1. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION The objective of this Regulation is to establish the maximum permitted residue limits for toxic residues and the microbiological count in fishery products and by-products marketed for human consumption. 2.
DEFINITIONS 2.1. Food additive: Any substance that is not normally consumed as a food by itself and is not normally used as a typical ingredient of the food, whether or not it has nutritive value, and the intentional addition of which to food for a technological purpose (including organoleptic purposes) in the production, manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food results, or may reasonably be expected to result, in it or its derivatives becoming a component of such foods or otherwise affecting their characteristics. This definition does not include "contaminants" or substances added to food for maintaining or improving nutritional qualities.
2.2. Drinking water: Pure and wholesome water available at the point of use in accordance with the requirements of the World Health Organization contained in the latest edition of the "Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality" of the World Health Organization and the Regulation for the Quality of Drinking Water, Executive Decree No. 25991-S.
2.3. Volatile bases: Test for the determination of total volatile basic nitrogen in the muscle of fresh fishery products.
2.4. Contaminant: Any chemical or biological agent, foreign matter, or other substances not intentionally added to food which may compromise its safety or suitability.
2.5. Eber: Test for the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas in samples of fishery products and by-products.
2.6. Fresh: The newly caught product that has not been subjected to any preservation treatment or has been preserved only by refrigeration.
2.7. Freshness: Property related to the time, temperature, handling, processing, or characteristics of a fishery food.
2.8. Listeria monocytogenes: A genus of Gram-positive, non-sporeforming, motile bacteria that can cause disease in humans when consumed through food.
2.9. Veterinary drug: Any substance applied or administered to any food-producing animal, such as meat or milk producing animals, poultry, aquaculture products, or bees, whether used for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic purposes, or for modification of physiological functions or behavior.
2.10. Nessler: Determination of ammonia in fresh fishery products and by-products.
2.11. Residues: Any foreign substances, including their metabolites, that remain in fishery products and by-products as a consequence of application or accidental exposure.
2.12. Pesticide residues: Any specified substance present in food, agricultural commodities, or animal feed as a result of the use of a pesticide. The term includes any derivative of a pesticide, such as preservation products, metabolites, reaction products, and impurities.
2.13. Maximum residue limit: The level of residue of an authorized chemical substance in products intended for human consumption set by the competent official body.
2.14. Visible parasite: A parasite or group of parasites whose dimension, color, or texture are easily distinguished from the fish tissues.
2.15. Visual inspection: A non-destructive examination of fishery products, without using means of magnification and under good lighting conditions; if necessary, the examination can be performed by illuminating the lower surface where the fillets are placed for inspection.
3. CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS Fishery products and by-products must comply with the following maximum limits for chemical contaminants. Name of contaminantMaximum limit Mercury:
Fish, except predatory species 0.5 mg/kg Predatory fish (such as shark, swordfish, tuna, pike and others)1.0 mg/kg Total cadmium (in shrimp, lobster, and crab) 1 mg/kg Total lead (in shrimp, lobster, and crab) 1.5 mg/kg Inorganic arsenic 1 mg/kg Sulfites expressed as SO2100 mg/kg 4. PESTICIDE RESIDUES Raw fresh or frozen fishery products and by-products must comply with the following limits for pesticide residues:
Pesticide name Limit* Polychlorinated biphenyls Not detectable Aldrin and dieldrin Not detectable Chlordane Not detectable DDT, TDE, DDE Not detectable Heptachlor Not detectable Mirex Not detectable *Gas chromatography method. Reference: JAOAC 66,969 (1983).
5. VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES Fishery products and by-products must comply with the following maximum limits for veterinary drugs:
Veterinary drug name Maximum limit AntibioticsAbsence in edible tissue 6. FRESHNESS CHARACTERISTICS Fishery products and by-products must comply with the following freshness characteristics:
6.1. The pH must not be greater than 7 units in fish and is allowed up to 7.5 in crustaceans; this parameter will be evaluated together with the freshness variables (7.2, 7.3, and 8).
6.2. The Nessler test will be negative.
6.3. The Eber test will be negative.
6.4. Histamine maximum 50 mg/kg 7. FRESHNESS GRADES Fishery products and by-products are classified into the following freshness grades according to the volatile base content:
Volatile bases (%)Freshness grade 5 to less than 10 Very fresh 10 to less than 20Fresh 20 to less than 30Of low freshness 30 to 40 Unfit for consumption 8. MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS Fishery products and by-products must comply with the following maximum permitted microbiological counts.
Fresh and frozen fishMaximum permitted count cfu/g Total count 5 x 105 Escherichia coli 1 x 102 Total coliforms 1 x 103 Staphylococcus aureus1 x 103 Thermonuclease (positive)Negative Negative counts Listeria monocytogenes Negative Salmonella sp Absence in 25 grams Vibrio cholerae Negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus Negative Frozen raw crustaceans Maximum permitted count cfu/g Total count 5 x 106 Escherichia coli 1 x 102 Total coliforms 103 Staphylococcus aureus1 x 103 Thermonuclease (positive)Negative Negative counts Listeria monocytogenes Negative Salmonella sp Absence in 25 grams Vibrio cholerae Negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus Negative 9. WATER The water used in fishery product processing plants, in addition to meeting the characteristics established in the Regulation for the Quality of Drinking Water, Executive Decree No. 25991-S, must comply with supplementary microbiological tests in accordance with the criteria set forth below:
Salmonella Not acceptable Staphylococcus aureusNot acceptable Streptococcus fecalisNot acceptable Sulfite-reducing clostridiaNot acceptable 10. PARASITES Visual inspection of a representative number of samples will be conducted to determine the presence of parasites in susceptible fish species. The visual inspection of eviscerated fish, fillets, and viscera will be conducted by trained personnel. When evisceration is performed manually, the inspection will be carried out at the same time as evisceration and washing. In the case of mechanical evisceration, a representative sampling will be performed, which shall not be less than ten fish per lot. Fillets will be inspected after filleting, during the final trimming operations. If the fillets are very large, a sampling plan must be established; small fillets may be examined by illuminating their lower surface.
11. INTERPRETATION The values for Volatile Nitrogenous Bases, Eber Reaction, Nessler Reaction, and pH will be interpreted jointly by the veterinarian.
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY Codex Alimentarius Commission, Proposed Draft Recommended International Code of Practice for Aquaculture Products CX/FFP 98/8. Ceti Traslations & Publications Services. Guía de Control y Riesgos para los Productos de la Pesca. First Edition, September 1996. Council Directives of the European Union 91/493, 93/140.