RTCR 385:2004 Canned Tuna and Bonito. Specifications 1º-Object and scope of application. The purpose of this Regulation is to specify the characteristics that Canned Tuna and Bonito intended for human consumption must meet. It does not apply to mixed products containing less than 50% mass fraction of tuna in relation to its drained weight.
2º-References 2.1 Costa Rica. 2002. Executive Decree No. 30256-MEIC-S, published in La Gaceta No. 71 of April 15, 2002. RTCR 135:2002. Nutritional labeling of prepackaged foods. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.2 -- .1998. Executive Decree No. 26829-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 74 of April 17, 1998. Amendment to executive decree No. 26012-MEIC. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.3 -- .1998. Executive Decree No. 26559-MAG-S, published in La Gaceta No. 13 of January 20, 1998. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.4 -- .1997. Executive Decree No. 26480-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 232 of December 2, 1997. Amendment to executive decree No. 22268-MEIC. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.5 -- .1997. Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 91 of May 14, 1997. RTCR 100:1997. Labeling of prepackaged foods. Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.6 --. 1993. Executive Decree No. 22268-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 132 of July 13, 1993. NCR 148:1993. Metrology. Net content of prepackaged goods. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.7 -- .1988. Executive Decree No. 18696-MAG-S, published in Supplement No. 39 to La Gaceta No. 239 of December 16, 1988. Regulation for Veterinary Inspection of Fishery Products. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
3º-Description 3.1 Product definition: Canned Tuna and Bonito are the products composed of the muscular structure of any of the appropriate species, packed in hermetically sealed containers and subjected to commercial sterilization processes.
The appropriate species are those indicated below:
- a)Thunnus alalunga b) Thunnus albacares c) Thunnus atlanticus d) Thunnus obesus e) Thunnus maccoyii f) Thunnus thynnus g) Thunnus tonggol h) Euthynnus affinis i) Euthynnus alletteratus j) Euthynnus lineatus k) Katsuwonus pelamis (synonym: Euthynnus pelamis) l) Sarda chiliensis m) Sarda orientalis n) Sarda sarda 3.2 Process definition: the products must have undergone sufficient processing to ensure their commercial sterility at the time of sale to the consumer.
3.3 Presentation.
The product shall be presented in the following manner:
3.3.1 Solid pack (with or without skin). The fish must be cut into transversal segments. The proportion of small pieces or loose pieces in general shall not exceed 18% of the drained weight of the product. If the product includes skin, the skin must be free of scales.
3.3.2 Chunks. Pieces of fish, the majority of which have a minimum of 1.25 cm in length on each side and maintain the original muscle structure. The proportion of pieces with dimensions less than 1.25 cm must not exceed 40% of the drained weight of the packed contents.
3.3.3 Flakes (en trozos pequeños), shredded loin or loin shreds. A mixture of particles and pieces of fish, the majority of which are less than 1.25 cm in length on each side but retain the original muscle structure. The proportion of pieces with dimensions less than 1.25 cm exceeds 40% of the drained weight of the packed contents.
3.3.4 Grated or minced tuna. Consists of a mixture of light and dark tuna muscle tissue that has been reduced to a uniform size and may pass through a sieve with a 1.25 cm opening and in which the muscle structure may not be preserved without reaching the consistency of a paste.
3.3.5 Tuna Specialties. Consists of any of the presentation types defined in sections 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 and 3.3.4, with the addition of any of the natural flavorings permitted in the Codex Standard for Canned Tuna and Bonito, or ground spices in the packing liquid (líquido de gobierno) in a sufficient quantity to achieve the effect or flavor declared on the label. Within this category, it is necessary to clearly indicate which presentation was used.
3.3.6 Mixed Tuna. Consists of any of the presentation types defined in sections 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, with the addition of any other type of food, or combination of foods, such that they do not exceed 50% of the drained weight of the product. Within this category, it is necessary to clearly indicate which presentation was used.
3.3.7 Any other form of presentation is permitted, provided that:
3.3.7.1 It is distinct from the other presentation forms stipulated in this Regulation.
3.3.7.2 It meets all the requirements of this Regulation.
3.3.7.3 It is properly described on the label in accordance with the provisions of RTCR 100:1997, "Labeling of prepackaged foods", Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC and its amendments.
4º-Essential composition and quality factors 4.1 Essential ingredient. The products must be prepared with healthy fish of the species indicated in section 3.1, which must comply with the provisions of:
. Regulation for Veterinary Inspection of Fishery Products, Executive Decree No. 18696-MAG-S when the product is intended for export.
. Other regulations applicable at the time of product manufacture.
4.2 Other ingredients. The packing liquid (líquido de cobertura) and all other ingredients used shall be of food grade quality and must conform to all applicable national regulations; in their absence, they must comply with the provisions of the respective CODEX standards.
When a product shows a difference in magnitude between the net weight and the drained weight, the relationship between the drained weight and the net weight shall not exceed 50%.
4.3 Decomposition. The histamine levels in the product must not exceed those established in Table 1. Chemical Parameters.
4.4 Final product. The products shall be considered to meet the requirements of this Technical Regulation when, using the methodology described in section 7 "Sampling, examination and analysis", and considering the established definitions of defects, the criteria indicated for "Lot Acceptance" in section 9 are met.
5º-Food additives. Only the use of the additives authorized in the Codex Standard for Canned Tuna and Bonito, CODEX STAN 70-1981, in its latest revision, is permitted.
6º-Safety:
6.1 The final product must be free from any foreign material that constitutes a hazard to human health.
6.2 When the product is subjected to the appropriate methods of sampling and examination prescribed by national legislation, or in its absence, by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the product shall be considered compliant when:
6.2.1 It does not contain any other substance, including substances derived from microorganisms, in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health, as established by national legislation or, in its absence, by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
6.2.2 It is contained in a packaging free from defects that could prevent its hermetic seal and complies with the following parameters:
Table 1. Chemical parameters that the product must meet Chemical Parameters
| Histamine | 50 mg/kg |
|---|---|
| Mercury | 1 mg/kg |
| Methyl mercury | 0.5 mg/kg |
| Lead | 0.2 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | 0.05 mg/kg |
Table 2. Microbiological criteria to be evaluated Microbiological parameters.
Sampling plan ICMSF (International Commission of Microbiological Standards for Food)
| n | c | m | M | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesophilic, aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, by incubation at 35ºC for 10 days | 5 | 0 | 0 | --- |
| Thermophilic, aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, by incubation at 55ºC for 5 days | 5 | 0 | 0 | --- |
Where:
"n" is the number of sample units to be examined.
"c" is the number of sample units that may contain a number of microorganisms between m and M for the food to be acceptable.
"m" is the microbiological parameter value below which the food does not represent a health hazard.
"M" is the microbiological parameter value above which the food represents a health hazard.
6.3 The product to which the provisions of this Regulation apply is required to be manufactured in accordance with the national regulations applicable to its reception, handling, processing, and storage. In the absence of national regulations, refer to the appropriate sections of the Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/ RCP 1-1969, in its latest revision) and the following related codes:
6.3.1 The Recommended International Code of Practice for Canned Fish (CAC/RCP 10-1976, in its latest revision).
6.3.2 The Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Low-Acid and Acidified Low-Acid Canned Foods (CAC/RCP 23-1979, in its latest revision).
6.4 The product must comply with the guidelines established by the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) System approved by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in the Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene [CAC/RCP-1 (1969), in its latest revision], as a method to guarantee safety in its production processes. They shall be subject to auditing, inspection, and control thereof by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock as well as by the competent National Health Authority in this matter, according to Executive Decree No. 26559-MAG-S and its amendments.
7º-Sampling, examination and analysis 7.1 Sampling:
7.1.1 The sampling of lots for the quality examination of the final product must be carried out according to the sampling plan established in Table 3 contained in this regulation, based on the Military Standard 105 E, using one of the two operating procedures described in the amendment to NCR 148:1993, "Metrology, Net Content of Prepackaged Goods", Executive Decree No. 26480- MEIC.
7.1.2 The sampling of lots for the safety examination of the final product, through the verification of the parameters established in Tables 1 and 2, must be carried out according to the sampling plan included in Table 2. Furthermore, the definition of a lot to be used is that established in the Regulation for the Labeling of Prepackaged Foods. One of the two operating procedures described in the amendment to NCR 148:1993, "Metrology, Net Content of Prepackaged Goods", Executive Decree No. 26480-MEIC shall be used for the selection of the sample.
7.1.3 To obtain the sample from the preceding paragraphs, from lots consisting of shipping cases (embalajes), at least the number of shipping cases established in Table 5 of Appendix A of NCR 148:1993, "Metrology, Net content of prepackaged goods", Executive Decree No. 22268-MEIC must be opened.
7.1.4 The total conformity assessment of this final product shall be determined solely from this group of samples, as established by Article 90 of the Regulation to the Law for the Promotion of Competition and Consumer Defense.
7.2 Sensory and physical examination. The sensory and physical evaluation of the samples shall be carried out by personnel specifically trained for this purpose, in accordance with the provisions of sections 7.3 to 7.6 and 9 of this regulation, and the Guidelines for the Sensory Evaluation of Fish and Shellfish in the Laboratory (CAC/GL 31- 1999, in its latest revision).
An external examination of the container must also be carried out to determine if there are defects that affect the integrity of the product.
7.3 Determination of net weight. The determination of the net and drained contents must be done prior to determining the presentation.
The net weight of all sample units shall be determined by the procedure indicated below:
7.3.1 If the product includes a printed label, it must be removed.
7.3.2 Weigh the unopened container.
7.3.3 Open the container and extract the contents.
7.3.4 Weigh the container including the lid after having removed excess product and the packing liquid (líquido de cobertura), if applicable, and after washing it.
7.3.5 Subtract the weight of the empty container or tare from the weight of the unopened container.
The result will be the net content. To determine the tare, apply the procedure described in section 6.3 of NCR 148:1993, "Metrology, Net content of prepackaged goods", Executive Decree No. 22268-MEIC.
7.4 Determination of drained weight.
The drained weight of all sample units shall be determined as follows:
7.4.1 Keep the container at a temperature between 20ºC and 30ºC for at least 12 h prior to the examination.
7.4.2 Open the container after weighing and pour the contents, distributing them into a previously weighed circular sieve with a wire mesh having square openings of 2.8 mm x 2.8 mm.
7.4.3 Tilt the sieve at an angle of 17º to 20º and let the fish drain for 2 min starting from the moment the product has been poured into the sieve.
7.4.4 Weigh the sieve with the drained fish.
7.4.5 Determine the weight of the drained product by subtracting the weight of the sieve from the weight of the sieve with the drained product.
7.5 Determination of washed drained weight (for products in sauce) The washed drained weight of all sample units shall be determined as follows:
7.5.1 Keep the container at a temperature of 20ºC to 30ºC for at least 12 h before the examination.
7.5.2 If the product includes a printed label, it must be removed.
7.5.3 Open and tilt the container and wash off the packing sauce (salsa de cobertura); then wash the contents with running water (at approximately 40ºC), using a wash bottle (squeeze type) over a previously weighed circular sieve with an opening size that guarantees no significant product loss will occur.
7.5.4 Wash the sieve contents with hot water until the adhered sauce is completely removed; if necessary, separate the optional ingredients (spices, vegetables, fruits, among others) with tweezers, without removing them from the sieve. Tilt the sieve at an angle of 17º to 20º and let the fish drain for 2 min starting from the moment the washing has been completed.
7.5.5 Remove the water adhering to the bottom of the sieve using a paper towel. Weigh the sieve with the washed, drained fish.
7.5.6 The washed drained weight is obtained by subtracting the weight of the sieve from the weight of the sieve with the washed and drained product.
7.6 Determination of the presentation. The presentation of all sample units shall be determined by the following procedure:
7.6.1 Open the container and drain the contents, following the procedure indicated in 7.4 or 7.5, as appropriate.
7.6.2 Extract the contents and place them on a mesh screen with openings of 1.25 cm per side, equipped with a collection vessel.
7.6.3 Separate the fish with a spatula, taking care not to destroy the configuration of the pieces. Ensure that the smallest fish pieces are placed over the mesh openings so that they can fall into the collection vessel.
7.6.4 Separate the material contained in the vessel according to whether it is in the form of "flakes (trozos pequeños)" or "grated (disgregado) (minced (molido))" and weigh each portion to determine the mass of each component.
7.6.5 If the product is declared to be in the "solid pack" form, extract the smaller pieces from the screen and weigh again.
Subtract the weight of the screen to determine the mass of the "solid pack" tuna.
7.6.6 If the product is declared to be in "chunks", weigh the screen with the retained fish and record the mass. Subtract the weight of the empty screen to determine the mass of the solid pack and chunk tuna.
7.6.7 If the product is declared to be in the form of "mixed tuna", carry out the procedure defined in 7.6.4, 7.6.5 or 7.6.6 to determine the mass of the presentation used as a base; in any case, it must be ensured that the portion of added foods in this presentation is completely extracted.
Next, weigh that portion of foods.
7.6.8 Calculations 7.6.8.1 Calculate the mass of the solid pack fish retained on the screen through the process defined in 7.6 and express it as a percentage of the total drained mass of the fish.
% Solid pack fish = Mass of solid pack fish χ 100 Total mass of the drained product 7.6.8.2 Calculate the mass of the fish in chunks retained on the screen through the process defined in 7.6 and express it as a percentage of the total drained mass of the fish.
% Fish in chunks = Mass of fish in chunks χ 100 Total mass of the drained product 7.6.8.3 Calculate the mass of the fish in flakes (trozos pequeños) retained on the screen through the process defined in 7.6 and express it as a percentage of the total drained mass of the fish.
% Fish in flakes (trozos pequeños) = Mass of fish in flakes (trozos pequeños) χ 100 Total mass of the drained product 7.6.8.4 Calculate the mass of the grated (disgregado) or minced (molido) fish retained on the screen through the process defined in 7.6 and express it as a percentage of the total drained mass of the fish.
% Grated (disgregado) or minced (molido) fish = Mass of grated (disgregado) or minced (molido) fish χ 100 Total mass of the drained product 7.7 Determination of histamine content. The histamine content of all sample units shall be determined by the AOAC 977.13 procedure.
8º-Definition of defects. A sample unit shall be considered defective when it exhibits any of the characteristics determined below:
8.1 Foreign matter. Any matter present in the sample unit, whether originating from the fish or the packing medium or not, whether constituting a hazard to human health or not, and whether recognized with a magnifying lens or detected by any other method, which reveals non-compliance with good manufacturing and hygiene practices.
8.2 Odor and flavor. A sample unit affected by persistent and unmistakable objectionable odors or flavors that are a sign of decomposition or rancidity.
8.3 Texture:
8.3.1 Muscle structure (soft or hard) not characteristic of the species composing the processed product in its respective presentation.
8.3.2 Presence of holes in the flesh in more than 5% of the drained content.
8.3.3 Texture not characteristic of the other types of foods composing the product (if applicable).
8.4 Objectionable matter. A sample unit presenting one or more struvite crystals longer than 5 mm.
9º-Lot acceptance 9.1 Net weight and drained weight of prepackaged goods. The total number of defective units, classified in accordance with sections 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6, shall not exceed the acceptance number of the sampling plan, indicated in Table 1 of this regulation, under an Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) of 2.5%.
9.2 Product evaluation. The following criteria shall be taken into account for product acceptance:
9.2.1 Critical defect. All those that threaten the following legitimate objectives shall be considered critical defects: the imperatives of national security; the prevention of practices that may mislead the consumer; the protection of human health or safety, animal or plant life or health, or the environment. Thus, these defects are typified:
Presence of any foreign matter that is not, or does not originate from, the permitted ingredients described in this regulation.
Presence of hard bones larger than 1 cm in length, scales in a proportion greater than 4 per 100 g of drained product.
Presence of dents or corrosion that compromise the commercial sterility of the product, rancidity of the oil, non-compliance with the declared contents, and declarations on the labeling that mislead the consumer. In addition to the presence of the defects described in points 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3.
Its evaluation shall be carried out according to the sampling standard for attributes Mil-Std 105E, with an acceptance level (AQL) of 2.5%, as shown in Table 3.
Non-compliance with any of the parameters established in Tables 1 and 2 is also considered a critical defect. However, its evaluation shall be in accordance with the provisions of the same tables.
9.2.2 Non-critical defect. Those present in the product without representing a potential risk to consumer health are considered non-critical defects. Within this classification are: soft bones in a proportion greater than three per 100 g of drained product, tuna skin longer than 2 cm, signs of oil rancidity. In addition to the presence of the defects described in point 8.4.
Its evaluation shall be carried out according to the sampling standard for attributes Mil-Std 105E, with an acceptance level (AQL) of 4.0%, as shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Sampling Plan * Inspection Level S4
| Lot Size (N) | Acceptance Level AQL 2.5 % | Acceptance Level AQL 4.0 % | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From | To | Sample Size (n) | Acceptance Number (ac) | Rejection Number (Re) | Sample Size (n) | Acceptance Number (Ac) | Rejection Number (Re) |
| 2 | 90 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| 91 | 150 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 2 |
| 151 | 500 | 20 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 2 |
| 501 | 1,200 | 20 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 2 | 3 |
| 1,201 | 10,000 | 32 | 2 | 3 | 32 | 3 | 4 |
| 10,001 | 35,000 | 50 | 3 | 4 | 50 | 5 | 6 |
| 35,001 | 500,000 | 80 | 5 | 6 | 80 | 7 | 8 |
| 500,001 | And over | 125 | 7 | 8 | 125 | 10 | 11 |
* For the first three ranges where the sample sizes for each level vary, the procedure to follow is to obtain a subsample, which would be the smaller sample, randomly selecting the elements from the larger sample.
10.-Methods of analysis. The following methods shall be used for the verification of the parameters established in this regulation:
10.1 Histamine. AOAC Method 977.13 10.2 Mercury. AOAC 971.21 (1999 Edition or the most recent version) 10.3 Methylmercury. AOAC 988.11 (1999 Edition or the most recent version) 10.4 The sensory and physical evaluation of the samples shall conform to the provisions of sections 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6 of this regulation.
10.5 Commercial sterility test AOAC 972.44 (1990 Edition or the most recent version) 10.6 Electrophoresis test, for the determination of the nature of the meat.
10.7 Lead in fish AOAC 972.25 (1999 Edition or the most recent version) 10.8 Cadmium and lead in food AOAC 982.23 (1999 Edition or the most recent version) 11.-Labeling 11.1 All products must comply with the provisions established in Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC, Technical Regulation RTCR 100:1997. Labeling of prepackaged foods, and its amendments.
11.2 Additionally, in the case of mixed products, the minimum percentage of tuna contained in the product in relation to its drained weight, where it exists, or net weight as applicable, must be declared in the list of ingredients. It must be declared as a mass fraction, at the time of sale to the consumer.
11.3 The products described in section 2.3 must also comply with Executive Decree No. 30256-MEIC-S, Technical Regulation RTCR 135:2002. Nutritional labeling of prepackaged foods, and its amendments.
11.4 The name of the product shall be "Tuna ______ _ ", where the space shall state one of the presentations described in 3.3. In the case of the presentations described in 3.3.5, 3.3.6 and 3.3.7, the food additive, spice, flavoring, natural flavoring, or food(s) that were added to the tuna, or the alternative presentation it has, must also be specified.
12.-Bibliography 12.1 Chile. 1997. Decree No. 977/97 updated 07/30/2000. Sanitary Food Regulation. Ministry of Health. Legal Advisory Department. Republic of Chile. n.p.
12.2 United States of America. Department of Defense. 1989. Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspection by Attributes, Mil-Std 105E, n.p.
12.3 Italy. FAO/WHO. 1969. Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene. CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev. 3, 1997, Amended 1999). Rome, n.p.
12.4 -- . 1999. Guidelines for the Sensory Evaluation of Fish and Shellfish in the Laboratory. CAC/GL 31-1999. Rome, n.p.
12.5 -- . 1979. Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Low-Acid and Acidified Low-Acid Canned Foods. CAC/RCP 23-197, Rev. 2, 1993. Rome, n.p.
12.6 -- . 1976. Recommended International Code of Practice for Canned Fish. CAC/RCP 10-1976. Rome, n.p.
12.7 -- . 1969. Codex Sampling Plans for Prepackaged Foods (AQL 6.5). CODEX STAN 233-1969. Rome, n.p.
12.8 European Union. 2001. Commission Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Brussels, n.p.
12.9 -- . 2000 Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000 of 17 December 1999 on the common organization of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products. Brussels, n.p.
13.-Concordance This regulation essentially aligns with the Codex Standard for Canned Tuna and Bonito, CODEX STAN 70-1981, Rev. 1-1995.