← Environmental Law Center← Centro de Derecho Ambiental
Res. 00414-2022 Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo · Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo · 13/07/2022
OutcomeResultado
The precautionary measure is denied and the previously granted provisionalísima measure is lifted, as the balancing of interests was not satisfied given INDER's registered ownership and the rights of the adjudicatees.Se declara sin lugar la medida cautelar anticipada y se ordena levantar la medida cautelar provisionalísima previamente concedida, al no acreditarse la ponderación de intereses debido a la titularidad registral del INDER y los derechos de los adjudicatarios.
SummaryResumen
The Administrative Court denies the precautionary measure sought by two occupants of Lot 16 in the Sansi Settlement, who attempted to suspend an administrative eviction ordered by the Rural Development Institute (INDER). The applicants argued the eviction proceeding was null due to notification defects, lack of document disclosure, and INDER's lack of standing, given a prior adjudication to third parties. The Court examines the three requirements for a precautionary measure: appearance of a good right, danger in delay, and balancing of interests. While it acknowledges the existence of a questionable administrative act and the harm eviction would cause, it finds the balancing of interests is not met, because INDER has been the registered owner since 2014 and the occupants lack any legal title. Moreover, the new adjudicatees, joined as necessary passive co-parties, hold a right protected by Article 45 of the Constitution. The previously granted provisionalísima measure is lifted.El Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo rechaza la medida cautelar solicitada por dos ocupantes de la Parcela 16 del Asentamiento Sansi, quienes pretendían suspender el desalojo administrativo ordenado por el Instituto de Desarrollo Rural (INDER). Los gestionantes alegaban nulidad del procedimiento de desalojo por vicios en la notificación, falta de entrega de documentos y carencia de legitimación del INDER para desalojar, al existir una adjudicación previa a terceras personas. El Tribunal analiza los tres presupuestos cautelares: apariencia de buen derecho, peligro en la demora y ponderación de intereses. Si bien reconoce la existencia de un acto administrativo cuestionable y el daño que el desalojo causaría a los ocupantes, considera que la ponderación de intereses no se satisface, pues el INDER es el titular registral del inmueble desde 2014 y los ocupantes carecen de título habilitante. Además, los nuevos adjudicatarios, integrados como litisconsortes pasivos, tienen un derecho tutelado por el artículo 45 constitucional. Se ordena levantar la medida cautelar provisionalísima previamente concedida.
Key excerptExtracto clave
In this section, there is no alternative but to analyze and balance the interests of the parties involved in the precautionary proceeding. In that regard, from the evidence submitted and the circumstances evidenced throughout the matter, it is determined that the right, at least from a precautionary standpoint, lies with the title to the property registered in the Public Property Registry in the name of the Rural Development Institute, or, alternatively, with those persons joined to the proceeding as necessary passive co-parties, who were adjudicated the property. Together with the co-defendant Institute, they must be granted protection under Article 45 of the Political Constitution, precisely because of the title registered in their name. We are faced with a situation that must be protected by this Court, given that the challenge to the acquisition of that real property by the plaintiff, or the lack of notification of the administrative procedure, is a matter fully reviewable in this venue; but it is a matter that must be discussed and resolved in a final judgment. If the purpose is to protect or minimize possible harm to third parties as this requirement establishes, the undersigned deems it appropriate and advisable not to consider this element satisfied, which results in the denial of the precautionary measure, since all elements must be present for it to be granted. The balance this time tilts towards protecting the rights of the Rural Development Institute, as well as the rights of Mr. [Redacted] and Mrs. [Redacted]; therefore, if the plaintiff decides to file the main action, it cannot lose sight that this Jurisdiction would only analyze the legality or nullity of the administrative conduct that ordered the challenged administrative eviction.En este apartado no queda más que analizar y ponderar los intereses de las partes que se encuentran involucradas en la gestión cautelar y en ese sentido, de la prueba que se ha hecho llegar al proceso y de los acontecimientos evidenciados a lo largo del asunto, se determina que el derecho al menos cautelar se encuentra en la titularidad del inmueble inscrito en el Registro Público de la Propiedad a nombre del Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, o porque no, de aquellas personas llamadas al proceso en calidad de litis consortes pasivas necesarias, que resultaron adjudicadas de la propiedad; y a quienes en conjunto con el Instituto co demandado se les debe de brindar una protección al amparo del numeral 45 de la Constitución Política, precisamente por el título inscrito a su nombre. Estamos ante una situación que debe de ser tutelada por este Tribunal, siendo que el cuestionamiento a la adquisición de ese bien inmueble que hace la parte actora; o la falta de notificación del procedimiento administrativo, es un asunto totalmente revisable en esta sede; pero es un asunto que se deberá discutir y obtener en sentencia. Si se quiere tutelar o minimizar una posible afectación a terceras personas como lo establece el presupuesto o elemento analizado, estima el suscrito procedente y conveniente no tener por superado este elemento; lo que da como resultado el tener que rechazar la medida cautelar, por cuanto para la procedencia de la misma se requiere que todos y cada uno de ellos estén presentes. La balanza en esta ocasión se inclina por tutelar los derechos del Instituto de Desarrollo Rural; así como el derecho del señor Nombre27844 y a la señora Nombre31532 ; por lo que si la parte actora decide interponer el proceso de conocimiento, no podría perder de vista que en esta Jurisdicción se analizaría únicamente la legalidad o nulidad de la conducta administrativa que dispuso el desalojo administrativo que cuestiona.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"se determina que el derecho al menos cautelar se encuentra en la titularidad del inmueble inscrito en el Registro Público de la Propiedad a nombre del Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, o porque no, de aquellas personas llamadas al proceso en calidad de litis consortes pasivas necesarias, que resultaron adjudicadas de la propiedad; y a quienes en conjunto con el Instituto co demandado se les debe de brindar una protección al amparo del numeral 45 de la Constitución Política, precisamente por el título inscrito a su nombre."
"it is determined that the right, at least from a precautionary standpoint, lies with the title to the property registered in the Public Property Registry in the name of the Rural Development Institute, or, alternatively, with those persons joined to the proceeding as necessary passive co-parties, who were adjudicated the property; and who, together with the co-defendant Institute, must be granted protection under Article 45 of the Political Constitution, precisely because of the title registered in their name."
Considerando III, análisis de ponderación de intereses
"se determina que el derecho al menos cautelar se encuentra en la titularidad del inmueble inscrito en el Registro Público de la Propiedad a nombre del Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, o porque no, de aquellas personas llamadas al proceso en calidad de litis consortes pasivas necesarias, que resultaron adjudicadas de la propiedad; y a quienes en conjunto con el Instituto co demandado se les debe de brindar una protección al amparo del numeral 45 de la Constitución Política, precisamente por el título inscrito a su nombre."
Considerando III, análisis de ponderación de intereses
"La balanza en esta ocasión se inclina por tutelar los derechos del Instituto de Desarrollo Rural; así como el derecho del señor Nombre27844 y a la señora Nombre31532 ; por lo que si la parte actora decide interponer el proceso de conocimiento, no podría perder de vista que en esta Jurisdicción se analizaría únicamente la legalidad o nulidad de la conducta administrativa que dispuso el desalojo administrativo que cuestiona."
"The balance this time tilts towards protecting the rights of the Rural Development Institute, as well as the rights of Mr. [Redacted] and Mrs. [Redacted]; therefore, if the plaintiff decides to file the main action, it cannot lose sight that this Jurisdiction would only analyze the legality or nullity of the administrative conduct that ordered the challenged administrative eviction."
Considerando III, conclusión sobre ponderación
"La balanza en esta ocasión se inclina por tutelar los derechos del Instituto de Desarrollo Rural; así como el derecho del señor Nombre27844 y a la señora Nombre31532 ; por lo que si la parte actora decide interponer el proceso de conocimiento, no podría perder de vista que en esta Jurisdicción se analizaría únicamente la legalidad o nulidad de la conducta administrativa que dispuso el desalojo administrativo que cuestiona."
Considerando III, conclusión sobre ponderación
"en cuanto a la legitimación que se cuestiona para ordenar el desalojo por parte del propietario registral, es un asunto que debilita totalmente este primer presupuesto cautelar."
"as for the challenge to the legitimacy to order the eviction by the registered owner, this matter completely weakens this first precautionary requirement."
Considerando III, apariencia de buen derecho
"en cuanto a la legitimación que se cuestiona para ordenar el desalojo por parte del propietario registral, es un asunto que debilita totalmente este primer presupuesto cautelar."
Considerando III, apariencia de buen derecho
Full documentDocumento completo
CONTENTIOUS-ADMINISTRATIVE COURT Goicoechea, 50 meters west of BNCR, in front of Café Dorado Telephone: 2545-0107 (EXT 01-2707) or 2545-0099 (EXT 01-2599).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FILE: 21-005648-1027-CA PROCEEDING: PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION BEFORE FILING SUIT (MEDIDA CAUTELAR ANTE CAUSAM) PROMOTED BY: Nombre27842 and Nombre31530 Nombre31530 DEFENDANTS: INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, Nombre27844 AND Nombre31531 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N°414-2022 CONTENTIOUS-ADMINISTRATIVE AND CIVIL TREASURY PROCEDURAL COURT OF THE SECOND JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF SAN JOSÉ - ANNEX A - Goicoechea, at fifteen hours fifty minutes on the thirteenth of July, two thousand twenty-two.- A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION BEFORE FILING SUIT (MEDIDA CAUTELAR ANTE CAUSAM) filed by Nombre27842 and Nombre31530 against the INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, Nombre27844 and Nombre31531 is heard.-
WHEREAS:
Regarding joining Mr. Nombre27844 and Mrs. Nombre31532 to the litis, INDER is not correct insofar as They themselves are exercising that right in the Judicial File before the Public Prosecutor's Office, because they have standing (legitimación) for having been granted said property by INDER, and furthermore, they have not carried out administrative eviction acts before INDER against my represented parties, because they are fully aware that they are exercising their right at the judicial level.(...)". (see filing submitted on 10/07/2021).- V) By means of the resolution identified under number 656-2021, issued at fourteen hours fifty minutes on the eleventh of October, two thousand twenty-one, this Court ordered the joinder to the Litis of Mr. Nombre27844 and Mrs. Nombre31532 (see resolution N°656-2021).- VI) Despite the fact that this Court duly notified Mr. Nombre27844 and Mrs. Nombre31532, they did not state their position in this regard (see proof of notification added to the electronic file).
WHEREAS:
They state that the claim (pretensión) in this plenary proceeding (proceso de conocimiento) will seek a declaration of nullity of an administrative act—the notice to vacate (intimación de desalojar)—because it was issued irregularly, which indisputably violates due process, the principle of proportionality and reasonableness, and lack of standing to have adjudicated the property (bien inmueble) in dispute, given that there is a pending judicial proceeding for the crime of usurpation (usurpación) against the same parties regarding the same property, with a different owner, these being parameters of constitutionality review and the legality framework, emphasizing that they were not notified personally as recorded in the notification records. That the notification mentions it is supported by official communication inder-pe-279-202 issued by the presidency of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, in which nothing relating to that communication is delivered to them. They emphasize that the claim in this plenary proceeding is that the nullity of an administrative act be declared insofar as they were not duly notified with the legal copies and, additionally, there is a lack of standing because the parcel was already adjudicated to third parties; they were not notified of the documents supporting the eviction (desalojo), which limits their ability to defend themselves in this administrative proceeding. Added to the foregoing, it should be noted that the plaintiff (parte actora), through their brief filed on October 7, 2021, insists that INDER, with full knowledge—as it has stated in its facts—knows that the adjudicatees are the ones who must bring the eviction action and not the institution, and that INDER is fully aware of a proceeding for usurpation brought by Mr. Nombre27844 and Ms. Nombre31532. Now, as the plaintiffs have indicated, their main intention or claim within the plenary proceeding would be directed precisely at annulling the administrative provision they challenge, which they have categorized as an action that leaves them defenseless, violates their right of defense and due process, creating a defective procedural activity, and they have challenged the standing of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural to order the eviction, considering that those who are legitimized for such purposes are Mr. Nombre27844 and Ms. Nombre31532, as they are the persons to whom the property of interest in this matter was adjudicated.
This Court's criterion regarding APPEARANCE OF GOOD RIGHT (APARIENCIA DE BUEN DERECHO): As can be appreciated, the moving party here challenges the conduct of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural in the resolution ordering the eviction they challenge. They assert that this Institution lacks standing to order the eviction, and instead they consider that those who would be legitimized to bring it are the persons to whom the property was adjudicated. They point out that there is a criminal proceeding, brought by the adjudicatees of the property, for the crime of usurpation. They challenge the procedure followed in the administrative venue which, in their view, will be grounds for nullity in the main cause. Based on the foregoing, this Court cannot say that the plaintiffs lack a right to come to this venue in order to at least seek the nullity of the administrative provision they challenge, which is the one that ultimately decreed the order to vacate the property of their interest. They allege not only defenselessness from lack of access to all the documents, but also allege nullity for not being notified personally, even though they assert they are inhabiting the property and, hence, they assert that this eviction provision must be annulled in the main cause, which would indeed be proper for this Court to examine all and each of the objections the plaintiffs have raised regarding the administrative conduct they challenge in the main cause, thus the requirement of appearance of good right would be met, because the conduct of the defendant Institute is challenged, the analysis and eventual annulment of the eviction is sought, and whether that is proper or not is a matter for the merits and not a precautionary one. Now, despite the foregoing, from the evidence provided by the moving party themselves, as of the date of the eviction provision, the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural is the registered owner (propietario registral), and as such, both in the administrative venue and now judicially, it does have the standing that the moving parties challenge; therefore, this should be an issue they must analyze in the event they intend to file the main or plenary complaint, by which it could be understood that the appearance of good right in this case, as indicated, is indeed present because there is a challenged administrative act, such as the lack of notification and delivery of documentation, which can certainly be analyzed in this venue, but with respect to the standing to order an eviction on the part of the registered owner that is challenged, this is a matter that completely weakens this first precautionary requirement. In the terms indicated, the analyzed element is deemed overcome.
Regarding DANGER IN DELAY (PELIGRO EN LA DEMORA): In this case, the plaintiffs have stated not only their interest in remaining on the property they inhabit, but also that it is evident that to this day they continue to inhabit that property; there is no evidence to the contrary, and moreover the representative of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural himself affirmed it in the response to this action, specifically in the fact labeled "FOURTHLY:" by indicating that "the persons currently occupying the land have no authorization to occupy lot 16 of the Sansi Settlement (Asentamiento Sansi), so they lack standing to remain on a lot that is intended for the purposes of the Law of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural (...)." Now, based on the foregoing, it is the criterion of this Court that the mere fact of having to vacate the property of their interest where they have lived for many years generates harm, which would be sufficient to deem the analyzed element overcome. That even though the representation of INDER considers that no harm exists, it is known here—according to the defendant's own statement and evidence—that since 2014 the property has been in the name of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural; therefore, for all this time and even before that, this has been and continues to be the property where the moving parties live, and there is no evidence to the contrary showing they have another place to live, a situation that in itself generates harm of a serious nature. In those terms, the analyzed precautionary requirement is deemed overcome.
Regarding BALANCING OF INTERESTS AT STAKE AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON PUBLIC INTEREST AND THIRD INTERESTED PARTIES: In this section, the undersigned notes that it is not considered that an injury can occur to the public interest here represented by the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural by keeping the moving parties on the property of their interest, since the plaintiffs have remained in possession of that property that said Institution has sought to recover, without the administration having, to date, provided compelling evidence demonstrating that the non-materialization of its provision—eviction—has affected its interests—the case record itself. Now, despite this, it turns out that the element or requirement under study was structured or divided so that not only the balancing of interests at stake and the impact on public interest are analyzed, but also the potential impact on third interested parties, and it is at this point that the undersigned must pause and be cautious in analyzing the situation. In this matter, the manner in which the defendant Institute has analyzed and resolved the administrative proceeding that ordered the plaintiffs to vacate the property of their interest has been discussed and challenged by the moving parties, precisely because they lack an enabling title (título habilitante) allowing them to remain on the property. Today, and from what has been shown, the property is even part of a criminal proceeding in which possession of the property is disputed between Mr. Nombre27844 and Ms. Nombre31532; however, one cannot overlook that the potential discussion of title or better right claimed over the property is a matter distinct from what is actually the reason for this proceeding, which should be directed at the suspension of the challenged administrative conduct, and it should not be ignored that in this case, one of the co-defendants here is the party who appears as the registered owner of the property sought to be evicted; whether or not usurpation exists (criminal matter) or whether there is standing to bring the eviction action (matter of standing) is a distinct matter, not appropriate to be analyzed in a precautionary measure, where, when analyzing the precautionary requirements, the one under study, in the opinion of the drafter, cannot be deemed satisfied. Having demonstrated—even by the plaintiff—ownership of the property in the name of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, and an adjudication thereof to Mr. Nombre27844 and Ms. Nombre31532, this Court could not, at this procedural stage, think otherwise than that the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural is the registered owner of the property; that, as the moving parties themselves have reported, Mr. Nombre27844 and Ms. Nombre31532 are the persons to whom the defendant institution adjudicated the property of interest. As indicated in the precautionary measure that was taken provisionally, only urgency was analyzed, which was even conditioned on the eviction not having materialized; but thereafter, to date, an even clearer picture exists: even today, when this final substantive resolution is issued, the plaintiffs have not proven they possess an enabling title allowing them to remain in possession of the property of their interest—the case record itself. In this section, there is no choice but to analyze and balance the interests of the parties involved in the precautionary action, and accordingly, from the evidence brought to the proceeding and the events shown throughout the matter, it is determined that the right, at least for precautionary purposes, lies in the ownership of the property registered in the Public Registry of Property under the name of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, or, failing that, in those persons joined to the proceeding as necessary passive co-defendants (litis consortes pasivas necesarias), who were adjudicated the property, and who, together with the co-defendant Institute, must be granted protection under Article 45 of the Political Constitution, precisely because of the title registered in their name. We are faced with a situation that must be protected by this Court, given that the challenge to the acquisition of that property made by the plaintiffs, or the lack of notification of the administrative proceeding, is a matter fully reviewable in this venue, but it is a matter that must be discussed and obtained in a judgment. If one wishes to protect or minimize a potential impact on third persons, as established by the requirement or element analyzed, the undersigned considers it appropriate and advisable not to deem this element overcome, which results in the precautionary measure being denied, because for its grant, each and every one of them must be present. The balance on this occasion tips in favor of protecting the rights of the Instituto de Desarrollo Rural, as well as the right of Mr. Nombre27844 and Ms. Nombre31532; therefore, if the plaintiffs decide to file the plenary proceeding, they cannot lose sight of the fact that this Jurisdiction would only analyze the legality or nullity of the administrative conduct that ordered the administrative eviction they challenge. (In support of the foregoing determination, see vote No. 266-2021 issued by Section One of the Administrative and Civil Hacienda Appeals Court, at eleven hours thirty-six minutes on July 22, 2021). Thus, the precautionary measure requested by Nombre27842 and Nombre31530 is denied. As a logical consequence of this provision, the lifting of the precautionary measure granted by the resolution issued at nine hours forty minutes on September 9, 2021, is ordered.
POR TANTO
The anticipatory precautionary measure requested by Nombre27842 and Nombre31530 against the INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, Nombre27844, and Nombre31531 is declared WITHOUT MERIT. As a logical consequence of this provision, the lifting of the precautionary measure granted by the resolution issued at nine hours forty minutes on September 9, 2021, is ordered. NOTIFÍQUESE. Lic. Rodrigo Huertas Durán. Judge.
Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo Clase de asunto: Medida cautelar ante causam Analizado por: CENTRO DE INFORMACIÓN JURISPRUDENCIAL Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Temas (descriptores): Proceso contencioso administrativo Subtemas: Generalidades sobre los presupuestos necesarios para el otorgamiento de medidas cautelares. Temas (descriptores): Medidas cautelares en el proceso contencioso administrativo Subtemas: Generalidades sobre los presupuestos necesarios para su otorgamiento. Sentencias en igual sentido Sentencias del mismo expediente TRIBUNAL CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVO Goicoechea Dirección01 , 50 metros Oeste del BNCR, frente a Café Dorado -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROCESO: MEDIDA CAUTELAR ANTE CAUSAM PROMUEVEN: Nombre27842 y Nombre31530 Nombre31530 DEMANDADOS: INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, Nombre27844 Y DE LA Nombre31531 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N°414-2022 TRIBUNAL PROCESAL CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVO Y CIVIL DE HACIENDA DEL SEGUNDO CIRCUITO JUDICIAL DE SAN JOSÉ - ANEXO A - Goicoechea, al ser las quince horas cincuenta minutos del día trece de Julio del año dos mil veintidós.- Se conoce MEDIDA CAUTELAR ANTE CAUSAM gestionada por Nombre27842 y Nombre31530 en contra del INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, Nombre27844 y Nombre31531 .-
RESULTANDO:
En cuanto al integrar a la litis a Nombre27844 y a la señora Nombre31532 , no lleva razón el INDER en el tanto Ellos mismos están ejerciendo ese derecho en el Expediente Judicial ante el Ministerio Público, por tener legitimación por habérsele otorgado dicha propiedad por el INDER, y además éstos no han hecho actos administrativos de desalojo ante el INDER contra mis representadas, porque tienen pleno conocimiento que están ejerciendo su derecho a nivel judicial.(...)". (ver escrito presentado en fecha 07/10/2021).
CONSIDERANDO:
POR TANTO
Se declara SIN LUGAR la medida cautelar anticipada solicitada por Nombre27842 y Nombre31530 en contra del INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL, Nombre27844 y de la Nombre31531 . En consecuencia lógica de esta disposición, se ordena el levantar la medida cautelar concedida por medio de la resolución dictada al ser las nueve horas cuarenta minutos del día nueve de Setiembre del año dos mil veintiuno. NOTIFÍQUESE. Lic. Rodrigo Huertas Durán. Juez.
*F4014O7LYIK61* RODRIGO HUERTAS DURÁN - JUEZ/A DECISOR/A
Document not found. Documento no encontrado.