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Res. 04497-2020 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 06/03/2020
OutcomeResultado
The amparo is denied. The Chamber verifies that the Municipality and the Ministry of Health addressed the neighbors' complaints through oversight procedures and noise measurements, which demonstrated that noise did not exceed permitted limits.Se declara sin lugar el recurso de amparo. La Sala verifica que la Municipalidad y el Ministerio de Salud atendieron las denuncias de los vecinos mediante procedimientos de fiscalización y mediciones sónicas, que demostraron que no se excedían los límites de ruido permitidos.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber reviews an amparo filed by neighbors against the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia and the Ministry of Health, alleging omissions in addressing complaints of noise pollution and disturbances from the Hermanos JEFAIS hardware store. The Chamber examines the administrative record and finds that the local government initiated oversight procedures, conducted multiple inspections, mediations, and imposed corrective measures such as relocating the mechanical workshop and fleet of trucks to another jurisdiction, setting operating hours, and building walls. The Ministry of Health performed noise measurements showing that noise levels did not exceed regulatory limits. The Chamber concludes that there was no omission by the authorities and that the complaints were addressed, thus denying the amparo. The majority vote includes separate notes by Magistrate Hernández López and Magistrate Salazar Alvarado, both concurring that the intervention was adequate and no fundamental rights were violated.La Sala Constitucional conoce de un recurso de amparo interpuesto por vecinos contra la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia y el Ministerio de Salud, por la supuesta omisión en atender denuncias sobre contaminación sónica y perturbaciones causadas por la ferretería Hermanos JEFAIS. La Sala examina el expediente administrativo y verifica que el gobierno local inició procedimientos de fiscalización, realizó múltiples inspecciones, mediaciones e impuso medidas correctivas como traslado de taller mecánico y flotilla de camiones a otra jurisdicción, establecimiento de horarios y construcción de tapias. El Ministerio de Salud efectuó mediciones sónicas que demostraron que los niveles de ruido no sobrepasaban los límites reglamentarios. La Sala considera que no hubo omisión por parte de las autoridades y que se atendieron las denuncias, por lo que declara sin lugar el recurso. El voto de mayoría incluye una nota separada de la Magistrada Hernández López y del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado, quienes coinciden en que la intervención fue adecuada y no se vulneraron derechos fundamentales.
Key excerptExtracto clave
V.- Regarding the arguments raised by the petitioners, indicating that despite having repeatedly gone to the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia to report the events described in the petition, the local government has still not resolved their situation. On this matter, this Tribunal considers that the Municipality of San Rafael has not generated omissions that violate the fundamental rights of the petitioners. As derived from the sworn statements made by the respondent municipality, an investigation and oversight procedure was opened to process the complaints of the petitioners, and several meetings were also held with the interested parties. Moreover, during the oversight and investigative stage, administrative actions were taken so that the business named Los Hermanos Jefais could correct the reported situations, such as operating hours, operation of a mechanical workshop for repairing its own fleet of vehicles, parking of heavy and light vehicles on the premises, storage of sand, stone, and ballast on the south side of the neighbors' wall, construction of a wall on the neighbors' side, sidewalks, and obstruction of public roads. It is clear from the evidence that the business named Los Hermanos Jefais, S. A., complied with the actions and recommendations given by the respondent Municipality. [...] Therefore, it is proven that it was not demonstrated that the Hermanos JEFAIS hardware store produces noise pollution above the parameters stipulated by the regulations.V.- Respecto a los alegatos esgrimidos por los recurrentes, indicando que a pesar de haber acudido en varias ocasiones ante la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia, para denunciar los hechos descritos en el libelo de interposición, el gobierno local accionado aún no les ha resuelto su situación. Sobre el particular, considera este Tribunal, que la Municipalidad de San Rafael no ha generado conductas omisivas que vulneraran los derechos fundamentales de los amparados. Según se desprende de las manifestaciones bajo juramento rendidas por el ayuntamiento recurrido, se procedió con la apertura de un procedimiento de investigación y fiscalización para dar trámite a las denuncias de accionantes, asimismo se realizaron varias reuniones con las partes interesadas. Además, durante la fiscalización y etapa investigativa, se tomaron acciones administrativas para que el negocio denominado Los Hermanos Jefais corrigiera las situaciones denunciadas, tales como horario, funcionamiento de taller mecánico para reparación de vehículos de su propia flotilla, estacionamiento de vehículos pesados, livianos en el predio, almacenamiento de arena, piedra y lastre al costado sur de la tapia de vecinos, construcción tapia lado de vecinos, aceras, obstrucción a la vía pública. Se desprende del material probatorio que el negocio denominado Los Hermanos Jefais, S. A., cumplió con las acciones y recomendaciones dadas por el Municipio accionado. [...] Por ello, se comprueba que no se demostró que desde la Ferretería Hermanos JEFAIS se produzca contaminación sónica por encima a de los parámetros estipulados por la normativa.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Sobre el particular, considera este Tribunal, que la Municipalidad de San Rafael no ha generado conductas omisivas que vulneraran los derechos fundamentales de los amparados."
"On this matter, this Tribunal considers that the Municipality of San Rafael has not generated omissions that violate the fundamental rights of the petitioners."
Considerando V
"Sobre el particular, considera este Tribunal, que la Municipalidad de San Rafael no ha generado conductas omisivas que vulneraran los derechos fundamentales de los amparados."
Considerando V
"en asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa."
"in environmental matters, it is the undersigned's opinion that if the Public Administration has already intervened, its knowledge and resolution falls under the contentious-administrative jurisdiction."
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado
"en asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa."
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado
"cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso ... sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto."
"when other rights of the persons affected by the source of pollution are at stake, among them, health, quality of life and the right to enjoy a healthy environment free from pollution (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as occurs in this case ... I do address the merits of the matter."
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado
"cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso ... sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto."
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Case File: 19-019345-0007-CO Type of Matter: Amparo appeal Judgment with protected data, in accordance with current regulations *190193450007CO* CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine thirty hours on March sixth, two thousand twenty.
Amparo appeal processed in case file No. 19-019345-0007-CO, filed by [Name 001], identity card No. [Value 001], [Name 002], identity card No. [Value 002], [Name 003], identity card No. [Value 003], [Name 004], identity card No. [Value 004], on behalf of RESIDENTS OF LA SUIZA DE SAN RAFAEL DE HEREDIA, against the MUNICIPALITY OF SAN RAFAEL DE HEREDIA.
Whereas:
At 19:00 hours, employees leave, and at 19:20 hours, the main curtain is closed, and thereafter everything is calm until 22:10 hours. It is clarified that at 20:30 hours, the sound of hammering is heard; it does not belong to the Ferretería (hardware store), but to a neighboring resident. A record is made, and photos are taken. Record (Acta) 7749-50 (See folios 0522 to 0526) May 23, 2019 Time 17:50 to 22:05 Findings: At 17:50, some trucks enter and park near the entrance. At 18:00 hours, gates are closed, staff leave, and some curtains are closed. From 18:20 to 22:05, everything is calm. Findings: From 04:30 to 04:40, everything is calm. At 04:45, the main curtain is opened and lights are turned on, and the curtain is closed; everything is calm and silent. At 06:15 hours, staff enter, and the main curtains are opened. At 06:47, a small vehicle enters to the back of the property, and there is vehicular movement at the back of the property, with a forklift working without causing a disturbance.
Record (Acta) 7836 (See folios 0538 to 540-V) May 30, 2019 Time 18:00 to 22:10 Findings: From 18:00 hours until 22:10, everything is off and calm. Materials like sand, stone, or ballast (lastre) at the facilities are an input inherent to the commercial activity and are kept at the back of the property. It is clarified that the non-conformity denounced on this matter by the neighbors was that these materials were kept against the wall on the south side of the business bordering the access alley; they were removed from the site. Currently, it is used as a parking area for customers and business vehicles, according to the ocular inspection record (acta inspección ocular) 7714-15 of May 9, 2019. (See folios 454 to 459). The property located in the cantón of San Pablo de Heredia corresponds to another jurisdiction; however, it is clarified by the Hermanos Jefais, through a note received by the Mayor's Office (Alcaldía), that the south part of the parking area was relocated to their property in that cantón.
Likewise, the Taller Mecánico (mechanical workshop) that was located adjacent to the Ferretería building was relocated to the mentioned site. According to record (acta) 7924 of June 13, 2019, an ocular inspection of the Depósito Jefais facilities was conducted, and Mr. Isidro Apuy Cheng reiterated the transfer of the trucks to this location. (See folios 542 to 549) The construction of a block wall (tapia de block) and a vehicular traffic study (estudio de tránsito vehicular) in the area were requested from Ing. Erick Camacho Sánchez, as the professional responsible for the Department of Urban and Territorial Planning Management and the Technical Road Unit, through official communication No. P-315-2019 of April 30, 2019, for his intervention in this regard. (See folio 0431). Through official communication MSRH-DPUT-143-2019, of June 17, 2019, he states verbatim...\" Regarding the construction of a perimeter wall (tapia perimetral), I indicate that said work alone will not substantially reduce sonic and/or environmental contamination (in case such a situation is occurring), especially considering that at said site, no work with heavy machinery is performed, nor is there a stockpile of granulated materials like stone or sand.
Even through a field inspection, it was possible to verify that the property where the commercial activity takes place is practically delimited by walls of block, structural zinc, and cyclone mesh. Therefore, in the opinion of this office, the construction of block walls in places where one already exists will not significantly change the current conditions. Regarding the road reorganization study prepared for the city center the previous year, the intersection where the B.C.R. is located was not taken into account; it is assumed that this is because there is no vehicular congestion at that site at any time. However, a traffic study (estudio de tránsito) will be quoted for, focused on the road impact that the commercial activity development of Hermanos Jefais, S.A. might or might not be causing.\" It is worth mentioning that collaboration was also requested from the Policía de Tránsito (Traffic Police) through official communication P-319-2019, to Mr.
Josua Ulate Hernández. (See folio 0432). Regarding the schedule and signage. It is clarified that the operating hours assigned by this municipality are from 07:30 hours to 18:00 hours, and for distribution and loading of materials, they may enter at 06:30 hours, maintaining order and neighbors' tranquility, according to official communication MSRH-P-OF-642-2018, notified on September 4, 2018, to the neighbors. Through official communication P-320-2019, of May 2, 2019, Hermanos Jefais, S.A. is warned and ordered as follows: (See folio 0468-F to 0469-V). a) Respect the operating hours granted by this municipality, which are from 07:30 hours to 18:00 hours for public service, and from 06:30 hours they may enter to load small vehicles. b) Respect and maintain the sign with the operating hours facing the public road and visible, verified by ocular inspection record (acta inspección ocular) 7714-15, of May 9, 2019. c) The placement of a sign prohibiting the use of horns (pitoretas) within the facilities is recommended to maintain a healthy and balanced environment.
Verified by ocular inspection record (acta de inspección ocular) 7720 of May 13, 2019. Sonic measurement (Medición sónica). Through official communication P-314-2019 of April 30, 2019, the intervention of the Health Area (Área de Salud) - San Rafael - Barva was requested to conduct a sonic measurement inspection, in coordination with the neighbors, during the following hours: from 05:00 hours to 06:00, and from 18:00 hours to 22:00 hours, at the business called Los Hermanos Jefais S.A. To date, there is no response; the request was reiterated through official communication P-533-2019, of July 16, 2019. Follow-up will be provided. (See folio 0446-F to 04447-V). Operating Hours Sign: Through ocular inspection record (acta de inspección ocular) 7714-15 of May 9, 2019, compliance with the placement of the mentioned sign is verified, at the entrance of the business and visible. (See folios 0454 to 0459).
Regarding the recommendations and actions given by the municipality, the detail of the progress of each request, on the part of Deposito Jefais, according to a report received by the Mayor's Office on May 21, 2019, states verbatim: (See folios 0497 to 0504).” They add: Administrative conclusions of this process: “… Regarding the established schedule, immediate action will be taken to warn the patent holder (patentado) to fully respect and comply with it, because during the oversight process, it was verified that on some minimal occasions, the schedule was breached. This schedule will be maintained until the intervention of the Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), so that they perform the sonic measurement (medición sónica), in order to maintain or modify it. Regarding the request for a meeting with the representatives of the Comité de Vecinos de la Suiza (La Suiza Neighborhood Committee), in response to official communication AMSRH-0580-2019, of May 23, 2019, it was convened for Monday, July 15, 2019, at 10:30, with the Tax Directorate and Legal Advisory; it was suspended at the request of the neighbors, who alleged they would comply with the recommendations according to official communications SCM-137-2019 and 024-2019-AIM-MSRH.
(See folios 541-F to 0521-V and 551 to folio 0555).- Through official communication CNARS SRB 2107-2018, dated August 1, 2019, signed by Dra. Ana Lorena Sánchez, a response is given to official communications signed by the Administration (P-314-2019, of April 30, 2019, and P-533-2019, of July 16, 2019), regarding the request for Sonic measurement, indicating that they have not performed it because the sound level meter was under review. Therefore, the measurement is scheduled, and they will report on its result. (See folio 0350 to 0351). Through official communication MS-DRRSCN-DARSSRB-1581-2019, dated August 16, 2019, signed by Ana Lorena Sánchez Sánchez, a response is given regarding the result of the sonic measurement in follow-up to the complaint against the business called Los Hermanos Jefaís. Through the technical report MS-DRRSCN-DAR-SSRB-IT-1565-2019, it is indicated that 15 samplings were taken from the house of Mrs. [Name 004], ID No. [Value 004].
Licda. Shirley Quirós Pérez, Health Professional, states verbatim… \"The premises known as Ferretería, store, and warehouse for JFI materials; located in San Rafael, 75 meters south of the Manolo shopping center, complies with the provisions of the Reglamento para la Contaminación Ambiental por el ruido (Regulation for Environmental Contamination by Noise), since it is not proven by the technical test performed that it generates environmental contamination by noise. Therefore, it is the criterion of the undersigned that the case be closed and archived\". (Underlining and bold are ours). (See folios 0568 to 0571) The Patents Unit conducted an oversight process during daytime and nighttime hours. The following movements were recorded: FINDINGS: Record (Acta) No. 8083-85-86-87, of September 2, 2019, during the early morning. From 04:20 hours to 04:30 hours, everything is calm. (See folios 0572 to 0579-V).
From 04:45 hours to 05:00 hours, an automobile enters; the person does not stay more than 5 minutes and leaves, without making any noise. From 06:10 hours to 06:25 hours, staff enter on foot and another on a motorcycle; he parks it immediately. No noise is detected coming from the Ferretería. From 06:30 hours to 06:48 hours, staff continue to enter on foot; everything is calm. At 06:37 hours, a truck is turned on inside the property, which is moved to the back of it and turned off immediately. No noises are heard coming from the property. The curtain at the main entrance of the Ferretería is observed open halfway; everything is calm and silent. From 17:50 hours to 18:30 hours, upon arriving at the site, they are still operating. Everything passes calmly. At 18:00 hours, the main gate is closed, and staff begin to leave on foot and in vehicles. They close gates and turn off lights. From 20:50 hours to 21:10 hours, everything is calm.
From 21:50 hours to 22:10 hours, everything is calm; no disturbance or noise; everything is off and silent. Early morning inspection, September 3, 2019, Records (Actas) No. 8093-94-95 (See folios 0585 to 0591). From 04:30 hours to 05:00 hours, everything passes calmly. At 04:45 hours, lights are turned on and the main curtain is opened. Everything remains always calm and silent. At 04:57 hours, the curtain is closed calmly and in silence. From 05:40 hours to 05:50 hours, everything is calm and without noise. From 06:10 hours to 06:45 hours, staff and a motorcycle enter without causing noise. The gates remain closed to the public. At 06:33 hours, a truck is turned on, moved to the back, loaded in five minutes, and parked in the front area. Staff continue to enter; everything remains calm. Afternoon-night inspection, Records (Actas) 8098-99-100 (See folios 0592 to 0597). From 18:00 hours to 18:35 hours, at the time of inspection, it is observed that the main gates facing the street are closed, and employees leave on foot and in vehicles, without causing disturbances or noise.
At 18:30 hours, the curtain at the entrance of the Ferretería remains open and lights are on; everything passes without noise. From 19:27 hours to 19:45 hours, the curtains remain open and the lights are on; there is no noise. At 19:29 hours, forklift movement is seen without causing noise; it heads to the back of the property, after which the workers leave, everything calm and without noise. From 21:00 hours to 22:03 hours, the lights remain on and the curtain open; everything is silent. At 21:03 hours, lights are turned off and curtains are closed, keeping everything calm; no movement, nor is any noise heard. Minutes later, people enter without causing noise. At 05:02 hours, people are observed leaving the Ferretería and closing the curtain, and moments later the vehicle leaves; everything remains calm and silent. From 05:58 hours to 06:45 hours, a truck enters and parks in front of the main gate; the engine is immediately turned off; five minutes later it leaves the place.
At 06:15, a forklift is turned on at the back of the Ferretería property; a motorcycle enters, parks, and turns off the engine. 06:30, trucks leave for the back of the property and park in the front part of the property, turning off their engines. 06:40, loaded vehicles enter and head to the back of the Ferretería. The vehicular movement inside the Ferretería is noticeable; it is not open to the public. Afternoon-night inspection, Records (Actas) 8154-55-56 and 58 (See 0603 to 0608). From 18:00 hours to 18:23 hours. At 18:00 hours, the gate is closed and staff leave on foot and in vehicles; everything is calm. From 18:30 hours to 18:50 hours, a truck loaded with block enters and heads to the back of the property; the engine is turned off immediately. From 19:20 hours to 19:55 hours, staff leave on foot and in vehicles, without causing noise. From 21:45 hours to 22:03 hours, everything is calm and silent.
Early morning inspection, September 5, 2019: Records (Actas) 8160-62 (See folios 0609 to 0612-V). From 04:30 hours to 05:10 hours, gates are closed, curtain open and light on, but calm. At 04:50, a vehicle and motorcycle arrive and enter the property; seven minutes later the vehicle leaves, leaving everything calm. From 06:00 hours to 06:49. At 06:10, staff enter. At 06:20, a truck is turned on at the back of the property and remains on until 06:33 hours; it is placed near one of the entrances and remains on for thirteen minutes. At this time, the forklift begins unloading materials from the truck. Afternoon-night inspection: Record (Acta) 8163-64 (See folio 0613 0615). From 20:00 hours to 20:13 hours, everything passed calmly. From 21:49 hours to 22:05 hours, everything was calm. FINAL CONCLUSION: In order to comply with the Principle of Legality, Article 11 of the Constitución Política (Political Constitution) and Articles 11, 113, and 114 of the Ley General de Administración Pública (General Law of Public Administration) and the Código Municipal (Municipal Code), the municipal administration concludes: 1.
In order to fulfill the obligations and duties as public servants to satisfy the public interest of the citizens, from the moment the neighbors' complaint was filed (July 27, 2016), the Municipalidad proceeded responsibly, in accordance with the provisions of current legislation for this purpose, and initiated Due Process (Debido Proceso). 2. The patent holder (patentado), Los Hermanos Jefais, S. A., Legal ID No. 3-101-480873, was warned about the investigation and oversight process that the Local Government would carry out to process the neighbors' complaint; likewise, several meetings were held with the interested parties. 3. In the oversight process and investigative stage, administrative actions were taken to correct the situation, such as: operating hours, operation of the mechanical workshop for repairing vehicles of their own fleet, parking of heavy and light vehicles on the property, storage of sand, stone, and ballast on the south side of the neighbors' wall, construction of a wall on the neighbors' side, sidewalks, and obstruction of the public road. During the oversight process, the business called Los Hermanos Jefais, S. A., complied with the actions and recommendations given by the Municipio.
It was not demonstrated that the Hermanos JEFAIS hardware store produces sonic pollution exceeding the parameters stipulated by the regulations. It adds that, through official communication P-634-2019, Licenciado Mauricio Vargas Charpentier of the Tax Directorate and Isabel Miranda Solís, head of the licensing department, recommended exhausting the administrative channels because actions have been taken and compliance has been achieved with the administrative recommendations, oversight processes, and the professional technical opinion of the Ministry of Health. On February 21, 2020, Licenciada Carolina Barquero Brenes conducted an inspection of the establishment and in inspection report No. 348-2020 indicated that in the area where the maintenance workshop previously operated there is now a parking lot, the workshop was relocated 1 year and 6 months ago to Barrio las Cruces in San Pablo de Heredia, and she observed that at the end of the property, bins (gavetas) were built to store the construction material, where employees sweep and water down the area after trucks are loaded. At the site, she observed the hose used for that purpose, and in addition, a fence of 3.66 cm was placed on top of the existing concrete wall, so the total height is 6.50 meters. 9.- In the procedures followed, the legal requirements have been observed.
Drafted by Magistrate Picado Brenes; and, Considering: I.- PRELIMINARY. Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, as of judgment number 2008-02545 at 08:55 hours on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction –with some exceptions– those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has complied or not with the deadlines set by the General Law of Public Administration (articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, in order to resolve, by final act, an administrative procedure –initiated ex officio or at the request of a party– or to hear the appropriate administrative appeals. Precisely, in the sub lite case, an exception is raised, as this is an amparo appeal where a violation of Article 41 of the Political Constitution is alleged, due to the lack of resolution of an environmental complaint.
Having clarified this point, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this amparo. II.- PURPOSE OF THE APPEAL. The appellants claim they have lived in San Rafael de Heredia for more than 60 years. They indicate that starting in 2008, a hardware store and bazaar called Hermanos JEFAIS began to be built in the neighborhood where they reside, which from then on began to affect their peace and tranquility. They state that they began to report certain anomalies to the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia. They point out that over time, the situation with said business worsened, which grew and resulted in trucks loaded with materials arriving in front of their homes from 03:00 hrs. in the morning, keeping their engines running, and blocking the entrances and exits of their homes. A situation that, as of the date of filing this amparo, has not been resolved by the respondent local council. III.- PROVEN FACTS. Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly demonstrated:
Regarding the facts related to the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia: The appellants claim they have lived in San Rafael de Heredia for more than 60 years (uncontested fact). The hardware store and bazaar called Hermanos JEFAIS meets the following requirements for its operation: a sanitary operating permit issued by the Ministry of Health for a warehouse, hardware store, store, and depot, No. 546, valid until August 1, 2023, and it is up to date with the payment of municipal taxes (see evidence provided by the respondent Municipality). On July 27, 2016, the respondent municipal entity received for the first time a formal complaint from the amparo petitioners regarding the operation of the business called Los Hermanos Jefais; among the irregularities reported were: “1) Obstruction of the public thoroughfare daily.
Regarding the facts related to the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health: The hardware store and bazaar called Hermanos JEFAIS has sanitary operating permit No. 452, since November 13, 2008, with renewals on November 21, 2013 (permit 668), and August 1, 2018 (permit 546). The current permit is valid and expires on August 1, 2023. The permits were granted in compliance with the regulations for that purpose, among them the land use (uso de suelo) granted by the Municipality of San Rafael (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On July 23, 2014, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received an anonymous complaint against Ferretería Hermanos JEFAI, regarding that the material warehouse did not have sanitary facilities for employees and clients (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On July 27, 2014, Mr. Sergio Núñez, an official of the Health Rectory Area San Rafael Barva, conducted an inspection at the site and observed that the establishment has two sanitary facilities, one for men and another for women, which can be used by both clients and employees (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On August 20, 2014, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint filed by Mrs. Abigail Rodríguez Murúa, regarding that said hardware store was selling thinners like thinner and mineral spirits (Varsol) without complying with the labeling standard (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On September 4, 2014, Mr. Sergio Núñez conducted an inspection at the site and observed that in the establishment, no packaging process for said substances was carried out, that said solvents are supplied by the company Kajeco, and the products are duly registered; however, upon reviewing the label, he observed that it did not have the sanitary registration, so the products were removed from sale (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On September 5, 2014, those responsible for the establishment presented to the Health Rectory Area evidence of the new labels with the proper sanitary registration, so the packaging of products within the establishment was not demonstrated, and the inconsistency in the labeling was corrected (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On September 5, 2016, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint filed by Mr. [Name 003] in which he indicated that the business entrance was a maintenance workshop, the obstruction in the exits and entrances of the locals had increased, preventing the passage of vehicles, that starting at 5:00 am, noise was generated from the engines and alarms of vehicles entering the site; furthermore, on the complaint form, problems of smoke and gases and rainwater or wastewater were marked (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On September 22, 2016, Licenciada Shirley Quirós conducted an inspection at the site, and Mr. Marvin Zúñiga Valerio, representative of the Hardware Store, indicated that corrective measures were being taken, such as ensuring that suppliers bringing material did so after 8:00 am, and also that they were in the process of cementing the property and building a box (cajón) to store the stone so it does not raise dust, in addition to building a property for unloading material (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On September 23, 2016, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a copy of a commitment document signed by Licenciado Isidro Apuy Cheng, owner of Ferretería Hermanos JEFAIS S.A., in which he committed to making changes such as relocating vehicle repair to another sector, as well as changing the schedule for the arrival of suppliers, and construction of a property (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On November 22, 2017, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a note submitted by Mr. [Name 016] and Mrs. [Name 004] in which they expressed their annoyance at the noise generated starting at 5:00 am by the vehicles and employees located at Ferretería Hermanos JEFAIS (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On December 1, 2017, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received complaints from local neighbors, in which they reiterated their annoyance at the operation of the hardware store's material warehouse, specifically regarding dust and the noise generated by the heavy vehicles arriving at the site (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On December 5, 2017, Licenciada Shirley Quirós conducted an inspection at the site, and during it, Mr.
Marvin Zúñiga, manager of the establishment, indicated that the following year they would move the wagons, trucks, and materials to a property located in San Pablo; regarding the dust, she observed that a higher wall was being built to avoid bothering the neighbors (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On March 8, 2018, Licenciado Isidro Apuy presented a note indicating that the wagons had been moved to the property in San Pablo de Heredia, and that an 8-meter-high wall was built to prevent dust from affecting the neighbors (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On March 9, 2018, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint from Mr. [Name 003], Mrs. [Name 004], and Mr. [Name 017] in which they indicated that the nuisances from dust and vehicle noise continued, as well as from the operation of the maintenance workshop within the premises (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On May 30, 2018, at 9:38 am, Licenciada Ana Lucrecia Hernández and Licenciada Shirley Quirós performed a sonic measurement from the home of Mr. Rubén [Name 001], located in front of the establishment, and the result did not exceed the decibels permitted by law, yielding a value of 48.45 decibels, taking the maximum value of 70 decibels as the limit for a mixed zone, so noise pollution from Ferretería JFI was not proven (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On July 3, 2018, Licenciada Shirley Quirós carried out an inspection visit and observed that the maintenance workshop had been moved to another location; she also indicated that she spoke with Mr. [Name 003], and he told her that the noise nuisance was from the vehicles passing on the road and from the loading and unloading of materials from vehicles, so she concluded that this aspect is Municipal jurisdiction and the noise problem from vehicles should be addressed by the MOPT (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On March 8, 2019, the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint filed by neighbors of Ferretería Hermanos JEFAIS for pollution, noise from running engines, horns, and engine brakes of vehicles, smoke, trucks loaded with blocks, cement, sand, stone, ballast, fiber cement sheets, reinforcing rods, metal tubing; they claimed that the trucks entered and exited with all the material uncovered, so they requested a sanitary order be issued and the construction material warehouse be relocated to another zone (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On March 8, 2019, a meeting was held at the Directorate of the Health Rectory Area San Rafael Barva with neighbors [Name 017], [Name 018], [Name 019], [Name 003], in which it was agreed to perform a sonic measurement at the time the complainants indicated (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On August 9, 2019, at 07:05 am, a sonic measurement was performed from the home of Mrs. [Name 004] by officials Carolina Barquero and Shirley Quirós, and the value obtained was 66.8 decibels, taking the maximum admissible value for a mixed zone as 70 decibels. It was not demonstrated that the Hermanos JEFAIS hardware store produces sonic pollution exceeding the parameters stipulated by the regulations (see report rendered under oath by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health). On September 16, 2019, with official communication P-634-2019, Licenciado Mauricio Vargas Charpentier of the Tax Directorate and Isabel Miranda Solís, head of the licensing department, recommended exhausting the administrative channels because actions had been taken and compliance with the administrative recommendations, oversight processes, and the professional technical opinion of the Ministry of Health had been achieved (see evidence provided by the Health Rectory Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
On February 21, 2020, Licenciada Carolina Barquero Brenes conducted an inspection of the establishment in inspection report No. 348-2020 and indicated that in the area where the maintenance workshop previously operated there is now a parking lot, the workshop was relocated 1 year and 6 months ago to Barrio las Cruces in San Pablo de Heredia; she observed that at the end of the property, bins (gavetas) were built to store the construction material, and where employees sweep and water down the area after trucks are loaded.
At the site, he observed the hose used for that purpose; additionally, a fence of 3.66 cm was placed on top of the existing concrete wall, so the total height is 6.50 meters (see report rendered under oath by the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health).
The petitioners allege that they have lived in San Rafael de Heredia for more than 60 years. They indicate that starting in 2008, a hardware store and bazaar called Hermanos JEFAIS began to be built in the neighborhood where they reside; which from that point on began to affect their peace and tranquility. They state that they began to report certain anomalies to the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia. They point out that over time, the situation with said business worsened, as it grew and resulted in fully loaded trucks arriving in front of their houses from 3:00 a.m., keeping their engines running, blocking entrances and exits to their homes. A situation that, as of the date of filing this amparo, has not been resolved by the respondent local council. From the report rendered by the respondent authority—which is given under oath with the consequences, including criminal ones, provided for in Article 44 of the law governing this Jurisdiction—and the evidence provided for the resolution of the sub judice, it has been demonstrated that on July 27, 2016, the respondent municipal entity received for the first time the formal complaint from the protected parties regarding the operation of the business called Los Hermanos Jefais. Among the irregularities, they reported: “1) Daily obstruction of the public road.
V.Regarding the arguments put forth by the petitioners, indicating that despite having appealed to the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia on several occasions to report the facts described in the filing brief, the respondent local government still has not resolved their situation. In this regard, this Court considers that the Municipality of San Rafael has not generated omissions that violated the fundamental rights of the protected parties. As can be deduced from the statements given under oath by the respondent local government, an investigation and supervision procedure was opened to process the petitioners' complaints, and several meetings were also held with the interested parties. Furthermore, during the supervision and investigative stage, administrative actions were taken so that the business called Los Hermanos Jefais would correct the reported situations, such as the schedule, operation of the mechanical workshop for repairing vehicles of its own fleet, parking of heavy and light vehicles on the property, storage of sand, stone, and ballast on the south side of the neighbors' wall, construction of the wall on the neighbors' side, sidewalks (aceras), and obstruction of the public road.
It follows from the evidentiary material that the business called Los Hermanos Jefais, S. A., complied with the actions and recommendations given by the respondent Municipality. For example, the respondent entity reported under oath that the aggregate located on the south side of the parking lot, property of the denounced company, was relocated to a property located in San Pablo de Heredia.
V.Ergo, it is not possible to prove an omission on the part of the authorities of the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia in addressing the complaints filed by the petitioners. As a corollary to the foregoing, the appropriate course of action is to declare the appeal without merit.
VI.Having said that, given that circumstances may vary from one period to another, generating new facts that could potentially affect the fundamental right to a healthy environment, the petitioners, like any other person who considers themselves affected, may file the necessary complaints, and the respondent Municipality is obliged to address them. In this case, the complaints filed by the neighbors were indeed addressed.
From the report rendered by the respondent authority—which is given under oath with the consequences, including criminal ones, provided for in Article 44 of the law governing this Jurisdiction—and the evidence provided for the resolution of the sub judice, it has been demonstrated that the hardware store and bazaar called Hermanos JEFAIS holds a sanitary operating permit (permiso sanitario de funcionamiento) No. 452, since November 13, 2008; likewise, the current permit is valid and expires on August 1, 2023. Similarly, it has been proven that on July 23, 2014, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received an anonymous complaint against the Hermanos JEFAI Hardware Store, regarding the fact that the materials warehouse did not have sanitary facilities for employees and clients. In response to this, on July 27, 2014, Mr. Sergio Núñez, an official of the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva, conducted an inspection at the location and observed that the establishment has two sanitary facilities, one for men and one for women, which can be used by both clients and employees.
Likewise, on August 20, 2014, it received a complaint filed by Mrs. Abigail Rodríguez Murúa, regarding the fact that said hardware store was selling solvents such as thinner and mineral spirits (Varsol) without complying with the labeling standard. Therefore, on September 4, 2014, Mr. Sergio Núñez conducted an inspection at the location and observed that at the establishment, no packaging process for said substances was being carried out, that said solvents are supplied by the company Kajeco, and the products are duly registered; however, upon reviewing the label, he observed that it did not have the sanitary registration, so the products were removed from sale. Nevertheless, on September 5, 2014, the responsible parties for the establishment presented the Health Governing Area with evidence of the new labels with the due sanitary registration, so the packaging of the product within the establishment was not demonstrated, and the labeling inconsistency was corrected.
On September 5, 2016, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint filed by Mr. [Name 003], in which he indicated that the business entrance was a maintenance workshop, that obstruction at the exits and entrances for local residents had increased, preventing the passage of vehicles, that from 5:00 a.m. noise was generated from the engines and alarms of vehicles entering the place, and additionally, on the complaint sheet, problems with smoke and gases and stormwater or sewage were marked. Therefore, on September 22, 2016, Licda. Shirley Quirós conducted an inspection at the location, and Mr. Marvin Zúñiga Valerio, representative of the Hardware Store, indicated that corrective measures were being taken, such as suppliers delivering material after 8:00 a.m., and additionally, that they were in the process of paving the property and building a bin to store the stone so it would not raise dust, and also that a site would be built for unloading material.
It was verified that on September 23, 2016, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a copy of a commitment document signed by Lic. Isidro Apuy Cheng, owner of the Hardware Store Hermanos JEFAIS S.A., in which he committed to making changes such as relocating vehicle repair to another sector, changing the schedule for supplier arrivals, and building a site. And on November 22, 2017, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a note presented by Mr. [Name 016] and Mrs. [Name 004] in which they expressed their annoyance at the noise generated from 5:00 a.m. by the vehicles and employees present at the Hermanos JEFAIS Hardware Store. Additionally, on December 1, 2017, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received complaints from local neighbors, reiterating their annoyance at the operation of the hardware store's materials warehouse, specifically due to dust and the noise generated by the heavy vehicles arriving at the location.
Therefore, on December 5, 2017, Licda. Shirley Quirós conducted an inspection at the location, and during it, Mr. Marvin Zúñiga, the establishment's manager, indicated that the following year they would move the station wagons, trucks, and materials to a property located in San Pablo. Regarding the dust, he observed that a higher wall was being built to avoid bothering the neighbors. In turn, it is verified that on March 8, 2018, Lic. Isidro Apuy submitted a note indicating that the station wagons had been moved to the property in San Pablo de Heredia, and additionally, that an 8-meter wall had been built to prevent dust from affecting the neighbors. On March 9, 2018, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint from Mr. [Name 003], Mrs. [Name 004], and Mr. [Name 017] indicating that the nuisances from dust and vehicle noise continued, and also from the operation of the maintenance workshop inside the premises.
It is verified that on May 30, 2018, at 9:38 a.m., Licda. Ana Lucrecia Hernández and Licda. Shirley Quirós conducted a sonic measurement from the home of Mr. Rubén [Name 001], located in front of the establishment, and the result thereof did not exceed the decibels permitted by legislation, resulting in a value of 48.45 decibels, taking as the maximum limit the value of 70 decibels for a mixed zone, so no noise pollution from the JFI Hardware Store was proven. Likewise, on July 3, 2018, Licda. Shirley Quirós conducted an inspection visit and observed that the maintenance workshop had been moved to another location; additionally, she stated that she spoke with Mr. [Name 003] and he told her that the noise nuisance was from vehicles passing on the road and from the loading and unloading of materials from the vehicles, so she concluded that this aspect is a Municipal competency and the vehicle noise problem should be addressed by the MOPT.
Additionally, on March 8, 2019, the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health received a complaint filed by neighbors of the Hermanos JEFAIS Hardware Store regarding pollution, noise from running engines, horns, and engine braking of vehicles, smoke, trucks loaded with block, cement, sand, stone, ballast, fiber cement sheets, rebar, and metal pipe, claiming that the trucks entered and left with all the material uncovered, so they requested a sanitary order be issued and the construction materials warehouse be moved to another zone. In response to this, on March 8, 2019, a meeting was held at the Health Governing Area Directorate of San Rafael Barva with neighbors [Name 017], [Name 018], [Name 019], [Name 003], in which it was agreed to conduct a sonic measurement during the schedule that the complainants would indicate. In turn, it is verified that on August 9, 2019, at 7:05 a.m., a sonic measurement was conducted from the home of Mrs. [Name 004] by officials Carolina Barquero and Shirley Quirós, and the value obtained was 66.8 decibels, taking as the maximum admissible value for a mixed zone the value of 70 decibels.
Therefore, it is verified that it was not demonstrated that the Hermanos JEFAIS Hardware Store produces noise pollution exceeding the parameters stipulated by the regulations. On the other hand, it is verified that on September 16, 2019, by official letter P-634-2019, Lic. Mauricio Vargas Charpentier from the Tax Directorate and Isabel Miranda Solís, head of the licensing department, recommended exhausting the administrative route because actions and compliance with administrative recommendations, supervision processes, and the professional technical opinion of the Ministry of Health had been carried out. In addition, it was proven that on February 21, 2020, Licda. Carolina Barquero Brenes conducted an inspection at the establishment and in inspection record No. 348-2020 noted that in the area where the maintenance workshop previously operated, there is now a parking lot; the workshop was relocated 1 year and 6 months ago to Barrio las Cruces in San Pablo de Heredia; she observed that at the rear of the property, bins were built to store construction material and where employees sweep and water after truck loading. At the site, she observed the hose used for that purpose; additionally, a fence of 3.66 cm was placed on top of the existing concrete wall, so the total height is 6.50 meters.
VIII.In relation to the foregoing, it is not possible to prove an omission on the part of the authorities of the Municipality of San Rafael de Heredia in addressing the complaints filed by the petitioners. Likewise, it was possible to prove that regarding the activity developed, the required improvements have been made in order to minimize nuisances to neighbors or damage to the local environment. On the other hand, it was proven that the permitted noise levels are not exceeded, a situation that was verified by the sonic measurement conducted by the health authority. Consequently, the appropriate course of action is to declare the appeal without merit also with respect to the Health Governing Area of San Rafael Barva of the Ministry of Health.
IX.SEPARATE NOTE BY JUDGE HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ As a general line, I maintain that claims for omissions by state authorities in relation to their surveillance duties can and must be addressed by the competent administrative and control bodies, as well as by the ordinary jurisdiction.— But I have also made the caveat that the endangerment of rights such as physical integrity or health warrants the intervention of this Court.— This occurs in this specific case, as demonstrated by the list of proven facts that allow for the conclusion that there is an imminent danger to people's health, and the propriety with which the competent authorities have addressed the problem is discussed.— For these reasons, I concur with the majority vote.
In environmental matters, it is the opinion of the undersigned that if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, its knowledge and resolution correspond to the administrative litigation jurisdiction. However, I do proceed to hear the merits of the case when other rights of the persons affected by the source of pollution are at stake, including health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy environment free from pollution (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as occurs in this case, where problems of noise pollution originating from a company's activity are alleged, as well as a risk to the safety of persons and their homes, which affects the health of the petitioners and other local neighbors, in violation of the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a dignified level of quality of life.
The parties are warned that if they have provided any document on paper, as well as objects or evidence contained on any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be retrieved from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Corte Plena in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in the Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The appeal is declared SIN LUGAR. Judge Hernández López files a note. Judge Salazar Alvarado files a separate note.
Fernando Castillo V.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana María Picado B.
Hubert Fernández A.
*ZNF47K7K6SE061*
Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente *190193450007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas treinta minutos del seis de marzo de dos mil veinte .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente No. 19-019345-0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad No. [Valor 001], [Nombre 002], cédula de identidad No. [Valor 002], [Nombre 003], cédula de identidad No. [Valor 003], [Nombre 004] , cédula de identidad No. [Valor 004] , a favor de VECINOS DE LA SUIZA DE SAN RAFAEL DE HEREDIA, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN RAFAEL DE HEREDIA. Resultando: 1.- Por escrito recibido en la Secretaría de la Sala a las 13:21 horas del 16 de octubre de 2019, los recurrentes interponen recurso de amparo contra la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia. Manifiestan que tienen más de 60 años de vivir en San Rafael de Heredia. Indican que a partir de 2008 se comenzó a construir en su barrio una ferretería y bazar denominado Hermanos JEFAIS; cita 100 metros al sur del Banco de Costa Rica, lo que desde entonces empezó a afectar su paz y tranquilidad.
Manifiestan que empezaron a denunciar ciertas anomalías con el paso del tiempo se fue agravando su situación con el citado negocio, el cual, fue creciendo y produjo que llegaran al frente de sus casas furgones cargados desde las 03:00 hrs. del día, manteniendo sus motores encendidos, cerrando entradas y salidas de sus casas. Narran que como vecinos decidieron reunirse y formar una comisión para presentar las respectivas denuncias ante la administración y el concejo municipal. Agregan que sus denuncias también se presentaron ante el Ministerio de Salud, dirigidas a la Doctora Ana Lorena Sánchez Hernández, entregándole pruebas de los denunciado, como fotografías y vídeos de las múltiples irregularidades de este negocio, al verse afectados por tantos furgones, vagonetas, camiones al ritmo de cien al día, produciendo contaminación ambiental por humo. Además, los camiones entran y salen cargados con materiales al descubierto, como por ejemplo, arena, cemento, piedra, lastre, piedrilla, produciendo gran cantidad de polvo, dejando sus motores encendidos, frenos de motor y uso de las pitoretas dentro del local comercial, lo que afecta la salud de niños y adultos mayores.
Indican que el barrio se asemeja ahora a una zona industrial, donde están encerrados en sus casas, teniendo que forrar paredes, cambiar vidrios, mantener las puertas cerradas, viviendo como en cárceles. Manifiestan que el 27 de julio de 2016 presentaron una denuncia ante el Departamento de Patentes de la municipalidad recurrida, lo que reiteraron el 05 de septiembre de 2016, el 30 de septiembre de 2016, ante el alcalde y el concejo municipal el 13 de noviembre de 2017, ante el Director Tributario municipal el 06 de marzo de 2018, de nuevo ante el alcalde el 09 de mayo de 2018, nuevamente ante el Director Tributario municipal el 18 de abril de 2018, ante el Área Rectora de Salud San Rafael-Barva y el alcalde el 22 de mayo de 2018, de nuevo ante el Área Rectora de Salud San Rafael-Barva el 15 de junio de 2018, a partir de las cuales se solucionó un poco la situación. Narran que el 07 de febrero de 2019 decidieron acudir al Concejo Municipal, donde expusieron las denuncias, con fechas y compromisos que se han incumplido.
Agregan que la Auditoría Interna municipal, en oficio No. 024-2019-AIM-MSRH da cuenta de lo siguiente: el 13 de diciembre se le envió oficio MSRH-P-OF824-2017 al patentado para el retiro de la flotilla de camiones, otorgándole un plazo hasta el 31 de enero de 2018; el 02 de marzo de 2018 el Ministerio de Salud realizó una inspección al sitio en la que pudo ratificar que a esa fecha no se habían trasladado los camiones que son los que más ruido generan a los vecinos; el 07 de junio de 2018 la administración municipal, a través de la encargada de patentes, solicitó al negocio por oficio MSRH-P-426-2018 que le indicaran por escrito la fecha en que trasladarían los camiones a otro sitio, lo que a la fecha no han realizado, incumpliendo la orden municipal, sin consecuencia alguna; el 22 de septiembre de 2016, la municipalidad les hizo una propuesta por medio de oficio No. 498-16-P-MSRH; el 05 de octubre de 2016 la municipalidad le indicó a los propietarios del negocio en cuestión, por oficio No. 526-16-P-MSRH, que el horario autorizado para funcionamiento del local es de 07:30 hrs. a 18:00 hrs.; por oficio No, 537-16-P-MSRH, se resumieron los temas convenidos entre los vecinos y el representante de la sociedad.
Narran que a pesar de incumplirse el horario establecido, el 26 de julio de 2018, se le comunica al negocio que el horario sería de 06:30 hrs. a las 18:00 hrs. para carga y descarga de materiales, irrespetando lo acordado con los vecinos y a pesar de la gran cantidad de denuncias sobre la situación y, por el contrario, irrespetando las disposiciones municipales, inician la carga y descarga a las 06:00 hrs. produciendo gran cantidad de ruido que está afectando su salud emocional y física. Agregan que el 25 de abril de 2019, solicitaron una nueva audiencia al Concejo Municipal y su respuesta, según oficio No. SCM-137-2019, fue que como gobierno local no pueden solucionar nada y que buscaran otras alternativas, lo mismo que les indicó la licenciada Ana Cristina Brenes Jaubert, quien sugirió al concejo y a los vecinos acudir a otras instancias. Estiman que tales omisiones resultan violatorias de sus derechos fundamentales.
Solicitan que se declare con lugar el recurso, con las consecuencias de ley. 2.- Mediante resolución de las 14:17 horas del 23 de octubre de 2019, se dio curso al proceso y se solicitó informe al Alcalde, al Presidente del Concejo y al Jefe del Departamento de Patentes, todos de la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia.
Redacta la Magistrada Picado Brenes; y, Considerando: I.- DE PREVIO. Antes de analizar el fondo del asunto debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia número 2008-02545 de las 08:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa –con algunas excepciones– aquellos asuntos en los que se discute, si la administración pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, a fin de resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo –instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte– o conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en el sub lite, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues se está en un recurso de amparo donde se alega infracción al artículo 41 de la Constitución Política, por la falta de resolución de una denuncia en materia ambiental.
Aclarado el punto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta planteada en este amparo. II.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. Los recurrentes alegan que tienen más de 60 años de vivir en San Rafael de Heredia. Indican que a partir del 2008 se comenzó a construir en el barrio donde residen, una ferretería y bazar denominado Hermanos JEFAIS; lo que desde entonces empezó a afectar su paz y tranquilidad. Manifiestan que empezaron a denunciar ciertas anomalías ante la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia. Señalan que con el paso del tiempo, se fue agravando la situación con dicho negocio, el cual, fue creciendo y produjo que llegaran al frente de sus casas furgones cargados de materiales desde las 03:00 hrs. del día, manteniendo sus motores encendidos, cerrando entradas y salidas de sus casas. Situación que a la fecha de presentación de este amparo, no ha sido solucionado por parte del ayuntamiento recurrido. III.- HECHOS PROBADOS. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
Sobre los hechos relacionados con la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia: Los recurrentes alegan que tienen más de 60 años de vivir en San Rafael de Heredia (hecho incontrovertido). La ferretería y bazar denominado Hermanos JEFAIS, cumple con los siguientes requisitos para su funcionamiento: permiso sanitario de funcionamiento emitido por el Ministerio de Salud para depósito, ferretería, tienda y bodega, No. 546, con una vigencia hasta el 1° de agosto de 2023 y se encuentra al día con el pago de los impuestos municipales (ver prueba aportada por la Municipalidad accionada). El 27 de Julio de 2016, el ente municipal accionado recibió por primera vez, denuncia formal por parte de la amparados sobre el funcionamiento del negocio denominado Los Hermanos Jefais, entre las irregularidades denunciaron: “1) Obstrucción de la vía pública diariamente.
Los recurrentes alegan que tienen más de 60 años de vivir en San Rafael de Heredia. Indican que a partir del 2008, se comenzó a construir en el barrio donde residen, una ferretería y bazar denominado Hermanos JEFAIS; lo que desde entonces empezó a afectar su paz y tranquilidad. Manifiestan que empezaron a denunciar ciertas anomalías ante la Municipalidad de San Rafael de Heredia. Señalan que con el paso del tiempo, se fue agravando la situación con dicho negocio, el cual, fue creciendo y produjo que llegaran al frente de sus casas furgones cargados de materiales desde las 03:00 hrs. del día, manteniendo sus motores encendidos, cerrando entradas y salidas de sus casas. Situación que a la fecha de presentación de este amparo, no ha sido solucionado por parte del ayuntamiento recurrido. Del informe rendido por la autoridad accionada -que se tiene dado bajo fe de juramento con las consecuencias, incluso penales, previstas en el artículo 44 de la ley que rige esta Jurisdicción- y la prueba aportada para la resolución del sub judice , se tiene por demostrado que el 27 de Julio de 2016 , el ente municipal accionado recibió por primera vez, la denuncia formal por parte de la amparados, sobre el funcionamiento del negocio denominado Los Hermanos Jefais, entre las irregularidades denunciaron: “1) Obstrucción de la vía pública diariamente.
IX.NOTA SEPARADA DE LA MAGISTRADA HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ Como línea general sostengo que los reclamos por omisiones de las autoridades estatales en relación con sus deberes de vigilancia, pueden y deben ser atendidos por los órganos administrativos competentes y de control así como por la jurisdicción ordinaria.- Pero también he dejado hecha la salvedad de que la puesta en peligro de derechos como la integridad física o la salud ameritan la intervención de este Tribunal.- Ello sucede en este caso concreto, tal y como se demuestra del elenco de hechos demostrados que permiten concluir que existe un peligro inminente para la salud de las personas y se discute la propiedad con la cual las autoridades competentes han abordado el problema.- Por estas razones es que concurro con el voto de mayoría. X.- NOTA DEL MAGISTRADO SALAZAR ALVARADO. En asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa.
No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que se acusan problemas de contaminación sónica proveniente de la actividad de una empresa, así como un riesgo para la seguridad de las personas y sus viviendas, lo que afecta la salud de los recurrentes y demás vecinos del lugar, con violación del derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI. Por tanto: Se declara SIN LUGAR el recurso. La Magistrada Hernández López pone nota. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota aparte.
Fernando Castillo V.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana María Picado B.
Hubert Fernández A.
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