It is the responsibility of the Costa Rican State to prevent disasters; therefore, all institutions shall be obligated to consider the concepts of risk and disaster in their programs and to include the ordinary management measures that are proper and timely to prevent their manifestation, promoting a culture that tends to reduce them.
V.—That based on the aforementioned regulations, all State institutions must have public risk prevention policies in their area of competence and must also have the necessary budget for their proper implementation, as established by articles 26 and 27 of the National Emergency and Risk Prevention Law.
VI.—That according to the dynamic-statistical models, evaluated and analyzed by specialists from the National Meteorological Institute (IMN), together with short-term observations (May-June-July quarter), a transition from a neutral phase to conditions of the phenomenon known as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENOS) would be occurring in the country, with a scenario for the coming months of warmer than normal air temperatures, with a decrease in rainfall especially for the Pacific Slope and Valle Central. (ENOS Bulletin, 66, April 2014).
VII.—That by April of this year, in ENOS Bulletin 67, the IMN has clarity regarding the development and consolidation of El Niño for Costa Rica; however, doubts still persist regarding its intensity, and an additional factor to El Niño has appeared, which in previous years has been a catalyst that contributes significantly to the accumulated rainfall deficit in the regions affected by El Niño, namely the cooling of the Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic (because it generates lower availability and transport of humidity to Costa Rica).
VIII.—That by June 2014, the consolidation of the El Niño phenomenon in Costa Rica (sea temperatures 0.5 degrees above average), together with the sustained cooling of the Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic, is not only a fact, but climatic impacts related to this condition are also already being recorded, which are listed below.
IX.—Between January and May, rainfall deficit percentages are recorded throughout the country ranging between 20% and 42%. For the month of June 2014, while the Caribbean Slope shows a relative recovery, in Guanacaste the lack of rainfall is accentuated, where meteorological stations such as Liberia and Filadelfia record 65% less rainfall than the average at the end of the month. (ENOS Bulletin, 68, June 2014, IMN) X.—On the other hand, some predictive models of the El Niño Phenomenon analyzed by the IMN indicate a increase in the warming of El Niño in the coming months (July-September), and with a maximum between October 2014 and January 2015.
XI.—This suggests that the rainfall deficit currently recorded in the Pacifico Norte (Guanacaste) will remain between 40% and 60%, further accentuating the impact that is currently occurring, and it is also possible that other regions of the country, such as the Valle Central and Pacifico Central, may begin to record significant rainfall deficits in the future.
XII.—That the existing and expected rainfall deficits will negatively affect people, property, and economic activities in the Pacifico Norte region (Guanacaste).
XIII.—That the President of the Republic holds powers of direction and coordination over the competencies of the central and decentralized Public Administration, being able to issue directives and monitor their compliance. Therefore, The following is issued:
Directive FOR THE ORDERING OF THE NECESSARY PREVENTION WORK TO ADDRESS THE RAINFALL DEFICIT SITUATION IN THE PACIFICO NORTE AND PACIFICO CENTRAL REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY