o Objectives of the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe:
- 1)To ensure the conservation and protection of a sample of the very humid tropical forest life zone unique to the Pacific Slope of Central America, allowing the normal development of the natural processes that occur within it.
- 2)To ensure the physical integrity of marine ecosystems, in a manner that guarantees the protection and conservation of the natural resources found within them.
- 3)To foster and encourage scientific research as a tool for decision-making in the Park's management.
- 4)To offer the visitor the best opportunities to learn about the biological significance of the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe, its importance, and the need to conserve it.
- 5)To encourage the inhabitants of the zone of influence to recognize and value the natural resources existing in the wetland (humedal), so that they understand, appreciate, enjoy, and actively participate in its conservation.
- 6)To promote the sustainable development of the zone of influence and contribute to its achievement, in order to thereby ensure the protection and conservation of the natural and cultural resources existing in the wetland (humedal).
o Objectives of the General Management Plan:
These correspond to the specific objectives that the General Management Plan aims to achieve, in specific themes, so that each of the programs responds to each of these stated objectives, which are the following:
. To facilitate the creation and commencement of operations of the support committees for the Management Unit (Unidad de Gestión) of the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe so that they plan, execute, oversee, and regulate the different programs and actions for an efficient fulfillment of the Management Plan.
. To support actions aimed at strengthening local productive systems, so that they respond to the interests of human well-being, contribute to the economic development of the region, and adhere to the criteria for the use and conservation of natural resources set out in the Management Plan.
. To strengthen local organizational capacities, skills, and techniques for the achievement of human and environmental well-being in the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe.
. To support processes for generating human capacities focused on improving their relationship with and perception of natural resources, as well as assuming responsibilities and good practices associated with their surrounding environment and their own well-being.
. To promote research in the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe, compile, promote, and disseminate its results in order to apply them in matters of the management of the wetland's (humedal) natural and cultural resources.
. To achieve a balance between the protection and sustainable use of the natural and cultural resources of the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe.
. To achieve budgetary strengthening and administrative management improvement, for the development and improvement of infrastructure, equipment, and optimization of human resources.
. To establish mechanisms for institutional coordination and local participation in the protection and control activities of the ASP.
. To generate mechanisms to standardize land tenure (tenencia de la tierra) and use and to delineate the boundaries of the Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe, taking into account local and regional dynamics.
o Zoning:
The zoning used in this management plan is known by the name of condition-based zoning (zonificación por condición) and differs from the traditional one (called use-based zoning [zonificación por usos]), in that the one used in this management plan zones the final conservation condition in which we expect the resource to be, once the Management Plan has concluded.
This final condition is, in turn, a limiting factor for the uses permitted within it, in terms of determining the types of use, their intensities, and the institutional controls that are compatible with or recommended for the desired condition.
Given that a zoning methodology novel for the country was used for the preparation of this management plan, an explanation of it has been included in Annex 2. To facilitate the reading and comprehension of this section and avoid confusion, it is detailed as follows:
Virgin Zone (Zona virgen) Conservation Objective: to maintain ecosystems, habitats, and natural and cultural resources, in conditions close to the original ones and in good health, so that natural ecological processes are maintained with the proximity of some low-impact human activities. Simultaneously, it is intended to maintain or promote the connectivity of these ecosystems with those contained in Corcovado National Park, the Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, and Piedras Blancas National Park.
Description: in these zones, there is the opportunity to find a high degree of naturalness and ecological integrity and an original composition of native and endemic species, or progress is being made in their recovery, until reaching a virgin condition. The species identified as being of interest are present, move through, and disperse naturally without obstacles. The area is sufficiently large to maintain and support natural processes such as predation, floods, storms, diseases, etc.
In this zone there is an opportunity to experience autonomy and solitude. Access can be difficult, presenting a significant level of challenge and risk to people. There is a high degree of protection for biophysical and cultural resources. Human presence is minimal and controlled, and encounters with other people are not frequent (Map 6).
Acceptable Technology: methods, equipment, instruments, procedures, etc., of very low impact, such that they do not alter the condition of the site, do not threaten its possibilities for recovery, nor do they leave evidence of their presence in the zone. A minimal use of motorized equipment for research purposes, administration of the protected area, and control and protection is accepted, but the presence of frequent and loud noises is not permitted, except in cases of emergency or institutional use.
Acceptable Frequency or Intensity: It is suggested that human presence in the zone be low, meaning that the possibilities of one group encountering another are few. The frequency or intensity of sampling in the case of research must not interfere with the natural processes of the research subject, with the rest of the resident flora and fauna, or with the recovery process of the zone.
Management Controls: research permits in this zone must be rigorously reviewed, paying special attention to ensure that the researcher's presence and sampling techniques do not exceed the acceptable technologies and frequencies in the zone. Tourism activity must be well controlled and regulated.
Levels of Management Intervention: The manipulation, with scientific and technical justification, of native species threatened with extinction is acceptable, for their research, captive breeding, release (reliberación), or reintroduction. Active intervention is also accepted in the case of recovery of altered zones, whether through reforestation or other techniques. This zone may be actively intervened in or managed in the case of the presence of introduced invasive species that will not disappear through a natural process. In such a case, active intervention and eradication of the invasive species using the most efficient and safe techniques for the environment is suggested.
● Criteria used to zone sites as a virgin zone (zona virgen) - Internal zones of the estuarine wetland (humedal estuarino) without productive activities.
- Internal zones of the wetland (humedal) with potential for the development of scientific research and ecological monitoring and evaluation activities.
- Zones potentially suitable for designation as refuge sites or housing for species and/or specimens that are particularly reluctant to share spaces with humans.
- Sites with abundant and/or frequent presence of herons, roseate spoonbill, pelicans, ringed kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona), migratory ducks, crocodile (Crocodylus acutus), the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus), and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), green turtles (Chelonia mydas), and leatherback or tora turtles (Dermochelys coriacea).
- Large forest blocks important for connectivity with Corcovado National Park, Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, and Piedras Blancas National Park.
Table 1. Maximum intervention thresholds permitted for the virgin zone (zona virgen) Table 1. Maximum intervention thresholds permitted for the virgin zone (zona virgen) | Intervention Category | Intervention Factors | Virgin Zone (Zona virgen) | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Access | Type of pathway | Trail, estuary (estero), river, or canal | | | Type of transport | On foot, beast, canoe with paddle, kayak, motorized only for vessels of the ASP Management Unit (UG del ASP) | | | | Research | Type of research | Very low impact, does not produce contamination, removes all types of evidence of its presence once the project is finished. | | | Sampling frequency and intensity | Designed so as not to interfere with natural processes for more than a few days and, in such a case, so the effect is reversible. | | | | Intervention Category | Intervention Factors | Virgin Zone (Zona virgen) | | | S o c i a l Interaction | Types of tourism | Ecotourist, of very low impact, very small groups, certified guides, highly regulated by the ASP. | | | Infrastructure | Trails | | | | Services | Rescue, patrol | | | | Biophysical Intervention | Human Contamination | Sonic | Very low. Sounds produced by human sources very rare | | Physical | None | | | | | Adaptive Management | Assisted recovery of ecosystems, water resources, and species degraded by anthropogenic causes. Eradication or control of invasive species. | | | S e n s a t i o n , emotion, and values | Sensory experience | Dominant exposure to natural stimuli. | | | | Sensation one can have in the zone | Reverence, spiritual recollection, humility, oneness with nature, adventure, wonder. | |
| Extractive Activities | |
|---|---|
| Fisheries | Regulated according to the current legal framework |
| Piangua Extraction | NO |
| Agriculture and Livestock | NO |
| Mining | NO |
| Forest Extraction | NO |
| Hunting | NO |
Semi-Natural Zone (Zona semi-natural) Conservation and Development Objective: to conserve ecosystems, habitats, species, and natural and cultural resources in good health, so that natural ecological processes are maintained with the presence or in proximity of low-impact human activities.
In social terms, in this zone, sustainable use and production are promoted, as is the application of good environmental practices and participation in activities related to the protection of natural and cultural resources.
Description: the landscape contains a mix of natural and cultural features. There are forests and small human communities, and a low level of fragmentation is appreciated. It is also possible that the zone does not meet any of these conditions, but it is desired that it progress in its recovery until reaching the best possible level of health. The perception of ecological integrity is lower, as human presence is more conspicuous (Map 6).
Human activities do not reduce the current integrity of the zone nor hinder its recovery (in the case of zones destined to increase their forest cover [cobertura boscosa] and integrity). There is evidence of medium impacts caused by human activities; however, it is expected that these activities will not cause impacts such as the death of protected fauna (on CITES lists), unsustainable extraction of timber and non-timber forest products from the forest, profound modification of animal behaviors, or medium erosion.
There is commercial, productive, and social activity on a small scale. There are opportunities for privacy, although encounters and interaction with humans are frequent. It is common to see large groups and commercial tours. However, the presence of human activities that do not have mitigation efforts or a prior environmental impact assessment (estudio de impacto ambiental) is not recommended.
It is expected that the social and economic dynamics of this zone will approach elevated sustainability patterns, with support from incentives and special permits, and that a participatory relationship will be maintained with the Wetland's Management Unit (Unidad de Gestión del Humedal). In the hamlets, stability is observed, meaning there is no growth in the number of houses or the area they cover, but there is a projection toward the improvement of their social and economic condition, normality in the state of the situation of property titles (títulos de propiedad), promotion and development of sustainable activities, commitment to caring for the environment, and distinction of values at the individual and collective level. Human activities positively affect the conservation of natural resources (Map 6).
Acceptable Technology: methods, equipment, instruments, procedures, etc., of medium impact, avoiding altering the condition of the site or threatening its possibilities for recovery. The use of motorized equipment is common, but it is recommended to regulate it and avoid frequent and loud noises outside of the housing and production zones.
Acceptable Frequency or Intensity: it is suggested that human presence in the zone be medium, meaning that, although encounters are frequent, this is not constant outside of the hamlet zones. The frequency or intensity of sampling in the case of research must not interfere with the natural processes of the research subject, with the rest of the resident flora and fauna, or with the recovery process of the zone.
Management Controls: research permits in this zone will be granted for those investigations in which the presence of the researcher and the sampling techniques do not exceed the acceptable technologies and frequencies in the zone. Tourism activity has fewer restrictions. However, negotiations will be conducted with tourism operators to maintain a level and type of activity that is below the carrying capacity (capacidad de carga) of the zone; for this, it is necessary to implement the corresponding studies. It is encouraged that tourism operations enter into sustainability certification processes.
Levels of Management Intervention: In this zone, the sustainable extraction of piangua is carried out. The manipulation of native species threatened with extinction is acceptable, for their research, captive breeding, release (reliberación), or reintroduction, provided there is scientific and technical justification. Active intervention is also accepted in the case of recovery of altered zones, whether through reforestation or other techniques. The zone may be actively intervened in or managed in the case of the presence of introduced invasive species that will not disappear through a natural process. In such a case, active intervention and eradication of the invasive species using the most efficient and safe techniques for the environment is suggested.
● Criteria used to zone sites as a semi-natural zone (zona semi-natural) - Zones used as communication and recreation channels for tourism and local residents.
- Current zones of low-density human habitation.
- Zones of sustainable piangua extraction and permitted fishing.
Table 2. Maximum intervention thresholds permitted for the semi-natural zone (zona semi-natural) | Intervention Category | Intervention Factors | Semi-Natural Zone (Zona semi-natural) | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Access | Type of pathway | Dirt or gravel single-lane roads for light-load vehicles. Lanes with forest cover (cobertura boscosa) over the roads and mitigation measures. | | | | Type of transport | Motorized, private and public | | | Research | Type of research | Low impact, with technology that does not produce contamination, removing all types of evidence of its presence once the project is finished. | | | | Sampling frequency and intensity | Designed in such a way that it does not interfere with natural processes for more than a couple of weeks and, in such a case, that the effect is reversible. Community tourism projects, low-impact adventure ecotourism. Certified operation, or in the process of certification with good sustainable tourism practices. Micro-projects. Ecotourist | | | S o c i a l Interaction | Types of tourism | Desires to experience contact with nature in a way that minimizes the impacts they may cause. In general, prefers ASPs and places where environmentally friendly practices are developed. The presence of tourism mega-projects in the Humedal or large tourism operations is not accepted. The presence of mass tourism (that which seeks a hotel complex where all comfort services are offered, trying to move as little as possible from that site: Is not interested in changing their customs or life practices during their visit) is not fostered. | | | | Infrastructure | Hamlets and their associated infrastructure. In non-residential zones: operational posts, rustic trails with a wider, low-impact corridor area, simple bridges, scenic overlooks, and frequent resting areas. | | | | Services | Ecolodges, wells, family-scale treatment systems for black and gray water, solar energy, or other alternatives. | | | Biophysical Intervention | Human Contamination | Sonic | Low. In residential zones, infrequent sounds | | | | Physical | Waste management on a family scale. | | | Adaptive Management | Assisted recovery of ecosystems, water resources, and species degraded by anthropogenic causes. Eradication or control of introduced species and/or | | | S e n s a t i o n , emotion, and values | Sensory experience | Mixed exposure to natural stimuli and artificial stimuli | | | | Sensation one can have in the zone | Learning, harmony between humans and nature, socialization, curiosity, family life, environmental sustainability, calm. | | | Extractive Activities | | | --- | --- | | Fisheries | Regulated according to the current legal framework | | Piangua Extraction | With licenses outside the prohibited zone in rotation | | Agriculture and Livestock | Subsistence agriculture and livestock with minor livestock species (poultry, pigs with waste management and regulations) | | Aquaculture | Low-impact community micro-processes, regulated | | Mining | NO | | Forest Extraction | NO | | Hunting | NO | Social Zone (Zona social) Conservation and Development Objective: these are areas that, regardless of the current state of their ecosystems, will not reach a state of good ecological health as they are substantially modified areas and "sacrificable" from an ecological point of view. Their integrity is not a priority condition, and they may have high, localized impacts on ecosystems and do not affect the adjacent zones.
The objective of natural resource conservation is indirect since in this zone, sustainable productive activities are fostered and protected, along with the development of dense towns (Sierpe and Ajuntaderas), environmental education, ecological tourism with good practices, social participation, and the interaction of civil society with the ASP's activities. The activities and infrastructure that support the administrative management of the ASP are present here.
Description: the biophysical and cultural environment is not natural, and human activity and presence are constantly perceived. The landscape may contain a mix of predominantly artificial and natural features. There is evidence of high, localized impacts caused by human activities, but these impacts do not affect the extinction of animal and plant populations, nor the adjacent zones with a lower degree of intervention (Map 6 of the general management plan is represented as Map 1 of this executive summary).
There are few opportunities for privacy, and encounters and interaction with other people are constant. One can find two-lane paved roads, public motorized transport, airstrips, heliports, populations, and high waste generation, among others. It is expected that the social and economic dynamics that develop in this zone will approach elevated sustainability patterns, as well as maintaining a participatory relationship with the Wetland's management and that human activities do not affect the conservation of natural resources beyond the limits of this zone (localized impact).
In the communities of the zone, there is stability and a projection toward the improvement of their social and economic condition, breadth and free criteria for the management and decision-making of their own development, normality in the state of the situation of property titles (títulos de propiedad), presence and promotion of sustainable social and productive development projects, commitment to caring for the environment, and distinction of values at the individual and collective level.
Acceptable Technology: methods, equipment, instruments, procedures, etc., of high impact, that do not reduce the condition of the site. The use of motorized equipment is permitted, and, in designated sectors, the presence of constant and loud noises (though not above environmental regulations, 84 decibels).
Acceptable Frequency or Intensity: the presence of humans in the zone is constant. The frequency or intensity of sampling in the case of research has no restrictions, although the alteration of natural processes of species threatened with extinction is not permissible.
Management Controls: research permits in this zone will have fewer restrictions.
Levels of Management Intervention: it can be actively intervened in or managed. The presence of introduced, naturalized species is permitted, but eradication is suggested in the case of the presence of introduced invasive species that will not disappear through a natural process. Said eradication must be carried out using the most efficient and safe techniques for the environment. The manipulation of native species threatened with extinction is also acceptable, for their research, captive breeding, release (reliberación), or reintroduction, provided there is scientific and technical justification.
● Criteria used to zone sites as a social zone (zona social) - Location of current and potential towns.
Table 3. Maximum intervention thresholds permitted for the social zone (zona social) | Intervention Category | Intervention Factors | Social Zone (Zona Social) | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Access | Type of pathway | Paved road. All types of vehicles | | | | Type of transport | Motorized, private and/or public | | | Research | Type of research | High impact, low contamination acceptable, removing all types of evidence of its presence once the project is finished | | | | Sampling frequency and intensity | Without restrictions but with reversible and mitigable impacts. Rural community ecotourism. Certified operation or in the process of certification for good sustainable tourism practices. Medium projects. | | | S o c i a l Interaction | Types of tourism | Sun and "panga" tourist: visits by panga to easily accessible sites, lunches in the wetland's (humedal) restaurants, walks on the beach. Tourist observing marine fauna and mangroves. The presence of tourism mega-projects in the Humedal or large tourism operations is not accepted. The presence of the mass tourist (one who seeks a hotel complex where all the services they desire are offered, trying to move as little as possible from that site: Is not interested in changing their customs or life practices during their visit) is not fostered. | | | | Infrastructure | Small communities (Cantonal Plan) | | | | Services | Small-scale commercial activity (grocery stores, supermarkets, restaurants, workshops, small sawmills, hair salons, bazaars, etc.). Community treatment systems for black and gray water. Waste management. | | | Biophysical Intervention | Human Contamination | Sonic | High in residential zones. Continuous and loud sounds produced by human sources | | | | Physical | Waste management zone (collection center, recycling, environmental education) | | Sensation, emotion, and values | Sensory experience | Extensive and dominant exposure to artificial stimuli | | | | Sensation one can have in the zone | Learning, curiosity, disconnection, overcrowding, socialization, communication, information, consumption | | | Extractive Activities | | | --- | --- | | Fisheries | Regulated according to the current legal framework | | Agriculture and Livestock | Subsistence agriculture and livestock with minor livestock species (poultry, pigs with waste management and regulations) | | Aquaculture | Low-impact community micro-projects, regulated | | Mining | NO | | Forest Extraction | NO | | Hunting | NO | Zone of Influence (Zona de influencia) Development Objective: a population with good human development indices and ecological awareness directly and indirectly facilitates the conservation of natural resources. In this way, the work of the Management Unit (Unidad de Gestión) in the zone of influence (zona de influencia) will facilitate the achievement of the ASP's Vision in at least the following areas:
- To reinforce management for maintaining the viability and integrity of the ASP's ecosystems.
- To reduce human pressure on protected resources.
- To increase the perception of the social value of the natural resource.
- To facilitate social participation in the management of the protected area.
Description: It maintains a social, economic, and environmental relationship with the protected wild area, the typical dynamics of any community or town are maintained, productive, commercial, recreational, organizational, social action, conservation, educational relationships, and any other order that relates to the daily life of the human being occur. This human coexistence generates relationships with the natural resources and immediate environment and directly and indirectly influences the state of health of the protected ecosystems, the communities present in the ASP, and the Vision of the ASP.
In the zone of influence, it is expected to have adequate conditions of human well-being, so that said stability facilitates good management relationships, rational use, and conservation of protected natural resources and supports and promotes the well-being of the ASP communities.
Characteristics: To achieve the human well-being of the population located in the zone of influence of the ASP, it is necessary to meet precise objectives, articulated with the area's management. According to the strategic vision, the desired condition of the communities located in the zone of influence must at least respond to the following characteristics:
- Stability and projection toward the improvement of their social and economic condition. - Breadth and free criterion for the management and decision-making of their own development. - Normality in the status of property titles. - Presence of important and diverse social and productive development projects. - Promotion and development of sustainable productive activities. - Commitment to environmental care. - Distinction of values at the individual and collective level.
Criteria used to zone sites of the zone of influence (Map 7 of the general management plan is represented as Map 2 of this executive summary).
Geomorphological criteria - Communities in watersheds shared with the ASP. - Communities within boundaries related to prominent geographical features (e.g., river mouths, rivers, ridges, peninsulas, gulfs, islands, coasts, etc.)
Socio-economic relationship criteria with the ASP - Communities that obtain direct and indirect benefits from the ASP. - Commercial and social corridors linked to the ASP.
Ecological criteria - Communities linked to biological corridors relevant to the ASP.
Coverage criterion - Communities within the coverage area defined by the management capacity of the ASP.
Buffer zone Conservation objective: To generate a strip of outer edge, adjacent to the area, where a transition occurs between intense human intervention external to the ASP and internal intervention, through the promotion of better environmental practices in all types of productive and residential activities.
Description: A strip of 500 m on the periphery of the Wetland, the implementation of good practices is stimulated, so that these areas are maintained with the lowest possible levels of pollution. For this, the transformation of productive activities, organic agriculture, and other potentially polluting activities is stimulated. Simultaneously, regulations are imposed on fumigation, commercial and domestic water tributaries, and other activities, and the impacts of human activities in zones adjacent to the ASP are mitigated.
It is worth noting that the regulations governing the buffer zone are the same as those governing any other zone outside the Wetland, so the objectives for this zone will be achieved only through incentives, training, awareness-raising, and motivation of the owners of these lands.
Technology sought: Methods, equipment, instruments, procedures, etc., of medium impact, so that they do not reduce the site's condition, do not threaten its recovery possibilities, and leave little evidence of their presence in the zone. The use of high-impact techniques is not advisable in this zone, and interventions must be accompanied by environmental impact assessments (estudios de impacto ambiental) and mitigation measures.
Productive activities must be sustainable. Commercial logging activities, forest plantations, extensive agricultural crops, and the planting of exotic timber and non-timber species are not advisable, so that in the near future only sustainable commercial plantations of native species remain, with restrictions. Industrial agriculture and livestock farming are discouraged so that practices change, incorporating new alternatives and reducing the impact area. The use of motorized equipment is permitted, and it is suggested to avoid or mitigate the presence of constant and high noises. In this zone, incentives for the implementation of better practices are highlighted.
Frequency or intensity sought: The frequency of use of this zone must not threaten the desired ecological conditions, which is not defined as it will depend on the different types of possible uses.
Management controls: Permits for any type of use in this zone must be reviewed with emphasis on the implementation of good practices and must have environmental impact assessments (estudios de impacto ambiental). Tourism activity must be well controlled and regulated.
Levels of intervention in management: Forest restoration efforts, the manipulation of native species threatened with extinction for research, captive breeding, re-release, or reintroduction are advisable, provided they have scientific and technical justification. The loss of native fauna individuals is not acceptable. This zone can be actively intervened or managed. In the case of the presence of invasive introduced species that will not disappear through a natural process, their eradication is suggested using the most efficient and environmentally safe techniques.
● Criteria that were used to zone sites of the buffer zone - The criterion for defining the 500 meters width for the band is based on an average standard recommended for this type of zone and frequently used in various protected wild areas. It is an acceptable alternative in light of the fact that depending on the different human activities, its width should be defined accordingly; however, the reality in the field is that there is such a large mosaic of human activity alternatives that would require mitigation work (forestry extraction, agriculture, housing, silviculture, etc.), each with different distances, that 500 meters was chosen as an acceptable average.
Regulatory framework for boat transit in the estuaries and channels of the HNTS The rivers, channels, and estuaries of the HNTS have been divided in the following manner, according to the different intensities for boat transit that would be permitted (Map 8 of the general management plan and represented as Map 3 of this executive summary).
Table 4. Transit intensity in rivers, estuaries, and channels of the HNTS
| Intensity of Use | Zone | Daily Frequency (F) and Speed (V) in km/hour |
|---|---|---|
| Intense | Térraba and Sierpe Rivers; The Sierpe from the social area of Sierpe to the mouth | F: 20 to 60 boats V: less than 40 km/h |
| Medium | Estero Zacate, Guarumal, and the rest of the Sierpe River | F: less than 20 boats V: less than 20 km/h |
| Low | Esteros Estira Huevos, Camíbar, Tripa de Pollo, Caballo, Bocón, Islas, Bagre, Pailón, Trastos, Guerra | F: less than 10 boats V: less than 10 km/h |
| Minimal | The rest, including Estero Ganado and the Laguna del Sierpe | Paddle |
These regulations aim to reduce and prevent the impacts caused by boats by producing waves during their passage, in addition to preventing accidents in the zone. It will be the duty of the park rangers and competent authorities to enforce these regulations, initially focusing on a strong information and awareness campaign directed at those who usually use these channels.
Map 1. Zoning of the HNTS Map 2. Zone of influence of the HNTS Map 3. Regulation for boat transit Strategic elements:
The strategic elements are those that define the north of the Wetland, marking the course toward which all management effort promoted by the Management Plan is directed. This is what we could call the great dream to be achieved with the existence of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland and the execution of the Management Plan, and they are detailed below:
Review of the current management category The planning team, after reviewing the legal framework, the current and potential uses for the area, as well as its biophysical characteristics and the Mission that has been defined for this protected area, decided that the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland should remain with the same management category, that is, Wetland.
Mission The Mission is the statement of Superior Objectives that govern or mark the reason for being of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland and whose validity is timeless, meaning they are not necessarily achieved with this Management Plan.
To transform and adapt the current local and regional development style, making it compatible with the conservation and sustainable use of the natural and cultural resources of the Térraba and Sierpe wetlands, guaranteeing their integrity, viability, and the well-being of the communities that interact with and depend on it; through actions that strengthen local organizational and self-management capacities, increase scientific knowledge and management capacities over natural and cultural resources, control and surveillance of illegal and unsustainable activities, environmental education, inter-institutional coordination, and the promotion of sustainable activities in the zone of influence.
Values These are those human behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and commitments that should be promoted among the members of the Wetland Management Unit and in the surrounding communities or those within its zone of influence:
Values that must be present in the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland Management Unit - The Management Unit exercises real leadership, coordinates, and marks the path for organizations, projects, institutions, and other initiatives operating in the zone. - The Management Unit is honest in all its actions, increasing the level of local trust. - It is a consensus-builder with the majority of the social actors linked to the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland. - It promotes and facilitates the conservation of natural resources, with an explicit commitment to future generations. - It generates diverse participatory scenarios for the achievement of its purpose. - It is sensitive and has the capacity to respond to the social problems of the surrounding communities and zone of influence. - It is open to coordination and the development of team actions, both within the UG and with other organizations in the Wetland's zone of influence. - It recognizes its mistakes, corrects them, and learns from them, exercising adaptive management.
Values that must be present in the communities surrounding the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland - Communities organized in the search for and implementation of new sustainable productive alternatives, improving the quality of life and guaranteeing the viability of natural and cultural resources. - Communities committed to and sensitized about the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland, exercising sustainable use and management. - Communities open to teamwork, optimizing conditions for the development of community organizational processes in the areas surrounding the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland. - Communities open to dialogue, to favor negotiation and conflict resolution to strengthen the organization. - Perseverant communities to consolidate the organization of local actors of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland.
Vision The Vision is the target image that this Management Plan desires to achieve in the 10 years of its execution. It is expressed in 3 components: the institutional component, which answers the question, "how do we want to see the Management Unit in 10 years?"; the social component, which answers the question, "how do we want to see the communities and their relationship with the Wetland in 10 years?"; and the biophysical component, which answers the question, "how do we want to see the natural resources of the Wetland in 10 years?" Institutional Component - The boundaries of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland are clearly identified, integrated into a Geographic Information System, and demarcated in the field clearly for both locals and outsiders. - The UG has high negotiation capacity and has sufficient funds, personnel, instruments, and resources to operate adequately and with speed, based on what the Management Plan establishes. - The UG has operational independence and simultaneously executes joint policies with ACOSA. - The staff of the UG is technically and psychologically trained, is energetic and tolerant, knowledgeable of the laws, and has the capacity to exercise authority and maintain good human relations. - The UG has the necessary and adequate equipment for the fulfillment of the area's activities and performs preventive and systematic maintenance of it. - The UG has the minimum infrastructure necessary for the management of the area, in which good practices are implemented in terms of use and management of water, waste, and energy (at a minimum) and maintains said infrastructure in optimal conditions. - The UG functions harmoniously as a united group, with the common objective of achieving the conservation of the natural and cultural resources of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland and the human well-being of the surrounding communities. - The UG integrates with the surrounding communities in the pursuit of sustainable human development and improved quality of life. - The UG makes decisions in a participatory and negotiated manner with external actors.
Biophysical Component - The species that make up the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland remain healthy (abundant and with adequate age representation) and viable; and the ecosystems fulfill their functions as breeding grounds, feeding and nesting areas, storm protection, etc. - Connectivity is maintained with the Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve and the Fila Costeña. - Surface and subsurface waters, fresh, brackish, and saline, remain abundant and available, in natural conditions, free of solid and liquid anthropogenic pollution. - The mangrove and flooded forests, as well as the Sierpe lagoon, recover, reaching a state similar to the original before human alteration. - The archaeological sites and artifacts of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland and its surroundings are adequately identified, inventoried, conserved, and restored. High cultural valuation and an economic benefit for local communities are promoted. - The archaeological sites and artifacts of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland are recognized as World Heritage by UNESCO, taking into account that the Canton of Osa has been decreed an Archaeological Canton.
Social Component - Within the boundaries of the Wetland, the legal and social conflicts caused by illegal human settlements have been resolved. - The local communities inserted within and surrounding the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland are socio-economically stable. - The local communities inserted within and surrounding the Wetland have guaranteed access to public services. - The local communities inserted within and surrounding the Wetland have sustainable development projects with high environmental added value. - The local communities inserted within and surrounding the Wetland are organized, entrepreneurial, decision-makers, and have a strengthened network of cooperation and mutual aid. - Their way of life, integrated with the resources of the Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland, is recognized at the regional and national level (sustainable extraction of mollusks and sustainable fishing). - The communities are well-informed, trained, with high environmental awareness, and committed to the protection of biodiversity and the environment.