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Res. 08580-2020 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 08/05/2020
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber ordered AyA to complete the feasibility studies within three months and determine the appropriate design and operating model for the aqueduct that will supply potable water to Gavilán.La Sala ordenó al AyA concluir en tres meses los estudios de factibilidad y determinar el diseño y el modo de operación idóneos del acueducto que suministrará agua potable a Gavilán.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber granted an amparo brought by the Integral Development Association of the Cabécar Indigenous Reserve of Tayní against the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA). Although the court acknowledged progress since a 2014 judgment—including identification of a spring and completion of 80% of the aqueduct’s feasibility work—it held that six years was sufficient time to provide a definitive solution to Gavilán’s lack of potable water. The Chamber reiterated that access to potable water is indispensable to the fundamental rights to life and health and that material or financial obstacles do not eliminate the State’s duty to advance toward fulfillment of that right rapidly and effectively. It ordered AyA to complete the feasibility studies within three months and determine the aqueduct’s appropriate design and operating model, subject to Indigenous consultation where required. It declined to impose another interim supply measure because a mini-aqueduct and a public collection basin were already operating.La Sala Constitucional declaró con lugar el amparo promovido por la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní contra el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA). Aunque reconoció avances posteriores a una sentencia de 2014 —incluidos la identificación de una naciente y un progreso del 80 % en la factibilidad del acueducto—, concluyó que seis años constituían tiempo suficiente para brindar una solución definitiva al problema de acceso al agua potable en Gavilán. La Sala reiteró que el acceso al agua potable es indispensable para los derechos fundamentales a la vida y la salud, y que las dificultades materiales o financieras no eliminan el deber estatal de avanzar con rapidez y eficacia. Ordenó concluir en tres meses los estudios de factibilidad y determinar el diseño y el modo de operación idóneos del acueducto, previa consulta indígena cuando corresponda. No impuso una nueva medida provisional porque ya funcionaba un miniacueducto y una pila pública.
Key excerptExtracto clave
However, six years have elapsed since the cited judgment was issued, a period this Court considers sufficient for a solution to have already been available. Consequently, in accordance with the reasons stated in the cited precedent, which are fully applicable to this case, the petition must once again be granted. It is not appropriate to order the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers directly to take over the aqueduct, because this is a fundamental matter that must be defined after the studies are completed. Furthermore, as the respondent authority states in its report, the corresponding consultation with the Indigenous people must be conducted before implementing it. Accordingly, completion of the feasibility studies must be ordered, followed by a decision on whether the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers should operate the aqueduct directly or delegate it to an ASADA. The petition is granted. Consequently, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, in her capacity as Executive President of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to take the necessary steps so that, within three months from notification of this judgment, the feasibility studies are completed and the appropriate design and operating model are determined for an aqueduct that supplies potable water to the community of Gavilán.Sin embargo, desde que se dictó la sentencia citada hasta el momento han transcurrido seis años, tiempo que este Tribunal estima suficiente para que ya se contara con una solución. En consecuencia, de conformidad con las razones expuestas en el precedente citado que son plenamente aplicables a este caso, el recurso debe, nuevamente, estimarse. No procede ordenar, directamente, que el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados asuma el acueducto, pues es un aspecto medular que deberá definirse tras finalizar los estudios. Por otra parte, según afirma la autoridad recurrida en su informe, antes de ejecutarlo debe realizar la consulta respectiva al pueblo indígena. En consecuencia, se debe ordenar finalizar los estudios de factibilidad y decidir si el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados debe operar directamente el acueducto o delegarlo en una ASADA. Se declara con lugar el recurso. En consecuencia, se le ordena a Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, en su condición de Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, o a quien ocupe ese cargo, que realice las gestiones necesarias para que, en el plazo de tres meses, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se concluyan los estudios de factibilidad y se determine el diseño y el modo de operación idóneos para un acueducto que suministre agua potable a la comunidad de Gavilán.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Este Tribunal Constitucional ha reconocido en su jurisprudencia que el derecho a la vida y a la salud son derechos fundamentales cuyo goce exige el acceso al agua potable."
"This Constitutional Court has recognized in its case law that the rights to life and health are fundamental rights whose enjoyment requires access to potable water."
Considerando III
"Este Tribunal Constitucional ha reconocido en su jurisprudencia que el derecho a la vida y a la salud son derechos fundamentales cuyo goce exige el acceso al agua potable."
Considerando III
"Además, si bien se reconoce la existencia de obstáculos materiales y financieros que pueden dificultar la plena realización del derecho al agua, ello no enerva ni anula el deber constante y continuo del Estado Costarricense de avanzar con la mayor rapidez y efectividad posibles hacia la plena realización de tal derecho."
"Although material and financial obstacles that may hinder full realization of the right to water are acknowledged, they neither weaken nor extinguish the Costa Rican State’s constant and continuing duty to advance as rapidly and effectively as possible toward the full realization of that right."
Considerando III
"Además, si bien se reconoce la existencia de obstáculos materiales y financieros que pueden dificultar la plena realización del derecho al agua, ello no enerva ni anula el deber constante y continuo del Estado Costarricense de avanzar con la mayor rapidez y efectividad posibles hacia la plena realización de tal derecho."
Considerando III
"En consecuencia, no considera esta Sala que se deba dictar otra medida provisional."
"Consequently, this Chamber does not consider it necessary to order another interim measure."
Considerando IV
"En consecuencia, no considera esta Sala que se deba dictar otra medida provisional."
Considerando IV
Full documentDocumento completo
* 200068900007CO* Decision No. 2020008580 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine twenty a.m. on May 8, 2020.
Amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo) filed by [Name 001], identity card number 701470133, in his capacity as president of the Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní, legal entity identification number 3-002-061490, against the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos Y Alcantarillados (AYA).
FACTUAL BACKGROUND:
4.- By written submission added to this expediente on 21 de abril de 2020, YAMILETH ASTORGA ESPELETA, in her capacity as Executive President of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, submitted her report.
She stated that she had no direct knowledge of the first, second, and third facts. She noted that the fourth fact was partially true and that, with respect to the length of time the EBAIS had been closed, she deferred to the evidence submitted by the appellant. Regarding the supply of drinking water to the EBAIS and the community, she corrected the appellant’s statement in accordance with the report prepared by engineer José Antonio Arias Arias in memorandum number GSD-UEN-GAR-2020-01348, dated 2 de abril del 2020, from AyA’s UEN Gestión Sistemas Delegados, which states as follows:
“Based on the information provided by Mr. Sequeira and the observations made on site, it was possible to confirm the existence of a mini-aqueduct that conveys water from a spring (naciente) to the community; initially, there was a public water source, but it is no longer operating. This system currently supplies the EBAIS, the school, and several homes that have connected to the pipeline directly. There is a basin outside the EBAIS where some residents collect water.” She stated that the fifth fact was partially true because she had no direct knowledge of the type of population residing in those communities. Regarding the community’s drinking-water situation, she deferred to the aforementioned report.
With respect to the sixth fact, she stated that the appellant was correct regarding the order issued by the Sala Constitucional through decision number 2014-006069; however, it was not true that the institution she represented was failing to comply with the Tribunal Constitucional’s order or that no study had been conducted following the Sala Constitucional’s order. This was supported by the technical report prepared by engineer José Ricardo Peralta Ballester in memorandum number GSD-UEN-AP-2020-00461, dated 21 de abril del 2020, from AyA’s UEN Administración de Proyectos, which states as follows:
“On 11 de noviembre de 2015, through GSD-UEN-AP-01518, the prior report was forwarded to engineer Oscar Quesada for construction of the exploratory well (copy attached). In memorandum SB-AID-201600137, engineer Andrés Saenz (copy attached), Deputy Manager for Environmental Affairs, Research, and Development, stated that the collection of surface water should be evaluated because drilling in the area was not recommended, and ruled out the possibility of constructing a well. In view of the foregoing, the Subgerencia de Sistemas Comunales undertook to locate a suitable surface-water source or springs for construction of the aqueduct. This work has been carried out in coordination with the Asociación de Reserva Indígena Tayni, whose members are familiar with the area. After visiting several locations, a spring was found with sufficient water quantity and appropriate water quality for construction of the aqueduct proposed for several communities in the Tayni territory.
“Once the problem arising from the lack of a water source for construction of the aqueduct had been resolved, the project continued to progress, and the following has been completed to date: 1- Together with the Asociación de la reserva indígena, the spring that will supply water to the aqueduct has been identified; during the critical season, it has a flow of 5.77 l/s. 2- A topographic survey (topografía) of the entire project has been completed. The project proposes supplying the following communities: Arrocera, Alto cohen, Moi, Bella Vista, Jabuy, Boca Cohen, Gavilán, Namardi. 3- The various parcels of land needed for construction of the works have been identified. 4- All works to be constructed have been defined. 5- The project’s feasibility study (factibilidad) is 80% complete. 6- Permits have been negotiated with the landholders.
“He also informed you that completion of the feasibility study is scheduled for julio del presente año, that the special designs will be prepared, and that the project will be completed and financing sought during the remainder of the year so that construction can begin the following year, provided that the pending Indigenous consultation (consulta indígena) also produces a favorable result.
“Lastly, I note that, as evidence of our ongoing efforts to resolve the lack of drinking water in the Territorio Cabecar-Tayni, construction was recently completed on three aqueducts for three Indigenous communities in the Territorio Cabecar-Tayni that previously lacked an aqueduct, specifically: Calveri, Kuchey, Volcancito.” She added that, regarding the seventh fact, the appellant was correct that the institution she represented had installed a well in that community in the year 2015. Regarding access to drinking water, she deferred to the report prepared by engineer José Antonio Arias Arias in memorandum number GSD-UEN-GAR-2020-01348, dated 2 de abril del 2020, from AyA’s UEN Gestión asunto Rurales, which had already been cited and further states:
“Supplying drinking water to the community through bulk delivery by tanker truck is practically impossible because the route to the community requires crossing a river through its open channel and a Bailey bridge spanning the Río La Estrella. In view of the foregoing, installing a tank in this community would be of little use. It is recommended that other supply methods used in such situations be considered, such as canisters or small-volume containers that can be easily transported in light vehicles. The closest aqueduct from which the water could be supplied is the La Guaria system; this must be coordinated with Lic. Luis Arturo Bonilla Ordóñez, Jefe Cantonal de AyA Limón.” She also deferred to the provisions of the already-cited technical report prepared by engineer José Ricardo Peralta Ballester in memorandum number GSD-UENAP-2020-00461, dated 21 de abril del 2020, from AyA’s UEN Administración de Proyectos GSD.
Regarding the eighth fact, she stated that she had no direct knowledge of it. As to the arguments on the merits, she asserted that AYA is the governing authority for the supply of drinking water, operating directly in the metropolitan area and indirectly through delegation of the public service (delegación del Servicio Público) to the Asociaciones Administradoras de los Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Sanitarios Comunales by executing a Public Service Management Delegation Agreement (Convenio de Delegación de la Gestión del Servicio Público). This legal arrangement authorizes the associations to manage, operate, and develop aqueducts in accordance with AyA’s technical guidelines and the rates established by ARESEP for those purposes.
In this regard, legal opinions and case law have established that the Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, as the national governing authority, is the only entity authorized, when appropriate and following an AyA technical opinion, to delegate to Asociaciones Administradoras de los Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Sanitarios, pursuant to the Associations Law number 2018 and its regulations, the function of operating, managing, and developing an aqueduct through a Public Service Management Delegation Agreement.
AYA likewise has the authority to withhold its approval of articles of incorporation (acta constitutiva) and, where appropriate, to assume operation of an aqueduct by operation of law when any of the grounds established in Article 4 of the Reglamento de las Asociaciones Administradoras de los Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillados are present. A private entity that does not have a Delegation Agreement with AyA is not authorized under the legal system to operate the system.
Having clarified the foregoing, she argued that, as stated in memorandum number .GSD-UEN-AP-2020-00461, the technical studies required to establish the technical feasibility necessary for an aqueduct in that community are being conducted, along with an assessment of whether an ASADA should be formed or the system should be operated directly by AyA.
She further considered that the institution faced a material impossibility (imposibilidad material) that prevented it from immediately complying with the appellant’s request to construct an aqueduct and supply water by tanker truck.
In conclusion, she stated the following: 1- Water cannot be delivered to that community by tanker trucks; 2- The EBAIS, the school, and a portion of the population obtain water through an existing system; 3- The spring that will supply the future aqueduct has been located; 4- The feasibility studies are 80% complete; 5- There has been no failure to comply with the Sala Constitucional’s order in judgment number 2014-006069; and 6- Once the studies and improvements have been completed, AyA must determine whether it will operate the service directly or delegate it through the formation of an ASADA.
For the foregoing reasons, she considered that AYA had not failed to fulfill its responsibilities and had not violated the fundamental rights to health and life of the inhabitants of the Indigenous reserves. She requested that the amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo) be dismissed and that AYA not be ordered to pay costs, damages, and losses.
Justice Hernandez Gutierrez authored the opinion; and,
Whereas:
The appellant, in his capacity as President of the Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní, filed this amparo petition seeking an order requiring the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados to provide drinking water to the population of Gavilán, which is located within that reserve.
For purposes of deciding this matter, the following facts are deemed duly established, either because they have been substantiated or because the respondent authority failed to address them, as required in the initial order: 1) In the Gavilán indigenous community, there is a mini-aqueduct (mini acueducto) that carries water from a spring (naciente) to the community. This system directly supplies the EBAIS, the school, and several homes that have been connected to the pipeline (report submitted and evidence provided).
As both parties indicate, this Chamber had previously had an opportunity to rule on the supply of drinking water in Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní. In Judgment number 2014006069 at 9:05 hours on May 9, 2014, this Chamber stated as follows:
“Regarding the right to drinking water.
In its case law, this Constitutional Court has recognized that the rights to life and health are fundamental rights whose enjoyment requires access to drinking water. For human beings to enjoy good health, they must be guaranteed a set of minimum conditions necessary to achieve an appropriate and harmonious psychological, physical, and environmental balance, as well as to prevent the emergence of dysfunctions that impair their full growth and development. One of those conditions is precisely the supply of water fit for human consumption. Hence the duty of the Costa Rican State in general, and Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados in particular (see Articles 1 and 2 of Law No. 2726 of April 14, 1961), to guarantee every person progressive and nondiscriminatory access to drinking water to meet their basic needs (Judgment No. 2012-010712 at 9:15 hrs on August 10, 2012).
Specifically, this Chamber stated as follows:
“Regarding the specific case.
In the present matter submitted for consideration by this Chamber, after analyzing the evidence entered into the record, this Court finds a violation of the right to water that affects the right to health of the protected persons, residents of the Gavilán community, a settlement located within the Cabécar de Tayní indigenous territory in Valle de la Estrella. This is because it has been established that the recommendations contained in the report prepared in December 2013 have not been implemented, since Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados does not have the electrical resistivity equipment used to conduct Vertical Electrical Soundings (Sondeos Eléctricos Verticales, SEVs), which is the method used to determine the thickness of materials and locate a water level at lower depths. Internal efforts are currently underway to obtain the resources needed to contract a private company to perform those Soundings, with the contract expected to be in place approximately during the third week of May, so that the most suitable site for construction of the well can be identified.
In addition, the installation of a public water point is being proposed to the community while the aqueduct project is completed. In the meantime, these residents do not have access to drinking water, as it is also reported that the procedures for contracting a tanker truck are underway, with bids to be opened on May 5, 2014. This confirms that the protected persons have been placed in a serious state of legal uncertainty, because no probable or foreseeable date has been specified by which the corresponding technical studies aimed at resolving the aforementioned lack of access to drinking water may be completed. Nor is the service being provided by any other means. Moreover, although the existence of material and financial obstacles that may hinder the full realization of the right to water is acknowledged, this does not diminish or extinguish the Costa Rican State’s constant and continuing duty to move as quickly and effectively as possible toward the full realization of that right.
That duty does not appear to have been fulfilled in the case under review, because the technical studies acknowledged to be necessary have not been diligently pursued, nor has the population been supplied with drinking water. Accordingly, this constitutional relief petition (amparo) must be granted, as hereby ordered.
At that time, the Court ordered as follows:
“The petition is granted. Yesenia Calderón Solano, in her capacity as Executive President of Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to immediately issue such directives as fall within the scope of her authority so that: a) within a maximum period of six months from notice of this judgment, the appropriate actions are carried out to complete the technical studies determining the most suitable location for construction of the well that will supply drinking water to the Gavilán community, a settlement located within the Cabécar de Tayní indigenous territory in Valle de la Estrella; and b) within seven days from notice of this judgment, the aforementioned settlement is provided with drinking water, whether by tanker trucks, a public water point, or any other system.”
In this new constitutional relief proceeding, Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní maintains that the problem has not been resolved. The proven facts show that, indeed, there is still no definitive solution. However, the situation is now different. In the previous constitutional relief proceeding, drilling a well had not been ruled out. Now, by contrast, not only has it been ruled out, but a water source for the aqueduct has already been identified. Likewise, considerable progress has already been made on the feasibility studies. Nevertheless, six years have elapsed since the cited judgment was issued, a period that this Court considers sufficient for a solution to have already been in place. Consequently, in accordance with the reasons set forth in the cited precedent, which are fully applicable to this case, the petition must once again be granted. It is not appropriate to order Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados directly to assume responsibility for the aqueduct, because this is a fundamental issue that must be determined after the studies have been completed.
Furthermore, as the respondent authority states in its report, the corresponding consultation with the indigenous people must be conducted before the project is implemented. Consequently, it must be ordered that the feasibility studies be completed and that a determination be made as to whether Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados should operate the aqueduct directly or delegate its operation to an ASADA.
Separately, the petitioner requested that, until the aqueduct is completed, the supply of water by tanker trucks or some other means be ordered. In the previous constitutional relief proceeding, this Chamber ordered the use of tanker trucks or the installation of a public water point. At present, it is clear that the use of tanker trucks is not feasible, and although the public water point that was installed is not operational, it was established that a mini-aqueduct is operating and carries water from a spring to the community. This system directly supplies the EBAIS, the school, and several homes that have been connected to the pipeline; in addition, there is a basin outside the EBAIS where some residents come to collect water, meaning that it functions as a public water point. Consequently, this Chamber does not consider it necessary to order another interim measure (medida provisional).
The petitioner is hereby advised that, if any paper documents were submitted, as well as any objects or evidence contained on any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology device, they must be collected from the Court within a maximum period of 30 business days from notice of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, pursuant to the “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial,” approved by Corte Plena at session number 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the resolution approved by Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial at session number 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
The appeal for constitutional protection (recurso de amparo) is granted. Consequently, Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, in her capacity as Executive President of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to take the necessary steps so that, within three months from notification of this judgment, the feasibility studies are completed and the appropriate design and mode of operation are determined for an aqueduct that will supply drinking water to the community of Gavilán. Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, anyone who receives an order issued in an appeal for constitutional protection that they are required to comply with or enforce, and fails to comply with or enforce it, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, provided that the offense is not subject to a more severe penalty. The Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the acts underlying this ruling, which shall be quantified during enforcement of the judgment before the administrative litigation court. Notice shall be given.
Fernando Castillo V.
President Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Jose Paulino Hernández G.
*KLGUSP27WTM61* Telephone: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2295-3712 / 2549-1633. Website: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 mts. south of the Perpetuo Socorro church). Filing office for matters involving vulnerable groups: Edificio Corte Suprema de Justicia, San José, Distrito Catedral, Barrio González Lahmann, calles 19 y 21, avenidas 8 y 6
* 200068900007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del ocho de mayo de dos mil veinte .
Recurso de amparo de [Nombre 001] , cédula de identidad 701470133, en condición de presidente de la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní, cédula jurídica 3-002-061490, contra el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos Y Alcantarillados (AYA).
RESULTANDO:
Redacta el Magistrado Hernandez Gutierrez; y,
Considerando:
El recurrente, en su condición del Presidente de la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní, interpuso esta ampara para que se ordene al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados dotar de agua potable a la población de Gavilán, que está dentro de dicha reserva.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
Como lo indican ambas partes, esta Sala ya había tenido oportunidad de pronunciarse en relación con el suministro de agua potable en la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní. En sentencia número 2014006069 de las 9:05 horas del 9 de mayo de 2014, esta Sala indicó lo siguiente:
“Sobre el derecho al agua potable. Este Tribunal Constitucional ha reconocido en su jurisprudencia que el derecho a la vida y a la salud son derechos fundamentales cuyo goce exige el acceso al agua potable. Para que el ser humano disfrute de salud requiere que se le garanticen un conjunto de condiciones mínimas necesarias para alcanzar un adecuado y armónico equilibrio psíquico, físico y ambiental, así como para impedir el surgimiento de disfunciones que alteren su pleno crecimiento y desarrollo. Una de esas condiciones es precisamente el suministro de agua apta para el consumo humano. De allí el deber del Estado costarricense, en general, y del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, en particular (véanse los artículos 1 y 2 de la Ley No. 2726 de 14 de abril de 1961), de garantizar a toda persona, de forma progresiva y sin discriminación, el acceso al agua potable, para satisfacer sus necesidades básicas (sentencia No. 2012-010712 de las 9:15 hrs del 10 de agosto del 2012).
De manera específica, señaló esta Sala lo siguiente:
“Sobre el caso concreto. En el presente asunto sometido a conocimiento de esta Sala, tras analizar los elementos aportados a los autos, este Tribunal constata una lesión al derecho al agua que incide en el derecho a la salud de los tutelados, vecinos de la comunidad de Gavilán, que es un poblado ubicado dentro del territorio indígena Cabécar de Tayní en el Valle de la Estrella. Ello en razón de que se tiene por probado que las recomendaciones indicadas en el informe que se realizó en diciembre del 2013, no se han ejecutado en razón de que el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados no cuenta con los equipos de resistividad eléctrica con los que se llevan a cabo los Sondeos Eléctricos Verticales (SEVs), que es el método para determinar espesor de materiales y búsqueda de un nivel de agua a niveles inferiores. Que actualmente se están gestionando los recursos internamente para realizar la contratación de esos Sondeos con la empresa privada, los que, aproximadamente, en la tercera semana del mes de mayo se espera tener contratados, a fin de proceder con la ubicación del sitio más idóneo para llevar a cabo la construcción del pozo.
Aparte de que se está proponiendo con la comunidad la colocación de una fuente pública, mientras se termina el proyecto del acueducto. Mientras tanto esos pobladores no tienen acceso al agua potable, pues también se informa que está proceso los trámites de la contratación del camión cisterna con apertura de ofertas para el 5 de mayo del 2014. Con lo que se verifica que se ha colocado a los amparados en un grave estado de incertidumbre jurídica, pues no señala una fecha probable o previsible en que puedan estar listos los correspondientes estudios técnicos en procura de lograr una solución al citado problema de falta de acceso al agua potable. Servicio que tampoco se está proveyendo por otros medios. Además, si bien se reconoce la existencia de obstáculos materiales y financieros que pueden dificultar la plena realización del derecho al agua, ello no enerva ni anula el deber constante y continuo del Estado Costarricense de avanzar con la mayor rapidez y efectividad posibles hacia la plena realización de tal derecho.
Lo que no se observa se haya cumplido en el caso en estudio, pues no se ha procurado con diligencia los estudios técnicos que se aceptan se requieren y tampoco se le suministra a la población el servicio de agua potable. Por lo que procede acoger este amparo, como así se dispone.
En ese momento, el Tribunal ordenó los siguiente:
“Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Yesenia Calderón Solano, en su condición de Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, o a quien ejerza el cargo, girar de inmediato las órdenes que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias para que: a) se ejecuten, en el plazo máximo de seis meses, contado a partir de la comunicación de esta sentencia, las acciones pertinentes a fin de se concluyan los estudios técnicos que determinen la ubicación del sitio más idóneo para llevar a cabo la construcción del pozo que permita suministrar agua potable a la comunidad de Gavilán, poblado ubicado dentro del territorio indígena Cabécar de Tayní en el Valle de la Estrella y b) que en el plazo de siete días, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se le proporcione al poblado referido el suministro de agua potable, ya sea por medio de camiones cisternas, fuente pública o cualquier otro sistema”.
IV.Caso concreto . En este nuevo amparo, la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de la Reserva Indígena Cabécar de Tayní insiste en que no se ha solucionado el problema. De los hechos probado se desprende que, en efecto, todavía no hay una solución definitiva. Sin embargo, la situación es ahora distinta. En el anterior amparo, no se había descartado la perforación de un pozo. Ahora, al contrario, no solo se descartó, sino que ya se identificó una fuente de agua para el acueducto. De igual forma, ya se ha adelantado considerablemente en los estudios de factibilidad. Sin embargo, desde que se dictó la sentencia citada hasta el momento han transcurrido seis años, tiempo que este Tribunal estima suficiente para que ya se contara con una solución. En consecuencia, de conformidad con las razones expuestas en el precedente citado que son plenamente aplicables a este caso, el recurso debe, nuevamente, estimarse.
No procede ordenar, directamente, que el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados asuma el acueducto, pues es un aspecto medular que deberá definirse tras finalizar los estudios. Por otra parte, según afirma la autoridad recurrida en su informe, antes de ejecutarlo debe realizar la consulta respectiva al pueblo indígena. En consecuencia, se debe ordenar finalizar los estudios de factibilidad y decidir si el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados debe operar directamente el acueducto o delegarlo en una ASADA. En otro orden de ideas, el recurrente solicitó que, mientras se concluye el acueducto, se ordene el suministro de agua por medio de camiones cisterna u otro medio. En el anterior amparo esta Sala ordenó utilizar camiones cisterna o colocar una fuente pública. Actualmente, es claro que no es factible el uso de camiones cisterna y si bien la fuente pública que se colocó no está funcionando, sí se demostró que está un funcionamiento un mini acueducto que acarrea agua desde una naciente hasta la comunidad.
Este sistema abastece de manera directa al EBAIS, a la escuela y a algunas viviendas que se han conectado a la tubería y, además, existe una pila en el exterior del EBAIS en donde algunos pobladores pasan a recoger agua, es decir, que funciona como una fuente pública. En consecuencia, no considera esta Sala que se deba dictar otra medida provisional.
Se previene a la parte recurrente que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, deberá retirarlos del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial”, aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión número 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión número 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. En consecuencia, se le ordena a Yamileth Astorga Espeleta, en su condición de Presidenta Ejecutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, o a quien ocupe ese cargo, que realice las gestiones necesarias para que, en el plazo de tres meses, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se concluyan los estudios de factibilidad y se determine el diseño y el modo de operación idóneos para un acueducto que suministre agua potable a la comunidad de Gavilán. Se advierte que de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de fundamento a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Jose Paulino Hernández G.
*KLGUSP27WTM61* Morenos, 100 mts.Sur de la iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro). Recepción de asuntos de grupos vulnerables: Edificio Corte Suprema de Justicia, San José, Distrito Catedral, Barrio González Lahmann, calles 19 y 21, avenidas 8 y 6
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