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Res. 01287-2015 Tribunal Agrario · Tribunal Agrario · 17/12/2015
OutcomeResultado
The Agrarian Tribunal reverses the denial and grants the possessory information petition, ordering registration of the land in the petitioners' names by special agrarian usucapion and cancellation of the registered corporate title.El Tribunal Agrario revoca la sentencia denegatoria y declara con lugar el proceso de información posesoria, ordenando inscribir la finca a nombre de los promoventes por usucapión especial agraria y cancelar la inscripción de la sociedad titular registral.
SummaryResumen
The Agrarian Tribunal overturns the lower court's denial of a possessory information proceeding and instead grants the petition, ordering the registration of the property in the petitioners' names and the cancellation of the registered corporate owner's title. The tribunal holds that under Article 92 of the Land and Colonization Law, precarious possessors who have exercised ten-year possession out of a state of necessity—even on lands registered to third parties—may obtain title through the possessory information procedure (special agrarian usucapion or usucapion contra tabulas). It analyzes and upholds the administrative declaration of a precarious possession conflict issued by the former IDA, as well as the testimonial and documentary evidence, finding that the petitioners proved their state of necessity, public, peaceful, uninterrupted possession for over ten years, and the agrarian use of the land. The court stresses that this mechanism requires neither good faith nor a title deed, and that applying special usucapion results in substitution, not double ownership.El Tribunal Agrario revoca la sentencia de primera instancia que denegó una información posesoria y, en su lugar, declara con lugar el proceso, ordenando la inscripción de la propiedad a nombre de los promoventes y la cancelación de la inscripción de la sociedad titular registral. El tribunal determina que, conforme al artículo 92 de la Ley de Tierras y Colonización, los poseedores en precario que hayan ejercido posesión decenal por estado de necesidad —aun sobre fincas inscritas a nombre de terceros— pueden titular su derecho mediante el procedimiento de información posesoria (usucapión especial agraria o contra tabulas). Se analiza y valida la declaratoria administrativa de conflicto de posesión precaria emitida por el entonces IDA, la prueba testimonial y demás requisitos, concluyendo que los promoventes acreditaron el estado de necesidad, la posesión pública, pacífica e ininterrumpida por más de diez años, y el destino agrario del inmueble. El tribunal enfatiza que este mecanismo no exige buena fe ni título traslativo de dominio, y que al operar la usucapión especial no se produce una doble titularidad sino una sustitución del propietario registral.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Article 92 of the Land and Colonization Law (…) insofar as relevant provides: "Precarious possessors who have held ten-year possession under the conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph may register their right in accordance with the provisions of this law and through the possessory information proceeding; however, once involved in the resolution of a conflict arising from the precarious possession of lands, they shall be subject to the provisions of the final paragraph of Article 101 of this law; those who do not have ten-year possession shall assert their rights under the provisions of this Chapter." This legal provision expressly refers to the process regulated by the Possessory Information Law (a non-contentious procedural activity) in cases of persons holding precarious possession who, out of a state of necessity, have performed stable and effective acts of possession exercised peacefully, publicly, and uninterruptedly for more than one year in order to place into productive conditions a parcel registered in the name of a third party for the subsistence needs of themselves and their family. Therefore, this Tribunal does not share the statements made in the appealed judgment to the effect that even in cases of persons holding precarious possession of land who resort to the possessory information proceeding, they must prove that the parcel is not registered. It is pertinent to note that the institution of special agrarian usucapion has its legal basis in the article transcribed above, whose grounds and requirements are the demonstration by the usucaptor of a state of necessity and the exercise of uninterrupted, public, and peaceful possession for a ten-year period, without requiring good faith or a title deed.El artículo 92 de la Ley de Tierras y Colonización (…) en lo que interesa prescribe: "Los poseedores en precario que tengan posesión decenal en las condiciones enunciadas en el párrafo anterior, podrán inscribir su derecho de acuerdo con lo establecido en esta ley y por el procedimiento de información posesoria; pero una vez involucrados en la resolución de un conflicto motivado por la posesión precaria de tierras, quedarán sujetos a lo dispuesto en el párrafo final del artículo 101 de esta ley; los que no tuvieren la posesión decenal, reclamarán sus derechos conforme a las disposiciones de este Capítulo". Esa norma legal, en forma expresa remite al proceso regulado por la Ley de Informaciones Posesorias (actividad procesal no contenciosa) en casos de personas poseedoras en precario que por estado de necesidad realizado actos estables y efectivos de posesión ejercida en condiciones de pacifidad, publicidad y de forma ininterrumpida por más de un año a fin de poner en condiciones de producción un fundo inscrito a nombre de una tercera persona para suplir las necesidades de subsistencia propias y de su núcleo familiar. Por lo que no comparte este Tribunal las afirmaciones vertidas en la sentencia apelada, referidas a que aún en casos de personas poseedoras en precario de tierras que acudan al proceso de información posesoria, deben acreditar que el fundo de su interés no se encuentra inscrito. Resulta pertinente citar que el instituto de la usucapión especial agraria tiene su fundamento legal en el artículo transcrito supra, cuyos fundamentos y presupuestos son la demostración de la persona usucapiente del estado de necesidad y del ejercicio de la posesión ininterrumpida, pública y pacífica por un período decenal, sin que le sean requerida la buena fe, ni el título traslativo de dominio.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Para que se declare con lugar la usucapión especial agraria se debe demostrar un estado de necesidad, haber realizado actos de posesión estables y efectivos, como dueño, en forma pacífica, pública e ininterrumpida, por más de un año, y con el propósito de ponerlo en condiciones de producción para su subsistencia o la de su familia; que el terreno poseído se encuentre debidamente inscrito a nombre de una tercera persona en el Registro Público y que dichas condiciones se cumplan en el transcurso de diez años."
"For special agrarian usucapion to be granted, a state of necessity must be shown, along with having performed stable and effective acts of possession as an owner, peacefully, publicly, and uninterruptedly, for more than one year, with the purpose of placing it into productive conditions for one's own subsistence or that of one's family; that the possessed land is duly registered in the name of a third party in the Public Registry, and that these conditions are met over ten years."
Considerando VI
"Para que se declare con lugar la usucapión especial agraria se debe demostrar un estado de necesidad, haber realizado actos de posesión estables y efectivos, como dueño, en forma pacífica, pública e ininterrumpida, por más de un año, y con el propósito de ponerlo en condiciones de producción para su subsistencia o la de su familia; que el terreno poseído se encuentre debidamente inscrito a nombre de una tercera persona en el Registro Público y que dichas condiciones se cumplan en el transcurso de diez años."
Considerando VI
"No comparte este Tribunal las afirmaciones vertidas en la sentencia apelada, referidas a que aún en casos de personas poseedoras en precario de tierras que acudan al proceso de información posesoria, deben acreditar que el fundo de su interés no se encuentra inscrito."
"This Tribunal does not share the statements in the appealed judgment to the effect that even in cases of precarious possessors who resort to the possessory information proceeding, they must prove that the parcel is not registered."
Considerando VI
"No comparte este Tribunal las afirmaciones vertidas en la sentencia apelada, referidas a que aún en casos de personas poseedoras en precario de tierras que acudan al proceso de información posesoria, deben acreditar que el fundo de su interés no se encuentra inscrito."
Considerando VI
"En casos como el presente no se produce una doble titularidad del fundo, sino una sustitución del titular registral por haber ocurrido la usucapión especial agraria, es decir se extingue el derecho de propiedad de la persona titular precedente."
"In cases such as this, there is no double ownership of the property, but rather a substitution of the registered owner because special agrarian usucapion has occurred, meaning the property right of the preceding owner is extinguished."
Considerando VIII
"En casos como el presente no se produce una doble titularidad del fundo, sino una sustitución del titular registral por haber ocurrido la usucapión especial agraria, es decir se extingue el derecho de propiedad de la persona titular precedente."
Considerando VIII
Full documentDocumento completo
RESULTANDO
Drafted by Judge Castro García; and,
CONSIDERANDOS
I- Regarding the appellant's request in their appeal for a hearing, this Chamber deems it unnecessary at this juncture, as the grievances have been set forth and there are sufficient evidentiary elements in the record to resolve the filed appeal.
II- Proven facts. The first proven fact of the judgment is endorsed, as it has evidentiary support in the record giving it foundation, adding the following detail of the land: Property described in the registry under registration number [Placa1] of the province of San José. Located in Pozos, [Address6], [Address7] ninth of the province of San José. Nature: land for building a garden, agriculture, and fruit trees. With a registered area of six thousand two hundred ninety meters and six square decimeters. Boundaries according to the registry: to the [Address4], to the south Corrógres River with [Name12] in between, to the east [Address8], and to the west pathway. No plan associated with the registry entry. Fiscal value of two hundred twenty-five thousand colones. Property that has current plan number SJ-17833112-2014 with an area of five thousand five hundred thirty-six square meters. Current boundaries: to the [Address4], to the east [Name8], and to the west Corrogres River.
Valued at four million colones. The seventh fact is adopted as it has evidence providing a probative basis. The second fact is not endorsed as there is evidence in the file demonstrating another factual reality. The third and fourth proven facts are not adopted, as they technically do not correspond to facts but to actions of the procedural guardian appointed for the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A. and the executor of the estate of the adjacent landowner [Name8]. The sixth fact is not adopted, as it corresponds to the description of an expert report from a different proceeding unrelated to the sub judice matter or to actions executed by the judge in this possessory information proceeding. Of importance, the following facts are taken as accredited in this matter by this instance:
III- Unproven facts. The unproven facts of the appealed ruling are not adopted, and of this type, the following is added by this Court: 3) The procedural guardian having filed an ordinary proceeding against the processing of this possessory information proceeding upon being granted the legal period. There is no evidence in this regard.
IV- The appeal filed by the special judicial representative of the promoting persons sets forth grievances against the judgment denying the proceedings they promoted. (See Virtual Desktop of San José, Briefs, File Brief at 10:47:38 p.m. on 09/03/2015). As objections of nonconformity against the ruling, they state literally, in what is relevant: 1) "Lack of proper reasoning, incorrect legal assessment, and incorrect assessment of the evidence to determine the failure to meet the requirements in the possessory information procedure. The lower court judge does not make a comprehensive analysis of the evidence but bases her decision on isolated points that are, in any case, absolutely debatable and insufficient on their own to uphold the contested resolution. A comprehensive and harmonious analysis of the evidence would have allowed a conclusion consistent with the real truth, which is, ultimately, what the agrarian process pursues...
In subsection m, corresponding to the legal analysis, the Judge analyzes a legal point that, in what interests us for the present case, HAS ALREADY BEEN ANALYZED AND DECIDED by the Agrarian Tribunal of the Second Judicial Circuit of San José through ruling number 609 F 04 drafted by Doctor Enrique Ulate Chacón and approved unanimously by the other member judges, which in its considerations 1, 2, and 3 explains and clarifies that IN THIS PROCEEDING these proceedings can and must be heard and taken cognizance of, since the promoters do not have to resort to the declarative proceeding to assert their rights, that the AGRARIAN PROCEEDING IS ABSOLUTELY THE CORRESPONDING AND APPROPRIATE ONE for the matter at hand. In an act of disregard for what has already been discussed and decided by the Hierarchical Superior, the lady Judge in the 'Por tanto' of the judgment contradicts what was established in the aforementioned judgment of the Superior and throughout the entire judgment does not even mention this Ruling.
The judge begins her legal analysis by referring to the normal assumptions of common, general, or typical cases susceptible to being processed through the possessory information proceeding,... It has always been said, and so it has been processed, AS AN ATYPICAL CASE, IT IS A CASE THAT IS PRECISELY CONTEMPLATED BY WAY OF EXCEPTION IN ARTICLE 92 OF THE LEY DE TIERRAS Y COLONIZACIÓN AND THAT CORRESPONDS TO WHAT IN DOCTRINE IS KNOWN AS ADVERSE POSSESSION AGAINST THE REGISTER (USUCAPIÓN CONTRA TABULAS), just as the previously mentioned Ruling of the Superior Court makes very clear. The essential assumptions in the factual species have been met since 1977, according to what the promoter stated, or since 1978 as corroborated by the IDA; in any case, both dates far exceed the required time. Regarding compliance with formal requirements FOR THE ATYPICAL CASE at hand, we see how since 2003, each and every one of the requirements ordered not only by this Court but also by the Agrarian Attorney's Office, which has not spared in requesting even the non-existent, have been met; even so, ALL REQUIREMENTS HAVE BEEN PRESENTED AND ALL ORDERS HAVE BEEN COMPLIED WITH JUST AS CORRESPONDS.
In conclusion, regarding the legal analysis set forth in point III of the appealed judgment, a series of arguments are made regarding requirements and mention of jurisprudence not applicable to the present case, which, I repeat, is known in doctrine as ADVERSE POSSESSION AGAINST THE REGISTER (USUCAPIÓN CONTRA TABULAS).
Faced with this panorama, it is difficult to argue, since from the outset we start from a serious judicial confusion that would render continuing the debate meaningless, because it is clear that the legal concepts and regulatory requirements from which the a quo judge proceeds are incompatible with the reality of the case before us. ... THAT WE ARE FACED WITH AN EXCEPTIONAL CASE, BUT ONE CONTEMPLATED AND REGULATED BY LAW. .. Concretion of the procedural harm caused.... "
* * * * * * * * * * * * VI- Having assessed the case records, grievances, and the appealed judgment, this Court considers that the appellant is correct in their reproaches. Prior to assessing the fulfillment of the requirements of the possessory information under study, it is necessary to make some conceptual clarifications about the object of the filed process. The current Ley de Informaciones Posesorias and its antecedents have had the purpose of providing a registrable title to persons who lack one and who have acquired an unregistered land by usucapion (usucapión). To obtain the title, an ideal possession for usucapion must be proven, in compliance with the related norms of the Civil Code, the Ley de Informaciones Posesorias, in addition to the current environmental regulatory block, among others. The requirement of requesting the issuance of the title over an unregistered farm (finca) is established in Article 1, subsection f) of the Ley de Informaciones Posesorias.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the case under study corresponds to cases of exception regarding that legal requirement that the land not be registered. Article 92 of the Ley de Tierras y Colonización (not repealed with the issuance of Law No. 9036 of May 11, 2012, which expressly indicated that the validity of Chapter VI of Law No. 2825, Regulación de Conflictos entre Propietarios y Poseedores en Precario, and its related regulations, was maintained in all its aspects), in what is relevant, prescribes: " The Institute is the body empowered to intervene in all cases of precarious possession of lands, and shall seek to find a satisfactory solution for them, in accordance with the provisions established by this law. For the purposes of this law, a precarious possessor (poseedor en precario) shall be understood as anyone who, out of necessity, performs stable and effective acts of possession, as owner, in a peaceful, public, and uninterrupted manner, for more than one year, and with the purpose of putting it in conditions of production for their subsistence or that of their family, on land duly registered in the name of a third party in the Public Registry.
Precarious possessors (poseedores en precario) who have ten-year possession under the conditions stated in the preceding paragraph may register their right in accordance with the provisions of this law and through the possessory information proceeding; but once involved in the resolution of a conflict motivated by the precarious possession of lands, they shall be subject to the provisions of the final paragraph of Article 101 of this law; those who do not have the ten-year possession shall claim their rights in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter (As amended by Article 1 of Law No. 3336 of July 31, 1964 ). This legal norm expressly refers to the process regulated by the Ley de Informaciones Posesorias (non-contentious procedural activity) in cases of precarious possessors (poseedores en precario) who, due to a state of necessity, performed stable and effective acts of possession exercised in conditions of peacefulness, publicity, and in an uninterrupted manner for more than one year, in order to put a piece of land (fundo) registered in the name of a third person into production conditions to meet their own subsistence needs and those of their family nucleus.
Therefore, this Court does not share the statements made in the appealed judgment, referring to the fact that even in cases of precarious land possessors who resort to the possessory information process, they must prove that the piece of land (fundo) of their interest is not registered. It is pertinent to cite that the institute of special agrarian usucapion has its legal foundation in the article transcribed supra, whose foundations and budgets are the demonstration by the person usucapting of the state of necessity and the exercise of uninterrupted, public, and peaceful possession for a ten-year period, without good faith or a deed transferring ownership (título traslativo de dominio) being required. In this regard, the First Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, in judgment number 172 of nine hours fifty-five minutes of March four, two thousand eight, resolved: "Based on this claim, it is necessary to make some general considerations regarding the modes of acquiring property by adverse possession, in agrarian matters.
Thus, it will be necessary to distinguish between common usucapion and special usucapion, both provided for by this branch of law. The former requires compliance with the requirements demanded by the Civil Code, due to the absence of specific agrarian legislation; that is: a deed transferring ownership (título traslativo de dominio), good faith, and possession. Thus, whoever files an agrarian lawsuit of this nature must demonstrate the exercise of possession as owner, in a public, peaceful, and uninterrupted manner for a period of 10 years. It is distinguished from civil adverse possession processes, in that the possession transcends the simple occupation of the piece of land (fundo), since it implies agrarian possessory acts, aimed at cultivating and improving the property that is intended to be usucapted. For its part, special agrarian usucapion is provided for in the Ley de Tierras y Colonización, whose foundation is found in precarious possession, due to the need to exploit the agrarian piece of land (fundo), as a means of subsistence for oneself or the family nucleus.
Thus, Article 92 of that body of law establishes: 'For the purposes of this law, a precarious possessor (poseedor en precario) shall be understood as anyone who, out of necessity, performs stable and effective acts of possession, as owner, in a peaceful, public, and uninterrupted manner, for more than one year, and with the purpose of putting it in conditions of production for their subsistence or that of their family, on land duly registered in the name of a third party in the Public Registry. Precarious possessors who have ten-year possession under the conditions stated in the preceding paragraph may register their right in accordance with the provisions of this law and through the possessory information proceeding...'. For its part, Article 101 of the same regulatory body states: '...for the purposes of the adverse possession that this article deals with, the deed transferring ownership (título traslativo de dominio) required by the Civil Code shall not be necessary'.
As this Chamber has indicated, the precarious possession of lands constitutes a modality of agrarian possession, which as such consists of the de facto power, over a property of a productive nature, whose registered ownership corresponds to a third party, and which is exercised in a continuous, effective, and personal manner, through the development of an economically organized activity for the obtaining of animal or vegetable products, whose ultimate purpose is to satisfy one's own needs or those of one's family. In this, therefore, food necessity and agrarian family work prevail. Its subjective and objective requirements have different connotations. The simple intention to possess is not required; it must be in an effective, direct, and personal form, to satisfy the stated needs. Hence, for it to operate, the existence of good or bad faith is not determinative, as this element is substituted by necessity.
As ordered by law in this special case, the deed transferring ownership (título traslativo de dominio) is not required. The most important effect of precarious possession is the acquisition of agrarian property through ten-year possession, that is, agrarian usucapion. On the other hand, when the presuppositions of a state of necessity, referred to in the aforementioned Articles 92 and 101 of the Ley de Tierras y Colonización, are not met, one is facing a common agrarian usucapion, which has a legal regime different from the special agrarian usucapion regulated by that law." In accordance with the foregoing, for the special agrarian usucapion to be granted, one must demonstrate a state of necessity, having performed stable and effective acts of possession, as owner, in a peaceful, public, and uninterrupted manner, for more than one year, and with the purpose of putting it in conditions of production for their subsistence or that of their family; that the possessed land is duly registered in the name of a third person in the Public Registry; and that said conditions are met over the course of ten years." For such reasons, the grievance of the appellant regarding the application of Article 92 of the Ley de Tierras y Colonización is upheld, as to the possibility of resorting to the possessory information proceeding to request the registration of their property right if they demonstrate all the legal presuppositions, and this logically entails the deregistration of the farm in the name of its original registered owner. It is of utmost importance to note that the promoting party, upon filing the process under study, expressly stated in their initial filing (fol.
17 of the scanned physical file), brought this action in his capacity as possessor over the property registered in the name of the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A, and that the then IDA declared the conflict of precarious possession of lands. Statements that, in light of the second paragraph of Article 3 of the Law of Possessory Information, were made under the gravity of oath. Another relevant aspect to consider is that the original petitioner correctly invoked the grounds and used the exceptional process permitted by law to request the registration in his name of a property registered in the name of a third party. Submitting to the fulfillment of the conditions inherent to the prerequisites demanded by Article 92 of Law N.2825 and the requirements of the Law of Possessory Information, the Law of Use, Management and Conservation of Soils, as well as cadastral and territorial planning regulations. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * VII- The possessory information process establishes legal deadlines to oppose and refer the process to the contentious jurisdiction.
Whose purpose is to grant persons who consider themselves affected by the process the opportunity to oppose. This is established by Article 8 of the Law of Possessory Information. In the case under study, the curator appointed for the company that appears as the registered titleholder of the land, although he opposed within this process, when granted the 30-day period to file an ordinary proceeding against the party promoting this process, did not comply with filing that proceeding to challenge this possessory information. In this regard, in a resolution of 07:46 hours on September 6, 2011, the curator of the company that is the registered titleholder of the property was granted a one-month period to file the corresponding ordinary proceeding (f. 532 in the scanned physical file) and by a subsequent resolution of 08:09 hours on October 24, 2011, it was ordered to resume the proceeding of the process by virtue of not having complied with the filing of the cited ordinary proceeding (f. 535 scanned physical file).
For its part, the adjoining Succession that, upon appearing, filed a Nullity Incident whose purpose was that its land is adjacent to that which is the object of this process and not with whom was notified, desisted from its incident and expressly manifested its conformity with the continuation of this process. (regarding the brief of desistance and conformity on folio 503 and the order having the incident desisted and the adjoining party notified on folio 507, both in the scanned physical file). Therefore, the appellant is correct when indicating that there was no opposition to the process and that the arguments put forth by both parties should not be considered as such given what has been cited. * * * * * * * * * * * * * VIII- Having set forth the foregoing, this Court will proceed to study the evidence provided by the promoting party in order to determine if its claim that the property registered under folio number [Placa1] of San [Nombre16] be registered in the name of Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A. to its own name and that the registration of that company be canceled, is appropriate.
Within that assessment, the relevance of the grievances referring to the legal value given to the declaration of conflict of precarious possession in favor of [Nombre1] and the utility of the testimonial statements collected in this process will be analyzed. It is observed that this process began in the year 2003 by the original petitioner [Nombre1], who identified himself in the initial brief (f. 15 of the then physical file) as of legal age, widower, farmer, and resident of Pozos de Santa Ana. He files the process based on Articles 92, 101 and concordant of the Law of Lands and Colonization N. 139 in relation to Article 470 of the Civil Code. In the first fact, he describes the property subject to the proceedings as registered in the name of Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A., legal identification number CED11, under folio number [Placa5] of San [Nombre16] under volume 1720, folios 362 and 92, [Dirección10], with a nature of garden, fruit trees, and house.
Registered measure of 6,290.06 square meters, but with a real measure according to the plan of 5,924.74 square meters. He cites, it supports an easement (servidumbre) registrally although materially it does not exist and he has held it in possession for 26 years. He affirms in the third fact, he acquired possession in 1977 when he moved with his family to the land upon learning it was abandoned, requiring a place to live with his family. He describes, upon taking possession the property was in a state of abandonment and without fences, and he took charge from that moment developing various crops, possessing animals, installing water and electricity services, erecting a building that served as a roof, and the possession has been exercised in a public, peaceful, good faith manner, and under title of owner, based on the need to provide a home for his family and putting the property into production conditions.
He indicates, in the year 1993 he managed before the then IDA and by resolution of 14:00 on November 21, 1994, of file 1812-93, the existence of a conflict of precarious possession of lands was declared, holding him as possessor of the same and ordering the declaration to be noted in the margin of the property. He mentions, lacking a title registrable in his favor and complying with the conditions, he files this process. As a claim, he requests that the company be deregistered as the registered titleholder and that the land be ordered registered in his name. As stated in the record, the land is not part of any protected wildlife area, as certified by the Ministry of Environment and Energy (f. 13 physical file). Neither the original petitioner [Nombre1], nor the assignees his children [Nombre19] or [Nombre20] have acquired lands under the protection of the Law of Possessory Information (f. 10 back of the physical file and f. 117 to 119).
The property does not form part of land of interest to the Institute of Rural Development in accordance with the statements of that entity (f. 564 physical file). The adjoining person on the east, the Succession of [Nombre8] through its executor [Nombre7], acquiesced to the processing of this process and acknowledged in a filed brief (f. 503 of volume II scanned physical file) the possession of more than 20 years of the petitioner and his children. The land borders on the north with [Dirección11], on the west and south with Corrogres River, for which reason there are no other adjoining parties to notify (f. 541 of scanned physical file). The curator appointed for the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A., registered titleholder of [Dirección12] of San José, was notified of the process, opposed by brief, but when granted the legal term of Article 8 of the Law of Possessory Information to file the ordinary proceeding against this process, he did not do so, therefore the processing of this process continued (see resolutions on f. 532 and 535 scanned physical file).
Neither did the representative of the prosecuting entity file opposition under the terms of Article 8 Ibidem, even though she continuously and repeatedly requests that the process be denied in favor of the promoting persons, since a double titleholding over the same property cannot exist. A grievance that is rejected, since in cases like the present, a double titleholding of the land does not occur, but rather a substitution of the registered titleholder due to the special agrarian adverse possession (usucapión) having occurred, that is, the property right of the preceding titleholder is extinguished. Being a form of acquiring ownership. * * Having verified these aspects, it is appropriate to analyze the condition of need of the initial petitioner, the declaration of the conflict of precarious possession of lands decreed in his favor by the then IDA, and the testimony given in this matter.
Probative body of evidence that must be analyzed integrally and in light of the rules of Article 54 of the Agrarian Jurisdiction Law. With the initial brief, a certified copy of the resolution of the Board of Directors of the then IDA of 14:00 hours on November 21, 1994, within the administrative file initiated at the request of [Nombre1], was provided. That resolution, which holds the condition of a firm administrative act, indicates the description of the land in litigation as a property of 5,924.74 square meters located in [Dirección13], , of San [Nombre16] and with plans SJ-294374-1977 in the name of Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A., registered in the Mercantile Registry. It indicates, the manager affirmed that he entered to occupy the land approximately in the year 1977 and that at that time he had 16 years of agrarian possession where he developed crops of potato, beans, cassava, and others, maintenance of the land, and deployment of acts under title of owner.
His possession has been peaceful and uninterrupted and that he attached public service receipts from the year 1979 that demonstrate his stay on the property. It is indicated, the representatives of the company could not be notified. That administrative resolution adds, officials of the Land Inventory Section of the entity appeared at the property to perform an ocular inspection where they verified: a) the real possession of [Nombre1], who according to his statement and that of the people neighboring the place, facing a lack of housing, entered the land with the consent of its previous owner [Nombre18] to be caretaker and perform cleaning tasks, b) the destination of the area for subsistence crops and housing for his family nucleus, evidencing a possession exceeding one year. c) the agrarian aptitude of 80% of the land, and 20% for protection area according to technical studies of the Agroeconomics Studies Section.
In the section of the "Merits of the Matter", it is reasoned that initially the invasion is produced to supply the need for housing, in the land the existence of subsistence crops was corroborated, evidencing the exercise of the development of agrarian activity in a stable manner for more than one year in a personal and direct form, the land is registered in the name of a third party and therefore the conditions for the declaration of the conflict of precarious possession of lands were met. For which he was declared as possessor. The administrative resolution in question is a legally reasoned administrative act and its basis is a technical study of the competent entity that issued it, which was never questioned throughout the years since the original petitioner entered into possession of the registered land, nor within this process by the appointed procedural curator. Even though in the opinion of this Tribunal, such administrative declaration was not necessary to decree a state of need of the possessor under the terms of Article 92 of Law N. 2825, in this case that conflict was declared in an administrative venue and has legal value that was not reversed in the record.
This process was filed in the year 1994, ten years after the issuance of that cited resolution, with the content already mentioned and offering testimonial evidence. The statement of the witnesses was received on Tuesday, July 6, 2010 (f. 245 to 249 of the scanned physical file). Witness [Nombre13] testified to knowing the petitioners 18 years before. His father and the petitioners lived on the site in the same house, only that it has been improved. He identified the father of the petitioners as [Nombre21] and about 40 years ago the property belonged to Hacienda Lindora. He cited as the first possessor he knew the father of the petitioners, who was there all his life and he believes he built the house. That he dedicated the land to planting corn, beans, sweet potato, vegetables, maintenance of the property, fences, and animals. He mentions the property is around 4,000 meters. Regarding the adjoining parties, he indicates they have varied.
Witness [Nombre14] testified to being 52 years old, knowing the property for approximately 25 years, and the petitioners for more years. He declared, they arrived at the property in the 70s, mentioning his father [Nombre1] was there when [Nombre22] arrived. His father entered the property a few days or weeks before the arrival of [Nombre22]. He declared, when he came to visit the property he believed it belonged to [Nombre1] and he came approximately 7 times a year. He indicates upon arriving the property had a grass/weeds over a meter high and there was a house that was flooded by the grass/weeds and later [Nombre1] cleaned the property, planted fruit trees, cassava, corn. He made fences because it had none, they planted a pine fence, they had chickens and cows to sell milk, a warehouse shed, he knows of no problems with adjoining parties. He knows [Nombre22] has always lived in the place, and regarding [Nombre3] he observed them always when he arrived, although he cannot attest if he lived on the site.
He declares, not knowing [Nombre17] nor knowing if anyone before [Nombre1] entered had possession of the land. Witness, [Nombre15] rendered his testimony indicating, being a native of Pozos, being 65 years old, and knowing the property 25 years before. He testified that the first possessor he knew was [Nombre1], now deceased. He cited, he held it until he died and despite visiting the land on few occasions he saw [Nombre22] and [Nombre3]. He indicated, the last time he came was about 9 or 10 years ago. He knows that [Nombre1] died seven years ago and presumes the children stayed on the property. He mentions, [Nombre1] planted corn, beans, and occasionally sweet pepper, kept chickens and cows. He mentioned, it was he who brought in the electricity and the power line but he did not do the installation and helped him fix fences. A judicial inspection (reconocimiento judicial) was carried out on July 6, 2010 (F. 251 scanned virtual file) where it was noted in the record having found the land completely delimited with barbed wire fences except on the boundary with the River.
Fruit trees, plantains, bananas, timber trees, and a dwelling house at the entrance where [Nombre9], one of the petitioners, lives, were observed. It was also described, at the back an open construction in a state of abandonment was visualized. From these testimonies, it can be concluded that all are consistent in recognizing [Nombre1] as the possessor of the land and that he entered to develop agrarian acts of subsistence and live in the place. Witness [Nombre14] indicates that he arrived in the 70s with his family, describing deployed acts, and witness [Nombre15] is specific in the acts of cultivation and maintenance. All know the land for a date exceeding the decennial, but in this particular case of exception, they pertinently indicate that the stable possession exercised was of an agrarian nature and that he managed to put the land in conditions of subsistence production and housing for him and his children.
This Court does not share the assessment given in the judgment on this evidence by detracting from its value and indicating it did not comply with the requirement of Article 6 of the Law of Possessory Information. Contrary to that position, it is considered that these statements are consistent and coherent in recognizing [Nombre1] as the original possessor who entered the property in question with his family nucleus due to reasons of need, put it in productive conditions, and subsisted from it. These statements must be analyzed in conjunction with the administrative resolution that declared the precarious possession of lands in favor of [Nombre1] and recognized him as possessor under those conditions over a land registered in the name of a third party starting from the year 1994. There is no evidence of any nature in this file that contradicts the content and basis of that administrative resolution that recognized the existence of the declared conflict of possession by corroborating the necessary prerequisites: state of need, stable possession exceeding one year, and the property being in the name of a third party.
Related to the foregoing, it is recorded in the file that [Nombre1] died on April 23, 2007, as observed from a copy of the succession process (f. 464) and that before dying, he assigned the possession exercised over the land object of this process to his children, the petitioners here, by public deed number 23 of 21:00 hours on October 19, 2005 (f. 102 of the scanned physical file) and made the assignment of rights in the process under study (f. resolution on folio 106 scanned physical file). It is thus that this court understands, if the administrative resolution declares the conflict of precarious possession on November 21, 1994, by the year 2004 ten years had passed in which he consolidated his property right over the property in which he exercised possession due to the special agrarian adverse possession becoming operative. Upon assigning the possession to his children through the cited public deed, he transmits to them his usucapted property right.
By virtue of the foregoing, based on Article 92 of the Law of Lands and Colonization, it is the opinion of this instance that the testimonial evidence, even though it was collected until the year 2010, confirms the condition recognized to [Nombre1] in the firm resolution of declaration of conflict in precarious possession of lands in his favor and the continuation of the possession exercised by the children who became assignees. The appellant is correct regarding the nonconformity about the improper probative assessment of the mentioned evidence, since from its study and integral analysis, conclusions different from those set forth in the judgment are reached. * * * * * * * * * * * * * IX- The appellant challenges regarding the reasoning of the appealed ruling about the excess or surplus area of the land compared to what is registered and that [Nombre1] entered authorized by María C. Aguilar, according to the administrative file where the conflict in precarious possession was declared, such claims are rejected, since, as the appellant party affirms, the plans that have been presented by the petitioners reflect an area smaller than that registered in the name of the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A. Note that in the property's registral certification the registered measure is 6290.06 square meters (f. 9 scanned physical file), but in the initial brief it was clarified that its real measure is 5,924.74 square meters (f. 17) and this was reflected by plan 294364-1999 (f. 35), the later plan provided reflects a property of a smaller measure than the registered one, that is plan SJ-15791-73-2012 of 5,944 square meters (f. 613) and the last plan provided SJ-1783112-2014 (virtual file/briefs/date 11/20/2014 time 05:08:54 p.m.) reflects an area of 5,536 meters as it subtracted the width of the adjoining road on the north direction.
Added to the above, the resolution that declared the conflict describes a land in possession of [Nombre1] of [Dirección14] as the initial petitioner had indicated. This Court does not observe that the difference between the registered measure with respect to that which is requested to be registered in the name of the current petitioners, being smaller and reflected in the last plan provided, is an impediment to approving their petition, as such occurs due to the fact that the petitioner, at the request of the prosecuting entity, excluded the area of the right-of-way of the public street bordering the north of the property in question. Regarding the cause indicated in that resolution that [Nombre1] was authorized to enter by the previous owner, [Nombre17], the truth is that despite this, the necessary prerequisites were accredited for the competent entity to declare the conflict of precarious possession in his favor, and the property is registered in the name of the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A. It is necessary to mention that, apart from what has been indicated, the witnesses affirmed that the possession of [Nombre1] was in a public, peaceful, and stable manner, in addition to recognizing him as the owner.
For the aforementioned, the appellant party is correct regarding their grievances referring to these topics. For the reasons stated, and in view of not having initiated an ordinary proceeding against the promoting persons and their petition of having acquired by adverse possession (usucapido) through this possessory information procedure, it is that the right of the promoting party to request the property right be registered in their name over the property of San José, registered under folio number [Placa1], must be recognized for having acquired it under the protection of the institute of special agrarian adverse possession whose legal basis is numeral 92 of the Law of Lands and Colonization, which establishes it as a form of acquiring ownership of real estate. In such a way that the property is, by law, subject to the legal limitations of Article 19 of the Law of Possessory Information and to the periods for convalidation of their right of Article 17 of that same legal norm. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * X- For the reasons cited, based on the reasoning set forth and Articles 92 of the Law of Lands and Colonization, as well as 1 and 2 of the Agrarian Jurisdiction Law, the appealed judgment that denied the possessory information process must be revoked, and instead, the process shall be declared granted.
The National Registry must be ordered to register in the name of [Nombre2] and [Nombre3] in equal shares, the property right by virtue of the acquisition by special agrarian adverse possession, over the property of San [Nombre16], folio number [Placa1], and to deregister the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A., legal identification number CED12- as the registered titleholder. Property that is registrally described under folio number [Placa1] of the province of San José. Located in Pozos, [Dirección6], [Dirección7] noveno of the province of San José. Nature of land for building, garden, agriculture, and fruit trees. With a registered area of six thousand two hundred ninety meters with six square decimeters. [Nombre11] according to registry to the [Dirección4], to the [Dirección15] Corrógres River in between [Dirección16], to the east [Dirección8], and to the west footpath. No plan associated with the registry entry.
Tax value of two hundred twenty-five thousand colones. Property that has current plan number SJ-17833112-2014 with an area of five thousand five hundred thirty-six square meters. Current boundaries to the [Dirección4], to the [Dirección17], and to the west Corrogres River. Of which faith is given in view of the cited plan. Estimated at four million colones. Registration in the name of the cited [Nombre9] which must support the encumbrances that appear in the registry entry at the time of the registration of the enforceable judgment. In such a way that the property will, by law, be subject to the legal limitations of Article 19 of the Law of Possessory Information and to the periods for convalidation of their right of Article 17 of that same legal norm. * THEREFORE * * * * * * * * * * * * The appealed judgment that denied the possessory information process is revoked. Instead, the possessory information process is declared granted based on article ninety-two of the Law of Lands and Colonization.
The National Registry is ordered to register in equal shares in the name of [Nombre2], of legal age, single, merchant, identity card number CED2- - , and [Nombre3], of legal age, married once, warehouse keeper, identity card number CED3- - , both residents of Pozos de Santa Ana, San José, the property right by virtue of the acquisition by special agrarian adverse possession, over the property of San [Nombre16], folio number [Placa2] - * , and to deregister the company Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A., legal identification number CED13- - as the registered titleholder. Property that is registrally described under folio number [Placa2] - * of the province of San José. Located in Pozos, [Dirección6], [Dirección7] noveno of the province of San José. Nature of land for building garden, agriculture, and fruit trees. With a registered area of six thousand two hundred ninety meters with six square decimeters. [Nombre11] according to registry to the [Dirección4], to the south Corrógres River in between [Nombre12], to the east [Dirección18], and to the west footpath.
No plan associated with the registry entry. Tax value of two hundred twenty-five thousand colones. * Property that has current plan number SJ-uno siete ocho tres tres uno uno dos-dos mil catorce with an area of five thousand five hundred thirty-six square meters. Current boundaries to the [Dirección4], to the east [Nombre8], and to the west Corrogres River. Of which faith is given in view of the cited plan. Estimated at four million colones. Registration in the name of the cited [Nombre9] which must support the encumbrances that appear in the registry entry at the time of the registration of the enforceable judgment. The property is, by law, subject to the legal limitations of article nineteen of the Law of Possessory Information and to the periods for convalidation of their right of Article 17 of that same legal norm. * * * * * * * [Nombre23] - DECIDING JUDGE/A [Nombre24] [Nombre25] – DECIDING JUDGE/A [Nombre26] - DECIDING JUDGE/A * * * * * * * * * * Classification prepared by the LEGAL INFORMATION CENTER of the Judicial Branch. Reproduction and/or distribution for profit is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 09-05-2026 07:04:08.
Tribunal Agrario Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: Derecho Procesal Agrario Tema: Información posesoria agraria Subtemas:
Requisitos de la usucapión y análisis sobre la posesión en precario.
Tema: Usucapión especial agraria Subtemas:
Requisitos para su inscripción mediante información posesorio.
“VI- Valorados los autos, agravios y sentencia recurrida estima este Tribunal, lleva razón la parte apelante en sus reproches. Previo a valorar el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la información posesoria en estudio, resulta necesario hacer unas precisiones conceptuales sobre el objeto del proceso incoado. La Ley de Informaciones Posesorias vigente y sus antecedentes, han tenido la finalidad de dotar de título inscribible a las personas que carecen de tal y que han adquirido por usucapión un terreno no inscrito. Para lograr la obtención del título debe acreditarse una posesión idónea para usucapir en cumplimiento de las normas relacionadas del Código Civil, Ley de Informaciones Posesorias, amén del bloque normativo ambiental vigente, entre otros. El requisito de solicitarse la expedición del título sobre finca no inscrita se establece en el artículo 1 inciso f) de la Ley de Informaciones Posesorias.
No obstante lo anterior, el caso en estudio corresponde a los casos de excepción en cuanto a ese requisito legal de que el terreno no se encuentre inscrito. El artículo 92 de la Ley de Tierras y Colonización (no derogado con la emisión de la Ley N° 9036 del 11 de mayo de 2012 que expresamente indicó se mantenía la vigencia en todos sus extremos, del capítulo VI de la Ley Nº 2825, Regulación de Conflictos entre Propietarios y Poseedores en Precario, y su normativa conexa), en lo que interesa prescribe: " El Instituto es el organismo facultado para intervenir en todos los casos de posesión precaria de tierras, y procurará encontrarles solución satisfactoria, de acuerdo con las disposiciones establecidas por esta ley. Para los efectos de esta ley se entenderá que es poseedor en precario todo aquel que por necesidad realice actos de posesión estables y efectivos, como dueño, en forma pacífica, pública e ininterrumpida, por más de un año, y con el propósito de ponerlo en condiciones de producción para su subsistencia o la de su familia, sobre un terreno debidamente inscrito a nombre de un tercero en el Registro Público.
Los poseedores en precario que tengan posesión decenal en las condiciones enunciadas en el párrafo anterior, podrán inscribir su derecho de acuerdo con lo establecido en esta ley y por el procedimiento de información posesoria; pero una vez involucrados en la resolución de un conflicto motivado por la posesión precaria de tierras, quedarán sujetos a lo dispuesto en el párrafo final del artículo 101 de esta ley; los que no tuvieren la posesión decenal, reclamarán sus derechos conforme a las disposiciones de este Capítulo (Así reformado por el artículo 1º de la ley Nº 3336 del 31 de julio de 1964 ). Esa norma legal, en forma expresa remite al proceso regulado por la Ley de Informaciones Posesorias (actividad procesal no contenciosa) en casos de personas poseedoras en precario que por estado de necesidad realizado actos estables y efectivos de posesión ejercida en condiciones de pacifidad, publicidad y de forma ininterrumpida por más de un año a fin de poner en condiciones de producción un fundo inscrito a nombre de una tercera persona para suplir las necesidades de subsistencia propias y de su núcleo familiar.
Por lo que no comparte este Tribunal las afirmaciones vertidas en la sentencia apelada, referidas a que aún en casos de personas poseedoras en precario de tierras que acudan al proceso de información posesoria, deben acreditar que el fundo de su interés no se encuentra inscrito. Resulta pertinente citar que el instituto de la usucapión especial agraria tiene su fundamento legal en el artículo transcrito supra, cuyos fundamentos y presupuestos son la demostración de la persona usucapiente del estado de necesidad y del ejercicio de la posesión ininterrumpida, pública y pacífica por un período decenal, sin que le sean requerida la buena fe, ni el título traslativo de dominio. Al respecto la Sala Primera de la Corte Suprema de Justicia en sentencia número 172 de las nueve horas cincuenta y cinco minutos del cuatro de marzo del dos mil ocho resolvió: "A partir de este reclamo, resulta necesario, realizar algunas consideraciones generales respecto de los modos de adquirir la propiedad por prescripción positiva, tratándose de materia agraria.
Así, habrá que distinguir entre la usucapión común y la especial, ambas previstas por esta rama del derecho. La primera requiere del cumplimiento de los requisitos exigidos por el Código Civil, debido a la ausencia de legislación agraria específica; es decir: título traslativo de dominio, buena fe y posesión. Así, quien presenta una demanda agraria de esta naturaleza, debe demostrar el ejercicio de una posesión a título de dueño, en forma pública, pacífica e ininterrumpida por un período de 10 años. Se distingue de los procesos civiles por prescripción positiva, en que la posesión trasciende la simple ocupación del fundo, puesto que implica actos posesorios agrarios, tendientes a cultivar y mejorar el bien que se pretende usucapir. Por su parte, la usucapión especial agraria está prevista en la Ley de Tierras y Colonización, cuyo fundamento se encuentra en la posesión precaria, por la necesidad de explotación del fundo agrario, como medio de subsistencia propia o del núcleo familiar.
Así, el numeral 92 de ese cuerpo legal establece: "Para los efectos de esta ley se entenderá que es poseedor en precario todo aquel que por necesidad realice actos de posesión estables y efectivos, como dueño, en forma pacífica, pública e ininterrumpida, por más de un año, y con el propósito de ponerlo en condiciones de producción para su subsistencia o la de su familia, sobre un terreno debidamente inscrito a nombre de un tercero en el Registro Público. Los poseedores en precario que tengan posesión decenal en las condiciones enunciadas en el párrafo anterior, podrán inscribir su derecho de acuerdo con lo establecido en esta ley y por el procedimiento de información posesoria...". Por su parte el numeral 101 del mismo cuerpo normativo señala: "...para los efectos de la prescripción positiva de que este artículo trata, no será necesario el título traslativo de dominio que exige el Código Civil".
Según lo ha indicado esta Sala, la posesión precaria de tierras constituye una modalidad de la posesión agraria, que por tal, consiste en el poder de hecho, sobre un bien de naturaleza productiva, cuya titularidad registral corresponde a un tercero, y que es ejercido de manera continua, efectiva y personal, mediante el desarrollo de una actividad económicamente organizada para la obtención de productos, animales o vegetales, cuyo fin último es satisfacer necesidades propias o las de su familia. En esta, por ende, prevalecen la necesidad alimentaria y el trabajo familiar agrario. Sus requisitos, subjetivos y objetivos, tienen connotaciones distintas. No se requiere el simple ánimo de poseer, debe serlo en forma efectiva, directa y personal, para satisfacer las necesidades dichas. De ahí, para que opere, no es determinante la existencia de buena o mala fe, en tanto este elemento es sustituido por la necesidad.
Según lo ordena la ley en este caso especial, no se exige el título traslativo de dominio. El efecto más importante de la posesión precaria es la adquisición de la propiedad agraria por la posesión decenal, es decir, la usucapión agraria. Por otro lado, cuando no se dan los presupuestos de un estado de necesidad, referidos en los ya citados artículos 92 y 101 de la Ley de Tierras y Colonización, se está frente a una usucapión agraria común, que tiene un régimen jurídico diverso a la usucapión agraria especial regulada por aquella ley". De conformidad con lo expuesto, para que se declare con lugar la usucapión especial agraria se debe demostrar un estado de necesidad, haber realizado actos de posesión estables y efectivos, como dueño, en forma pacífica, pública e ininterrumpida, por más de un año, y con el propósito de ponerlo en condiciones de producción para su subsistencia o la de su familia; que el terreno poseído se encuentre debidamente inscrito a nombre de una tercera persona en el Registro Público y que dichas condiciones se cumplan en el transcurso de diez años.
" Por tales razones, cabe acoger el agravio de la parte apelante en cuanto la aplicación del artículo 92 de la Ley de Tierras y Colonización en cuanto a la posibilidad de acudir al trámite de información posesoria a solicitar la inscripción de su derecho de propiedad si demuestran todos los presupuestos legales y ello conlleva en forma lógica a la desinscripción de la finca a nombre de su original propietario registral. De medular importancia es reseñar que la parte promovente al interponer el proceso en estudio, manifestó expresamente en su escrito inicial ( f. 17 del expediente físico escaneado), instauraba esta acción en su carácter de poseedor sobre la finca inscrita a nombre de la sociedad Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A, y que el entonces IDA declaró el conflicto de posesión precaria de tierras. Manifestaciones que a la luz del artículo 3 párrafo segundo de la Ley de Informaciones Posesorias fueron emitidas bajo la gravedad del juramento.
Otro aspecto relevante a considerar es que el promovente originario invocó en forma correcta la causal y utilizó el proceso excepcional permitido por ley para solicitar la inscripción a su nombre de finca inscrita a nombre de una tercera persona. Sometiéndose al cumplimiento de las condiciones propias de los presupuestos exigidos por el artículo 92 de la Ley N.2825 y los requisitos de la Ley de Informaciones Posesorias, Ley de Uso Manejo y Conservación de Suelos, así como normativa catastral y de ordenamiento territorial.” ... Ver más Citas de Legislación y Doctrina Sentencias Relacionadas * * *030002070689AG * * * INFORMACIÓN POSESORIA * ACTOR/A:
[Nombre9] Y [Nombre3], AMBOS ESQUIVEL SAENZ * * * * * * * * * * * * VOTO N°* 1287-F-15* * * * * * TRIBUNAL AGRARIO. SEGUNDO CIRCUITO JUDICIAL DE SAN JOSÉ.- A las trece horas y cincuenta y cuatro minutos del diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil quince.-* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PROCESO DE INFORMACIÓN POSESORIA interpuestas por quien en vida se llamó: [Nombre1] , mayor de edad, pensionado, viudo, cédula de identidad número CED1- - , vecino de Pozos de Santa Ana, San José, quien* realizó cesión de derechos a favor de sus hijos y ahora promoventes* [Nombre2] , mayor de edad, soltero, comerciante, cédula de identidad número CED2- - , y [Nombre3] , mayor, casado una vez, bodeguero, cédula de identidad número CED3- - , ambos vecinos de Pozos de Santa Ana, San José. Figuran, además, el licenciado Marcelo Gamboa Venegas, mayor, abogado, carné número once mil cuatrocientos once, como curador procesal de la sociedad propietaria del terreno objeto de las presentes diligencias, denominada LO MANTENEMOS VERDE SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA, cédula jurídica número CED4 - , representada por [Nombre4] , divorciado, norteamericano, tarjeta de turismo número CED5 tres mil trescientos veinte y [Nombre5] , único apellido por su nacionalidad norteamericano, mayor, soltero, vecino de Estados Unidos de América, como presidente y tesorero respectivamente.
Como parte tercera interesada en su condición de colindante, [Nombre6][Nombre7] , mayor, casada, secretaria bilingüe, cédula de identidad CED6 - - , vecina de [Dirección1] , * * en su condición de albacea de la SUCESIÓN [Nombre8] , quien fue mayor, soltero, fotógrafo clínico, cédula de identidad CED7 - - . Intervienen como partes interesadas el INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, representado por Carmelina [Nombre1] Hidalgo, mayor, divorciada, abogada, vecina de Escazú, cédula número CED8- - , en su condición de apoderada general judicial* y el ESTADO por medio de su Representante, Procuraduría General de la República, apersonándose en su representación la Procuradora Agraria Adjunta la Licenciada Lidyana Rodríguez Paniagua. Asimismo interviene, la licenciada Marianela Fernández Rodríguez, carnet CED9 , como apoderada especial judicial de los promoventes. Tramitado ante el Juzgado Agrario del Segundo Circuito Judicial de San José, Goicoechea.- * * * RESULTANDO* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1.- La parte promovente interpuso este proceso de información posesoria para que se ordene: la cancelación de la inscripción de la finca de la Providencia de San José, número 162670, y se ordene la inscripción de inmueble en el Registro Público a su nombre, sin perjuicio de terceros de mejor derecho; inmueble que se describe así: " Terreno para jardín y cultivo de árboles frutales, con una casa, sito en el [Dirección2] , , Provincia de San José, con una medida según el Registro de 6290.06 metros cuadrados no obstante su medida real conforme al plano catastrado es de 5924.74 metros, con linderos actuales así: [Dirección3] de frente a esta, puntos 8-14 del plano, suroeste Río Pozos, este vereda pública con 15.36 metros de frente de esta, puntos 7-8 del plano y sureste Federico Lehman* Struve, plano catastrado SJ-294364-77, inscrita a nombre de LO MANTENEMOS VERDE * SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA".
La parte promovente en cumplimiento de la prevención ordenada por el despacho mediante resolución de las 8:09 horas del 24 de Octubre del 2011, indico:* En relación a la extensión del terreno, menciona que la totalidad del área es de 5944 metros cuadrados según área medida en campo. Además señala que hay construcción de una casa habitación cuya medida aproximada es de 230 metros cuadrados. De manera que los restantes 5714 metros corresponden a terreno para cultivar; asimismo aclara que las colindancias actuales de la finca objeto de este proceso son: [Dirección4] , [Dirección5] , este [Nombre8] . En alusión a la prevención de las 11:30 horas del 2 de marzo del 2012 realizada por el Juzgado, el promovente aporta nuevo plano SJ-1579173-2012 e indica que la medida real del inmueble según dicho plano es de 5944 metros cuadrados. En relación a la prevención 17:04 del 21 de Julio del 2014 la parte promovente aporta el plano catastrado SJ-1783112-2014 (ver en el escritorio virtual del Juzgado Agrario de San José, en la bandeja de documentos asociados: el incorporado a las 21/08/2012 02:17:16 p.m.- escrito inicial en imágenes 25 a 29, plano catastrado imagen 21, el incorporado el 21/08/2012 02:20:15 p.m. - cumplimiento de prevenciones a imágenes 62 a 65, plano SJ-1579173-2012 imagen 147; ver bandeja de escritos, el incorporado 20/11/2014 05:08:54 p.m.-plano SJ-1783112-2014 Imagen 4).-* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2.- El Licenciado Marcelo Gamboa Venegas, como curador procesal de la parte LO MANTENEMOS VERDE SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA, solicita: "...se RECHACE DE PLANO las presentes diligencias de información posesoria, por carecer del elemento fundamental de obtener la posesión con animus domino, es decir a título de dueño, desde ya opongo la excepción de falta de derecho, por carecer de un elemento esencial que configure el promovente original como acreedor del derecho que pretende." (ver escritorio virtual del Juzgado Agrario de San José, en la bandeja de documentos asociados, incorporado a las 21/08/2012 02:17:16 p.m., imágenes 254 a 256), sin que se opusiera dentro del plazo otorgado el proceso ordinario de oposición.- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3.- La señora [Nombre7] , en carácter de Albacea de la Sucesión del colindante [Nombre8] , el día 14 de setiembre del 2010, presentó Incidente de Nulidad Absoluta, solicitando: "1.-...darle curso a este incidente de Nulidad Absoluta procediendo a anular toda actuación procesal actos y resoluciones desde la fecha en el promovente haya incumplido con lo apercibido en la resolución del 24 de setiembre del 2004. 2.-En caso de que no se otorgue la nulidad absoluta, se solicita que se rechace este proceso de Información Posesoria por cuanto: a. Los linderos de la finca sobre la cual se está pidiendo la titulación no está debidamente definida por la ausencia de la cerca en el lindero este. b. El ingreso de los promoventes a esta finca se dio originalmente por tolerancia, lo cual no otorga derecho alguno, ni aún el de posesión. 3.-Se solicita la condenatoria a los promoventes por FRAUDE DE LEY por lo que deben pagar daños y perjuicios a esta sucesión. 4.- Se solicita la condenatoria en costas procesales y personales a ambos promoventes en forma solidaria por el establecimiento de este incidente donde su actuar es de mala fe".
Posteriormente, el 28 de enero del 2011, la señora Esquivel* Piza en condición dicha de la sucesión oponente manifestó haber llegado a un acuerdo con la parte incidentada, desiste del referido incidente y su conformidad con las presentes diligencias. (Ver escritorio virtual del Juzgado Agrario de San José, en la bandeja de documentos incorporados: del 21/08/2012 02:18:35 p.m. imágenes de la 32 a 41-Incidente de Nulidad, y del 21/08/2012 02:20:15 p.m. imagen 17 -Solicitud de dejar sin efecto el Incidente de Nulidad)* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4.- Se tuvo como partes al Estado y al Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, a quienes se les confirió audiencia. El representante del Estado, la Procuraduría General de la República, se apersonó en los términos que corren a folio 110 del tomo I del expediente digitalizado, y el Instituto de Desarrollo Rural se apersonó en los términos del memorial 564 del II Tomo del expediente escaneado.- * * * 5* .- La jueza Zoila Flor Ramírez Arce del Juzgado Agrario del Segundo Circuito Judicial de San José, mediante sentencia número 2015000165 de las diez horas y treinta y cuatro minutos del treinta y uno de agosto del dos mil quince , resolvió: "POR TANTO: De conformidad con lo expuesto y normativa legal citada; Se rechaza las presentes diligencias de Información Posesoria promovidas por quien en vida se llamó: [Nombre1] , y realizó cesión de derechos a favor de sus hijos y ahora promoventes* [Nombre9] , y [Nombre3] .
Acudan los interesados, si a bien lo tienen, a la vía pertinente en defensa de sus derechos. Firme la presente, archívese el presente expediente electrónico número EXPN1- . Se rechaza, por improcedente en esta vía, la defensa de falta de derecho interpuesta por el Licenciado Marcelo Gamboa Venegas, como curador procesal de la sociedad propietaria del terreno objeto de las presentes diligencias, denominada "Lo mantenemos verde S.A.", (Ver Escritorio Virtual de San José, Documentos Asociados, Sentencia Primera Instancia del 31/08/2015 10:34:28 a.m.).- * * * 6* .- La apoderada especial judicial de los promoventes [Nombre10] formuló recurso de apelación con indicación expresa de las razones por las cuales refuta la tesis del j uzgado de instancia , (* Ver Escritorio Virtual de San José, Escritos, Incorporar Escrito de las 10:47:38 p.m del 03/09/2015* ).* -* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7* .* - En la substanciación del proceso se han observado las prescripciones legales, y no se notan la existencia de errores u omisiones en el fallo capaces de producir su nulidad. -* * * * * * * * * * * * * Redacta la jueza Castro García; y,* CONSIDERANDOS* * * * * * * * * * * * * I- Sobre la solicitud de vista de la parte apelante que hace en su recurso se estima por esta Cámara se torna innecesario en esta oportunidad, por haber sido expuestos los agravios y haber suficientes elementos probatorios en autos para resolver el recurso incoado. * * * * * * * * * * * * * II- Hechos probados.
Se avala el hecho probado primero de la sentencia por haber sustento probatorio en los autos que le da fundamento, adicionando el siguiente detalle del terreno: Finca que se describe registralmente bajo matrícula [Placa1] de la provincia de San José. Sito en Pozos, [Dirección6] , [Dirección7] noveno de la provincia de San José. Naturaleza de terreno para construir jardín, agricultura y arboles frutales. Con cabida registral de seis mil doscientos noventa metros con seis decímetros cuadrados. [Nombre11] según registro al [Dirección4] , al sur Río Corrógres en medio [Nombre12] , al este [Dirección8] y al oeste vereda. Sin plano asociado al asiento registral. Valor fiscal de doscientos veinticinco mil colones. Finca que tiene plano actual número SJ-17833112-2014 con cabida de cinco mil quinientos treinta y seis metros cuadrados. Linderos actuales al [Dirección4] , al este [Nombre8] y al oeste Río Corrogres.
Estimada en cuatro millones de colones. Se prohíja el hecho sétimo por haber prueba que le otorgan base probatoria. No se avala el hecho segundo por haber prueba en el expediente que demuestra otra realidad fáctica. No se prohíja el hecho probado tercero y cuarto, por no corresponder técnicamente a hechos sino actuaciones del curador procesal nombrado a la sociedad Lo Mantenemos Verde S.A. y la albacea de la sucesión del colindante [Nombre8] . No se prohíja el hecho sexto, pues corresponde la descripción de una prueba pericial de proceso diverso al subjúdice y sin relación al objeto de este asunto ni actuaciones ejecutadas por la persona juzgadora de esta información posesoria. * De importancia, se tiene por acreditados en este asunto por esta instancia los siguientes hechos:
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