The concepts, terms, and abbreviations used in this Decree shall have the following meaning:
1. Emergency action: Rapid phytosanitary action undertaken in response to a new or unforeseen phytosanitary situation. (IPPC, 2001) 2. Phytosanitary action: Any official operation, such as inspection, testing, surveillance, or treatment, carried out to implement phytosanitary regulations or procedures. (IPPC, 2001) 3. Pest Risk Analysis: The process of evaluating biological, scientific, and economic evidence to determine whether a pest should be regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be adopted against it. (FAO, 1995; revised IPPC, 1977) 4. PRA: Pest Risk Analysis (ARP, in Spanish).
5. Regulated article: Any plant, plant product, storage place, packaging plant, means of transport, container, soil, and any other organism, object, or material capable of harboring or disseminating pests, deemed to be subject to phytosanitary measures, especially where international transportation is involved. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997) 6. Certificate: An official document attesting to the phytosanitary status of any consignment subject to phytosanitary regulations. (FAO, 1990) 7. Operational Phytosanitary Certificate*: Document issued by the State Phytosanitary Service (SFE) to individuals or legal entities registered in the Database of manufacturers and facilities for the treatment of wood packaging material.
8. CFO*: Operational Phytosanitary Certificate.
9. International Plant Protection Convention: A body of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (FAO, 1990) 10. IPPC: International Plant Protection Convention (CIPF, in Spanish).
11. Debarking: Removal of bark from round wood; does not imply that the wood becomes completely free of bark. (FAO, 1990) 12. Wood packaging material: Wood or wood products (excluding paper products) used to support, protect, or transport a consignment. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002) 13. Consignment: A quantity of plants, plant products, and/or other articles being moved from one country to another and covered, when necessary, by a single phytosanitary certificate (a consignment may be composed of one or more commodities or lots). (FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 2001) 14. Fumigation: Treatment with a chemical agent that reaches the commodity completely or primarily in a gaseous state. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995) 15. HT*: Heat Treatment.
16. Chemical pressure impregnation: Treatment of wood with a chemical preservative through a pressure process in accordance with officially recognized technical specifications. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002) 17. Infestation (of a commodity): Presence of a living pest in a commodity, which constitutes a pest of the plant or plant product concerned. Infestation also includes infection. (IPPC, 1997; revised IPPC, 1999).
18. Non-compliance: Failure to observe the phytosanitary procedures established in this regulation.
19. Serious Non-observance: Non-remediable non-compliance with ISPM 15 that results in the cancellation of the wood packaging material treatment or manufacturing facility.
20. Moderate Non-observance: Remediable non-compliance with ISPM 15 that results in the temporary suspension of the wood packaging material treatment or manufacturing facility and requires official verification.
21. Minor Non-observance: Remediable non-compliance with ISPM 15 that results in a warning and does not entail suspension or cancellation.
22. Interception (of a pest): Detection of a pest during the inspection or testing of an imported consignment. (FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 1996).
23. Free from: Concerning a consignment, field, or place of production without pests (or a specific pest) in numbers or quantities that can be detected by the application of phytosanitary procedures. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1999).
24. Wood: A class of commodity corresponding to round wood, sawn wood, wood chips, or dunnage with or without bark. (FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 2001).
25. Dunnage: Wood packaging material used to separate or support cargo, but which is not associated with the commodity. (FAO, 1990, revised ISPM Nº 15, 2002).
26. Raw wood: Wood that has not been processed or treated. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
27. Bark-free wood: Wood from which all bark, excluding the vascular cambium, the ingrown bark around knots, and the pockets of bark between annual growth rings, has been removed. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
28. Mark: An officially recognized, internationally recognized stamp or seal applied to a regulated article to attest to its phytosanitary status. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
29. Processed wood material: Products composed of wood that have been manufactured using glue, heat, and pressure, or any combination thereof. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
30. MB*: Methyl Bromide treatment.
31. Emergency measure: Phytosanitary regulation or procedure established urgently in response to a new or unforeseen phytosanitary situation. An emergency measure may or may not be provisional. (IPPC, 2001).
32. Phytosanitary measure (agreed interpretation): Any legislation, regulation, or official procedure having the purpose of preventing the introduction and/or dissemination of quarantine pests or limiting the economic repercussions of regulated non-quarantine pests. (FAO, 1995; revised IPPC, 1997; ICPM, 2002).
33. MINAE*: Ministry of Environment, Energy, and Mines (Ministerio del Ambiente, Energía y Minas).
34. ISPM: International Standard for Phytosanitary Measure. (IPPC, 1996; revised IPPC, 2001).
35. ISPM 15: International Standard for Phytosanitary Measure "Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material used in international trade".
36. Official: Established, authorized, or executed by a National Plant Protection Organization. (FAO, 1990).
37. NPPO: National Plant Protection Organization. (FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 2001).
38. Quarantine pest: A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby, even if the pest is not present or, if present, is not widely distributed and is under official control. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997).
39. Phytosanitary procedure: Any officially prescribed method for implementing phytosanitary regulations, including the performance of inspections, tests, surveillance, or treatments in relation to regulated pests. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1999; IPPC, 2001).
40. Commodity: A type of plant, plant product, or other article being moved for commercial or other purposes. (FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 2001).
41. Plant products: Unmanufactured materials of plant origin (including grains) and those manufactured products that, by their nature or processing, may create a risk of introduction and dissemination of pests. (FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 1997; formerly plant product).
42. Test: Official examination, other than visual, to determine if pests are present or to identify such pests. (FAO, 1990).
43. Registrant*: Individual or legal entity that performs the act of registering to be part of the SFE Database of companies authorized for the manufacture and treatment of wood packaging material.
44. Phytosanitary regulation: Official rule to prevent the introduction and/or dissemination of quarantine pests or to limit the economic repercussions of regulated non-quarantine pests, including the establishment of procedures for phytosanitary certification. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1999; revised IPPC, 2001).
45. Kiln drying: A process by which wood is dried in a closed chamber using controlled heat and/or humidity until a specific moisture content is achieved. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
46. SFE*: State Phytosanitary Service (Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado).
47. State Phytosanitary Service*: A body of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, responsible for ensuring the phytosanitary protection of Costa Rica.
48. SETENA*: National Environmental Technical Secretariat (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental).
49. Authorized subject: An individual or legal entity officialized by the State Phytosanitary Service (SFE), after prior analysis of the technical and scientific capacity for the inspection and assessment of treatments applied to wood packaging material.
50. Treatment: Officially authorized procedure for killing or eliminating pests or for rendering them infertile. (FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
51. Heat treatment: The process by which a commodity is heated until it reaches a minimum temperature for a minimum period, in accordance with officially recognized technical specifications. (ISPM Pub. Nº 15, 2002).
*(National definitions that are not part of the IPPC glossary of terms).