RTCR 389:2004 Blackberry for Fresh Consumption 1. Scope of application. This technical regulation aims to define the quality, safety, packaging, and labeling characteristics of fresh Blackberry of the varieties (cultivars) Rubus sp., both national and imported, intended for consumption in the country.
2. References 2.1 Costa Rica. 1998. Executive Decree No. 26829-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 74 of April 17, 1998. Amendment to Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.2 --. 1997. Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC published in La Gaceta No. 91 of May 14, 1997. RTCR100:1997. Labeling of Prepackaged Foods. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.3 --. 1997. Executive Decree No. 26480-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 232 of December 2, 1997. Amendment to Executive Decree No. 22268-MEIC. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.4 --. 1996. Executive Decree No. 24907-MEIC published in La Gaceta No. 25 of February 5, 1996. NCR230:1995. Fresh Horticultural Products. Sampling. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
2.5 --. 1993. Executive Decree No. 22268-MEIC, published in La Gaceta No. 132 of July 13, 1993. NCR 148:1993. Metrology. Net Content of Prepackaged Products. San José, Costa Rica, Imprenta Nacional. n.p.
3. Definitions 3.1 Insect damage: is the alteration of the fruit caused by insects, which generally presents a rupture of the fruit's epidermis; it may be recent or scarred.
3.2 Mechanical damage: are the wounds on the surface of the fruit, resulting from the rubbing of fruits against thorns or other objects, causing the release of liquids. Mechanical damage includes the crushing of the fruit due to inadequate post-harvest handling.
3.3 Drupelets: are small, spherical-shaped fruits that make up the aggregate fruit known as blackberry.
3.4 Overripe fruit: is the fruit that loses its firmness, showing a characteristic softness and that does not meet the quality conditions for its commercial consumption. In the majority of cases, these fruits begin the fermentation process (showing a change in color) immediately if not properly preserved.
3.5 Degree of physiological maturity: is that which meets the degree of ripeness characteristic of the variety on at least 75% of the fruit's surface.
3.6 Scarred wound: is any penetrating wound that has formed a restorative tissue to close the lesion. It is considered a defect when it exceeds 10% of the fruit's area.
3.7 Malformation: fruits that are outside the typical shape of the variety and that significantly affect the appearance of the fruit.
It generally occurs when there are failures in pollination, when the flower is affected by different types of fungi or by insect attack.
3.8 Fresh blackberry: for the purposes of this regulation, Blackberry is understood as fruits belonging to the varieties (cultivars) Rubus sp. that have not been subjected to any type of processing (such as freezing) nor have been processed into pieces or pulp for packaging. This fruit is composed of drupelets.
3.9 Peduncle: is the structure upon which the blackberry inflorescence is connected to the stem; it may or may not have thorns.
3.10 Loss of firmness: is the result of water loss (dehydration) due to progress in the ripening process or prolonged exposure to high temperatures. It is recognized by the loss of turgor and weight.
3.11 Fungal damage: cottony appearance, gray, whitish, or black in color on the fruit's epidermis.
3.12 Presence of insects: insects or larvae on the fruit's surface.
3.13 Rot: decomposition or deterioration of the fruit caused by fungi or bacteria.
4. Provisions relating to quality 4.1 Minimum requirements. In all quality categories, in accordance with the special provisions for each of them and the permitted tolerances, blackberries must:
4.1.1 Be firm in consistency, well-formed.
4.1.2 Be sound; products affected by rot, mold, or deterioration that makes them unfit for human consumption are excluded.
4.1.3 Be free from mechanical damage.
4.1.4 Be clean, free from any visible foreign matter.
4.1.5 Be free from insects and other parasites that affect the general appearance of the product.
4.1.6 Be free from abnormal external moisture, except the condensation resulting from its removal from a cold storage chamber.
4.1.7 Be free from foreign odors and flavors.
4.1.8 The minimum soluble solids content (Brix) must not be less than 8%.
4.1.9 The fruit must have developed its characteristic color on at least 75% of the surface.
4.1.10 The development and state of maturity of the blackberries must be such that they can withstand transport and handling to arrive in a satisfactory condition at the place of destination.
4.2 Classification. Blackberries are classified into three categories, as defined below:
4.2.1 Quality Grade 1. In addition to the previous minimum requirements, blackberries in this category must not exceed the maximum percentages of defects allowed for this grade established in Table 1.
They must likewise comply with the specifications of items 4 and 5 of this regulation.
4.2.2 Quality Grade 2. In addition to the previous minimum requirements, blackberries in this category must not exceed the maximum percentages of defects allowed for this grade established in Table 1.
They must likewise comply with the specifications of items 4 and 5 of this regulation.
4.2.3 Quality Grade 3. In addition to the previous minimum requirements, blackberries in this category must not exceed the maximum percentages of defects allowed for this grade established in Table 1.
They must likewise comply with the specifications of items 4 and 5 of this regulation.
5. Specifications 5.1 Quality tolerances. The tolerances regarding quality are established for each package, lot, or shipment of prepackaged or non-prepackaged product, in accordance with the provisions in this regulation.
Table 1. Maximum limits of defects allowed for blackberries, according to quality grades
| Quality grades % maximum by number | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Defects | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Damage by insects, rodents, and birds | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Malformation | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Scarred wound | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Loss of firmness | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Mechanical damage | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Fungal damage | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Rot | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Maximum % of accumulated defects allowed | 6 | 10 | 13 |
5.1.2 A 10%, 15%, and 20% mixture of varieties is allowed for the first, second, and third quality grades, respectively.
5.1.3 For each quality grade, up to 1% of fruit peduncle is allowed.
5.1.4 For each quality grade, up to 10% of fruit that has not reached its degree of physiological maturity is allowed.
6. Provisions relating to contaminants 6.1. Pesticide residues. The pesticide residues allowed for this product shall not exceed the maximum limits established by the country's legislation. Failing that, they shall be those set by the list of these compounds and their limits approved by the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Pesticide Residues in relation to the product covered by this Regulation.
6.2 Heavy metals. Blackberries must meet the maximum levels of heavy metals established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for this aspect.
6.3. Other contaminants. The contaminant agents allowed in this product shall not exceed the maximum limits established by the country's legislation. Failing that, they shall be set in the list of these compounds and their limits approved by the competent Codex Alimentarius Committees.
7. Provisions relating to hygiene. It is recommended to apply the provisions of the Recommended International Code of Practice and Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969 Rev. 3, 1997).
When analyzed following appropriate sampling and analysis methods, the product must be free from microorganisms (Salmonella spp, Cyclospora cayetanensis, generic E. coli, Shigella spp), parasites, or substances in quantities that may affect the product's own characteristics or that may represent a danger to health.
8. Packaging. The blackberry must be packaged in a manner that protects it from contamination, with adequate ventilation. The content of each presentation form must be uniform, with blackberries of the same quality and variety (see item 5.1.2.) completely clean of residues, dirt, and contaminants.
9. Provisions relating to marking or labeling 9.1 Blackberry marketed prepackaged must comply with what is established in the legislation for the labeling of prepackaged foods, through Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC RTCR100:1997.
Labeling of Prepackaged Foods and its amendments. It must also declare:
9.1.1 Quality grade 9.1.2 Predominant variety and 9.1.3 Present the following statement: "once acquired, it is recommended to keep refrigerated" 9.2 Blackberry not marketed prepackaged must comply with the following information:
9.2.1 Name of the product.
9.2.2 Origin of the product.
9.2.3 Commercial quality grade (first, second, third).
9.2.4 Predominant variety.
9.2.4 Present the following statement: "once acquired, it is recommended to keep refrigerated" Said information must remain in a visible place next to the product in such a way that it does not mislead or deceive the consumer.
9.3 For blackberry transported prepackaged or without prior packaging, including imported, the following information must appear on the document accompanying the goods.
9.3.1 Quality grade (first, second, or third).
9.3.2 Predominant variety.
9.3.3 Origin of the Product. The statement PRODUCT OF (country of origin).
10. Provisions relating to packaging. The blackberries must be packaged in such a way that the product is properly protected and with materials that conform to the Code of Practice for Packaging and Transport of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables.
The material used inside the containers must be clean and of such quality that it prevents external or internal damage to the product. The use of materials is allowed, in particular paper and stamps with commercial indications, provided they are printed or labeled with non-toxic ink or glue.
11. Bibliography:
11.1 Carmona, G. 2001. "Role of Temperature in the Storage of Fresh Products". National Council of Production, Costa Rica. n.p.
11.2 Castro, A.; Cerdas, M.M. 2001. Characterization of the most representative Blackberry varieties (Rubus sp). National Council of Production, UCR-CNP Agreement, Costa Rica.
11.3 Elizondo, A. 2002. Blackberry (Rubus). National Council of Production (Marketing and Agroindustry), Costa Rica.
11.4 Colombian Institute of Technical Standards. 1997. Colombian Technical Standard Castilla Blackberry, Specifications. NTC 4106.
11.5 Perkins, P. Clark, J. Huber, D. Baldwin, E. 2000. Journal American Society HortScience Ripening Physiology in "Navaho" Thornless Blackberries: Color, Respiration, Ethylene production, Softening, and Compositional Changes 125(3): 357-363.
11.6 United States Department of Agriculture. 1928. United States Standards for grades of Dewberries and Blackberries.
11.7 UN/ECE. 1996. Standard FFV-35 Strawberries, concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of strawberries; United Nations, Geneva.