1552 of April 23, 1953, are hereby amended to read as follows:
"Article 1.- The Central Bank of Costa Rica is an autonomous institution of public law, destined to fulfill the purposes and carry out the operations prescribed by this law and related laws. It must also contribute to the achievement of the goals of the National Development Plan in the application of its general policies." "Article 2.- The Central Bank of Costa Rica forms part of the National Banking System, has its own legal personality and independence in administrative matters. It is subject to the law in matters of governance and must act in close collaboration with the Executive Branch, coordinating its efforts and activities. Decisions on the functions placed under its competence may only emanate from its Board of Directors and shall be its exclusive responsibility." "Article 4.- The Central Bank of Costa Rica shall promote the orderly development of the Costa Rican economy with the purpose of achieving the full employment of the nation's productive resources, seeking to avoid or moderate inflationist or deflationist tendencies that may arise in the monetary and credit market. It shall seek to maintain the external stability of the national currency and ensure its convertibility, while at the same time ensuring the proper use of the nation's international monetary reserves (reservas monetarias) for the achievement of these essential conditions of general economic stability. The Central Bank of Costa Rica is obligated to avoid the inactivity of the means of production when this is caused by a lack of timely credit and to promote the gradual diversification of national production towards those goods that strengthen the country's balance of payments." "Article 22.- The Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Costa Rica shall be composed of seven members, in the following manner:
1.- The Minister of Finance.
2.- The Director of the Planning Office (OFIPLAN).
3.- Five persons of recognized experience in banking matters, with knowledge in monetary matters, or with knowledge and experience in problems related to national production, appointed by the Governing Council. At least two of them must hold a recognized university degree in Economic Sciences or in Law.
The Governing Council shall appoint the Executive Branch officials who will substitute for the directors mentioned in subsections 1) and 2) during their temporary absences.
Likewise, the Governing Council, at the request of the Board of Directors, may make interim appointments to substitute for the members indicated in subsection 3) of this article, when they are justifiably unable to attend sessions for periods not less than one month nor greater than one year." "Article 24.- The following may not be appointed as members of the Board of Directors:
- 1)Persons who, during the year prior to their appointment, have been sued in executive proceedings by any of the banks of the National Banking System, for the collection of their own unsatisfied credits, or who have been declared bankrupt or insolvent.
- 2)Those who are linked to each other by consanguinity or affinity up to the third degree inclusive, or who belong to the same general partnership or limited liability company, or who form part of the same board of directors of a joint-stock company. When, after their appointments, one of these incapacities arises, the appointment of the youngest member shall expire." "Article 25.- The position of member of the Board of Directors is incompatible with:
- 1)The members and employees of the Supreme Branches of Government, with the exception of the Ministry of Finance, the Director of the Planning Office, the officials who substitute for them in their temporary absences, and those holding temporary unpaid positions.
- 2)The managers, legal representatives, and employees of the Bank itself.
- 3)The directors, managers, legal representatives, or employees of any other bank.
- 4)Those who, during the three previous years, have been members of the board of directors or governing board of private financial companies, or who, at the date of their appointment, have parents, spouses, or children with that status.
- 5)The shareholders or officials of those companies.
When, after their appointments, the prior existence of one of these incapacities is verified, the appointment as a member of the Board shall expire." "Article 26.- The elective members of the Board of Directors referred to in subsection 3) of article 22 above shall be appointed by the Governing Council, for terms of eight years starting from June 1 of the year in which the presidential term referred to in article 134 of the Political Constitution begins; their appointments must be made in the last fifteen days of May of the same year.
Any of the members of the Board of Directors may be re-elected.
In the case of substitution of directors due to justified removal, resignation, death, or any other cause, the appointment shall be made within the following fifteen days from the date the position became vacant." "Article 33.- So that the State Commercial Banks can make their opinions heard in the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Costa Rica on matters of their particular or general interest, each of them may accredit a delegate before said Board. The bank delegates shall have a voice but no vote, and may, however, when they deem it necessary, record in the respective minutes their opinions on the matters being debated. If for any reason the banks do not appoint such delegates, this shall not constitute an impediment or obstacle to the performance of the functions of the Board of Directors." "Article 40.- The aforementioned officials shall be appointed for a term of six years and may be re-elected; they shall have lifetime tenure (inamovibles), except in the event that, in the judgment of the Board and after a prior inquiry, it is shown that they are not fulfilling their task, or that any legal liability is declared against them.
The removal of the manager and the deputy manager may only be agreed upon with the vote of five members of the Board." "Article 62, subsections 1), 2), 4), 5), 6) and 10):
- 1)Rediscount for the State Commercial Banks credit documents that meet all the formalities required by law, giving preference to those from companies with national capital and originating in the production of goods and services that strengthen the nation's international monetary reserves (reservas monetarias), or increase the production of goods essential for domestic consumption.
Said documents must come from operations related to:
- a)The production and processing of agricultural, livestock, or industrial products; b) The import, their transportation within the national territory, or the provision of services that generate foreign exchange for the country; and c) The storage of agricultural, livestock, or industrial products, or of import or export merchandise, provided that said products or merchandise are duly insured against ordinary risks.
The maturity of these operations may not exceed three years in the case of item a) and one year in items b) and c), calculated from the date of the rediscount by the Central Bank of Costa Rica.
- 2)Grant the Rural Credit Department of the National Bank of Costa Rica loans with maturity terms not exceeding one year, destined exclusively for the financing of credit operations carried out by the Rural Credit Boards Section that meet all the formalities required by law, and that are in the department's portfolio for those operations, provided that the total amount of outstanding loans of this type does not exceed 80% of the total current amount of said credit operations.
This last circumstance must be certified by the manager of the said Bank and verified by the General Auditor of Banks.
This same type of loans may also be granted to the other State Banks, under the same conditions, for financing their operations to small farmers, provided that they have the characteristics of the operations to small [farmers] of the operations of the Rural Boards Section of the National Bank of Costa Rica, with their classification, in case of doubt, being at the discretion of the General Auditor of Banks.
- 4)Grant loans to the State Commercial Banks, with a maturity term not exceeding 90 days, in emergency periods that directly threaten the monetary or banking stability of the country, with the guarantee of any other assets that the Board temporarily includes among the acceptable guarantees. The resolution on special guarantees must be adopted by the favorable vote of at least five of its members.
- 5)Grant loans to the State Commercial Banks, with resources from loans obtained abroad, for a term that may not exceed that of the respective loan, and with the guarantees and under the other conditions determined by the Board of Directors. In special cases, in the judgment of the same Board and with the favorable vote of no less than five of its members, the Central Bank of Costa Rica may, from its own resources, advance funds to the State Commercial Banks, which will be duly replaced with those from abroad.
- 6)Grant loans to the State Commercial Banks, in qualified cases in the judgment of the Board of Directors with the favorable vote of no less than five of its members and with the term and other conditions it sets in each case, as advances on loans obtained by them abroad or so that they in turn make advances to State institutions on loans contracted by them abroad, provided that the opinion of the Central Bank of Costa Rica referred to in article 122 of its Organic Law has been favorable to the negotiation of the foreign loan in question.
- 10)Buy, sell, and hold as an investment, with the character of open market operations, first-class securities, of absolute security and liquidity, and of normal and current transaction in the market, as well as Treasury Bills, issued in accordance with the law, provided that these are not purchased to pay other Treasury Bills held by the Central Bank of Costa Rica, which may never have placed in its portfolio more than one-twelfth of the total with the favorable vote of no less than five of its members, shall determine the form, conditions, and amount of operations of this nature, as well as, with the same vote, the class of securities with which it will operate and the requirements they must meet for their acceptance by the Central Bank of Costa Rica." "Article 71, subsection 1):
- 1)Negotiate credit documents against the Government of the Republic and the municipalities, except Treasury Bills and those acquired in open market operations. The total of Treasury Bills that the Central Bank of Costa Rica may negotiate shall not at any time exceed one-twelfth of the total expenditures of the current Ordinary General Budget of the Republic. Treasury Bills may not be purchased to pay other Treasury Bills held by the Central Bank of Costa Rica." "Article 85.- In credit matters, the Board of Directors shall have the following powers:
- 1)Regulate the credit operations of banking institutions, public and private, in a general and uniform manner, for which it may set:
- a)The maximum interest and discount rates that banks may charge their debtors, as well as the maximum charges collectible for commissions or other concepts.
- b)The maximum credit limits that banks may grant to each natural or legal person, in accordance with the nature of the guarantees, in each of the modalities of their operations and in aggregate across all of them, this last limit in no case being able to exceed 15% of the capital and reserves of the banks, except in very qualified cases where it may be extended up to 25%. The limits referred to in the previous subsection are not applicable to the guarantees and payment bonds that the Commercial Banks grant abroad to the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) and to the operations that the Cooperative Development Department of the National Bank of Costa Rica authorizes with funds from loans obtained abroad. It is understood that external credit operations must have the prior approval of the Central Bank of Costa Rica, which shall also set the exception limits in the mentioned cases of the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) and the Cooperative Development Department of the National Bank of Costa Rica.
- c)The minimum safety margins that must exist between the amount of the credits granted by the Commercial Banks and the real value of their corresponding guarantees.
- d)The maximum terms that the Commercial Banks may grant for the reimbursement of their credit operations.
- 2)Approve the credit programs of the State institutions not contemplated in subsection 1) above, in the part that refers to their operations with the public, or disapprove them if the Central Bank of Costa Rica verifies that such programs are not in accordance with its general policy, because the resources destined for that purpose do not bear a proper relationship to the projected term for the credits. The Bank's resolution must be reasoned with the thoroughness required by the case. For these purposes, the mentioned institutions are obligated to present their annual credit plans to the Central Bank of Costa Rica, no later than December 1 of the previous year.
- 3)Exercise, in accordance with the law, the functions of regulation and supervision of private non-banking companies, whose main activity is the granting of direct loans to the public." "Article 97.- In the event that the amount of the international monetary reserves (reservas monetarias internacionales) held by the National System falls to levels that, in the judgment of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Costa Rica, are dangerous for the stability and external convertibility of the colón, the Board may, with the vote of no less than five of its members and provided that the Governing Council pronounces in favor, [restrict] the use of said reserves to the payment of essential or indispensable imports and services that may reasonably be covered with them. The respective agreement, as well as its reasons and the form of application, must be brought to the knowledge of the Legislative Assembly as soon as possible. The list of imports and services may be modified at the exclusive discretion of the Board, in accordance with the regulations issued by the Bank for this purpose. The imports and services not included in the official exchange market must be covered with foreign currency acquired in the free market.
Also, the Central Bank of Costa Rica, in cases of emergency, may issue quantitative and qualitative controls on imports, as well as request the Executive Branch, which is hereby authorized to do so freely, to set official prices for imported products. To establish these controls, the favorable vote of at least five members of its Board of Directors and the approval of the Governing Council are required. Once this is obtained, the Central Bank of Costa Rica shall prepare the corresponding regulations." "Article 98.- The regime referred to in the previous article shall disappear and all imports and services shall continue to be paid with foreign currency from the official exchange market, when so resolved by the Board of Directors, with the vote of no less than five of its members, considering that the balance of payments has regained its equilibrium." Article Tab