18862-MEC of February 28, 1989, Official Standard for Raw Milk and Hygienized Milk, published in La Gaceta No. 59 of March 27, 1989, so that henceforth it reads as follows.
"Article 1°-To approve the following technical regulation, RTCR 90:1989. Raw Milk and Hygienized Milk 1. Objective and Scope of Application. This technical regulation aims to establish the types and define the characteristics that fluid milk marketed for local consumption must meet.
2. Definitions 2.1 milk: It is the product of the normal secretion of the mammary gland of healthy bovine animals, obtained through milking (ordeño); its origin must be established if it comes from another animal species.
2.2 milking (ordeño): It is the hygienic, uninterrupted, and complete extraction, one or several times a day, of milk from its natural source, by manual or mechanical means.
2.3 raw milk (leche cruda): It is milk that has not undergone any hygienization process, with the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics inherent to the product.
2.4 whole or entire milk (leche íntegra o entera): It is that raw or hygienized milk, undiluted, from which none of its components has been extracted, added, or separated from milking until it is delivered to the consumer or the processing plant.
2.5 pasteurized milk (leche pasteurizada): It is that milk that has been subjected to a specific thermal treatment for a determined time, to achieve the total destruction of the pathogenic organisms it may contain, without considerably altering its composition, flavor, or nutritional value.
2.6 ultra-pasteurized milk (leche ultrapasteurizada): It is milk that has been subjected to a rapid high-temperature process, without causing considerable modifications to its composition, flavor, or nutritional value, obtaining a commercially sterile product.
2.7 hygienized milk (leche higienizada): It is that milk considered in sections 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4, which has been subjected to one of the processes described in 2.5, 2.6, or 2.9.
2.8 homogenized milk (leche homogenizada): It is milk that has been processed in such a way that the fat globules have been fragmented to such a degree that after 48 hours of keeping the milk at rest, no visible separation of cream occurs.
2.9 commercial sterilization (esterilización comercial): For hermetically packaged milk, this is understood as the technological process by which pathogenic microorganisms and their spores are destroyed, in parallel with other types of microorganisms that cause deterioration of the product.
2.10 adulterated milk (leche adulterada): Any milk to which any substance has been added or subtracted to vary its composition, weight, or volume, for fraudulent purposes or to conceal or correct any defect due to being of inferior quality or having altered quality. The addition or subtraction of any substance to vary its composition is not considered adulteration.
2.11 altered milk (leche alterada): Any milk that during its production, preparation, handling, transport, storage, or possession, and for reasons not deliberately caused, has undergone such variations in its organoleptic characteristics, chemical composition, or nutritional value that its suitability for consumption has been nullified or significantly diminished, even if the product remains innocuous.
2.12 contaminated milk (leche contaminada): Any milk that contains pathogenic germs, chemical or radioactive substances, toxins, or parasites capable of transmitting diseases to humans or animals. The circumstance that the ingestion of such milk does not cause organic disorders in the person who consumed it shall not be an obstacle to such consideration.
2.13 falsified milk (leche falsificada): Any milk in which any of the following circumstances concur:
2.13.1 It has been prepared or labeled to simulate another milk.
2.13.2 Its actual composition does not correspond to the declared and commercially advertised one.
2.13.3 Any other circumstance capable of confusing the consumer.
2.14 reconstituted milk (leche reconstituida): It is the uniform product obtained from the reintegration of potable water to milk powder, whether whole, semi-skimmed, or skimmed, adding or not dehydrated milk fat and subsequently subjecting it to hygienization so that it presents the same physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the corresponding liquid milk.
2.15 recombined milk (leche recombinada): It is the product of the mixture of raw milk with reconstituted milk in a proportion not greater than 30% of the latter, subsequently hygienized and which presents physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics similar to those of the corresponding milk.
3. Classification. Milk, according to its characteristics, shall be classified into the following types:
3.1. Whole milk.
3.2. Semi-skimmed milk.
3.3. Skimmed milk.
Notes:
- 1)Whole milk can be raw or hygienized 2) Semi-skimmed and skimmed milk must be hygienized.
4. Characteristics.
4.1 General characteristics: Milk for any of the types shall be clean and free of colostrum; it shall not contain added substances, whether or not they are components of it, and shall conform to the conditions required by the country's sanitary legislation.
4.2 Organoleptic characteristics:
4.2.1 Color: Must be white or ivory.
4.2.2 Appearance: Opaque colloidal liquid, of uniform appearance, except in non-homogenized milk, where the fat forms a faint yellow layer when left at rest. There must be no variation in normal viscosity or phase separation of the colloidal state.
4.2.3 Odor: Characteristic; any other foreign odor that raises doubt shall be considered abnormal.
4.2.4 Flavor: Characteristic; any other foreign flavor that raises doubt shall be considered abnormal.
4.3 Physicochemical characteristics: Milk for any of the types must comply with the requirements specified in Table No. 1.
Table 1. Physical 1) and chemical characteristics of milk
| Characteristics | Whole milk | Semi-skimmed milk | Skimmed milk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milk fat | Greater than or equal to 3% | Greater than or equal to 1% and less than 3% | Less than 1% |
| Total solids minimum, % | 11.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 |
| Non-fat solids minimum, % | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Acidity as lactic acid | |||
| Maximum, % | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| Minimum, % | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| Phosphatase 2) | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| Ash maximum, % proteins (N * 6.38) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| minimum, % | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| sediment, mg/kg | negative | negative | negative |
| Density at 15 °C minimum | 1.032 | 1.030 | 1.029 |
Table 1. Physical 1) and chemical characteristics of milk (conclusion)
| Characteristics | Whole milk | Semi-skimmed milk | Skimmed milk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freezing point ° C- (°Horvet) | |||
| Minimum | -0.513 (-0.531) 3) | -0.513 (-0.531) 3) | -0.513 (-0.531) 3) |
| Maximum | -0.541 (-0.560) | -0.541 (-0.560) | -0.541 (-0.560) |
Notes:
- 1)All percentages in mass fraction.
- 2)In the case of whole milk, this value may be positive only when dealing with raw milk.
- 3)In ultra-pasteurized milk, it can reach up to -0.528 5. Maximum limits for pesticide residues. The tolerances allowed for pesticide residues in all types of milk are as follows:
| Name of pesticide | Maximum limit mg/kg referred to the whole product | | --- | --- | | Aldrin and dieldrin (HHON and HEOD); residue: | | | Aldrin and dieldrin, alone or in combination, expressed as dieldrin. | 0.006 | | Bromophos: residues: Bromophos. | 0.05 | | Bromophos ethyl. | | | Residue: Bromophos ethyl. | 0.008 | | Carbophenothion: residue: total residue of carbophenothion, sulfoxide and sulfone together with their respective oxygenated analogs if present, expressed as carbophenothion. | 0.004 | | Chlordane: Residue: is the combination of the cis and trans chlordane isomers and oxychlordane. | 0.002 | | Chlordimeform: residue: the sum of chlordimeform and its metabolites determined as 4-chloro-o-toluidine and expressed as chlordimeform. | 0.05 | | Chlorfenvinphos; Residue: expressed as the sum of the alpha and beta isomers of chlorfenvinphos. | 0.008 | | Chlormequat; Residue chlormequat cation. | 0.004 | | Chlorobenzilate; Residue: Chlorobenzilate. | 0.05 | | Chlorpyrifos: Residue: Chlorpyrifos. | 0.0004 | | Coumaphos; Residue: Coumaphos and its analogous oxygenated compounds expressed as coumaphos. | 0.02 | | Crufomate; residue: crufomate | 0.05 | | DDT; Residue: DDT, DDD and DDE alone or in any combination. | 0.05 | | Dichlorvos; Residue: Dichlorvos, including dichloroacetaldehyde, when present | 0.02 | | Dioxathion; Residue: Cis and trans isomers of the main active ingredient, determined and expressed as the sum of both isomers | 0.008 | | Diquat, as dichloride, dibromide or possibly other salts; Residues: Diquat cation | 0.01 | | Endrin; Residue: Combined residues of endrin and delta-ketoendrin | 0.0008 | | Ethion; Residue: determined as ethion and its analogous oxygenated compound and expressed as ethion. | 0.02 | | Fenchlorphos; Residue: Must be determined as fenchlorphos and its analogous, oxygenated compound and expressed as fenchlorphos | 0.04 | | Fenitrothion; Residue: Fenitrothion | 0.002 | | Fenthion; Residue: Fenthion and its main metabolites, determined separately or together and expressed as fenthion | 0.05 | | Heptachlor; Residue: combined residues of heptachlor and its epoxide, expressed as heptachlor | 0.006 | | Hexachlorobenzene: Residue: Hexachlorobenzene | 0.5 | | Lindane (synonyms: gamma-BHC or gamma-HCH); Residue: Lindane | 0.01 | | Mancozeb; Residue: Mancozeb | 0.02 | | Monocrotophos; Residue: Monocrotophos | 0.002 | | Paraquat (1) Residue: Paraquat cation | 0.01 | | Trichlorfon; Residue: Trichlorfon | 0.05 | | Tricyclohexyltin (2); Residue: Tricyclohexyltin Hydroxide, excluding organic degradation products and inorganic tin | 0.002 | (1) Available as di-(methylsulfate) dichloride and probably other salts.
(2) New common name: cyhexatin 6. Prohibitions. Milk must be free of:
6.1 Preservatives.
6.2 Colorants.
6.3 Flavorings.
6.4 Antibiotics and metabolites.
6.5 Chemotherapeutics and metabolites.
6.6 Fat or oil of vegetable, mineral, or non-dairy animal origin.
6.7 Thickeners or inert substances.
6.8 Heavy metals.
6.9 Hormonal products and their metabolites of exogenous origin.
6.10 Anabolic agents and metabolites.
6.11 Odorants of any kind.
6.12 Emulsifiers.
7. Sampling. For sampling, the procedure described in articles 90 and 90 bis of the Regulation to the Law for the Promotion of Competition and Effective Consumer Protection, Executive Decree No. 25234-MEIC, shall be used.
8. Packaging and labeling.
8.1 Packaging: packaging for treated milk shall be of such material and shape as to give the product adequate protection during storage and transport, and with a hermetic seal that prevents contamination. Packaging for all types shall be clean, aseptic, free of defects, and shall conform to the sanitary provisions for the product.
8.2 Hermetic packaging: It is the package designed with the purpose of being secure against the entry of microorganisms and thereby maintaining the commercial sterility of the product.
8.3 Label: For the purposes of this Standard, they shall be of any material that can be adhered to the packages, or of permanent printing on them. They must also comply with the provisions of the Technical Regulation for the Labeling of Prepackaged Foods, Executive Decree No. 26012-MEIC of April 15, 1997.
9. Conditioning. Fresh milk sold in bulk shall remain from milking until the moment of its sale, in clean and aseptic containers, free of defects and with a hermetic seal that prevents its contamination. After milking, the fresh milk must be cooled to a temperature no greater than 5°C and at the moment of sale, its temperature must not be higher than 12°C. Storage and transport conditions shall comply with the current sanitary regulations.
10. Physicochemical tests.
10.1 Lipids 10.2 Total solids 10.3 Acidity 10.4 Phosphatase 10.5 Proteins 10.6 Sediments 10.7 Cryoscopic index 10.8 Density 10.9 Occasional