a. Stormwater (Aguas pluviales): Runoff water originating from precipitation, which flows through ravines (barrancos), gutters (caños), sewers, or watercourses (ramblas) and empties into the river or stormwater network.
b. Storm sewer (Alcantarillado pluvial): A public or private network of pipes used to collect and transport rainwater to its discharge point into a receiving body.
c. Protection areas (Áreas de protección): Refers to Article 33 of the Forest Law (Ley Forestal) of Costa Rica. "The following are declared protection areas: a) Areas bordering permanent springs (nacientes permanentes), defined within a radius of one hundred meters measured horizontally. b) A strip of fifteen meters in rural areas and ten meters in urban areas, measured horizontally on both sides, on the banks of rivers, streams (quebradas), or brooks (arroyos), if the land is flat, and fifty horizontal meters, if the land is steep. c) A zone of fifty meters measured horizontally on the banks of natural lakes and reservoirs and on artificial lakes or reservoirs constructed by the State and its institutions. Private artificial lakes and reservoirs are exempted. d) Recharge areas and aquifers of springs, whose limits shall be determined by the competent bodies established in the regulation of this law." d. Tributary areas (Áreas tributarias): An area of the earth's surface where raindrops falling on it tend to be drained toward a single point.
e. Public domain watercourse (Cauce de dominio público): This consists of rivers and their direct or indirect tributaries, brooks, or springs, from the point where the first permanent waters emerge to their mouth in the sea or lakes, lagoons (lagunas), or estuaries (esteros).
f. Flow rate (Caudal): The quantity of water flowing through any natural or artificial conduit per unit of time, usually measured in liters per second or cubic meters per second.
g. Maximum instantaneous flow rate or peak flow (Caudal máximo instantáneo o caudal pico): The highest flow rate value recorded, or inferred from a hydrograph, during a storm.
h. Runoff coefficient (Coeficiente de escorrentía): The percentage of water, from the total rainfall, that runs off over the ground without being retained by any external element, such as vegetation or soil. It is expressed as a fraction of 1.
i. Manning coefficient (Coeficiente de Manning): An index that determines the resistance of a flow in a channel.
j. Hydrographic basin (Cuenca hidrográfica): An area defined by topography that channels surface water produced by rainfall and carries it to a specific river or stream.
k. Receiving body (Cuerpo receptor): A surface water body into which treated wastewater or stormwater is discharged.
l. Stormwater outfall (Desfogue pluvial): Authorization granted by the Municipality to channel stormwater from a property towards a receiving body.
m. Stormwater detention (Detención pluvial): The practice of collecting water for temporary storage with the intention of releasing it later. Detention systems do not retain a significant permanent reserve of water between runoff events.
n. Landslide (Deslizamiento): Downslope movement of layers of soil or rock resulting from the existence of zones of lower resistance or weak zones within a soil or rock mass.
o. Erosion (Erosión): A process of dislocation and transport of soil particles to another location by the continuous action of some erosive agent, chemical or mechanical, such as water, wind, or others.
p. Hydrograph (Hidrograma): A graphical representation showing the variation in flow rate at a specific section of a river or stream over a period.
q. Hyetograph (Hietograma): A graphical representation showing the distribution of rainfall intensity over time.
r. Building footprint (Huella constructiva): Any construction area measured in plan view that modifies the degree of impermeability of the existing soil on a property.
s. Rainfall intensity (Intensidad de la lluvia): The amount of rain precipitated in a given time period. Usually measured in millimeters per hour (mm/h).
t. Detention ponds (Lagunas de detención): An adaptation of flood control reservoirs, with elements allowing their use in urban areas. Detention ponds are designed to empty completely after a relatively short period once the storm has passed, and therefore they are empty or dry most of the time.
u. Return period of a storm (Período de recurrencia de una tormenta): A statistical determination of the period in years expected to elapse before a storm or flow rate of very similar characteristics occurs again. A storm with a given return period does not necessarily generate a flow rate with the same period, as the basin's response is variable.
v. River network (Red fluvial): The course of rivers, brooks, lakes, lagoons, and other watercourses within a canton, province, or country.
w. Building setback (Retiro de construcción): Demarcates the building limit allowed within the property.
x. Constituted stormwater easement (Servidumbre pluvial constituida): A real right allowing a property to receive stormwater that naturally runs off from another property, either due to pre-existing topographical conditions or because established by law or an agreement between owners.
y. Stormwater detention system (Sistema de detención pluvial): Works characterized by temporarily storing runoff and discharging it in a measured manner into a receiving water body or into a storm sewer.
z. Mixed stormwater detention systems (Sistemas mixtos de detención pluvial): A combination of techniques for capture, temporary storage, infiltration, controlled discharge, and reuse of rainwater.
aa. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (Sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible, SUDS): Stormwater management and urban planning techniques aimed at mimicking hydrological processes in urban development, controlling runoff in the urban landscape to reduce the quantity of final discharge water and improve the quality of water discharged to the natural environment.
bb. Scour (Socavación): A process of progressive erosion at the base of a slope (talud) or hillside caused by water or wind. This phenomenon can occur in drainage systems due to water filtration and migration of fine soil particles.
cc. Detention tanks (Tanques de detención): Similar to detention ponds in terms of function, these are closed structures and can be built in concrete (prefabricated or cast in place (coladas en sitio)), plastic materials, or by means of a pipe package where the required volume is contained.
These tanks can be built both above ground and underground.
dd. Time of concentration of the basin (Tiempo de concentración de la cuenca): The time it takes for the rainwater precipitated in the most remote part of the basin to travel to a specific point within it.
ee. Storm (Tormenta): An extreme rainfall event characterized by intense precipitation.
ff. Catch basins or drains (Tragantes o sumideros): Structures whose primary function is the capture of rainwater transported by surface conveyance elements (gutters (caños), ditches (cunetas), channels, fords (vados), among others) to transfer it to the underground pipe network.
gg. Green areas (Zonas verdes): Open, grassed or tree-planted areas for communal public use, intended for recreation.