested in knowing, enjoying, and appreciating the natural beauties that Chirripó National Park offers. Scientific researchers with their proper permits issued by SINAC or CONAGEBIO are also considered visitors, as well as persons carrying out volunteer activities duly coordinated with the Administration of the PNCh and those who have entered under a resolution of exoneration and/or entry authorization issued by the Administration.
Volunteering (Voluntariado): refers to individuals who voluntarily and without financial compensation collaborate with SINAC, supporting the actions carried out by ACLA-P personnel, both in the PNCh and in the administrative offices of SINAC.
Public use zone (Zona de uso público): an area designated for the stay of visitors in accordance with the parameters defined in the zoning of Chirripó National Park.
Zoning (Zonificación): the spatial organization and distribution of the territory based on the natural and cultural values present within it, based on the capacity of that territory to sustain different uses, activities, and desired conditions; but fundamentally based on the scope of the conservation objectives of the Protected Wilderness Area, the objectives established in the General Management Plan, and those expected to be fulfilled through the proposed zoning and absolute respect for the corresponding environmental regulations.
NOMENCLATURES ASP Protected Wilderness Area (Área Silvestre Protegida) ACLA-P La Amistad Pacífico Conservation Area CSANE Contract for Non-Essential Services and Activities CONAGEBIO National Commission for Biodiversity Management EFM Focal Management Element (Elemento Focal de Manejo) MINAE Ministry of Environment and Energy PGM General Management Plan (Plan General de Manejo) PNE Natural Heritage of the State PNCh Chirripó National Park (Parque Nacional Chirripó) PU Use Permit (Permiso de Uso) SETENA National Environmental Technical Secretariat SINAC National System of Conservation Areas TI Indigenous Territory ZA Buffer Zone (Zona de Amortiguamiento) ZAI High Intervention Zone (Zona de Alta Intervención) ZMNI: Minimum or Null Intervention Zone (Zona de Mínima o Nula Intervención) ZBI Low Intervention Zone (Zona de Baja Intervención) ZMI Medium Intervention Zone (Zona de Mediana Intervención)