IV.-That in correspondence with the legal regulations cited in the preceding Consideranda, it corresponds to the National Geographic Institute to define and formalize Technical Standards for Geographic Information (NTIG) to guide officials and users of the National Geographic Institute, and in general, the public sector, private sector, individuals, and the general public, both producers, managers, and users of geographic information, to generate and exchange geographic data and information that show consistency, compatibility, interoperability, and comparison in their processes, as a result of standardization in their production and publication processes for decision-making.
V.-That within this framework of action, the SNIT stands out as a cornerstone, which has as a general objective to promote the generation of basic and thematic geographic information products, services, and information of national, regional, and local coverage, and to publish in an integrated and georeferenced manner the territorial information produced by public entities and bodies, as well as by private persons, whether individuals or legal entities, and to homologate standardized geospatial information within the framework of a common data infrastructure.
VI.-That the National Geographic Institute has defined a base group of technical standards for geographic information whose purpose is to guarantee the use and management of basic and thematic geographic information on the territory, with standards that ensure the interoperability thereof, as well as its integrated publication through the geoportal of the National Territorial Information System; these standards are defined as individual technical documents of geographic information normativity, called Technical Standards for Geographic Information of Costa Rica (NTIG_CR00_00.0000), where the two digits following CR correspond to the identifier of the standard, the next two digits to the month, and the last four digits to the year of publication of the standard).
VII.-That the Technical Standards for Geographic Information constitute the base defined by the National Geographic Institute as necessary and fundamental, required by officials and users of the National Geographic Institute, and in general, by the public sector, private sector, individuals, and the general public, for the production, management, and publication of georeferenced geographic data, that is, data that comes from or is used in geographic applications, and that represents the Earth's surface or the geometry of objects in geographic space. Therefore:
To issue the following:
TECHNICAL STANDARD FOR GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ON CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS FOR A 1:25,000 SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 1°-Nomenclature: NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map.
2°-Purpose: The purpose of this Technical Standard for Geographic Information is to establish the regulations and provisions regarding drawing, design, and publication standards, both digital and printed, for 1:25000 scale topographic sheets, which must be followed both by the institution competent in the elaboration of the 1:25,000 scale map, that is, the National Geographic Institute, as well as by any public entity, private sector, and the general public that elaborates thematic cartography at this scale.
3°-Scope of application: This Technical Standard is of mandatory observance. The application and interpretation of this Technical Standard, for administrative and technical purposes, shall correspond to the National Geographic Institute, which shall resolve cases not foreseen by the same, and shall ensure its updating as appropriate according to the needs that motivate changes in the Technical Standard.
4°-Reach: This directive constitutes a general reference framework on the minimum requirements that must be observed by this Institute, other public entities, the private sector, and the general public: producers, managers, and users of georeferenced geographic information.
5°-Technical approval: The Technical Standard for Geographic Information called NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map, is the product of work carried out by officials of various professional levels of the National Geographic Institute, and the same was known, validated, and finally technically approved at fifteen hours and thirty minutes on January 12, 2016, as recorded through official communication No. DIG-0015-2016 of that same date, signed by MSc. Max A. Lobo Hernández, Director of the National Geographic Institute.
6°-Publication: The Technical Standard for Geographic Information called NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map is available in full for public access through the official website of the National Territorial Information System (SNIT): www.snitcr.go.cr.
(Note from Sinalevi: THE present standard was extracted from the website of the National Geographic Institute, therefore it is transcribed below:)
NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map of Costa Rica January - Presentation I am pleased to present the Technical Standard for Geographic Information of Costa Rica (NTIG_CR06) called Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map of Costa Rica, version of January 2016, whose primary objective is to provide the necessary elements to symbolically represent, either in digital format or printed graphic, the distinct phenomena of the terrain's reality at scale 1:25,000, without said drawing losing its relationship with the context of the object or geographic feature it seeks to represent.
This cartographic specifications manual contains a complete guide to the geographic features and man-made infrastructure, with their corresponding definition, application rules, and symbols, which are used in the representation of all the elements discriminated in topographic cartography at a scale of 1:25,000, corresponding to the basic map of Costa Rica, in accordance with the technical standards of the Pan American Institute of History and Geography (IPGH), the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), now the National Geospatial Agency (NGA), and the cartographic license of the National Geographic Institute (IGN).
This Cartographic Specifications Manual for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map has its genesis in the exercise of fulfilling the legal competencies of the National Geographic Institute in matters of normalization, generation, and standardization of geospatial information. This first version is a tool so that the different institutions producing geospatial information, as well as the direct users thereof, have a clearer and more precise idea in relation to the symbolization used, in accordance with the international standards employed in the symbolic representation of the different geographic objects symbolized at a 1:25,000 scale.
Furthermore, the definition and dissemination of this document is in accordance with the guidelines established in decree No. 37773-JP-H-MINAE-MICITT (La Gaceta No. 134 of July 12, 2013), through which the National Territorial Information System (SNIT) is officially created as an instrument for the production, publication, regulation, and standardization of geospatial information in our country. Through the SNIT, the IGN is promoting the generation of products, services, and georeferenced geographic information of national, regional, and local coverage, and the publication in an integrated and georeferenced manner of territorial information produced by public entities and bodies, as well as by individuals or legal entities, and the homologation of standardized geospatial information within the framework of a common spatial data infrastructure.
The SNIT is a very important step in the process of consolidating the Spatial Data Infrastructure of Costa Rica (IDECORI), which is defined as the set of policies, organizations, standards, and technologies that work jointly to produce, share, and use the geographic information necessary to support the country's development in various areas.
M.Sc. Max A. Lobo Hernández Director National Geographic Institute National Registry Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................... .............................................. 1 2. Background .................................................................................... ............................................. 1 3. General provisions ......................................................................... ........................................ 2 3.1. Nomenclature and name of the Technical Standard ....................................................................... 2 3.2. Purpose ........................................................................................ ............................................ 2 3.3. Scope of application........................................................................... ................................... 3 3.4. Reach ....................................................................................... ........................................... 3 3.5. Technical approval and formalization ....................................................................................... 3 3.6. Obligatoriness ................................................................................ ........................................ 3 3.7. Effectiveness....................................................................................... .......................................... 4 4. Cartographic specifications manual ..................................................................................... 4 5. Final considerations ......................................................................... ...................................... 36 6. Bibliography .................................................................................... ............................................. 37 1. Introduction Digital or printed cartographic production depends on the establishment of clear and precise specifications on how the different geographic features and objects on the terrain should be represented. The symbology must reflect to scale the reality on the terrain in a manner that is easy to understand, read, and handle by the end user, regardless of their cultural origin or language.
This document comes to solve the need for a detailed manual about the technical specifications used in cartographic projects at a scale of 1:25,000, given that previously there were very extensive manuals, some of them partial, in black and white, and in English, very focused on the scales 1:10,000 and 1:50,000. Initially, following the generation of digital cartography from this cartographic base, and later, to provide for the consolidation of the country's basic map at a 1:25,000 scale, the present document was finally elaborated.
This cartographic representation manual responds to and collects, as previously mentioned, widely disseminated and applied standards and norms at an international level, which reflect the needs of cartographic representation and the correct interpretation through symbolisms of the natural and artificial features present in the country's geography. However, this manual must reflect the change of times and the geographic landscape; in no way does it intend to be static and immovable, that is, in the future, objects that merit their representation may be added, or on the contrary, others may be eliminated.
The use of standards has the objective of achieving a high degree of interoperability between different systems and organizations, with the ultimate goal of making information compatible, in such a way that it can be shared, saving efforts and resources.
2. Background This technical manual of cartographic and topographic conventions is the result of the work developed over several years internally at the IGN, which also collects all the experience in the exercise of the elaboration and publication of topographic and thematic maps at different scales. The symbology presented gathers together and updates much of what is contained in different standards, such as, for example, the "Technical Manual of Topographic Conventions" published by the Pan American Institute of Geography and History and prepared by the Geographic Institute "Agustin Codazzi" of Colombia in its second edition. Furthermore, it takes into account some elements of cartographic representation from the "Specifications for the production of topographic maps of foreign territories at a Scale of 1:50,000" prepared by the DMA.
Both manuals converge on many of the symbols used; in others, they differ in terms of form. However, the cartographic specifications presented in this document gather the best of both and add the cartographic license deposited with the National Geographic Institute regarding the choice of the type of symbol or abstract representation, which will serve to personalize all those new objects, mainly in terms of man-made infrastructure that did not exist in the past, such as, for example, towers for cellular antennas or wind turbines.
The new requirements within the institution to develop basic and official cartography at a scale of 1:25,000 have made necessary the creation of a document of cartographic specifications that gathers and summarizes the symbolic representation of the most important geographic objects or elements to highlight at this working scale. This contemplates, among other things, the definition of shapes, sizes, and colors (in RGB composition that is indifferent to the color gamut managed by different software), so that both the National Geographic Institute and other governmental and private institutions are sufficiently clear on how the design of symbols, lines, and patterns for objects with point, line, and polygon geometry, patterns, etc., must be carried out.
On the other hand, it precisely establishes the characteristics of the font type regarding size, color, and shape that must be used in the different types of labeling, both internal and external to the effective area of the map. All texts corresponding to toponyms, hydronyms, oronyms, numerical values, and various names must conform to the standard indicated by this standard.
3. General provisions 3.1. Nomenclature and name of the Technical Standard NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map 3.2. Purpose The purpose of this Technical Standard is to establish the regulations and provisions regarding drawing, design, and publication standards, both digital and printed, for 1:25000 scale topographic sheets, which must be followed both by the institution competent in the elaboration of the 1:25,000 scale map, that is, the National Geographic Institute, as well as by any public entity, private sector, and the general public that elaborates thematic cartography at this scale.
3.3. Scope of application This Technical Standard is of mandatory observance. The application and interpretation of this Technical Standard, for administrative and technical purposes, shall correspond to the National Geographic Institute, which shall resolve cases not foreseen by it and shall ensure its updating as appropriate.
3.4. Reach The Technical Standard NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map constitutes a general reference framework on the minimum requirements that must be observed by officials and users of the National Geographic Institute, and in general, the public sector (Branches of the Republic, autonomous institutions and semi-autonomous institutions, entities attached to autonomous institutions, state public enterprises, non-state public enterprises, non-state public entities, entities administering public funds, municipalities and attached municipal bodies), the private sector, individuals, and the general public, as producers, managers, and users, to symbolically represent, either in digital format or printed graphic, the distinct phenomena of the terrain's reality at a scale of 1:25,000, without said drawing losing its relationship with the context of the object or geographic feature it seeks to represent.
3.5. Technical approval and formalization The Technical Standard for Geographic Information called NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map was technically approved at fifteen hours and thirty minutes on January 12, 2016, as recorded through official communication No. DIG-0015-2016 of that same date, signed by MSc. Max A. Lobo Hernández, Director of the National Geographic Institute, and the same is formalized through the publication of Directive DIG-006-2016 of the National Geographic Institute of January 12, 2016, in the Official Gazette La Gaceta.
3.6. Obligatoriness The provisions contained in this Directive and respective Technical Standard are of mandatory observance.
3.7. Effectiveness This Technical Standard takes effect upon the publication of Directive DIG-006-2016 of January 12, 2016, in the Official Gazette La Gaceta.
4. Manual of cartographic specifications This cartographic specifications manual is built upon:
The different traditional themes of cartographic representation, but ordered according to the Catalog of geographic objects for fundamental data of the country.
The representation of the symbols to be used in cartography is distributed as follows:
1. Geodetic Control 2. Relief 3. Road Infrastructure and Transportation 4. Buildings and Constructions 5. Hydrographic and Marine Elements 6. Boundaries 7. Land Cover and Use 8. Others 9. Toponymy The presentation format is a table in which the first column defines the Cartographic Theme to which the objects or elements to be represented on the map correspond, the second corresponds to the object code, and the third to the specific object; these first three columns of the same are derived from the classification and coding contained in the document called Catalog of Geographic Objects for Fundamental Data of Costa Rica (NTIG_CR02_11.2015) Version 1.0 of the National Geographic Institute and its Model of Geographic Data (NTIG_CR03_11.2015), both from November 2015, based on ISO standards 19110 and 19126. The fourth column refers to the geometry of the object, the fifth to the representation color in Red - Green - Blue (RGB) format, the sixth to the type of line to be used in said symbolic representation, the seventh to the thickness of said line according to this scale of data representation, the eighth to the thickness of the border line for those cases that apply, especially in the application of patterns or solid colors of area phenomena (polygons), the ninth corresponds to the specific characteristics and appearances of the symbol to be applied according to the object, and the tenth and last column defines the object and the characteristics of the symbol's application, as well as whether or not it should be identified with its name (labeled), in addition to its graphic representation.
It is important to clarify that the line thicknesses and symbol sizes for the different elements to be mapped are presented in millimeters according to the traditional methodology for the elaboration of printed 1:25,000 scale maps. The document refers to line thicknesses according to the line width standards used by the ArcMap program, which range from 0, 0.1, 0.2, and so on, up to whole numbers of 1 or more. For their part, the text sizes indicated here correspond to a visualization scale of 1:10,000. Derived from experience in similar projects in the production of printed 1:25,000 scale maps within the Department of Geomatics of the National Geographic Institute, these line thicknesses appear adequately clear and well defined when printed.
Regarding the application of color for the different categories and geometries of the distinct objects, both for rural and urban areas; in the column corresponding to color, the composition in Red, Green, and Blue (better known by its initials RGB, Red, Green, Blue) is presented, as well as for solid or patterned backgrounds. This will facilitate its use regardless of the software employed for the map composition.
Also included is a text classification guide, both for the marginal information area and for the internal map information. The same includes font type, size, color, and halo or letter frame. Toponyms are classified according to administrative hierarchy; hydronyms according to the hierarchy of the drainage network.
Below is developed the Cartographic Specifications Manual for the topographic map at a 1:25,000 scale of Costa Rica.
Note: the text sizes, as well as the symbol sizes and the thicknesses of linear patterns, are referred to a working scale of 10,000 using ArcMap software; however, the output product must be at a scale of 1:25000.
5. Final considerations It is expected that this first version of the Cartographic Specifications for a 1:25,000 Scale Topographic Map of Costa Rica will become a tool of generalized use for those who produce and publish cartographic information at this scale in our country.
The adoption of this document requires a process of assimilation, which can be achieved through training and dissemination activities in this matter, such as manuals, workshops, courses, etc.
6. Bibliography DMA (1980), Defense Mapping Agency. Specifications for the Production of Topographic Maps of Territories at a scale of 1:50,000. First Edition. USA.
IGAC - CIAF (2005). Catalog of Geographic Objects. Version 1.3. Bogotá, Colombia.
IGN (2007). National Geographic Institute. Manual of Cartographic Specifications: Topographic and Land Use Map. Metropolitan Area Scale 1:10,000. First edition. San José, Costa Rica.
IPGH (1982). Pan American Institute of Geography and History. Technical Manual of Topographic Conventions. Second Edition. Santiago de Chile.
IPGH (1970). Pan American Institute of Geography and History. Technical Manual of Topographic Conventions. First edition, prepared by the Geographic Institute "Agustin Codazzi". Bogotá, Colombia.
7°-Obligatoriness: The provisions contained in this Technical Standard are of mandatory observance.
8°-Effectiveness: The Technical Standard for Geographic Information called NTIG_CR06_01.2016: Cartographic Specifications for a Topographic Map Scale 1:25,000 takes effect upon its publication in the Official Gazette La Gaceta.