← Environmental Law Center← Centro de Derecho Ambiental
Res. 03992-2020 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 28/02/2020
OutcomeResultado
The TAA is ordered to resolve file 123-17-03-TAA within two months, and the Municipality of Santa Ana is ordered to resolve the construction administrative procedure within two months and eliminate the illegal dump within six months.Se ordena al TAA resolver el expediente 123-17-03-TAA en dos meses y a la Municipalidad de Santa Ana resolver el procedimiento de construcción y eliminar el vertedero ilegal en dos y seis meses respectivamente.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber reviewed a petition (amparo) filed by the Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de Pozos de Santa Ana against the Municipality of Santa Ana, MINAE, Health Ministry, and Public Prosecutor’s Office regarding an illegal dump on Calle Chinchilla impacting health and environment since 2015. The Chamber partially granted the petition. It found that the Environmental Administrative Tribunal unreasonably delayed processing file 123-17-03-TAA, with months passing between resolutions. The Municipality of Santa Ana issued numerous closure orders and complaints but failed to eliminate the dump or effectively advance the building administrative procedure, breaching the Integrated Waste Management Law (Art. 8(f)). The Chamber ordered the Tribunal to resolve its file within two months, the Municipality to resolve its building procedure within two months and eliminate the illegal dump within six months, under warning of contempt charges. The Health Office, Public Prosecutor, and MINAE Environmental Comptroller were exempted from liability.La Sala Constitucional conoció un amparo interpuesto por la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de Pozos de Santa Ana contra la Municipalidad de Santa Ana, el MINAE, el Ministerio de Salud y el Ministerio Público, por un botadero ilegal de residuos en calle Chinchilla que afectaba la salud y el ambiente desde 2015. La Sala declaró parcialmente con lugar el recurso. Determinó que el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo incurrió en retrasos injustificados en la tramitación del expediente 123-17-03-TAA, con lapsos de meses entre resoluciones, y que la Municipalidad de Santa Ana, a pesar de emitir reiteradas actas de clausura y denuncias, no logró eliminar el vertedero ni impulsar efectivamente el procedimiento administrativo de construcción, incumpliendo la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos (artículo 8 inciso f). La Sala ordenó al TAA resolver el expediente en dos meses, y a la Municipalidad resolver el procedimiento PEALC-MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-013-18 en dos meses y eliminar el vertedero ilegal en seis meses, bajo apercibimiento de desobediencia. Se eximió de responsabilidad al Área Rectora de Salud, al Ministerio Público y al Contralor del Ambiente del MINAE.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Of relevance to this case is, for example, the provision of the Integrated Waste Management Law: “ARTICLE 8.- Functions of the municipalities The municipalities shall be responsible for the integrated management of waste generated in their canton; to that end they shall: (…) f) Prevent and eliminate dump sites in the canton and the unauthorized accumulation of waste. (…)” (underlining added) That is, eliminating illegal dump sites and waste accumulation is an obligation of the municipality. In the same vein, it is observed that the Municipality clearly warned the individual that “…pursuant to the Construction Law, Article 96, if a construction permit is not obtained, and/or the works are contrary to zoning and other applicable regulations, he could even be sanctioned with an order for the demolition of what has been built or another type of penalty provided for in our legal system, with the warning that if he does not do so, the municipality will do so charging the cost to the property account, amounts that generate monthly default interest….” (thus, for example, closure orders MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018 of October 11, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018 of August 16, 2018 and MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018 of June 14, 2018). However, it is not verified that such warnings were materialized in any way.De relevancia para este caso resulta, por ejemplo, lo dispuesto por la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos: “ARTÍCULO 8.- Funciones de las municipalidades Las municipalidades serán responsables de la gestión integral de los residuos generados en su cantón; para ello deberán: (…) f) Prevenir y eliminar los vertederos en el cantón y el acopio no autorizado de residuos. (…)” (El subrayado es agregado) Es decir, eliminar los vertederos y el acopio ilegales constituye una obligación de la municipalidad. En el mismo sentido, se observa que la Municipalidad previno con claridad al administrado que “…conforme lo dispone la ley de construcciones, Artículo 96, si no se obtiene el permiso de construcción, y/o las obras realizadas son contrarias con la zonificación y demás normativa aplicable, podría incluso sancionársele con la orden de demolición de lo construido u otro tipo de sanción prevista en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, con el apercibimiento que si no lo hace, lo hará la municipalidad cargando el costo a la cuenta del inmueble, montos que generan intereses moratorios mensuales….” (así, por ejemplo, actas de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018 del 11 de octubre de 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018del 16 de agosto del 2018 y MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018 del 14 de junio de 2018). Empero, no se verifica que tales prevenciones se hubieran materializado de alguna forma.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Es decir, eliminar los vertederos y el acopio ilegales constituye una obligación de la municipalidad."
"That is, eliminating illegal dump sites and waste accumulation is an obligation of the municipality."
Considerando VI — Sobre el fondo
"Es decir, eliminar los vertederos y el acopio ilegales constituye una obligación de la municipalidad."
Considerando VI — Sobre el fondo
"…si bien la Sala observa algún esfuerzo realizado por las autoridades municipales, no menos cierto es que el problema denunciado continúa actualmente, más de tres años después de que la Municipalidad adquiriera conocimiento de él."
"…although the Chamber observes some effort by the municipal authorities, it is no less true that the reported problem continues currently, more than three years after the Municipality became aware of it."
Considerando VI — Sobre el fondo
"…si bien la Sala observa algún esfuerzo realizado por las autoridades municipales, no menos cierto es que el problema denunciado continúa actualmente, más de tres años después de que la Municipalidad adquiriera conocimiento de él."
Considerando VI — Sobre el fondo
"…transcurrieron aproximadamente diez meses entre el cumplimiento de la prevención por parte del denunciante y la emisión de la resolución del 8 de junio de 2018, lo que constituye un plazo irrazonable para la atención diligente del expediente..."
"…approximately ten months elapsed between the fulfillment of the warning by the complainant and the issuance of the resolution of June 8, 2018, which constitutes an unreasonable period for the diligent handling of the file..."
Considerando V — Sobre el TAA
"…transcurrieron aproximadamente diez meses entre el cumplimiento de la prevención por parte del denunciante y la emisión de la resolución del 8 de junio de 2018, lo que constituye un plazo irrazonable para la atención diligente del expediente..."
Considerando V — Sobre el TAA
"Se ordena a Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza… que elimine el vertedero ilegal, objeto de este proceso, en un plazo no mayor a SEIS MESES… bajo la advertencia que, de no acatar la orden dicha, incurrirá en el delito de desobediencia…"
"It is ordered to Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza… to eliminate the illegal dump, subject of this proceeding, within a period not exceeding SIX MONTHS… under the warning that, if he does not comply with said order, he will incur the crime of disobedience…"
Por tanto
"Se ordena a Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza… que elimine el vertedero ilegal, objeto de este proceso, en un plazo no mayor a SEIS MESES… bajo la advertencia que, de no acatar la orden dicha, incurrirá en el delito de desobediencia…"
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Date of Resolution: February 28, 2020 at 09:40 Case File: 19-020028-0007-CO Type of Matter: Amparo action Constitutional Control: Granting judgment Judgment with separate opinion Relevance Indicators Relevant judgment Content of Interest:
Type of content: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. MATTERS OF PROTECTION Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
GARBAGE.
ENVIRONMENT. INACTION BY THE ADMINISTRATION IS QUESTIONED DUE TO A HEALTH PROBLEM GENERATED BY AN ILLEGAL DUMP. THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANTA ANA IS ORDERED TO ELIMINATE THE ILLEGAL DUMP WITHIN A PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS VCG03/2020 ... See more *190200280007CO* CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours and forty minutes on the twenty-eighth of February of two thousand and twenty.
Amparo action processed in case file No. 19-020028-0007-CO, filed by LOURDES MARÍN DELGADO, identity card number 0900640554, on behalf of the ASOCIACIÓN DE DESARROLLO INTEGRAL DE POZOS DE SANTA ANA, against the MUNICIPALITY OF SANTA ANA, the MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGIA (MINAE), the MINISTERIO DE SALUD, and the MINISTERIO PÚBLICO.
Whereas:
[The property] must be maintained in adequate conditions of order and cleanliness, preventing it from becoming a source of infection, a focus of environmental contamination, or a breeding ground and/or shelter for harmful fauna (fauna nociva). The accumulation of ordinary waste (residuos ordinarios) and waste requiring special handling (residuos de manejo especial) in unauthorized places for such purpose is prohibited, all of the foregoing in accordance with Articles 37, 39, 164, 262, 263, 279, 283, 318, 319, 325, 340, 341, 355, 356, and 357 of the Ley General de Salud 5395 of October 30, 1973, Article 50 of the Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, all of the foregoing in order to protect public health and the environment" (Folios 00058 to 00060) 10. On October 8, 2017, at 10:15 in the morning, pursuant to Inspection Report (Acta de Inspección) No. 01-09-10-17-KVC, a verification of compliance with Sanitary Order (Orden Sanitaria) No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017 was carried out, which is duly documented in Technical Report (Informe Técnico) No. CS-ARSSA-RS-447-2017.
During said inspection, non-compliance with what was ordered in that administrative act (acto administrativo) was confirmed; therefore, it is recommended to proceed with the complaint for disobedience to authority (desobediencia a la autoridad), as warned in the same. (Folios 00061 to 00062) 11. On October 17, 2017, via official communication (oficio) No. CS-ARS-SA-2194-2017, Mr. Alberto Ureña Herrera, in his capacity as Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, was informed of what occurred with his complaint. (Folios 00063 to 00064) 12. On October 25, 2017, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-2193-2017, a complaint was filed before the Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministerio Público), Pavas Prosecutor's Office, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for the crime of disobedience to authority. (Folios 00065 to 00068) 13. On March 8, 2018, an official communication from the Contraventional and Small Claims Court (Juzgado Contravencional y de Menor Cuantía) of Santa Ana, corresponding to case file (expediente) No. 17-000242-1725-FC, was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana), indicating "the diligence requested by the Ministry of Health having been carried out, and there being no pending proceedings, the archiving of the present cause is ordered," the foregoing corresponds to the request for a search warrant (allanamiento) executed in order to address the complaint in question.
(Folios 00069 to 00070) 14. On August 28, 2018, a request from the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo), Case File No. 123-17-03-TAA, Resolution No. 489-18-TAA, corresponding to the complaint filed by Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Environmental Comptroller of the Municipality of Santa Ana, via official communication MSA-GOTPCA-02-042-2017, was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area via email, which was addressed in a timely and proper manner by this Santa Ana Governing Health Area. (Folios 00071 to 00074) 15. On September 6, 2018, via official communication CS-ARS-SA-1622-2019, a response was provided to the request made by the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, indicating the actions taken by this Governing Health Area in the case in question. (Folios 00075 to 00078) 16. On February 21, 2019, Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Environmental Comptroller of the Municipality of Santa Ana, requested a copy of complaint No. 230-2019, which was provided via email.
(Folios 00079 to 00080) 17. On April 23, 2019, a request from the Pavas Prosecutor's Office for certified copies of the documentation offered by Dr. Dagoberto Trejos Azofeifa in case 17-001205-0283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area via email. (Folio 00081) 18. On April 24, 2019, the certified copies were presented before the Pavas Prosecutor's Office under consecutive number CS-ARS-SA-0980-2019. (Folio 00082) 19. On August 22, 2019, a request from the Pavas Prosecutor's Office was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area via email, to the effect that "within three days, state in writing whether you intend to become a private prosecutor (querellante), and if so communicated to this office, you must file the private criminal complaint (querella) within the ten days following the expiration of the previous period." On the day in question, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1898-2019, a timely response was provided, indicating that "this Ministry of Health does not wish to file the private criminal complaint; it is requested to continue with the legal representation through the Procuraduría General de la República, the State's legal representative in matters within its competence." (Folios 00083 to 00085). 20.
On August 21, 2019, a request submitted by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, was filed before this Santa Ana Governing Health Area, by which he requests "information regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of an illegal and clandestine dump (botadero ilegal y clandestino) located on Chinchilla Street, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José, as well as the steps taken by the MINISTRY OF HEALTH to address said complaints. I would appreciate being able to access this information within a period of no more than 10 working days; if this is not possible, please be so kind as to inform me." (Folios 00086 to 00088) 21. On August 29, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019, each of the requests raised by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, cited below, was responded to in a timely and proper manner. a. "Simple copy of any action filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, as well as all actions taken by the Ministry of Health regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of the illegal and clandestine dump located on Chinchilla Street, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José." i. The copies of the requested actions are at your disposal for review and/or copying, in the administrative case file (expediente administrativo) of the case.
You are reminded that you must appear at the Santa Ana Governing Health Area with your respective Costa Rican Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica) card, fill out the "Request for Photocopy Delivery of Case File" form, which will be provided to you at the Single Window (Ventanilla Única), and cover the cost thereof. b. What is the technical and legal opinion of the Ministry of Health for keeping a sanitary operating permit (permiso sanitario de funcionamiento) active when irregularities have been verified at the same site where the permitted activity takes place? i. Currently, this Ministry of Health has not granted any Sanitary Operating Permit for the activity of "waste treatment and disposal" on property (finca) No. 490058--000. ii. During the inspections carried out on the property in question, it has not been possible to demonstrate the commercial activity of "waste treatment and disposal." c. "In the event that closure orders have been issued by the Ministry of Health: What is the status of these procedures?
And how should one proceed if they have not been respected?" i. During the inspections carried out on the reported property, the development of the commercial activity of "waste treatment and disposal" has not been confirmed; therefore, Sanitary Orders were issued ordering the registered owner (propietario registral) to clean the property and carry out the works related to the proper disposal of waste (disposición de los residuos). However, it was confirmed that the accused acts outside the law, opting for behavior in open defiance of the laws; therefore, two complaints were filed for the crime of disobedience to authority before the Public Prosecutor's Office. ii. Likewise, and in accordance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos No. 8839, which establishes that it is the function of the Municipalities to: "Prevent and eliminate dumps in the canton and the unauthorized stockpiling of waste," a request for intervention was made to the Municipality of Santa Ana. d. Given that the Ministry of Health is considered, within the Ley Orgánica del Ambiente and the Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames, as the entity responsible for ensuring the protection and improvement of the environment in human settlements: Have the mechanisms and procedures contemplated in the indicated regulations been activated?
If not: For what technical or legal reason have they not been carried out? i. The generating entities contemplated in the Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames No. 37757-S, in its Article 1, establishes: "...Compliance with this regulation shall be the responsibility of natural and legal persons who carry out industrial, commercial, service, agricultural, or agro-industrial activities within the national territory and whose processes or activities include the production, transport, use, handling, storage, or transfer of any of the substances regulated in this regulation, whether individually or incorporated into the mixtures and products they handle." ii. In the present case, the development of activities such as those indicated above has not been observed." (Folios 00089 to 00093) 22. On September 23, 2019, an official communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas (Juzgado Penal de Pavas) regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area via email, scheduled for DECEMBER FIVE, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, starting at NINE HOURS ZERO MINUTES.
(Folios 00094 to 00095)." It states that in case file 097-2019 (case follow-up), the following actions have taken place: "1. On March 29, 2019, at 10:03 in the morning, pursuant to Inspection Report No. 01-29-03-19-JQV, follow-up on the complaint was carried out; at the reported property, Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas was met, to whom the reason for the inspection was explained; he allowed entry to his property, as detailed in Technical Report No. CS-ARS-SA-RS-093-2019 (Folio 00001 and folios 00005 to 00008). 2. On April 4, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0876-2019, Mr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed of what occurred with the follow-up on the complaint (Folios 00002 to 00004). 3. On April 10, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019, the complaint was transferred to the Municipality of Santa Ana so that they may intervene in resolving the reported environmental issue according to their legal and administrative powers, "in accordance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos No. 8839, which establishes that it is the function of the Municipalities to: Prevent and eliminate dumps in the canton and the unauthorized stockpiling of waste." Said notification was made on April 23, 2019 (Folios 00009 to 00010 and folio 00016). 4.
On April 10, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019, the complaint was transferred to the Environmental Comptroller's Office (Contraloría Ambiental) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy so that they may intervene in resolving the reported environmental issue according to their legal and administrative powers, "in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of the Ley Forestal No. 7575." Said notification was made on April 23, 2019 (Folios 00011 to 00012 and folio 00019). 5. On April 12, 2019, Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 was again notified to Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, bearer of identity document No. 1-0431-0630, in his capacity as registered owner of the property with registered folio number (matricula folio real) No. 490058---000, by which he is ordered to clean the property in question and maintain it in adequate hygienic conditions. (Folios 00013 to 00015). 6.
On April 22, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0966-2019, Mr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed of the follow-up on the complaint. (Folios 00017 to 00018 and 00020) 7. On June 4, 2019, at 11:45 in the morning, pursuant to Inspection Report No. 05-04-06-19-JQV, a verification of compliance with Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 was carried out, which is duly documented in Technical Report No. MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-IT-172-2019. During said inspection, non-compliance with what was ordered in that administrative act was confirmed; therefore, it is recommended to proceed with the complaint for disobedience to authority, as warned in the same. (Folios 00022 to 00026). 8. On June 6, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1314-2019, a new complaint was filed before the Public Prosecutor's Office, Pavas Prosecutor's Office, against Mr.
Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for the crime of disobedience to authority (Folios 00027 to 00031). 9. On June 6, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019, and due to lack of response, follow-up was initiated with the Environmental Comptroller's Office, Ministry of Environment and Energy, regarding the complaint transfer made via official communication CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019 on April 23, 2019. Said notification was made on June 10, 2019 (Folio 00032 and folios 00042 to 00043). 10. On June 6, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1305-2019, and due to lack of response, follow-up was initiated with the Municipality of Santa Ana regarding the complaint transfer made via official communication CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 on April 23, 2019. Said notification was made on June 14, 2019 (Folio 00033 and folio 00054). 11. On June 6, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019, Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed of the follow-up on the complaint.
Said notification was made on June 10, 2019 (Folios 00034 to 00035 and folio 00041). 12. On June 7, 2019, the complaint for disobedience to authority was notified before the Public Prosecutor's Office, Pavas Prosecutor's Office, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas (Folios 00036 to 00040). 13. On June 10, 2019, an acknowledgment of receipt from Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo regarding official communication MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area (Folios 00044 to 00045). 14. On June 10, 2019, official communication CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 from the Environmental Comptroller's Office was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area, by which it acknowledges receipt of official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 and states that the position of Environmental Comptroller (Contralor del Ambiente) "is an oversight role and cannot directly address and resolve the complaints presented to it; rather, depending on the case, it must refer them to the competent bodies so that they, within the scope of their powers, execute the necessary actions to remedy, prevent, or stop the reported situation." Likewise, it requests a report on actions taken within 10 days.
(Folios 00046 to 00049) 15. On June 14, 2019, via official communication NIS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1365-2019, a response was provided to the request made by the Environmental Comptroller's Office via official communication CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 (Folios 00050 to 00053). 16. On June 26, 2019, official communication MS-ALC-04-408-19 signed by the mayor of the Municipality of Santa Ana was received at this Santa Ana Governing Health Area, by which it acknowledges receipt of official communication CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 notified on April 23, 2019, concluding that the case is under investigation by the Administrative Environmental Tribunal. (Folios 00055 to 00056). 17. On August 21, 2019, a request submitted by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, was filed before this Santa Ana Governing Health Area, by which he requests "information regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of an illegal and clandestine dump located on Chinchilla Street, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José; as well as the steps taken by the MINISTRY OF HEALTH to address said complaints.
I would appreciate being able to access this information within a period of no more than 10 working days; if this is not possible, please be so kind as to inform me." (Folios 00057 to 00059) 18. On August 29, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019, each of the requests raised by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, cited below, was responded to in a timely and proper manner. a. "Simple copy of any action filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, as well as all actions taken by the Ministry of Health regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of the illegal and clandestine dump located on Chinchilla Street, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José." i. The copies of the requested actions are at your disposal for review and/or copying, in the administrative case file of the case. You are reminded that you must appear at the Santa Ana Governing Health Area with your respective Costa Rican Bar Association card, fill out the "Request for Photocopy Delivery of Case File" form, which will be provided to you at the Single Window, and cover the cost thereof. b. What is the technical and legal opinion of the Ministry of Health for keeping a sanitary operating permit active when irregularities have been verified at the same site where the permitted activity takes place? i. Currently, this Ministry of Health has not granted any Sanitary Operating Permit for the activity of "waste treatment and disposal" on property No. 490058--000. ii.
During the inspections carried out on the property in question, it has not been possible to demonstrate the commercial activity of "waste treatment and disposal." c. "In the event that closure orders have been issued by the Ministry of Health: What is the status of these procedures? And how should one proceed if they have not been respected?" i. During the inspections carried out on the reported property, the development of the commercial activity of "waste treatment and disposal" has not been confirmed; therefore, Sanitary Orders were issued ordering the registered owner to clean the property and carry out the works related to the proper disposal of waste. However, it was confirmed that the accused acts outside the law, opting for behavior in open defiance of the laws; therefore, two complaints were filed for the crime of disobedience to authority before the Public Prosecutor's Office. ii.
Likewise, and in accordance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos No. 8839, which establishes that it is the function of the Municipalities to: "Prevent and eliminate dumps in the canton and the unauthorized stockpiling of waste," a request for intervention was made to the Municipality of Santa Ana. d. Given that the Ministry of Health is considered, within the Ley Orgánica del Ambiente and the Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames, as the entity responsible for ensuring the protection and improvement of the environment in human settlements: Have the mechanisms and procedures contemplated in the indicated regulations been activated? If not: For what technical or legal reason have they not been carried out? i. The generating entities contemplated in the Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames No. 37757-S, in its Article 1, establishes: "...Compliance with this regulation shall be the responsibility of natural and legal persons who carry out industrial, commercial, service, agricultural, or agro-industrial activities within the national territory and whose processes or activities include the production, transport, use, handling, storage, or transfer of any of the substances regulated in this regulation, whether individually or incorporated into the mixtures and products they handle." ii.
In the present case, the development of activities such as those indicated above has not been observed." (Folios 00060 to 00064)." It affirms that in case file 151-2019 (complaint by Marja Schans), the following actions have taken place: "1. On May 22, 2019, a complaint filed by Mrs. Marja Schans for accumulation of solid waste (residuos sólidos), landfilling (relleno), burning, among others, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area. (Folios 00001 to 00003) 2. On June 4, 2019, via inspection report No. 03-04-06-19-KVC, officials from this Santa Ana Governing Health Area proceeded to carry out an inspection at the site, confirming that the reported case is open and under follow-up by this Santa Ana Governing Health Area, having issued two prior administrative acts, as well as the respective complaints for the crime of disobedience before the Public Prosecutor's Office and transfers of the complaint before MINAET and the Municipality of Santa Ana.
(Folio 00004) 3. On July 3, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1478-2019, the complainant was informed of the actions taken regarding a prior complaint filed against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas; likewise, she was asked to clarify her home address and the hours of disturbance if alleging noise problems. (Folios 00005 to 00007) 4. On August 21, 2019, a request submitted by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, was filed before this Santa Ana Governing Health Area, by which he requests "information regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of an illegal and clandestine dump located on Chinchilla Street, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José; as well as the steps taken by the MINISTRY OF HEALTH to address said complaints. I would appreciate being able to access this information within a period of no more than 10 working days; if this is not possible, please be so kind as to inform me." (Folios 00008 to 00010) 5.
On August 29, 2019, via official communication Ms-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019, each of the requests raised by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, cited below, was responded to in a timely and proper manner. a. "Simple copy of any action filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, as well as all actions taken by the Ministry of Health regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of the illegal and clandestine dump located on Chinchilla Street, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José." iii. The copies of the requested actions are at your disposal for review and/or copying, in the administrative case file of the case. You are reminded that you must appear at the Santa Ana Governing Health Area with your respective Costa Rican Bar Association card, fill out the "Request for Photocopy Delivery of Case File" form, which will be provided to you at the Single Window, and cover the cost thereof. b. What is the technical and legal opinion of the Ministry of Health for keeping a sanitary operating permit active when irregularities have been verified at the same site where the permitted activity takes place? iv.
Currently, this Ministry of Health has not granted any Sanitary Operating Permit for the activity of "waste treatment and disposal" on property No. 490058--000. v. During the inspections carried out on the property in question, it has not been possible to demonstrate the commercial activity of "waste treatment and disposal." c. "In the event that closure orders have been issued by the Ministry of Health: What is the status of these procedures? And how should one proceed if they have not been respected?" vi. During the inspections carried out on the reported property, the development of the commercial activity of "waste treatment and disposal" has not been confirmed; therefore, Sanitary Orders were issued ordering the registered owner to clean the property and carry out the works related to the proper disposal of waste. However, it was confirmed that the accused acts outside the law, opting for behavior in open defiance of the laws; therefore, two complaints were filed for the crime of disobedience to authority before the Public Prosecutor's Office. vii.
Likewise, and in accordance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos No. 8839, which establishes that it is the function of the Municipalities to: "Prevent and eliminate dumps in the canton and the unauthorized stockpiling of waste," a request for intervention was made to the Municipality of Santa Ana. d. Given that the Ministry of Health is considered, within the Ley Orgánica del Ambiente and the Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames, as the entity responsible for ensuring the protection and improvement of the environment in human settlements: Have the mechanisms and procedures contemplated in the indicated regulations been activated? If not: For what technical or legal reason have they not been carried out? viii. The generating entities contemplated in the Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames No. 37757-S, in its Article 1, establishes: "...Compliance with this regulation shall be the responsibility of natural and legal persons who carry out industrial, commercial, service, agricultural, or agro-industrial activities within the national territory and whose processes or activities include the production, transport, use, handling, storage, or transfer of any of the substances regulated in this regulation, whether individually or incorporated into the mixtures and products they handle." ix.
In the present case, the development of activities such as those indicated above has not been observed." (Folios 00011 to 00015). 20. On September 23, 2019, an official communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, was submitted to this Santa Ana Governing Health Area via email, scheduled for DECEMBER FIVE, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, starting at NINE HOURS ZERO MINUTES. (Folios 00016 to 00017)." It considers that the Santa Ana Governing Health Area has not been negligent in addressing the complaints filed against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas and, rather, these have been addressed promptly and fully. They add that Mr. Orozco Rojas has disregarded the authority of the health officials and has adopted behavior in open defiance of the laws. It states that, regarding the criterion of the criminal path as a last resort (última ratio), enormous efforts have been made for the accused to regularize his situation and submit to the legal system; however, these have been unsuccessful, therefore the criminal proceeding is justified so that it may assess the behavior of the accused and apply the necessary measures. It requests that the appeal be dismissed.
Clarifies that initially it was not possible to trace the case file requested by the appellant because the complaint was handled by the Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana and not directly by the protected party or her representative; however, she may appear within the cited matter, indicate a means for receiving notifications, and request review and photocopies of the case file. Argues that the foregoing is ordered taking into consideration that the investigation stage of proceedings before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal is private and only its hearing is considered public (ruling of the Constitutional Chamber No. 5593 of May 2, 2012). Asserts that, in a timely manner and in compliance with the applicable regulations, the Administrative Environmental Tribunal processed the complaint that the Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, through official letter MSA-GOT-PCA-02-042-2017, filed against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, for environmental impacts resulting from an illegal special construction waste dump located on property No. 490058-000, cadastral plan No. SJ-0557429-1999.
States that, within the normal course of the administrative proceeding, the following actions have been taken: a) an “in situ” inspection by the Head of the SINAC Subregional Office of Puriscal and the Head of the Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud); b) an “in situ” inspection by the Director of the Water Directorate (Dirección de Agua) of MINAE; and c) preparation of the inspection record of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and its respective report. Adds that, on its part, the Environmental Comptroller’s Office (Contraloría Ambiental) has taken actions aimed at the timely handling of complaints processed through the Integrated System for Processing and Attention of Environmental Complaints SITADA (www.sitada.go.cr/denunciaspublico), which according to ministerial circular DM-185-2012, has operated on a mandatory basis since April 2013 and is administered and coordinated by that unit.
Considers that, in accordance with the principle of legality, it has fulfilled its competencies, managing to corroborate that the public agencies (Ministry of Health of Santa Ana and the Municipality of Santa Ana), after verifying the environmental damage, have filed complaints before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and before the Public Prosecutor’s Office (Fiscalía de Pavas). Asserts that its represented party has initiated and sustained actions aimed at preventing and mitigating the environmental damage reported in the illegal garbage dump described by the appellant, thereby demonstrating the conservation, protection, and management of natural resources. Explains that MINAE, through the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and Environmental Comptroller’s Office (Contraloría Ambiental), has responded to the technical and legal calls required in the specific case to process the complaints and provide the respective information to the administered parties.
Adds that it has timely addressed the administrative management and informed the appellant that, in order to be able to provide her with photocopies of the case file, she needed to be more specific, especially since she does not appear as the complaining party in the case file. Requests that the appeal be dismissed.
Drafted by Magistrate Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
I.Preliminary question. In view of the fact that the Environmental Comptroller (Contralor del Ambiente) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy omitted to render the report within the deadline set by this Tribunal in the resolution giving course to this matter, in accordance with Article 45 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), the facts, insofar as they pertain to that official, are taken as true, and we proceed to analyze the constitutionality of the matter based on the other elements provided in the record.
II.Object of the appeal. The appellant claims that the respondents have not resolved the environmental and health problem generated by an illegal dump existing in her community.
The TAA processes administrative case file No. 123-17-03-TAA and has had the following proceedings: On June 9, 2017, it received a complaint from the Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for environmental impacts resulting from an illegal special construction waste dump located on Property No. 490058-000, cadastral plan No. SJ-0557429-1999. The TAA, by resolution No. 1066-17-TAA at 9:37 a.m. on July 26, 2017, requested the complainant to indicate whether these were new facts compared to those already known in case file number 083-16-02-TAA. By official letter received on August 16, 2017, the complainant stated to the TAA that these were new facts. By writing dated May 22, 2018, the Municipality of Santa Ana expanded the complaint against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. The TAA, by resolution No. 489-18-TAA at 11:02 a.m. on June 8, 2018, agreed to request Efraín Monge Hernández, in his capacity as Head of the Subregional Office of Puriscal, an on-site ocular inspection and the corresponding report; it also requested the Head of the Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud) to carry out an on-site ocular inspection and the corresponding report.
On September 6, 2018, the Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud) of Santa Ana sent the requested report. The TAA, in resolution No. 1074-18-TAA at 9:35 a.m. on October 17, 2018, agreed to request for a second time Efraín Monge Hernández, in his capacity as Head of the Subregional Office of Puriscal, an “in situ” ocular inspection and the corresponding report. On October 25, 2018, the Puriscal Office of SINAC sent the required report. The TAA, by resolution No. 1278-2018-TAA at 9:18 a.m. on November 23, 2018, agreed to request José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate (Dirección de Agua) of MINAE, an on-site ocular inspection and the corresponding report. The TAA, by resolution No. 163-2019-TAA at 8:05 a.m. on January 31, 2019, agreed to request for a second time José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate (Dirección de Agua) of MINAE, an on-site ocular inspection and the corresponding report.
By official letter received on March 14, 2019, the Municipality of Santa Ana formulated new facts. The TAA, by resolution No. 836-2019-TAA at 7:50 a.m. on May 29, 2019, agreed to request for the third and last time from José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate (Dirección de Agua) of MINAE, and from the Head of the Sub Regional Office of Puriscal, an on-site ocular inspection and the corresponding report. On August 6, 2019, the Municipality of Santa Ana sent information to the case file. The TAA, by resolution No. 1454-19-TAA at 8:57 a.m. on August 29, 2019, summoned José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of Water, and the Head of the Sub Regional Office of Puriscal, to an on-site ocular inspection for October 7, 2019. On October 29, 2019, the Water Directorate (Dirección de Aguas) of MINAE sent the corresponding report. (TAA Report and evidence provided).
The Department of Territorial Planning Management (Departamento de Gestión de Ordenamiento Territorial) has documented the following closure acts:
“1. Closure Record MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-224-2016 of April 25, 2016, and record of disobedience to authority of May 4, 2016, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-254-2016.
2. Closure Record MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-207-2017 of February 17, 2017, and record of disobedience to authority of February 28, 2017, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-215-2017.
3. Closure Record MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-055-2018 of February 20, 2018, and record of disobedience to authority of February 27, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-070-2018.
4. Closure Record of March 16, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-268-2018, and record of disobedience to authority of March 23, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-271-2018.
5. Closure Record of April 16, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-302-2018, and Record of disobedience to authority of May 31, 2018.
6. Closure Record of June 14, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018, and record of disobedience to authority of August 27, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-540-2018.
7. Closure Record of August 16, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018, and record of disobedience to authority of August 27, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-541-2018.
8. Closure Record of October 11, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018; and record of disobedience to authority of December 17, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-RIO-03-610-2018”. (Report of the Municipality of Santa Ana and evidence provided).
Regarding the special administrative proceeding (Ley de Construcciones): The Directorate of Territorial Planning (Dirección de Ordenamiento Territorial), through official letter PEALC-MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-13-18 at 8:00 a.m. on April 5, 2019, initiated a special administrative proceeding based on the Ley de Construcciones against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, because on property No. 490058 “FILLS, A SIDE WALL, A WOODEN SHED WITH A ROOF, AND A DUMP” were allegedly built without the corresponding municipal permits. (Report rendered under oath and evidence provided by the Municipality of Santa Ana). On April 5, 2019, Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas was notified of the foregoing action; however, he refused to sign. (Evidence provided by the Municipality of Santa Ana).
Case file No. 230-2017 has had the following proceedings:
“1. On June 9, 2017, a complaint filed by Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera in his capacity as Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana for an illegal special construction waste dump against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, ID card 1-0431-0630, in his capacity as owner of the property registered under real property folio number 490058--000, located on Calle Chinchilla, 400 meters East of Condominio Paseo Del Sol, Santa Ana, Santa Ana, was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) through official letter MSA-GOT-PCA-02-042-2017, which is processed under the internal complaint consecutive number 230-2017. (Folios 00001 to 00043) 2. On June 26, 2017, at 03:10 in the afternoon, according to Inspection Record No. 05-26-06-17-KVC, officials of this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) proceeded to attend to the complaint; however, due to work being carried out on the main access road to the reported site, it was not possible to access the reported property; therefore, the inspection is rescheduled.
(Folio 00044) 3. On June 27, 2017, at 11:30 in the morning, according to Inspection Record No. 02-27-06-17-KVC, a follow-up on the complaint was conducted; however, due to work being carried out on the main access road to the reported site, it was not possible to access the reported property; therefore, the inspection is rescheduled. (Folio 00045) 4. On July 4, 2017, at 09:05 in the morning, according to Inspection Record No. 02-04-07-17-KVC, a follow-up on the complaint was conducted; Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas attended at the reported property and was informed of the reason for the inspection; however, he indicated that he will not allow entry to his property. He was informed that the respective judicial entry order must be requested; however, he indicated that he will not permit access to carry out the inspection. (Folio 00046) 5. On August 7, 2017, and due to the strike sustained by the Judicial Branch during that period, official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-1511-2017 dated July 7, 2017, was successfully delivered to the Court of Santa Ana, through which a formal request for a judicial entry order for the property in question was made.
(Folios 00047 to 00049) 6. On August 18, 2017, a document from the Court of Santa Ana was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana), scheduling August 23, 2017, for the judicial entry order. (Folios 00050 to 00051) 7. On August 23, 2017, according to Inspection Record No. 01-23-08-17-KVC, the judicial entry order in question was executed, the observations of which are duly documented in Technical Report No. CS-ARS-SA-RS-352-2017, from which it is extracted \"...During the inspection it is observed that, distributed throughout the property, as well as in the rear section of the same (South sector), there is a presence of ordinary solid waste and special management waste, these solid wastes are even observable on the boundaries of the Quebrada Lajas... ...It should be clarified that, during the inspection it was not possible to observe dumping or discharge of material on the land, nor was it possible to observe flammable hazardous wastes as indicated in the complaint...\" in view of the above, it is recommended to issue administrative acts to the registered owner of the property under real property folio number 490058--000 (Folios 00052 to 00055) 8.
On August 29, 2017, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-1785-2017, Mr. Alberto Ureña Herrera was informed about what occurred with his complaint (Folios 00056 to 00057) 9. On August 31, 2017, Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017 was notified to Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, holder of identity document No. 1-0431-0630, in his capacity as registered owner of the property under real property folio number 490058--000, through which he is ordered \"within a term of 20 working days, you must carry out the corresponding works for the cleaning and elimination of all ordinary and special management waste stored in the open air that may accumulate water. They must be disposed of properly in order to prevent environmental impact. You must keep the property in adequate conditions of order and cleanliness, preventing it from becoming a source of infection, a focus of environmental contamination, or a breeding ground and/or shelter for harmful fauna.
The accumulation of ordinary and special management waste in unauthorized places for such purpose is prohibited, all of the above in accordance with the provisions of Articles 37, 39, 164, 262, 263, 279, 283, 318, 319, 325, 340, 341, 355, 356 and 357 of the General Health Law (Ley General de Salud) 5395 of October 30, 1973, Article 50 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica, all the above for the sake of protecting public health and the environment\" (Folios 00058 to 00060) 10. On October 8, 2017, at 10:15 in the morning, according to Inspection Record No. 01-09-10-17-KVC, a verification of compliance with Sanitary Order No. CS~ARS-SA~OS-097-2017 was conducted, which is duly documented in Technical Report No. CS-ARSSA-RS-447-2017. During said inspection, non-compliance with what was ordered in said administrative act is corroborated; therefore, it is recommended to proceed with the complaint for disobedience to authority, as warned in the same.
(Folios 00061 to 00062) 11. On October 17, 2017, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-2194-2017, Mr. Alberto Ureña Herrera, in his capacity as Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, was informed of what occurred with his complaint. (Folios 00063 to 00064) 12. On October 25, 2017, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-2193-2017, a complaint was filed before the Public Prosecutor’s Office, Fiscalía de Pavas, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for the crime of disobedience to authority. (Folios 00065 to 00068) 13. On March 8, 2018, an official letter from the Contravention and Small Claims Court of Santa Ana corresponding to case file No. 17-000242-1725-FC was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana), indicating \"the requested diligence having been carried out by the Ministry of Health, and there being no pending procedure, the filing of this case is ordered.\" This corresponds to the request for a judicial entry order executed to address the complaint in question.
(Folios 00069 to 00070) 14. On August 28, 2018, a request from the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, Case File No. 123-17-03-TAA, Resolution No. 489-18-TAA, corresponding to the complaint filed by Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana through official letter MSA-GOTPCA-02-042-2017, was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) via email and attended to in a timely and proper manner. (Folios 00071 to 00074) 15. On September 6, 2018, through official letter CS-ARS-SA-1622-2019, a response was given to what was requested by the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, indicating the actions of this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud) in the cited case. (Folios 00075 to 00078) 16. On February 21, 2019, Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, requested a copy of complaint No. 230-2019, which was delivered via email.
(Folios 00079 to 00080) 17. On April 23, 2019, a request from the Fiscalía de Pavas for certified copies of the documentation offered by Dr. Dagoberto Trejos Azofeifa in case 17-001205-0283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) via email. (Folio 00081) 18. On April 24, 2019, certified copies were submitted to the Fiscalía de Pavas under consecutive number CS-ARS-SA-0980-2019. (Folio 00082) 19. On August 22, 2019, a request from the Fiscalía de Pavas was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) via email, in order that \"within three days, it states in writing whether it intends to become a complainant, and if it so communicates to this office, it must file the complaint within the ten days following the expiration of the previous term\"; on the date in question, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1898-2019, a timely response was given indicating that \"this Ministry of Health does not wish to file the Complaint, it is requested to continue with legal representation through the Procuraduría General de la República, legal representative of the State in matters within its competence.\" (Folios 00083 to 00085). 20.
On August 21, 2019, a request filed by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana), through which he requests \"information regarding the reported irregularities on the situation of an illegal and clandestine dump located on Calle Chinchilla, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José, as well as the actions taken by the MINISTRY OF HEALTH to address said complaints. I would appreciate being able to access this information within a period not exceeding 10 working days; should this not be possible, please kindly inform me.\" (Folios 00086 to 00088) 21. On August 29, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019, a timely and proper response was given to each of the requests raised by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, cited below. a. \"Simple copy of any action filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, as well as all actions taken by the Ministry of Health with respect to the reported irregularities on the situation of the illegal and clandestine dump located on Calle Chinchilla, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José\". i. Copies of the requested actions are available for your review and/or copying, in the administrative case file of the matter.
You are reminded that you must appear at the Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud) of Santa Ana with your respective Costa Rican Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica) card, complete the \"Application for Delivery of Photocopy of Case File\" form, which will be provided at the Single Window (Ventanilla Única), and cover its cost. b. What is the technical and legal criterion of the Ministry of Health for keeping a Sanitary Operating Permit active when irregularities have been confirmed at the same site where the permitted activity takes place? i. Currently, this Ministry of Health has not granted any Sanitary Operating Permit (Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento) for the activity of \"waste treatment and disposal\" on property No. 490058--000. ii. During the inspections carried out on the property in question, it has not been possible to evidence the commercial activity of \"waste treatment and disposal\". c. \"In the event that closure orders have been issued by the Ministry of Health: What is the status of these proceedings?
And how should one proceed in the event that they have not been respected?\" i. During the inspections carried out on the reported property, the development of the commercial activity of \"waste treatment and disposal\" has not been verified; therefore, Sanitary Orders were issued through which the registered owner was ordered to clean the property and carry out the pertinent works for the proper disposal of waste. However, it was verified that the accused acts outside the law, opting for behavior in open defiance of the laws; therefore, two complaints for the crime of disobedience to authority were filed before the Public Prosecutor’s Office. ii. Likewise, and in compliance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Law for Integrated Waste Management (Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos) No. 8839, which establishes that it is a function of the Municipalities to: \"Prevent and eliminate dumps in the canton and unauthorized collection of waste\", a request for intervention was made to the Municipality of Santa Ana. d. Given that the Ministry of Health is considered within the Organic Environmental Law (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente) and the Regulation on Guiding Values in Soils for the Decontamination of Sites Affected by Environmental Emergencies and Spills (Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames), as the entity responsible for ensuring the protection and improvement of the environment in human settlements: Have the mechanisms and procedures contemplated in the aforementioned regulations been activated?
If not: For what technical or legal reason have they not been carried out? i. The generating entities contemplated in the Regulation on Guiding Values in Soils for the Decontamination of Sites Affected by Environmental Emergencies and Spills (Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames) No. 37757-S, in its Article 1 establishes: \"...Compliance with this regulation shall be the responsibility of natural and legal persons who carry out industrial, commercial, service, agricultural or agro-industrial activities in the national territory and whose processes or activities include the production, transportation, use, handling, storage, or transfer of any of the substances regulated in this regulation, either individually or incorporated into the mixtures and products they handle.\" ii. In the case at hand, the development of activities such as those indicated above has not been observed.\" (Folios 00089 to 00093) 22.
On September 23, 2019, an official letter from the Criminal Court of Pavas regarding the PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, scheduled for DECEMBER FIVE, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, starting at NINE O'CLOCK, was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) via email. (Folios 00094 to 00095)”.
Case file No. 097-2019 has had the following proceedings:
“1. On March 29, 2019, at 10:03 in the morning, according to Inspection Record No. 01-29-03-19-JQV, a follow-up on a complaint was conducted; Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas attended at the reported property and was informed of the reason for the inspection; he allowed entry to his property, as detailed in Technical Report No. CS-ARS-SA-RS-093-2019 (Folio 00001 and folios 00005 to 00008). 2. On April 4, 2019, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-0876-2019, Mr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed about the follow-up on the complaint (Folios 00002 to 00004). 3. On April 10, 2019, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019, a transfer of the complaint was made to the Municipality of Santa Ana so that they intervene in resolving the reported environmental problem in accordance with their legal and administrative competencies \"in compliance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Law for Integrated Waste Management (Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos) No. 8839, which establishes that it is a function of the Municipalities: To prevent and eliminate dumps in the canton and unauthorized collection of waste\".
Said notification was made on April 23, 2019 (Folios 00009 to 00010 and folio 00016). 4. On April 10, 2019, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019, a transfer of the complaint was made to the Environmental Comptroller’s Office (Contraloría Ambiental) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy so that they intervene in resolving the reported environmental problem in accordance with their legal and administrative competencies \"in compliance with the provisions of Article 33 of the Forestry Law (Ley Forestal) No. 7575. Said notification was made on April 23, 2019 (Folios 00011 to 00012 and folio 00019). 5. On April 12, 2019, a Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 was again notified to Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, holder of identity document No. 1-0431-0630, in his capacity as registered owner of the property under real property folio number 490058---000, through which he is ordered to clean the property in question and keep it in adequate hygienic conditions.
(Folios 00013 to 00015). 6. On April 22, 2019, through official letter No. CS-ARS-SA-0966-2019, Mr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed about the follow-up on the complaint. (Folios 00017 to 00018 and 00020). 7. On June 4, 2019, at 11:45 in the morning, according to Inspection Record No. 05-04-06-19-JQV, a verification of compliance with Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 was conducted, which is duly documented in Technical Report No. MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-IT-172-2019. During said inspection, non-compliance with what was ordered in said administrative act is corroborated; therefore, it is recommended to proceed with the complaint for disobedience to authority, as warned in the same. (Folios 00022 to 00026). 8. On June 6, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1314-2019, a new complaint was filed before the Public Prosecutor’s Office, Fiscalía de Pavas, against Mr.
Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for the crime of disobedience to authority (Folios 00027 to 00031). 9. On June 6, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019, and due to the lack of response, a follow-up was conducted with the Environmental Comptroller’s Office (Contraloría Ambiental), Ministry of Environment and Energy, regarding the transfer of complaint made through official letter CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019 on April 23, 2019. Said notification was made on June 10, 2019 (Folio 00032 and folios 00042 to 00043). 10. On June 6, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1305-2019, and due to the lack of response, a follow-up was conducted with the Municipality of Santa Ana regarding the transfer of complaint made through official letter CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 on April 23, 2019. Said notification was made on June 14, 2019 (Folio 00033 and folio 00054). 11. On June 6, 2019, through official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019, Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed about the follow-up on the complaint.
Said notification was made on June 10, 2019 (Folios 00034 to 00035 and folio 00041). 12. On June 7, 2019, a complaint for disobedience to authority was notified before the Public Prosecutor’s Office, Fiscalía de Pavas, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas (Folios 00036 to 00040). 13. On June 10, 2019, an acknowledgment of receipt from Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo regarding official letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 was received by this Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana) (Folios 00044 to 00045).
On June 10, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received official communication CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 from the Environmental Comptroller's Office (Contraloría Ambiental), by which it acknowledges receipt of official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 and states that the post of Environmental Comptroller (Contralor del Ambiente) "is an oversight role and cannot directly address and resolve the complaints presented to it, but rather, depending on the case, must refer them to the competent bodies so that they, within the scope of their powers, carry out the necessary actions to remedy, prevent, or halt the reported situation." It also requested a report on actions taken within a 10-day period. (Folios 00046 to 00049) 15. On June 14, 2019, via official communication NIS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1365-2019, a response was given to the request made by the Environmental Comptroller's Office (Contraloría Ambiental) via official communication CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519.
(Folios 00050 to 00053) 16. On June 26, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received official communication MS-ALC-04-408-19 signed by the mayor of the Municipality of Santa Ana, by which it acknowledges receipt of official communication CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019, notified on April 23, 2019, concluding that the case is in an investigation process by the Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental). (Folios 00055 to 00056) 17. On August 21, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received a request submitted by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, by which he requests "information regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of an illegal and clandestine dump (botadero ilegal) located on Calle Chinchilla, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José; as well as the steps taken by the MINISTRY OF HEALTH (MINISTERIO DE SALUD) to address said complaints. I would appreciate being able to access this information within a period no longer than 10 business days; if this is not possible, I request that you please inform me accordingly." (Folios 00057 to 00059) 18. On August 29, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019, a timely response was provided to each of the requests made by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, cited below.
a. "Simple copy of any action filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo), as well as of all actions taken by the Ministry of Health with respect to the reported irregularities concerning the situation of the illegal and clandestine dump (botadero ilegal) located on Calle Chinchilla, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José." i. The copies of the requested actions are available for review and/or copying in the administrative case file. You are reminded that you must present yourself at the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area with your Costa Rican Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica) membership card, fill out the "Request for Delivery of Photocopy of Case File" form, which will be provided to you at the Single Window (Ventanilla Única), and cover the cost of the copies.
b. What is the technical and legal criterion of the Ministry of Health for keeping a Sanitary Operating Permit (permiso sanitario de funcionamiento) active when irregularities have been proven at the same site where the permitted activity is carried out?
i. Currently, this Ministry of Health has not granted any Sanitary Operating Permit (Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento) for the activity of "treatment and disposal of waste" on farm (finca) No. 490058--000.
ii. During the inspections carried out on the farm in question, it has not been possible to verify the commercial activity of "treatment and disposal of waste." c. "In the event that closure orders (órdenes de clausura) have been issued by the Ministry of Health: What is the status of these proceedings? And how should one proceed if they have not been respected?" i. During the inspections carried out on the reported farm (finca), the development of the commercial activity of "treatment and disposal of waste" has not been corroborated; therefore, Sanitary Orders (Ordenes Sanitarias) were issued ordering the registered owner to clean the property and carry out the works related to the proper disposal of waste. However, it was corroborated that the accused acts outside the law, opting for behavior in open defiance of the laws; therefore, two complaints were filed for the crime of disobedience to authority before the Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministerio Público).
ii. Likewise, and in accordance with Article 8, subsection f) of the Law for Integrated Waste Management (Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos) No. 8839, which establishes that it is a function of the Municipalities: "Prevent and eliminate dumps (vertederos) in the canton and the unauthorized stockpiling of waste," a request was made for the intervention of the Municipality of Santa Ana.
d. Given that the Ministry of Health is considered, within the Organic Environmental Law (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente) and the Regulation on Guideline Values in Soils for the Decontamination of Sites Affected by Environmental Emergencies and Spills (Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames), as the entity responsible for ensuring the protection and improvement of the environment in human settlements: Have the mechanisms and procedures contemplated in the indicated regulations been activated? If not: For what technical or legal reason have they not been carried out?
i. The generating entities contemplated in the Regulation on Guideline Values in Soils for the Decontamination of Sites Affected by Environmental Emergencies and Spills (Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames) No. 37757-S, in its Article 1 establishes: "...Compliance with this regulation shall be the responsibility of individuals and legal entities that carry out industrial, commercial, service, agricultural, or agro-industrial activities within the national territory and whose processes or activities include the production, transportation, use, handling, storage, or transfer of any of the substances regulated in this regulation, whether individually or incorporated into the mixtures and products they handle." ii. In the case at hand, the development of activities as indicated above has not been observed." (Folios 00060 to 00064) 19. On September 23, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received, via email, an official communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas (Juzgado Penal de Pavas) regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, set for the FIFTH DAY OF DECEMBER, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, starting at NINE HOURS ZERO MINUTES." Case file no. 151-2019 has had the following proceedings:
"1. On May 22, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received a complaint filed by Mrs. Marja Schans for accumulation of solid waste (residuos sólidos), fill (relleno), burning (quemas), among others, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. (Folios 00001 to 00003) 2. On June 4, 2019, via inspection report (acta de inspección) No. 03-04-06-19-KVC, officials from this Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area proceeded to carry out an inspection at the site, noting that the reported case is open and being monitored by this Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area, having issued two prior administrative acts (actos administrativos), as well as the respective complaints for the crime of disobedience before the Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministerio Público) and referrals of the complaint to MINAET and the Municipality of Santa Ana. (Folio 00004) 3. On July 3, 2019, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1478-2019, the complainant was informed of the actions taken regarding a prior complaint filed against Mr.
Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. Likewise, she was asked to clarify the address of her home as well as the time frame of the impact if alleging noise problems. (Folios 00005 to 00007) 4. On August 21, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received a request submitted by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, by which he requests "information regarding the reported irregularities concerning the situation of an illegal and clandestine dump (botadero ilegal) located on Calle Chinchilla, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José; as well as the steps taken by the MINISTRY OF HEALTH (MINISTERIO DE SALUD) to address said complaints. I would appreciate being able to access this information within a period no longer than 10 business days; if this is not possible, I request that you please inform me accordingly." (Folios 00008 to 00010) 5. On August 29, 2019, via official communication Ms-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019, a timely response was provided to each of the requests made by Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ATTORNEY, cited below.
a. "Simple copy of any action filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo), as well as of all actions taken by the Ministry of Health with respect to the reported irregularities concerning the situation of the illegal and clandestine dump (botadero ilegal) located on Calle Chinchilla, canton of Santa Ana, province of San José." iii. The copies of the requested actions are available for review and/or copying in the administrative case file. You are reminded that you must present yourself at the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area with your Costa Rican Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica) membership card, fill out the "Request for Delivery of Photocopy of Case File" form, which will be provided to you at the Single Window (Ventanilla Única), and cover the cost of the copies.
b. What is the technical and legal criterion of the Ministry of Health for keeping a Sanitary Operating Permit (permiso sanitario de funcionamiento) active when irregularities have been proven at the same site where the permitted activity is carried out?
iv. Currently, this Ministry of Health has not granted any Sanitary Operating Permit (Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento) for the activity of "treatment and disposal of waste" on farm (finca) No. 490058--000.
v. During the inspections carried out on the farm in question, it has not been possible to verify the commercial activity of "treatment and disposal of waste." c. "In the event that closure orders (órdenes de clausura) have been issued by the Ministry of Health: What is the status of these proceedings? And how should one proceed if they have not been respected?" vi. During the inspections carried out on the reported farm (finca), the development of the commercial activity of "treatment and disposal of waste" has not been corroborated; therefore, Sanitary Orders (Ordenes Sanitarias) were issued ordering the registered owner to clean the property and carry out the works related to the proper disposal of waste. However, it was corroborated that the accused acts outside the law, opting for behavior in open defiance of the laws; therefore, two complaints were filed for the crime of disobedience to authority before the Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministerio Público).
vii. Likewise, and in accordance with Article 8, subsection f) of the Law for Integrated Waste Management (Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos) No. 8839, which establishes that it is a function of the Municipalities: "Prevent and eliminate dumps (vertederos) in the canton and the unauthorized stockpiling of waste," a request was made for the intervention of the Municipality of Santa Ana.
d. Given that the Ministry of Health is considered, within the Organic Environmental Law (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente) and the Regulation on Guideline Values in Soils for the Decontamination of Sites Affected by Environmental Emergencies and Spills (Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames), as the entity responsible for ensuring the protection and improvement of the environment in human settlements: Have the mechanisms and procedures contemplated in the indicated regulations been activated? If not: For what technical or legal reason have they not been carried out?
viii. The generating entities contemplated in the Regulation on Guideline Values in Soils for the Decontamination of Sites Affected by Environmental Emergencies and Spills (Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames) No. 37757-S, in its Article 1 establishes: "...Compliance with this regulation shall be the responsibility of individuals and legal entities that carry out industrial, commercial, service, agricultural, or agro-industrial activities within the national territory and whose processes or activities include the production, transportation, use, handling, storage, or transfer of any of the substances regulated in this regulation, whether individually or incorporated into the mixtures and products they handle." ix. In the case at hand, the development of activities as indicated above has not been observed." (Folios 00011 to 00015).
20. On September 23, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received, via email, an official communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas (Juzgado Penal de Pavas) regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, set for the FIFTH DAY OF DECEMBER, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, starting at NINE HOURS ZERO MINUTES. (Folios 00016 to 00017)"
IV.Regarding the specific case. In the sub examine, the petitioner claims omissions by the respondent authorities in addressing and solving the problem of the illegal dump (botadero ilegal) that afflicts her community.
V.With respect to the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, TAA). Before addressing this point and the subsequent ones, the Chamber (Sala) highlights that, as of judgment no. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, it has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction—with some exceptions—those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has complied with the deadlines set by the General Law of Public Administration (Ley General de la Administración Pública) (Articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve an administrative procedure—initiated ex officio or at the request of a party—by final act (acto final), or to hear the applicable administrative appeals. Precisely, in this case, an exception is raised because it involves a lack of resolution of actions related to environmental protection.
Regarding the specific case, this Court found it proven that the TAA is processing administrative case file no. 123-17-03-TAA, related to the facts that are the subject of this amparo. That case file was opened on the occasion of the complaint filed on June 9, 2017, by the Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana. In the processing of that file, it was verified that the TAA warned the complainant to indicate whether the facts were new (by resolution no. 1066-17-TAA of 9:37 a.m. on July 26, 2017), which was addressed by official communication received August 16, 2017. Then, on May 22, 2018, the Municipality of Santa Ana expanded the complaint filed. By resolution no. 489-18-TAA of 11:02 a.m. on June 8, 2018, the TAA requested the Head of the Subregional Office of Puriscal and the Head of the Rectorate Health Area to conduct respective on-site inspections (inspecciones in situ) and the corresponding report.
At this point, the Chamber (Sala) highlights that approximately ten months elapsed between the fulfillment of the warning by the complainant and the issuance of the resolution of June 8, 2018, which constitutes an unreasonable period for the diligent handling of the case file and entails the condemnation of this Court. From that moment on, the Chamber (Sala) notes that the processing of the file is summarized in inspection orders and reiterations thereof (resolutions no. 1074-18-TAA of 9:35 a.m. on October 17, 2018, no. 1278-2018-TAA of 9:18 a.m. on November 23, 2018, no. 163-2019-TAA of 8:05 a.m. on January 31, 2019, no. 836-2019-TAA of 7:50 a.m. on May 29, 2019), noting the passage of several months between each one—for example, almost four months elapsed between resolutions no. 163-2019-TAA of 8:05 a.m. on January 31, 2019, and no. 836-2019-TAA of 7:50 a.m. on May 29, 2019—which meant an unnecessary delay of the file.
Finally, the Chamber (Sala) determines that the administrative case file has not yet been resolved, despite more than two and a half years having passed since the complaint was filed. Based on the foregoing, this point is declared with merit.
VI.As regards the Municipality of Santa Ana, the Chamber (Sala) recognizes that this entity has carried out numerous actions to solve the problem alleged by the petitioner. Among these are multiple closure orders (órdenes de clausura) on the property as well as reports of disobedience (actas de desobediencia): "1. Closure report (Acta de clausura) MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-224-2016 of April 25, 2016, and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of May 4, 2016, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-254-2016. 2. Closure report (Acta de clausura) MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-207-2017 of February 17, 2017, and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of February 28, 2017, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-215-2017. 3. Closure report (Acta de clausura) MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-055-2018 of February 20, 2018, and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of February 27, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-070-2018. 4.
Closure report (Acta de clausura) of March 16, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-268-2018, and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of March 23, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-271-2018. 5. Closure report (Acta de clausura) of April 16, 2018 (sic) MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-302-2018, and Report of disobedience to authority (Acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of May 31, 2018. 6. Closure report (Acta de clausura) of June 14, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018, and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of August 27, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-540-2018. 7. Closure report (Acta de clausura) of August 16, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018, and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of August 27, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO- 03-541 -2018. 8. Closure report (Acta de clausura) of October 11, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018; and report of disobedience to authority (acta de desobediencia a la autoridad) of December 17, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-RIO-03-610-2018" Furthermore, the Municipality proceeded to report the situation on June 9, 2017, to the TAA and the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area.
Among the municipality's actions, it is observed that on April 5, 2019, it initiated a special administrative procedure based on the Construction Law (Ley de Construcciones) against the owner of the property where the illegal activity is carried out, due to the lack of municipal permits (MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-13-18 of 8:00 a.m. on April 5, 2019). Although that resolution was notified to the interested party on April 5, 2019, itself, it is not determined that the procedure was pursued by the Municipality to reach a final act (acto final). On the other hand, the Chamber (Sala) indicates to the respondent Municipality that its constitutional obligations also include carrying out effective actions to solve the problem, beyond the constant issuance of closure orders (órdenes de clausura) and reports of disobedience (actas de desobediencia). Of relevance to this case is, for example, the provision of the Law for Integrated Waste Management (Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos):
"ARTICLE 8.- Functions of the Municipalities The municipalities shall be responsible for the integrated management (gestión integral) of waste generated in their canton; to this end, they must:
(…)
In the same sense, it is observed that the Municipality clearly warned the administered party that "…as provided by the construction law (ley de construcciones), Article 96, if the construction permit is not obtained, and/or the works carried out are contrary to the zoning and other applicable regulations, it could even be sanctioned with a demolition order for what has been built or another type of penalty provided in our legal system, with the warning that if it does not do so, the municipality will do so, charging the cost to the property's account, amounts that generate monthly default interest…." (thus, for example, closure reports (actas de clausura) MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018 of October 11, 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018 of August 16, 2018, and MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018 of June 14, 2018). However, it is not verified that such warnings were materialized in any way. Thus, while the Chamber (Sala) observes some effort made by the municipal authorities, it is no less true that the reported problem continues today, more than three years after the Municipality became aware of it. Consequently, the claim is declared with merit.
VII.In relation to the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area, it was found proven that it handled three case files related to the case, with the following detail. Regarding case file no. 230-2017: "1. On June 9, 2017, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received a complaint filed by Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera in his capacity as Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana for an illegal dump (botadero ilegal) of special construction waste against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, ID card 1-0431-0630, in his capacity as owner of the farm (finca) registered under real estate folio number (matricula folio real) 490058--000, located on Calle Chinchilla, 400 meters East of Condominio Paseo Del Sol, Santa Ana, Santa Ana, by official communication MSA-GOT-PCA-02-042-2017, which is processed under internal complaint sequential number 230-2017. (Folios 00001 to 00043)
2. On June 26, 2017, at 3:10 p.m., according to Inspection Report (Acta de Inspección) No. 05-26-06-17-KVC, officials from this Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area proceeded to address the complaint; however, because work was being carried out on the main access road to the reported site, it was not possible to access the reported property; therefore, the inspection is rescheduled. (Folio 00044) 3. On June 27, 2017, at 11:30 a.m., according to Inspection Report (Acta de Inspección) No. 02-27-06-17-KVC, a follow-up on the complaint was carried out; however, because work was being carried out on the main access road to the reported site, it was not possible to access the reported property; therefore, the inspection is rescheduled. (Folio 00045) 4. On July 4, 2017, at 9:05 a.m., according to Inspection Report (Acta de Inspección) No. 02-04-07-17-KVC, a follow-up on the complaint was carried out.
At the reported property, Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas attends, to whom the reason for the inspection is explained; however, he states that he will not allow entry to his property. He is informed that a request for the respective warrant (allanamiento) will have to be made; however, he states that he will not allow access to carry out the inspection. (Folio 00046) 5. On August 7, 2017, and due to the strike held by the Judicial Branch (Poder Judicial) during that period, official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-1511-2017, dated July 7, 2017, was delivered to the Court of Santa Ana, by which a formal request for a warrant (allanamiento) for the property in question is made. (Folios 00047 to 00049) 6. On August 18, 2017, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received a document from the Court of Santa Ana by which August 23, 2017, is set for the warrant (allanamiento). (Folios 00050 to 00051) 7.
On August 23, 2017, according to Inspection Report (Acta de Inspección) No. 01-23-08-17-KVC, the warrant (allanamiento) in question was carried out, the observations of which are duly documented in Technical Report No. CS-ARS-SA-RS-352-2017, from which it is extracted "…During the inspection, it is observed that, distributed throughout the property, as well as in the rear section thereof (South sector), there is a presence of ordinary solid waste (residuos sólidos ordinarios) and special management waste (residuos de manejo especial). Said solid waste is even observable on the boundaries of the Quebrada Lajas… …It should be clarified that, during the inspection, it was not possible to observe dumping or discharge of material on the land, nor was it possible to observe hazardous flammable waste (residuos peligrosos inflamables) as indicated in the complaint…" In view of the foregoing, it is recommended to issue administrative acts (actos administrativos) to the registered owner of the farm (finca) registered under real estate folio number (matricula folio real) 490058--000.
(Folios 00052 to 00055) 8. On August 29, 2017, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-1785-2017, Mr. Alberto Ureña Herrera was informed about what happened with his complaint. (Folios 00056 to 00057) 9. On August 31, 2017, Sanitary Order (Orden Sanitaria) No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017 was notified to Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, bearer of identity document No. 1-0431-0630, as the registered owner of the farm (finca) registered under real estate folio number (matricula folio real) 490058--000, by which he is ordered "within a period of 20 working days, you must carry out the necessary works corresponding to the cleaning and elimination of all ordinary waste and special management waste stored outdoors that can accumulate water. The same must be disposed of properly in order to avoid impacts on the environment. You must maintain the property in adequate conditions of order and cleanliness, preventing it from becoming a source of infection, a focus of environmental contamination, or a breeding ground and/or shelter for harmful fauna (fauna nociva).
The accumulation of ordinary waste and special management waste in places not authorized for such purpose is prohibited, all of the above in accordance with Articles 37, 39, 164, 262, 263, 279, 283, 318, 319, 325, 340, 341, 355, 356, and 357 of the General Health Law (Ley General de Salud) 5395 of October 30, 1973, Article 50 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica, all of the above in order to protect public health and the environment." (Folios 00058 to 00060) 10. On October 8, 2017, at 10:15 a.m., according to Inspection Report (Acta de Inspección) No. 01-09-10-17-KVC, verification of compliance with Sanitary Order (Orden Sanitaria) No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017 was carried out, which is duly documented in Technical Report No. CS-ARSSA- RS-447-2017. During said inspection, non-compliance with what was ordered in that administrative act (acto administrativo) is corroborated; therefore, it is recommended to proceed with the complaint for disobedience to authority, as warned in the same.
(Folios 00061 to 00062) 11. On October 17, 2017, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-2194-2017, Mr. Alberto Ureña Herrera, in his capacity as Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, was informed of what happened with his complaint. (Folios 00063 to 00064) 12. On October 25, 2017, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-2193-2017, a complaint was filed before the Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministerio Público), Pavas Prosecutor's Office, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for the crime of disobedience to authority. (Folios 00065 to 00068) 13. On March 8, 2018, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received an official communication from the Misdemeanor and Small Claims Court of Santa Ana (Juzgado Contravencional y de Menor Cuantía de Santa Ana) corresponding to case file No. 17-000242-1725-FC, by which it is indicated "having carried out the diligence requested by the Ministry of Health, and there being no pending procedure, the archiving of the present case is ordered," the above corresponding to the request for a warrant (allanamiento) executed in order to address the complaint in question.
(Folios 00069 to 00070) 14. On August 28, 2018, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received, via email, a request from the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo), Case File No. 123-17-03-TAA, Resolution No. 489-18-TAA corresponding to the complaint filed by Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, via official communication MSA-GOTPCA- 02-042-2017, addressed in a timely manner by this Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area. (Folios 00071 to 00074) 15. On September 6, 2018, via official communication CS-ARS-SA-1622-2019, a response was given to the request from the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo), informing it of the actions of this Rectorate Health Area in the referenced case. (Folios 00075 to 00078) 16. On February 21, 2019, Eng. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Santa Ana, requested a copy of complaint No. 230-2019, which is delivered via email.
(Folios 00079 to 00080) 17. On April 23, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received, via email, a request from the Pavas Prosecutor's Office for certified copies of the documentation offered by Dr. Dagoberto Trejos Azofeifa in case 17-001205-0283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. (Folio 00081) 18. On April 24, 2019, the certified copies were submitted to the Pavas Prosecutor's Office under sequential control number CS-ARS-SA-0980-2019. (Folio 00082) 19. On August 22, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received, via email, a request from the Pavas Prosecutor's Office so that "within three days you state in writing if you intend to become a complaining party (querellante), and if you so communicate it to this office, you must file the formal complaint (querella) within ten days following the expiration of the previous period." On the day in question, via official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1898-2019, a timely response was given indicating that "this Ministry of Health does not wish to file the complaint (Querella); continuation with the legal representation through the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic (Procuraduría General de la República), the State's legal representative in matters within its competence, is requested." (Folios 00083 to 00085).
(…)
22. On September 23, 2019, the Santa Ana Rectorate Health Area received, via email, an official communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas (Juzgado Penal de Pavas) regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, cause 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, set for the FIFTH DAY OF DECEMBER, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, starting at NINE HOURS ZERO MINUTES. (Folios 00094 to 00095)" In case file no. 097-2019, which is a follow-up to the case, the following proceedings were detailed:
"1.
On March 29, 2019, at 10:03 a.m., pursuant to Inspection Record No. 01-29-03-1 9-JQV, follow-up on the complaint was conducted; at the reported property, Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas was present, to whom the reason for the inspection was explained, and he allowed entry to his property, as detailed in Technical Report No. CS-ARS-SA-RS-093-2019 (Folio 00001 and folios 00005 to 00008). 2. On April 4, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0876-2019, Mr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed of the developments in the follow-up to the complaint (Folios 00002 to 00004). 3. On April 10, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019, the complaint was forwarded to the Municipality of Santa Ana for intervention in resolving the reported environmental issue according to its legal and administrative powers, "in accordance with the provisions of Article 8, subsection f) of the Comprehensive Waste Management Law No. 8839, which establishes that it is a function of the Municipalities: To prevent and eliminate illegal dumps (vertederos) in the canton and the unauthorized accumulation of waste." Said notification was made on April 23, 2019 (Folios 00009 to 00010 and folio 00016). 4.
On April 10, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019, the complaint was forwarded to the Environmental Comptroller's Office (Contraloría Ambiental) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy for intervention in resolving the reported environmental issue according to its legal and administrative powers, "in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of the Forestry Law No. 7575." Said notification was made on April 23, 2019 (Folios 00011 to 00012 and folio 00019). 5. On April 12, 2019, a Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 was again notified to Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, bearer of identity document No. 1-0431-0630, in his capacity as registered owner of the property registered under real estate folio number 490058---000, ordering him to clean the property in question and maintain it in adequate sanitary conditions. (Folios 00013 to 00015). 6. On April 22, 2019, via official communication No. CS-ARS-SA-0966-2019, Mr.
Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed of the follow-up to the complaint. (Folios 00017 to 00018 and 00020). 7. On June 4, 2019, at 11:45 a.m., pursuant to Inspection Record No. 05-04-06-19-JQV, verification of compliance with Sanitary Order No. CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 was conducted, which is duly documented in Technical Report No. MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-IT-172-2019. During this inspection, non-compliance with the order given in that administrative act was confirmed; therefore, it was recommended to proceed with a complaint for disobedience to authority (desobediencia a la autoridad), as previously warned in said order. (Folios 00022 to 00026). 8. On June 6, 2019, via official communication No. MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1314-2019, a new criminal complaint was filed with the Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministerio Público), Pavas Prosecutor's Office, against Mr.
Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas for the crime of disobedience to authority (Folios 00027 to 00031). 9. On June 6, 2019, via official communication No. MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019, and due to lack of response, follow-up was conducted with the Environmental Comptroller's Office, Ministry of Environment and Energy, regarding the complaint referral made via official communication CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019 on April 23, 2019. Said notification was made on June 10, 2019 (Folio 00032 and folios 00042 to 00043). 10. On June 6, 2019, via official communication No. MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1305-2019, and due to lack of response, follow-up was conducted with the Municipality of Santa Ana regarding the complaint referral made via official communication CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 on April 23, 2019. Said notification was made on June 14, 2019 (Folio 00033 and folio 00054). 11. On June 6, 2019, via official communication No. MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019, Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director of the Central South Region of the Ministry of Health, was informed of the follow-up to the complaint.
Said notification was made on June 10, 2019 (Folios 00034 to 00035 and folio 00041). 12. On June 7, 2019, notification was made of the criminal complaint for disobedience to authority filed with the Public Prosecutor's Office, Pavas Prosecutor's Office, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas (Folios 00036 to 00040). 13. On June 10, 2019, an acknowledgment of receipt from Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo regarding official communication MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 was received by this Santa Ana Health Governing Area (Folios 00044 to 00045). 14. On June 10, 2019, official communication CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 from the Environmental Comptroller's Office was received by this Santa Ana Health Governing Area, acknowledging receipt of official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 and stating that the position of Environmental Comptroller "is an oversight role and cannot directly address and resolve the complaints presented to it, but rather, depending on the case, must refer them to the competent bodies so that they, within the scope of their powers, execute the necessary actions to remedy, prevent, or halt the reported situation." It also requests a report on actions taken within 10 days.
(Folios 00046 to 00049). 15. On June 14, 2019, via official communication No. NIS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1365-2019, a response was given to the request made by the Environmental Comptroller's Office via official communication CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 (Folios 00050 to 00053). 16. On June 26, 2019, official communication MS-ALC-04-408-19 signed by the Mayor of the Municipality of Santa Ana was received at this Santa Ana Health Governing Area, acknowledging receipt of official communication CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 notified on April 23, 2019, concluding that the case is under investigation by the Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental). (Folios 00055 to 00056) (…) 19. On September 23, 2019, via email, this Santa Ana Health Governing Area received a communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, set for DECEMBER FIVE, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, at NINE O'CLOCK AND ZERO MINUTES." Finally, the following actions are recorded in case file No. 151-2019:
"1. On May 22, 2019, a complaint filed by Ms. Marja Schans for accumulation of solid waste (residuos sólidos), filling (relleno), burning (quemas), among others, against Mr. Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas was received by this Santa Ana Health Governing Area. (Folios 00001 to 00003). 2. On June 4, 2019, pursuant to inspection record No. 03-04-06-19-KVC, officials from this Santa Ana Health Governing Area conducted an on-site inspection, confirming that the reported case is open and under follow-up by this Santa Ana Health Governing Area, having issued two prior administrative acts (actos administrativos), as well as the respective criminal complaints for the crime of disobedience to authority filed with the Public Prosecutor's Office and complaint referrals to MINAET and the Municipality of Santa Ana. (Folio 00004). 3. On July 3, 2019, via official communication No. MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1478-2019, the complainant was informed of actions taken on a prior complaint filed against Mr.
Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, and was also asked to clarify her home address as well as the timeframe of impacts if claiming noise problems. (Folios 00005 to 00007). 4. (…) 20. On September 23, 2019, via email, this Santa Ana Health Governing Area received a communication from the Criminal Court of Pavas regarding a PRELIMINARY HEARING, case 17-1205-283-PE for the crime of DISOBEDIENCE against MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, set for DECEMBER FIVE, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, at NINE O'CLOCK AND ZERO MINUTES. (Folios 00016 to 00017)" This statement of facts allows the Chamber to conclude that the Santa Ana Health Governing Area has followed up on the complaint and sought compliance with the sanitary orders it has issued, to the point of bringing the non-compliance before judicial courts. Hence, it is exempted from liability, and the appeal against it is dismissed.
VIII.The appeal against the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Environmental Comptroller of MINAE is dismissed, as there is no evidence of an act or omission attributable to them related to this case.
In environmental matters, it is also the undersigned's view that if the Public Administration has already intervened, I consider that the knowledge and resolution of the matter corresponds to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. However, I do enter into the merits of the case when other rights of the persons affected by the pollution source are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as is the case here, where the appellant accuses the respondent authorities of a series of omissions in addressing and resolving the illegal dumpsite problem afflicting their community, in violation of the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a decent level of quality of life.
X.Documentation provided to the case file. The parties are warned that if they have provided any paper documents, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be retrieved from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Regulation on the Electronic Case File before the Judicial Branch" (Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial), approved by the Full Court in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in the Judicial Bulletin number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judicial Branch, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The appeal is partially granted, against the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo) and the Municipality of Santa Ana. Maricé Navarro Montoya, in her capacity as President of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, or whoever holds that position in her stead, is ordered to take the necessary actions so that case file No. 123-17-03-TAA is resolved according to law and the decision is notified to the parties of that case file, all within a period not exceeding TWO MONTHS, starting from the notification of this judgment. Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza, in his capacity as Mayor of Santa Ana, or whoever holds that position in his stead, is ordered to take the necessary actions so that case file No. PEALC-MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-013-18 is resolved according to law and the decision is notified to the parties of that case file, all within a period not exceeding TWO MONTHS, starting from the notification of this judgment; in addition, he or whoever holds his position is ordered to eliminate the illegal dumpsite (vertedero ilegal) that is the subject of this proceeding, within a period not exceeding SIX MONTHS, starting from the notification of this judgment.
The foregoing under the warning that, if he fails to comply with said order, he will incur the crime of disobedience to authority and that, in accordance with Article 71 of the Law of this Jurisdiction, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo appeal, and does not comply with it or enforce it, provided the crime is not more severely punished. The State and the Municipality of Santa Ana are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts underlying this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the judgment in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. In all other respects, the appeal is dismissed. Judge Salazar Alvarado adds a note. Notify this resolution to Maricé Navarro Montoya and Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza, in their respective capacities as President of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and Mayor of Santa Ana, or whoever holds those positions in their stead, in person.
Fernando Castillo V. President Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana María Picado B.
*UOOIZBP5MMC61* Telephones: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2295-3712 / 2549-1633. Email: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 mts.Sur de la iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro). Reception for matters concerning vulnerable groups: Edificio Corte Suprema de Justicia, San José, Distrito Catedral, Barrio González Lahmann, calles 19 y 21, avenidas 8 y 6 Classification prepared by the CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER of the Judicial Branch. Its reproduction and/or distribution for profit is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 08-05-2026 23:00:34.
Control constitucional: Sentencia estimatoria Sentencia con nota separada Indicadores de Relevancia Sentencia relevante Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
BASURA.
AMBIENTE. SE CUESTIONA INACCIÓN POR PARTE DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN POR PROBLEMA DE SALUD QUE GENERA BOTADERO ILEGAL. SE ORDENA A LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE SANTA ANA, ELIMINAR EN UN PLAZO DE SEIS MESES, EL VERTEDERO ILEGAL VCG03/2020 ... Ver más *190200280007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas cuarenta minutos del veintiocho de febrero de dos mil veinte .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en el expediente n.º 19-020028-0007-CO, interpuesto por LOURDES MARÍN DELGADO, cédula de identidad 0900640554, a favor de la ASOCIACIÓN DE DESARROLLO INTEGRAL DE POZOS DE SANTA ANA, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE SANTA ANA, el MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGIA (MINAE), el MINISTERIO DE SALUD y el MINISTERIO PÚBLICO.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,
Considerando:
I.Cuestión preliminar. En vista de que el Contralor del Ambiente del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía omitió rendir el informe dentro del plazo fijado por este Tribunal en la resolución de curso de este asunto, de conformidad con el artículo 45 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se tienen por ciertos los hechos en lo que a ese funcionario atañe y se procede a analizar la constitucionalidad del asunto con base en los demás elementos aportados a los autos.
II.Objeto del recurso. La recurrente reclama que los accionados no han solucionado el problema ambiental y de salud generado por un botadero ilegal existente en su comunidad.
III.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
El TAA tramita el expediente administrativo n.º 123-17-03-TAA ha tenido las siguientes actuaciones: El 9 de junio de 2017 recibió una denuncia del Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana en contra de Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas por afectaciones ambientales producto de un botadero ilegal de residuos especiales de construcción ubicado en la Finca n.° 490058-000, plano catastrado n.° SJ-0557429-1999. El TAA, mediante resolución n.° 1066-17-TAA de las 9:37 horas de 26 de julio de 2017, solicitó al denunciante indicar si eran hechos nuevos a los ya conocidos en el expediente número 083-16-02-TAA. Mediante oficio recibido el 16 de agosto de 2017, el denunciante manifestó al TAA que se trataba de hechos nuevos. Por escrito del 22 de mayo de 2018, la Municipalidad de Santa Ana amplió la denuncia en contra de Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. El TAA, por resolución n.° 489-18-TAA de las 11:02 horas del 8 de junio de año 2018, acordó solicitar a Efraín Monge Hernández, en su condición de Jefe de la Oficina Subregional de Puriscal, una inspección ocular in situ y el informe correspondiente; también le pidió a la Jefa del Área Rectora de Salud efectuar una inspección ocular in situ y el informe correspondiente.
El 6 de setiembre de 2018, el Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Ana remitió el informe solicitado. El TAA, en resolución n.° 1074-18-TAA de las 9:35 horas de17 de octubre de 2018, acordó solicitar por segunda ocasión a Efraín Monge Hernández, en su condición de Jefe de la Oficina Subregional de Puriscal, una inspección ocular "in situ" y rendir el informe correspondiente. El 25 de octubre de 2018, la Oficina de Puriscal del SINAC remitió el informe requerido. El TAA, por resolución n.° 1278-2018-TAA de las 9:18 horas de 23 de noviembre de 2018, acordó solicitar a José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, en su condición de Director de la Dirección de Agua del MINAE, una inspección ocular in situ y el informe correspondiente. El TAA, mediante resolución n.° 163-2019-TAA de las 8:05 horas de 31 de enero de 2019, acordó solicitar por segunda ocasión a José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, en su condición de Director de la Dirección de Agua del MINAE, una inspección ocular in situ y rendir el informe correspondiente.
Por oficio recibido el 14 de marzo de 2019, la Municipalidad de Santa Ana formuló hechos nuevos. El TAA, por resolución n.° 836-2019-TAA de las 7:50 horas de 29 de mayo de 2019, acordó requerir por tercera y última ocasión a José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, en su condición de Director de la Dirección de Agua del MINAE, y al Jefe de la Oficina Sub Regional de Puriscal, una inspección ocular in situ y remitir el informe correspondiente. El 6 de agosto de 2019, la Municipalidad de Santa Ana envió información al expediente. El TAA, por resolución n.° 1454-19-TAA de las 8:57 horas de 29 de agosto de 2019, citó a José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, en su condición de Director de Aguas, y al Jefe de la Oficina Sub Regional de Puriscar, a una inspección ocular in situ para el 7 de octubre de2019. El 29 de octubre de 2019, la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE remitió el informe correspondiente. (Informe del TAA y prueba aportada).
El Departamento de Gestión de Ordenamiento Territorial ha documentado los siguientes actos de clausura:
“1. Acta de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-224-2016 del 25 de abril del 2016 y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 4 de mayo del 2016 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-254-2016.
2. Acta de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-207-2017 del 17 de febrero del 2017 y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 28 de febrero del 2017 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-215-2017.
3. Acta de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-055-2018 del 20 de febrero del 2018 y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 27 de febrero del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-070-2018.
4. Acta de clausura del 16 de marzo del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-268-2018, y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 23 de marzo del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-271 -2018.
5. Acta de clausura dl (sic) 16 de abril del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-302-2018, y Acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 31 de mayo del 2018.
6. Acta de clausura del 14 de junio del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018, y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 27 de agosto del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-540-2018.
7. Acta de clausura del 16 de agosto del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018, y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 27 de agosto del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO- 03-541 -2018.
8. Acta de clausura del 11 de octubre del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018; y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 17 de diciembre del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-RIO-03-610-2018”. (Informe de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana y prueba aportada).
Sobre el procedimiento especial administrativo (Ley de Construcciones): La Dirección de Ordenamiento Territorial, mediante oficio PEALC-MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-13-18 de las 8:00 horas de 5 de abril de 2019, inició procedimiento especial administrativo con base en la Ley de Construcciones en contra de Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, por cuanto en la propiedad n.º 490058 presuntamente se construyeron “RELLENOS, MURO LATERAL, GALERÓN DE MADERA Y CUBIERTA, Y BOTADERO” sin los permisos municipales correspondientes. (Informe rendido bajo juramento y prueba aportada por la Municipalidad de Santa Ana). El 5 de abril de 2019 se notificó a Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas la gestión anterior; sin embargo, se negó a firmar. (Prueba aportada por la Municipalidad de Santa Ana).
El expediente n.º 230-2017 ha tenido las siguientes actuaciones:
“1. El día 09 de junio de 2017 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana denuncia interpuesta por el Ing. Alberto Ureña Herrera en calidad de Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana por botadero ilegal de residuos especiales de construcción contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, cédula 1-0431-0630 en calidad de propietario de la finca matricula folio real N°490058--000, ubicada en calle Chinchilla,400 metros Este del Condominio Paseo Del Sol, sita Santa Ana, Santa Ana, mediante oficio MSA-GOT-PCA-02-042-2017, la cual se tramita bajo el consecutivo interno de denuncias N°230-2017. (Folios 00001 al 00043) 2. El día 26 de junio de 2017 al ser las 03:10 de la tarde conforme Acta de Inspección N°05-26-06-17-KVC funcionarios de esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana proceden a atender la denuncia, no obstante, debido que se encontraban realizando trabajos en el camino principal de acceso al sitio denunciado, no fue posible acceder hasta la propiedad denunciada, por lo tanto, se reprograma inspección.
(Folio 00044) 3. El día 27 de junio de 2017 al ser las 11:30 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°02-27-06-17-KVC se procede a realizar seguimiento de la denuncia, no obstante, debido que se encontraban realizando trabajos en el camino principal de acceso al sitio denunciado, no fue posible acceder hasta la propiedad denunciada, por lo tanto, se reprograma inspección.(Folio 00045) 4. El día 04 de julio de 2017 al ser las 09:05 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°02-04-07-17-KVC se procede a realizar seguimiento de la denuncia, en la propiedad denunciada atiende el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas a quien se le explica el motivo de la inspección, no obstante, indica que no va a permitir el ingreso a su propiedad. Se le explica que se deberá proceder a solicitar el respectivo allanamiento, no obstante, indica que no permitirá el acceso para realizar la inspección. (Folio 00046) 5.
El día 07 de agosto de 2017 y debido a la huelga sostenida por el Poder Judicial en dicho periodo, se logra hacer entrega del oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-1511-2017 con fecha del 07 de Julio de 2017 al Juzgado de Santa Ana, mediante el cual se hace la solicitud formal de allanamiento a la propiedad en cuestión. (Folios 00047 al 00049) 6. El día 18 de agosto de 2017 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana documento del Juzgado de Santa Ana mediante el cual se señala el día 23 de Agosto de 2017 para el allanamiento. (Folios 00050 al 00051) 7. El día 23 de agosto de 2017 conforme Acta de Inspección N°01-23-08-17-KVC se procede a realizar el allanamiento en cuestión, cuyas observaciones se encuentran debidamente documentadas en el Informe Técnico N°CS-ARS-SA-RS-352-2017 del cual se extrae "...Durante la inspección se observa que, distribuidos en toda la propiedad, así como en la sección posterior de la misma (sector Sur), existe presencia de residuos sólidos ordinarios y residuos de manejo especial, dichos residuos sólidos incluso son observables en los linderos de la Quebrada Lajas... ...Cabe aclarar que, durante la inspección no fue posible observar vertido o descarga de material en el terreno, tampoco fue posible observar residuos peligrosos inflamables como se indica en la denuncia..." en vista de lo anterior se recomienda girar los actos administrativos al propietario registral de la finca matricula folio real N°490058--000 (Folios 00052 al 00055) 8.
El día 29 de agosto de 2017 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-1785-2017 se procede a informarle al señor Alberto Ureña Herrera sobre lo acontecido con su denuncia (Folios 00056 al 00057) 9. El día 31 de Agosto de 2017 se procede a notificar Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017 al señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, portador del documento de identidad N° 1-0431-0630, en calidad de propietario registral de la finca matricula folio real N°490058--000, mediante la cual se le ordena "en un plazo de 20 días hábiles debe llevar a cabo las obras de rigor correspondiente a la limpieza y eliminación de todos los residuos ordinarios y de manejo especial almacenados a la intemperie que puedan acumular agua. Los mismos deben ser dispuestos de manera adecuada a fin de evitar la afectación al ambiente. Debe de mantener la propiedad en adecuadas condiciones de orden y limpieza evitando que se convierta en fuente de infección, foco de contaminación ambiental, o en criadero y/o albergue de fauna nociva.
Se prohíbe la acumulación de residuos ordinarios y de manejo especial en lugares no autorizados para tal fin, todo lo anterior de acuerdo a lo establecido en los Artículos 37, 39, 164, 262, 263, 279, 283, 318, 319, 325, 340, 341, 355, 356 y 357 de la Ley General de Salud 5395 del 30 de octubre de 1973, Artículo 50 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, todo lo anterior en aras de proteger la salud pública y el ambiente" (Folios 00058 al 00060) 10. El día 08 de octubre de 2017 al ser las 10:15 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°01-09-10-17-KVC se procede a realizar la verificación de cumplimiento de la Orden Sanitaria N°CS~ARS-SA~OS-097-2017, lo cual se encuentra debidamente documentada en el Informe Técnico N°CS-ARSSA- RS-447-2017. Durante dicha inspección se corrobora incumplimiento de Io ordenado en dicho acto administrativo, por lo tanto, se recomienda proceder con la denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad, según fue apercibido en la misma.
(Folios 00061 al 00062) 11. EI día 17 de octubre de 2017 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-2194-2017 se le informa al señor Alberto Ureña Herrera en calidad de Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana lo acontecido con su denuncia. (Folios 00063 al 00064) 12. El día 25 de Octubre de 2017 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-2193-2017 se procede a interponer denuncia ante el Ministerio Público, Fiscalía de Pavas contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad. (Folios 00065 al 00068) 13. El día 08 de marzo de 2018 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana oficio del Juzgado Contravencional y de Menor Cuantía de Santa Ana correspondiente al expediente N°17-000242-1725-FC, mediante el cual se indica "habiéndose realizado la diligencia solicitada por el Ministerio de Salud, y no existiendo ningún trámite pendiente, se ordena el archivo de la presente causa" lo anterior corresponde a la solicitud de allanamiento ejecutada para poder dar atención a la denuncia en cuestión.
(Folios 00069 al 00070) 14. El día 28 de agosto de 2018 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico solicitud del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, Expediente N°123-17-03-TAA, Resolución N°489-18-TAA correspondiente a la denuncia interpuesta por el Ing. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana mediante oficio MSA-GOTPCA- 02-042-2017 atendida en tiempo y forma por esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana. (Folios 00071 al 00074) 15. El día 06 de setiembre de 2018 mediante oficio CS-ARS-SA-1622-2019 se da respuesta a lo solicitado por el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, indicándosele el actuar de esta Área Rectora de Salud en caso de cita. (Folios 00075 al 00078) 16. El día 21 de febrero de 2019 el Ing. Alberto Ureña Herrera. Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana solicita copia de la denuncia N°230-2019, la cual se entrega vía correo electrónico.
(Folios 00079 al 00080) 17. El día 23 de abril de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico solicitud de la Fiscalía de Pavas de las copias certificadas de la documentación ofrecida por el Dr. Dagoberto Trejos Azofeifa en la causa 17-001205-0283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. (Folio 00081) 18. EI día 24 de abril de 2019 se presenta ante la Fiscalia de Pavas las copias certificadas mediante consecutivo CS-ARS-SA-0980-2019. (Folio 00082) 19. EI día 22 de agosto de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico solicitud de la Fiscalía de Pavas a efecto de que "dentro de tres días manifieste por escrito si pretende constituirse en querellante, y si así Io comunicare a este despacho deberá presentar la querella dentro de los diez días siguientes al vencimiento del plazo anterior", el día en cuestión mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1898-2019 se da respuesta oportuna indicándose que "este Ministerio de Salud no desea presentar la Querella, se solicita continuar con la representación legal mediante la Procuraduría General de la República, representante legal del Estado en materias propias de su competencia".
(Folios 00083 al 00085). 20. EI día 21 de agosto de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana solicitud presentada por el Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ABOGADO, mediante la cual solicita "información con respecto a las irregularidades denunciadas sobre la situación de un botadero ilegal y clandestino localizado en calle Chinchilla, cantón de Santa Ana, provincia de San José, así como las gestiones realizadas por el MINISTERIO DE SALUD para atender dichas denuncias. Agradecería poder acceder a esta información en un plazo no mayor a 10 días hábiles, en caso de no ser esto posible, les ruego tengan a bien informarme". (Folios 00086 al 00088) 21. EI día 29 de agosto de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019 en tiempo y forma se brinda respuesta a cada una de las solicitudes planteadas por el Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ABOGADO citadas a continuación. a. "Copia sencilla de cualquier gestión interpuesta ante el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, así como de todas las acciones realizadas por el Ministerio de Salud con respecto a las irregularidades denunciadas sobre la situación del botadero ilegal y clandestino localizado en calle Chinchilla, cantón de Santa Ana, provincia de San José". i. Las copias de las gestiones solicitadas se encuentran a su disposición para revisión y/o copia, en el expediente administrativo del caso.
Se le recuerda que deberá presentarse al Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Ana con su respectivo carné del Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica, llenar el formulario de "Solicitud de entrega Fotocopia de Expediente" mismo que se le facilitará en la Ventanilla Única y costear el costo de las mismas. b. ¿Cuál es el criterio técnico y legal del Ministerio de Salud para mantener activo un permiso sanitario de funcionamiento cuando se tienen por comprobadas irregularidades en el mismo sitio donde se desarrolla la actividad permitida? i. Actualmente, este Ministerio de Salud no ha otorgado ningún Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento para la actividad de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos" en la finca N°490058--000. ii. Durante las inspecciones realizadas en la finca en cuestión, no ha sido posible evidenciar la actividad comercial de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos". c. "En caso de que se hayan emitido órdenes de clausura por parte del Ministerio de Salud: ¿Cuál es el estado de estos procedimientos?
Y ¿Cómo se debería proceder en caso que no se hayan respetado?" i. Durante las inspecciones realizadas en la finca denunciada, no se ha corroborado el desarrollo de la actividad comercial de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos", por lo que, se procedió a emitir las Ordenes Sanitarias mediante las cuales se le ordenó al propietario registral realizar la limpieza de la propiedad y ejecutar las obras atinentes a la adecuada disposición de los residuos, no obstante, se corroboró que el denunciado actúa al margen de la ley, optando por un comportamiento en franco desafío a las leyes, por lo tanto, se procedió a interponer las dos denuncias por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad ante el Ministerio Público. ii. Asimismo, y en apego a lo establecido en el artículo 8 inciso f) de la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos N°8839 mediante el cual se establece que es función de las Municipalidades: "Prevenir y eliminar los vertederos en el cantón y el acopio no autorizado de residuos", se procedió a realizar la solicitud de intervención de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana. d. Siendo que el Ministerio de Salud se tiene dentro de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente y el Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames, como el ente responsable de velar por la protección y mejoramiento del ambiente en asentamientos humanos: ¿Se han activado los mecanismos y procedimientos contemplados en la normativa señalada?
En caso contrario: ¿Por qué razón técnica o jurídica no se han realizado? i. Los entes generadores contemplados en el Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames N° 37757-S, en su artículo 1 establece: "...El cumplimiento de esta regulación será responsabilidad de las personas físicas y jurídicas que desarrollen actividades industriales, comerciales, de servicios, actividades agropecuarias o agroindustriales, en el territorio nacional y cuyos procesos o actividades incluyan la producción, el transporte, uso, manejo, almacenamiento o transvase de alguna de las sustancias reguladas en el presente reglamento, ya sea en forma individual o incorporadas a las mezclas y productos que manipule". ii. Para el caso de marras, no se ha observado el desarrollo de actividades como las indicadas anteriormente". (Folios 00089 al 00093) 22.
El día 23 de setiembre de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico oficio del Juzgado Penal de Pavas sobre AUDIENCIA PRELIMINAR, causa 17-1205-283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, para el día CINCO DE DICIEMBRE DEL DOS MIL DIECINUEVE a partir de las NUEVE HORAS CON CERO MINUTOS. (Folios 00094 al 00095)”.
El expediente n.º 097-2019 ha tenido las siguientes actuaciones:
“1. El día 29 de marzo de 2019 al ser las 10:03 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°01-29-03-1 9-JQV se procede a dar seguimiento a denuncia; en la propiedad denunciada atiende el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas a quien se le explica el motivo de la inspección, este permite el ingreso a su propiedad, tal y como se detalla en el Informe TécnicoN°CS-ARS-SA-RS-093-2019 (Folio 00001 y folios 00005 al 00008).2. El día 04 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-0876-2019 se procede a informarle al señor Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director Región Central Sur del Ministerio de Salud, sobre lo acontecido con el seguimiento de la denuncia (Folios 00002 al 00004)3. El día 10 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio N° CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019, se realiza traslado de denuncia a la Municipalidad de Santa Ana con el fin de que intervengan en la resolución de la problemática ambiental denunciada de acuerdo a sus competencias legales y administrativas "en apego a Io establecido en el articulo 8 inciso f) de la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos N°8839 mediante el cual se establece que es función de las Municipalidades: Prevenir y eliminar los vertederos en el cantón y el acopio no autorizado de residuos".
Dicha notificación se realiza el día 23 de abril de 2019 (Folios 00009 al 00010 y folio 00016).4. El día 10 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio No CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019, se realiza traslado de denuncia a la Contraloría Ambiental del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía con el fin de que intervengan en la resolución de la problemática ambiental denunciada de acuerdo con sus competencias legales y administrativas "en apego a lo establecido en el artículo 33 de la Ley Forestal N°7575. Dicha notificación se realiza el día 23 de abril de 2019 (Folios 00011 al 00012 y folio 00019).5. El día 12 de abril de 2019 se procede a notificar nuevamente una Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 al señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, portador del documento de identidad Nº 1-0431-0630, en calidad de propietario registral de la finca matricula folio real N°490058---000, mediante la cual se le ordena realizar la limpieza de la propiedad en cuestión y mantenerla en adecuadas condiciones de higiene.
(Folios 00013al 00015). 6. El día 22 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-0966-2019 se procede a informarle al señor Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director Región Central Sur del Ministerio de Salud, sobre el seguimiento a la denuncia. (Folios 00017 al 00018 y 00020) 7. El día 04 de junio de 2019 al ser las 11:45 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°05-04-06-19-JQV se procede a realizar la verificación de cumplimiento de la Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019, lo cual se encuentra debidamente documentado en el Informe Técnico N°MSDRRSCS- ARSSA-IT-172-2019. Durante dicha inspección se corrobora incumplimiento de lo ordenado en dicho acto administrativo, por lo tanto, se recomienda proceder con la denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad, según fue apercibido en la misma. (Folios 00022 al 00026). 8. El día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1314-2019 se procede a interponer nueva denuncia ante el Ministerio Público, Fiscalía de Pavas contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad (Folios 00027 al 00031) 9.
El día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 y ante la falta de respuesta, se procede a dar seguimiento ante la Contraloría Ambiental, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía del traslado de denuncia realizada mediante oficio CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019 el día 23 de abril de 2019. Dicha notificación se realiza el día 10 de junio de 2019 (Folio 00032 y folios 00042 al 00043) 10. EI día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1305-2019 y ante la falta de respuesta, se procede a dar seguimiento ante la Municipalidad de Santa Ana del traslado de denuncia realizada mediante oficio CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 el dia 23 de abril de 2019. Dicha notificación se realiza el día 14 de junio de 2019 (Folio 00033 y folio 00054) 11. EI día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 se procede a informar al Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director Región Central Sur del Ministerio de Salud, sobre el seguimiento a la denuncia.
Dicha notificación se realiza el día 10 de junio de 2019 (Folios 00034 al 00035 y folio 00041) 12. El día 07 de junio de 2019 se procede a notificar denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad ante el Ministerio Público, Fiscalía de Pavas contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas (Folios 00036 al 00040) 13. El día 10 de junio de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana acuse de recibido del Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo sobre oficio MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 (Folios 00044 al 00045) 14. El día 10 de junio de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana oficio CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 de la Contraloría Ambiental mediante el cual hace acuse de recibido de oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 y expone que el puesto de Contralor del Ambiente "es un fiscalizador no podría atender y resolver directamente las denuncias que se le presenten, sino que, dependiendo del caso, debe remitirlas a los órganos competentes para que sean éstos los que, en el marco de sus competencias, ejecuten las acciones necesarias para remediar, impedir o detener la situación denunciada", asimismo, solicita en un plazo de 10 días un informe de lo actuado.
(Folios 00046 al 00049) 15. El día 14 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio NIS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1365- 2019 se da respuesta a lo solicitado por la Contraloría Ambiental mediante oficio CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 (Folios 00050 al 00053) 16. El día 26 de junio de 2019 se recibe ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana oficio MS-ALC-04-408-19 suscrito por el alcalde de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana mediante el cual hace acuse de recibido al oficio CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 notificado el 23 de abril de 2019, concluyendo que el caso se encuentra en un proceso de investigación por el Tribunal Ambiental. (Folios00055 al 00056) 17. El día 21 de agosto de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana solicitud presentada por el Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ABOGADO, mediante la cual solicita "información con respecto a las irregularidades denunciadas sobre la situación de un botadero ilegal y clandestino localizado en calle Chinchilla, cantón de Santa Ana, provincia de San José; así como las gestiones realizadas por el MINISTERIO DE SALUD para atender dichas denuncias.
Agradecería poder acceder a esta información en un plazo no mayor a 10 días hábiles, en caso de no ser esto posible, les ruego tengan a bien informarme". (Folios 00057 al 00059) 18. El día 29 de agosto de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019 en tiempo y forma se brinda respuesta a cada una de las solicitudes planteadas por el Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ABOGADO citadas a continuación. a. "Copia sencilla de cualquier gestión interpuesta ante el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, así como de todas las acciones realizadas por el Ministerio de Salud con respecto a las irregularidades denunciadas sobre la situación del botadero ilegal y clandestino localizado en calle Chinchilla, cantón de Santa Ana, provincia de San José". i. Las copias de las gestiones solicitadas se encuentran a su disposición para revisión y/o copia, en el expediente administrativo del caso. Se le recuerda que deberá presentarse al Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Ana con su respectivo carné del Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica, llenar el formulario de "Solicitud de entrega Fotocopia de Expediente" mismo que se le facilitará en la Ventanilla Única y costear el costo de las mismas. b. ¿Cuál es el criterio técnico y legal del Ministerio de Salud para mantener activo un permiso sanitario de funcionamiento cuando se tienen por comprobadas irregularidades en el mismo sitio donde se desarrolla la actividad permitida? i. Actualmente, este Ministerio de Salud no ha otorgado ningún Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento para la actividad de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos" en la finca N°490058--000. ii.
Durante las inspecciones realizadas en la finca en cuestión, no ha sido posible evidenciar la actividad comercial de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos". c. "En caso de que se hayan emitido órdenes de clausura por parte del Ministerio de Salud: ¿Cuál es el estado de estos procedimientos? Y ¿Cómo se debería proceder en caso que no se hayan respetado?" i. Durante las inspecciones realizadas en la finca denunciada, no se ha corroborado el desarrollo de la actividad comercial de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos", por lo que, se procedió a emitir las Ordenes Sanitarias mediante las cuales se le ordenó al propietario registral realizar la limpieza de la propiedad y ejecutar las obras atinentes a la adecuada disposición de los residuos, no obstante, se corroboró que el denunciado actúa al margen de la ley, optando por un comportamiento en franco desafío a las leyes, por lo tanto, se procedió a interponer las dos denuncias por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad ante el Ministerio Público. ii.
Asimismo, y en apego a lo establecido en el artículo 8 inciso f) de la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos N°8839 mediante el cual se establece que es función de las Municipalidades: "Prevenir y eliminar los vertederos en el cantón y el acopio no autorizado de residuos", se procedió a realizar la solicitud de intervención de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana. d. Siendo que el Ministerio de Salud se tiene dentro de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente y el Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames, como el ente responsable de velar por la protección y mejoramiento del ambiente en asentamientos humanos: ¿Se han activado los mecanismos y procedimientos contemplados en la normativa señalada? En caso contrario: ¿Por qué razón técnica o jurídica no se han realizado? i. Los entes generadores contemplados en el Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames N° 37757-S, en su artículo 1 establece: "...El cumplimiento de esta regulación será responsabilidad de las personas físicas y jurídicas que desarrollen actividades industriales, comerciales, de servicios, actividades agropecuarias o agroindustriales, en el territorio nacional y cuyos procesos o actividades incluyan la producción, el transporte, uso, manejo, almacenamiento o transvase de alguna de las sustancias reguladas en el presente reglamento, ya sea en forma individual o incorporadas a las mezclas y productos que manipule". ii.
Para el caso de marras, no se ha observado el desarrollo de actividades como las indicadas anteriormente". (Folios 00060 al 00064) 19. EI día 23 de setiembre de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico oficio del Juzgado Penal de Pavas sobre AUDIENCIA PRELIMINAR, causa 17-1205-283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, para el día CINCO DE DICIEMBRE DEL DOS MIL DIECINUEVE a partir de las NUEVE HORAS CON CERO MINUTOS”.
El expediente n.º 151-2019 ha tenido las siguientes actuaciones:
“1. El día 22 de mayo de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana denuncia interpuesta por la señora Marja Schans por acumulación de residuos sólidos, relleno, quemas, entre otros contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. (Folios 00001 al 00003) 2. El día 04 de junio de 2019 mediante acta de inspección N°03-04-06-19-KVC funcionarios de esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana, proceden a realizar inspección en el sitio, constatándose que el caso denunciado se encuentra abierto y en seguimiento por esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana habiéndose emitido dos actos administrativos previos, así como las respectivas denuncias por el delito de desobediencia ante el Ministerio Público y traslados de denuncia ante MINAET y Municipalidad de Santa Ana. (Folio 00004) 3. El día 03 de julio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1478-2019 se le informa a la denunciante lo actuado por denuncia previa interpuesta contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, asimismo, se le solicita aclarar la dirección de su vivienda así como el horario de afectación en caso de argumentar problemas por ruido.
(Folios 00005 al 00007) 4. El día 21 de agosto de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana solicitud presentada por el Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ABOGADO, mediante la cual solicita "información con respecto a las irregularidades denunciadas sobre la situación de un botadero ilegal y clandestino localizado en calle Chinchilla, cantón de Santa Ana, provincia de San José; así como las gestiones realizadas por el MINISTERIO DE SALUD para atender dichas denuncias. Agradecería poder acceder a esta información en un plazo no mayor a 10 días hábiles, en caso de no ser esto posible, les ruego tengan a bien informarme". (Folios 00008 al 00010) 5. El día 29 de agosto de 2019 mediante oficio Ms-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1927-2019 en tiempo y forma se brinda respuesta a cada una de las solicitudes planteadas por el Lic. Federico Peralta Bedoya, ABOGADO citadas a continuación. a. "Copia sencilla de cualquier gestión interpuesta ante el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, así como de todas las acciones realizadas por el Ministerio de Salud con respecto a las irregularidades denunciadas sobre la situación del botadero ilegal y clandestino localizado en calle Chinchilla, cantón de Santa Ana, provincia de San José". iii.
Las copias de las gestiones solicitadas se encuentran a su disposición para revisión y/o copia, en el expediente administrativo del caso. Se le recuerda que deberá presentarse al Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Ana con su respectivo carné del Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Costa Rica, llenar el formulario de "Solicitud de entrega Fotocopia de Expediente" mismo que se le facilitará en la Ventanilla Única y costear el costo de las mismas. b. ¿Cuál es el criterio técnico y legal del Ministerio de Salud para mantener activo un permiso sanitario de funcionamiento cuando se tienen por comprobadas irregularidades en el mismo sitio donde se desarrolla la actividad permitida? iv.Actualmente, este Ministerio de Salud no ha otorgado ningún Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento para la actividad de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos" en la finca N°490058--000. v. Durante las inspecciones realizadas en la finca en cuestión, no ha sido posible evidenciar la actividad comercial de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos". c. "En caso de que se hayan emitido órdenes de clausura por parte del Ministerio de Salud: ¿Cuál es el estado de estos procedimientos?
Y ¿Cómo se debería proceder en caso que no se hayan respetado?" vi. Durante las inspecciones realizadas en la finca denunciada, no se ha corroborado el desarrollo de la actividad comercial de "tratamiento y eliminación de desechos", por lo que, se procedió a emitir las Ordenes Sanitarias mediante las cuales se le ordenó al propietario registral realizar la limpieza de la propiedad y ejecutar las obras atinentes a la adecuada disposición de los residuos, no obstante, se corroboró que el denunciado actúa al margen de la ley, optando por un comportamiento en franco desafío a las leyes, por lo tanto, se procedió a interponer las dos denuncias por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad ante el Ministerio Público. vii. Asimismo, y en apego a lo establecido en el artículo 8 inciso f) de la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos N°8839 mediante el cual se establece que es función de las Municipalidades: "Prevenir y eliminar los vertederos en el cantón y el acopio no autorizado de residuos", se procedió a realizar la solicitud de intervención de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana. d. Siendo que el Ministerio de Salud se tiene dentro de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente y el Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames, como el ente responsable de velar por la protección y mejoramiento del ambiente en asentamientos humanos: ¿Se han activado los mecanismos y procedimientos contemplados en la normativa señalada?
En caso contrario: ¿Por qué razón técnica o jurídica no se han realizado? viii. Los entes generadores contemplados en el Reglamento sobre valores guía en suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames N° 37757-S, en su artículo 1 establece: "...El cumplimiento de esta regulación será responsabilidad de las personas físicas y jurídicas que desarrollen actividades industriales, comerciales, de servicios, actividades agropecuarias o agroindustriales, en el territorio nacional y cuyos procesos o actividades incluyan la producción, el transporte, uso, manejo, almacenamiento o transvase de alguna de las sustancias reguladas en el presente reglamento, ya sea en forma individual o incorporadas a las mezclas y productos que manipule". ix. Para el caso de marras, no se ha observado el desarrollo de actividades como las indicadas anteriormente". (Folios 00011 al 00015). 20.
EI día 23 de setiembre de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico oficio del Juzgado Penal de Pavas sobre AUDIENCIA PRELIMINAR, causa 17-1205-283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, para el día CINCO DE DICIEMBRE DEL DOS MIL DIECINUEVE a partir de las NUEVE HORAS CON CERO MINUTOS. (Folios 00016 al 00017)”
IV.Sobre el caso concreto. En el sub examine, la parte accionante reclama omisiones de las autoridades recurridas en la atención y solución del problema de botadero ilegal que aqueja su comunidad.
V.Con respecto al Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo (TAA). De previo a conocer este extremo y los subsiguientes, la Sala resalta que, a partir de la sentencia n.° 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa -con algunas excepciones-, aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la administración pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo -instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte- o conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en este caso, se plantea un supuesto de excepción pues, se está ante una falta de resolución de gestiones relacionadas con la protección al ambiente.
En torno al caso concreto, este Tribunal tuvo por probado que el TAA tramita el expediente administrativo n.º 123-17-03-TAA, relacionado con los hechos objeto de este amparo. Ese expediente fue abierto con ocasión de la denuncia planteada el 9 de junio de 2017 por el Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana. En el trámite de ese expediente se verificó que el TAA previno al denunciante indicar si los hechos eran nuevos (mediante resolución n.° 1066-17-TAA de las 9:37 horas de 26 de julio de 2017), lo que fue atendido por oficio recibido 16 de agosto de 2017. Luego, el 22 de mayo de 2018, la Municipalidad de Santa Ana amplió la denuncia planteada. Mediante resolución n.° 489-18-TAA de las 11:02 horas del 8 de junio de 2018, el TAA solicitó al Jefe de la Oficina Subregional de Puriscal y a la Jefa del Área Rectora de Salud sendas inspecciones in situ y el informe respectivo. En este punto, la Sala resalta que transcurrieron aproximadamente diez meses entre el cumplimiento de la prevención por parte del denunciante y la emisión de la resolución del 8 de junio de 2018, lo que constituye un plazo irrazonable para la atención diligente del expediente y conlleva la condena de este Tribunal.
A partir de ese momento, la Sala nota que el trámite del expediente se resume en órdenes de inspección y reiteración de las mismas (resoluciones n.° 1074-18-TAAde las 9:35 horas de17 de octubre de 2018, n.° 1278-2018-TAA de las 9:18 horas de 23 de noviembre de 2018, n.° 163-2019-TAA de las 8:05 horas de 31 de enero de 2019, n.° 836-2019-TAA de las 7:50 horas de 29 de mayo de 2019), notándose el transcurro de varios meses entre cada una de ellas –por ejemplo, transcurrieron casi cuatro meses entre las resoluciones n.° 163-2019-TAA de las 8:05 horas de 31 de enero de 2019 y n.° 836-2019-TAA de las 7:50 horas de 29 de mayo de 2019-, lo que significó un atraso innecesario del expediente. Finalmente, la Sala determina que el expediente administrativo aún no ha sido resuelto, a pesar de que han pasado más de dos años y medio desde la presentación de la denuncia. En mérito de lo expuesto, se declara con lugar este extremo.
VI.Atinente a la Municipalidad de Santa Ana, la Sala reconoce que ese ente ha efectuado numerosas acciones para solucionar el problema acusado por la recurrente. Entre ellas se encuentran múltiples órdenes de clausura sobre el inmueble así como actas de desobediencia: “1. Acta de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-224-2016 del 25 de abril del 2016 y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 4 de mayo del 2016 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-06-254-2016. 2. Acta de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-207-2017 del 17 de febrero del 2017 y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 28 de febrero del 2017 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-02-215-2017. 3. Acta de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-055-2018 del 20 de febrero del 2018 y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 27 de febrero del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-070-2018. 4. Acta de clausura del 16 de marzo del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-268-2018, y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 23 de marzo del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-271 -2018. 5.
Acta de clausura dl (sic) 16 de abril del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-302-2018, y Acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 31 de mayo del 2018. 6. Acta de clausura del 14 de junio del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018, y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 27 de agosto del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-540-2018. 7. Acta de clausura del 16 de agosto del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018, y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 27 de agosto del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO- 03-541 -2018. 8. Acta de clausura del 11 de octubre del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018; y acta de desobediencia a la autoridad del 17 de diciembre del 2018 MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-RIO-03-610-2018” Además, la Municipalidad procedió a denunciar la situación el 9 de junio de 2017 ante el TAA y el Área Rectora de Salud de Salud Santa Ana. Entre las actuaciones del municipio se observa que el 5 de abril de 2019 dio inicio a un procedimiento especial administrativo con base en la Ley de Construcciones en contra del propietario del inmueble donde se efectúa la actividad ilícita, debido a que carece de permisos municipales (MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-13-18 de las 8:00 horas de 5 de abril de 2019).
A pesar de que esa resolución fue notificada el mismo 5 de abril de 2019 al interesado, no se determina que el procedimiento fuera impulsado por la Municipalidad, de manera que llegara a un acto final. Por otro lado, la Sala indica a la Municipalidad recurrida que sus obligaciones constitucionales también incluyen la ejecución de actuaciones efectivas para la solución del problema, más allá de la constante emisión de órdenes de clausura y actas de desobediencia. De relevancia para este caso resulta, por ejemplo, lo dispuesto por la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos:
“ARTÍCULO 8.- Funciones de las municipalidades Las municipalidades serán responsables de la gestión integral de los residuos generados en su cantón; para ello deberán:
(…)
En el mismo sentido, se observa que la Municipalidad previno con claridad al administrado que “…conforme lo dispone la ley de construcciones, Artículo 96, si no se obtiene el permiso de construcción, y/o las obras realizadas son contrarias con la zonificación y demás normativa aplicable, podría incluso sancionársele con la orden de demolición de lo construido u otro tipo de sanción prevista en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, con el apercibimiento que si no lo hace, lo hará la municipalidad cargando el costo a la cuenta del inmueble, montos que generan intereses moratorios mensuales….” (así, por ejemplo, actas de clausura MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-MIO-03-566-2018 del 11 de octubre de 2018, MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-524-2018del 16 de agosto del 2018 y MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-VIO-03-396-2018 del 14 de junio de 2018). Empero, no se verifica que tales prevenciones se hubieran materializado de alguna forma. Así las cosas, si bien la Sala observa algún esfuerzo realizado por las autoridades municipales, no menos cierto es que el problema denunciado continúa actualmente, más de tres años después de que la Municipalidad adquiriera conocimiento de él. En consecuencia, se declara con lugar el reclamo.
VII.En relación con el Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Ana se tuvo por probado que llevó tres expedientes relacionados con el caso, con el siguiente detalle. En cuanto al expediente n.º 230-2017:“1. El día 09 de junio de 2017 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana denuncia interpuesta por el Ing. Alberto Ureña Herrera en calidad de Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana por botadero ilegal de residuos especiales de construcción contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, cédula 1-0431-0630 en calidad de propietario de la finca matricula folio real N°490058--000, ubicada en calle Chinchilla, 400 metros Este del Condominio Paseo Del Sol, sita Santa Ana, Santa Ana, mediante oficio MSA-GOT-PCA-02-042-2017, la cual se tramita bajo el consecutivo interno de denuncias N°230-2017. (Folios 00001 al 00043) 2. El día 26 de junio de 2017 al ser las 03:10 de la tarde conforme Acta de Inspección N°05-26-06-17-KVC funcionarios de esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana proceden a atender la denuncia, no obstante, debido que se encontraban realizando trabajos en el camino principal de acceso al sitio denunciado, no fue posible acceder hasta la propiedad denunciada, por lo tanto, se reprograma inspección.
(Folio 00044) 3. El día 27 de junio de 2017 al ser las 11:30 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°02-27-06-17-KVC se procede a realizar seguimiento de la denuncia, no obstante, debido que se encontraban realizando trabajos en el camino principal de acceso al sitio denunciado, no fue posible acceder hasta la propiedad denunciada, por lo tanto, se reprograma inspección. (Folio 00045) 4. El día 04 de julio de 2017 al ser las 09:05 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°02-04-07-17-KVC se procede a realizar seguimiento de la denuncia, en la propiedad denunciada atiende el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas a quien se le explica el motivo de la inspección, no obstante, indica que no va a permitir el ingreso a su propiedad. Se le explica que se deberá proceder a solicitar el respectivo allanamiento, no obstante, indica que no permitirá el acceso para realizar la inspección. (Folio 00046) 5.
El día 07 de agosto de 2017 y debido a la huelga sostenida por el Poder Judicial en dicho periodo, se logra hacer entrega del oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-1511-2017 con fecha del 07 de Julio de 2017 al Juzgado de Santa Ana, mediante el cual se hace la solicitud formal de allanamiento a la propiedad en cuestión. (Folios 00047 al 00049) 6. El día 18 de agosto de 2017 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana documento del Juzgado de Santa Ana mediante el cual se señala el día 23 de Agosto de 2017 para el allanamiento. (Folios 00050 al 00051) 7. El día 23 de agosto de 2017 conforme Acta de Inspección N°01-23-08-17-KVC se procede a realizar el allanamiento en cuestión, cuyas observaciones se encuentran debidamente documentadas en el Informe Técnico N°CS-ARS-SA-RS-352-2017 del cual se extrae "...Durante la inspección se observa que, distribuidos en toda la propiedad, así como en la sección posterior de la misma (sector Sur), existe presencia de residuos sólidos ordinarios y residuos de manejo especial, dichos residuos sólidos incluso son observables en los linderos de la Quebrada Lajas... ...Cabe aclarar que, durante la inspección no fue posible observar vertido o descarga de material en el terreno, tampoco fue posible observar residuos peligrosos inflamables como se indica en la denuncia..." en vista de lo anterior se recomienda girar los actos administrativos al propietario registral de la finca matricula folio real N°490058--000 (Folios 00052 al 00055) 8.
El día 29 de agosto de 2017 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-1785-2017 se procede a informarle al señor Alberto Ureña Herrera sobre lo acontecido con su denuncia (Folios 00056 al 00057) 9. El día 31 de Agosto de 2017 se procede a notificar Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017 al señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, portador del documento de identidad N° 1-0431-0630, en calidad de propietario registral de la finca matricula folio real N°490058--000, mediante la cual se le ordena "en un plazo de 20 días hábiles debe llevar a cabo las obras de rigor correspondiente a la limpieza y eliminación de todos los residuos ordinarios y de manejo especial almacenados a la intemperie que puedan acumular agua. Los mismos deben ser dispuestos de manera adecuada a fin de evitar la afectación al ambiente. Debe de mantener la propiedad en adecuadas condiciones de orden y limpieza evitando que se convierta en fuente de infección, foco de contaminación ambiental, o en criadero y/o albergue de fauna nociva.
Se prohíbe la acumulación de residuos ordinarios y de manejo especial en lugares no autorizados para tal fin, todo lo anterior de acuerdo a lo establecido en los Artículos 37, 39, 164, 262, 263, 279, 283, 318, 319, 325, 340, 341, 355, 356 y 357 de la Ley General de Salud 5395 del 30 de octubre de 1973, Artículo 50 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, todo lo anterior en aras de proteger la salud pública y el ambiente" (Folios 00058 al 00060) 10. El día 08 de octubre de 2017 al ser las 10:15 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°01-09-10-17-KVC se procede a realizar la verificación de cumplimiento de la Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-097-2017, lo cual se encuentra debidamente documentada en el Informe Técnico N°CS-ARSSA- RS-447-2017. Durante dicha inspección se corrobora incumplimiento de lo ordenado en dicho acto administrativo, por lo tanto, se recomienda proceder con la denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad, según fue apercibido en la misma.
(Folios 00061 al 00062) 11. EI día 17 de octubre de 2017 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-2194-2017 se le informa al señor Alberto Ureña Herrera en calidad de Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana lo acontecido con su denuncia. (Folios 00063 al 00064) 12. El día 25 de Octubre de 2017 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-2193-2017 se procede a interponer denuncia ante el Ministerio Público, Fiscalía de Pavas contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad. (Folios 00065 al 00068) 13. El día 08 de marzo de 2018 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana oficio del Juzgado Contravencional y de Menor Cuantía de Santa Ana correspondiente al expediente N°17-000242-1725-FC, mediante el cual se indica "habiéndose realizado la diligencia solicitada por el Ministerio de Salud, y no existiendo ningún trámite pendiente, se ordena el archivo de la presente causa" lo anterior corresponde a la solicitud de allanamiento ejecutada para poder dar atención a la denuncia en cuestión.
(Folios 00069 al 00070) 14. El día 28 de agosto de 2018 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico solicitud del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, Expediente N°123-17-03-TAA, Resolución N°489-18-TAA correspondiente a la denuncia interpuesta por el Ing. Alberto Ureña Herrera, Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana mediante oficio MSA-GOTPCA- 02-042-2017 atendida en tiempo y forma por esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana. (Folios 00071 al 00074) 15. El día 06 de setiembre de 2018 mediante oficio CS-ARS-SA-1622-2019 se da respuesta a lo solicitado por el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, indicándosele el actuar de esta Área Rectora de Salud en caso de cita. (Folios 00075 al 00078) 16. El día 21 de febrero de 2019 el Ing. Alberto Ureña Herrera. Contralor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana solicita copia de la denuncia N°230-2019, la cual se entrega vía correo electrónico.
(Folios 00079 al 00080) 17. El día 23 de abril de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico solicitud de la Fiscalía de Pavas de las copias certificadas de la documentación ofrecida por el Dr. Dagoberto Trejos Azofeifa en la causa 17-001205-0283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. (Folio 00081) 18. EI día 24 de abril de 2019 se presenta ante la Fiscalia de Pavas las copias certificadas mediante consecutivo CS-ARS-SA-0980-2019. (Folio 00082) 19. EI día 22 de agosto de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico solicitud de la Fiscalía de Pavas a efecto de que "dentro de tres días manifieste por escrito si pretende constituirse en querellante, y si así lo comunicare a este despacho deberá presentar la querella dentro de los diez días siguientes al vencimiento del plazo anterior", el día en cuestión mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1898-2019 se da respuesta oportuna indicándose que "este Ministerio de Salud no desea presentar la Querella, se solicita continuar con la representación legal mediante la Procuraduría General de la República, representante legal del Estado en materias propias de su competencia".
(Folios 00083 al 00085). (…)22. El día 23 de setiembre de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico oficio del Juzgado Penal de Pavas sobre AUDIENCIA PRELIMINAR, causa 17-1205-283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, para el día CINCO DE DICIEMBRE DEL DOS MIL DIECINUEVE a partir de las NUEVE HORAS CON CERO MINUTOS. (Folios 00094 al 00095)”
En el expediente n.º 097-2019, que es de seguimiento del caso, se detallaron las siguientes actuaciones:
“1. El día 29 de marzo de 2019 al ser las 10:03 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°01-29-03-1 9-JQV se procede a dar seguimiento a denuncia; en la propiedad denunciada atiende el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas a quien se le explica el motivo de la inspección, este permite el ingreso a su propiedad, tal y como se detalla en el Informe Técnico N°CS-ARS-SA-RS-093-2019 (Folio 00001 y folios 00005 al 00008). 2. El día 04 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-0876-2019 se procede a informarle al señor Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director Región Central Sur del Ministerio de Salud, sobre lo acontecido con el seguimiento de la denuncia (Folios 00002 al 00004) 3. El día 10 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio N° CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019, se realiza traslado de denuncia a la Municipalidad de Santa Ana con el fin de que intervengan en la resolución de la problemática ambiental denunciada de acuerdo a sus competencias legales y administrativas "en apego a lo establecido en el articulo 8 inciso f) de la Ley para la Gestión Integral de Residuos N°8839 mediante el cual se establece que es función de las Municipalidades: Prevenir y eliminar los vertederos en el cantón y el acopio no autorizado de residuos".
Dicha notificación se realiza el día 23 de abril de 2019 (Folios 00009 al 00010 y folio 00016). 4. El día 10 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio No CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019, se realiza traslado de denuncia a la Contraloría Ambiental del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía con el fin de que intervengan en la resolución de la problemática ambiental denunciada de acuerdo con sus competencias legales y administrativas "en apego a lo establecido en el artículo 33 de la Ley Forestal N°7575. Dicha notificación se realiza el día 23 de abril de 2019 (Folios 00011 al 00012 y folio 00019). 5. El día 12 de abril de 2019 se procede a notificar nuevamente una Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019 al señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, portador del documento de identidad Nº 1-0431-0630, en calidad de propietario registral de la finca matricula folio real N°490058---000, mediante la cual se le ordena realizar la limpieza de la propiedad en cuestión y mantenerla en adecuadas condiciones de higiene.
(Folios 00013 al 00015). 6. El día 22 de abril de 2019 mediante oficio N°CS-ARS-SA-0966-2019 se procede a informarle al señor Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director Región Central Sur del Ministerio de Salud, sobre el seguimiento a la denuncia. (Folios 00017 al 00018 y 00020) 7. El día 04 de junio de 2019 al ser las 11:45 de la mañana conforme Acta de Inspección N°05-04-06-19-JQV se procede a realizar la verificación de cumplimiento de la Orden Sanitaria N°CS-ARS-SA-OS-079-2019, lo cual se encuentra debidamente documentado en el Informe Técnico N°MSDRRSCS- ARSSA-IT-172-2019. Durante dicha inspección se corrobora incumplimiento de lo ordenado en dicho acto administrativo, por lo tanto, se recomienda proceder con la denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad, según fue apercibido en la misma. (Folios 00022 al 00026). 8. El día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1314-2019 se procede a interponer nueva denuncia ante el Ministerio Público, Fiscalía de Pavas contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas por el delito de desobediencia a la autoridad (Folios 00027 al 00031) 9.
El día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 y ante la falta de respuesta, se procede a dar seguimiento ante la Contraloría Ambiental, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía del traslado de denuncia realizada mediante oficio CS-ARS-SA-0961-2019 el día 23 de abril de 2019. Dicha notificación se realiza el día 10 de junio de 2019 (Folio 00032 y folios 00042 al 00043) 10. EI día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1305-2019 y ante la falta de respuesta, se procede a dar seguimiento ante la Municipalidad de Santa Ana del traslado de denuncia realizada mediante oficio CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 el dia 23 de abril de 2019. Dicha notificación se realiza el día 14 de junio de 2019 (Folio 00033 y folio 00054) 11. EI día 06 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 se procede a informar al Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo, Director Región Central Sur del Ministerio de Salud, sobre el seguimiento a la denuncia.
Dicha notificación se realiza el día 10 de junio de 2019 (Folios 00034 al 00035 y folio 00041) 12. El día 07 de junio de 2019 se procede a notificar denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad ante el Ministerio Público, Fiscalía de Pavas contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas (Folios 00036 al 00040) 13. El día 10 de junio de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana acuse de recibido del Dr. Guillermo Flores Galindo sobre oficio MSDRRSCS-ARSSA-1315-2019 (Folios 00044 al 00045) 14. El día 10 de junio de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana oficio CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 de la Contraloría Ambiental mediante el cual hace acuse de recibido de oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1313-2019 y expone que el puesto de Contralor del Ambiente "es un fiscalizador no podría atender y resolver directamente las denuncias que se le presenten, sino que, dependiendo del caso, debe remitirlas a los órganos competentes para que sean éstos los que, en el marco de sus competencias, ejecuten las acciones necesarias para remediar, impedir o detener la situación denunciada", asimismo, solicita en un plazo de 10 días un informe de lo actuado.
(Folios 00046 al 00049) 15. El día 14 de junio de 2019 mediante oficio NIS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1365- 2019 se da respuesta a lo solicitado por la Contraloría Ambiental mediante oficio CS-2019-65-SITADA-15519 (Folios 00050 al 00053) 16. El día 26 de junio de 2019 se recibe ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana oficio MS-ALC-04-408-19 suscrito por el alcalde de la Municipalidad de Santa Ana mediante el cual hace acuse de recibido al oficio CS-ARS-SA-0960-2019 notificado el 23 de abril de 2019, concluyendo que el caso se encuentra en un proceso de investigación por el Tribunal Ambiental. (Folios 00055 al 00056) (…) 19. EI día 23 de setiembre de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico oficio del Juzgado Penal de Pavas sobre AUDIENCIA PRELIMINAR, causa 17-1205-283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, para el día CINCO DE DICIEMBRE DEL DOS MIL DIECINUEVE a partir de las NUEVE HORAS CON CERO MINUTOS.” Finalmente, en el expediente n.º 151-2019 constan las siguientes actuaciones:
“1. El día 22 de mayo de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana denuncia interpuesta por la señora Marja Schans por acumulación de residuos sólidos, relleno, quemas, entre otros contra elseñor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas. (Folios 00001 al 00003) 2. El día 04 de junio de 2019 mediante acta de inspección N°03-04-06-19-KVC funcionarios de esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana, proceden a realizar inspección en el sitio, constatándose que el caso denunciado se encuentra abierto y en seguimiento por esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana habiéndose emitido dos actos administrativos previos, así como las respectivas denuncias por el delito de desobediencia ante el Ministerio Público y traslados de denuncia ante MINAET y Municipalidad de Santa Ana. (Folio 00004) 3. El día 03 de julio de 2019 mediante oficio MS-DRRSCS-ARSSA-1478-2019 se le informa a la denunciante lo actuado por denuncia previa interpuesta contra el señor Miguel Ángel Orozco Rojas, asimismo, se le solicita aclarar la dirección de su vivienda así como el horario de afectación en caso de argumentar problemas por ruido.
(Folios 00005 al 00007) 4.(…) 20. El día 23 de setiembre de 2019 ingresa ante esta Área Rectora de Salud Santa Ana vía correo electrónico oficio del Juzgado Penal de Pavas sobre AUDIENCIA PRELIMINAR, causa 17-1205-283-PE por el delito de DESOBEDIENCIA contra MIGUEL ANGEL OROZCO ROJAS, para el día CINCO DE DICIEMBRE DEL DOS MIL DIECINUEVE a partir de las NUEVE HORAS CON CERO MINUTOS. (Folios 00016 al 00017)” Esta exposición de hechos permite a la Sala concluir que el Área Rectora de Salud de Santa Ana ha dado seguimiento a la denuncia y procurado el cumplimiento de las órdenes sanitarias que ha girado, al punto de que llevar a estrados judiciales su incumplimiento. De ahí que se le exima de responsabilidad y se desestime el recurso en su contra.
VIII.Se desestima el recurso en cuanto al Ministerio Público y el Contralor Ambiental del MINAE, toda vez que no se evidencia una actuación u omisión que les sea imputable, relacionada con este caso.
En asuntos ambientales, es también criterio del suscrito, de que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, considero que su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente acusa una serie de omisiones de las autoridades recurridas en la atención y solución del problema de botadero ilegal que aqueja su comunidad, con violación del derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
X.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, en contra del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y la Municipalidad de Santa Ana. Se ordena a Maricé Navarro Montoya, en su condición de Presidenta del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, o a quien en su lugar ejerza ese cargo, que realice las actuaciones necesarias para que se resuelva el expediente n.º 123-17-03-TAA como en derecho corresponda y se notifique lo resuelto a las partes de ese expediente, todo en un plazo no mayor a DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se ordena a Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza, en su condición de Alcalde de Santa Ana, o a quien en su lugar ejerza ese cargo, que realice las actuaciones necesarias para que se resuelva el expediente n.º PEALC-MSA-GOT-PPU-UCU-03-013-18 como en derecho corresponda y se notifique lo resuelto a las partes de ese expediente, todo en un plazo no mayor a DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia; además, se le ordena a él o a quien ejerza su cargo que elimine el vertedero ilegal, objeto de este proceso, en un plazo no mayor a SEIS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia.
Lo anterior bajo la advertencia que, de no acatar la orden dicha, incurrirá en el delito de desobediencia y que, de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de esta jurisdicción, se le impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado y a la Municipalidad de Santa Ana al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota. Notifíquese esta resolución a Maricé Navarro Montoya y Gerardo Oviedo Espinoza, por su orden Presidenta del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y Alcalde de Santa Ana, o a quien en su lugar ejerza ese cargo, en forma personal.
Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ana María Picado B.
*UOOIZBP5MMC61* Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
Document not found. Documento no encontrado.