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Res. 09940-2015 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 03/07/2015
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber ordered the Municipality of Santo Domingo and the Ministry of Health to coordinate their respective powers and definitively resolve the stormwater and wastewater problems at Santa Rosa de Lima within a non-extendable one-year period.La Sala ordenó a la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo y al Ministerio de Salud coordinar sus competencias y solucionar definitivamente, en el plazo improrrogable de un año, los problemas de aguas pluviales y servidas del Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber granted an amparo filed by a resident of Santa Rosa de Lima, where illegal connections and defective systems allowed sewage and household wastewater to enter the stormwater drainage system. It held that the Municipality of Santo Domingo had failed to supervise urban development and ensure adequate wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal infrastructure. Although the local Ministry of Health office had processed complaints, conducted inspections, and issued sanitary orders since 2008, it had neither secured an effective solution nor sufficiently required the municipality to assume its share of responsibility. The Chamber emphasized that coordination among public bodies is an implicit constitutional principle intended to prevent omissions and duplication of administrative functions. It therefore ordered the mayor’s office and the Ministry of Health to act jointly, within their respective powers, and definitively resolve the stormwater and wastewater problems within a non-extendable one-year period. The State and the municipality were also ordered to pay costs and resulting damages.La Sala Constitucional declaró con lugar el amparo presentado por una vecina del Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, donde conexiones clandestinas y sistemas defectuosos permitían descargar aguas negras o servidas en el alcantarillado pluvial. Determinó que la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo incumplió su deber de fiscalizar el desarrollo urbano y procurar sistemas adecuados de recolección, tratamiento y disposición de aguas residuales. Aunque el Área Rectora de Salud había tramitado denuncias, efectuado inspecciones y emitido órdenes sanitarias desde 2008, tampoco logró impulsar una solución efectiva ni exigir suficientemente la responsabilidad municipal. La Sala destacó que la coordinación entre entidades públicas es un principio constitucional implícito destinado a evitar omisiones y duplicidades. En consecuencia, ordenó a la Alcaldía y al Ministerio de Salud actuar coordinadamente, dentro de sus respectivas competencias, para solucionar definitivamente los problemas de aguas pluviales y servidas en un plazo improrrogable de un año. También condenó al Estado y a la Municipalidad al pago de costas, daños y perjuicios.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Accordingly, this Court concludes that stormwater and wastewater problems do exist in the Santa Rosa de Lima Residential Development; therefore, both the respondent municipality and the Ministry of Health must coordinate with one another and take the actions necessary to provide an effective solution to that problem. In any event, the property owners in that residential development, including the petitioner, must comply with the sanitary orders issued by the Ministry of Health. The amparo is granted. Laura Prado Chacón and María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, respectively Mayor of Santo Domingo de Heredia and Director of the Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area, or whoever may hold those offices, are ordered to act in coordination and take the actions falling within their respective powers to provide a definitive solution to the stormwater and wastewater problems in the Santa Rosa de Lima Residential Development, within a non-extendable period of one year from notice of this judgment.De esta manera, este Tribunal concluye que sí existen problemas de aguas pluviales y servidas en el Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, razón por la que tanto la Municipalidad accionada como el Ministerio de Salud, deberán coordinar entre sí y ejercer las acciones necesarias para darle una solución efectiva a dicha problemática. En todo caso, los dueños de las propiedades en el Residencial citado, incluyendo la recurrente, deben cumplir las órdenes sanitarias giradas por el Ministerio de Salud. Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Laura Prado Chacón y a María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, por su orden, Alcaldesa de Santo Domingo de Heredia y Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia, o a quienes en sus lugares ejerzan los cargos, realizar de forma coordinada las acciones que se encuentren dentro del ámbito de sus competencias para darle una solución definitiva al problemas de aguas pluviales y servidas del Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, en el improrrogable plazo de un año, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Corresponde a las municipalidades la administración de los intereses y servicios locales en cada cantón, de conformidad a lo dispuesto por el citado artículo 169 de la Constitución Política."
"Under Article 169 of the Constitution, municipalities are responsible for administering the local interests and services of each canton."
Considerando III
"Corresponde a las municipalidades la administración de los intereses y servicios locales en cada cantón, de conformidad a lo dispuesto por el citado artículo 169 de la Constitución Política."
Considerando III
"La coordinación, en cuanto asegura la eficiencia y eficacia administrativas, es un principio constitucional virtual o implícito que permea el entero ordenamiento jurídico administrativo y obliga a todos los entes públicos."
"Coordination, insofar as it ensures administrative efficiency and effectiveness, is a virtual or implicit constitutional principle that permeates the entire body of administrative law and binds all public entities."
Considerando III
"La coordinación, en cuanto asegura la eficiencia y eficacia administrativas, es un principio constitucional virtual o implícito que permea el entero ordenamiento jurídico administrativo y obliga a todos los entes públicos."
Considerando III
"La coordinación administrativa tiene por propósito evitar las duplicidades y omisiones en el ejercicio de las funciones administrativas de cada ente público, esto es, que sean desempeñadas de forma racional y ordenada."
"Administrative coordination seeks to prevent duplication and omissions in the exercise of each public entity’s administrative functions, so that those functions are performed rationally and in an orderly manner."
Considerando III
"La coordinación administrativa tiene por propósito evitar las duplicidades y omisiones en el ejercicio de las funciones administrativas de cada ente público, esto es, que sean desempeñadas de forma racional y ordenada."
Considerando III
"Esto, por cuanto, se encuentran en juego otros derechos de los vecinos de la fuente contaminante, tales como la salud y a gozar de un nivel digno de calidad de vida."
"This is because other rights of those living near the pollution source are at stake, including health and the enjoyment of a dignified quality of life."
Nota del Magistrado Jinesta Lobo
"Esto, por cuanto, se encuentran en juego otros derechos de los vecinos de la fuente contaminante, tales como la salud y a gozar de un nivel digno de calidad de vida."
Nota del Magistrado Jinesta Lobo
Full documentDocumento completo
*150081090007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine twenty a.m. on tres de julio de dos mil quince.
Amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo) filed by Ana Mayela Fonseca Álvarez, of legal age, resident of Santa Rosa de Santo Domingo de Heredia, against the Mayor and the President of the Council, both of the Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia, and the Director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia.
Whereas:
María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, in her capacity as director of the Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area (document filed at 16:23 hrs. on 16 de junio del 2015), states that in 2008, B.A. Natalia Jojart, the environmental manager of that Area Directorate at the time, informed her of a visit conducted on 9 de julio del 2008, together with personnel from the cantonal Municipality, due to a complaint filed with that entity alleging the discharge of sewage into the storm sewer system (alcantarillado pluvial) in Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima. She states that during the inspection, the official confirmed the problem of discharge into the sanitary sewer connection stub (prevista del alcantarillado sanitario), and a fluorescein test (prueba de fluoresceína) was conducted at dwelling No. 120, yielding a positive result for the discharge of wastewater (aguas residuales) from the laundry sink; it was also found that the drain was located under a roof.
She notes that, given the situation, health order (orden sanitaria) No. 117-2008 was issued to the owner of the dwelling so that the property’s domestic wastewater (aguas servidas) would be disposed of properly, Official Letter No. RCN-ARS-SD-JN-1111-2008. She states that on 5 de noviembre del 2008, B.A. Jojart issued the technical report concerning compliance with the cited health order. She also indicated that the development’s problem was serious because some of the dwellings had illegal connections through which domestic wastewater was discharged into the sewer connection stub without any wastewater treatment system, meaning that it would flow into the storm sewer system, a situation known to the Municipality. She adds that on that occasion she requested that an official letter be sent to the Mayor’s Office so that a joint assessment could be conducted; this was Official Letter No. RCN-ARS-SD-IN-1755-2008.
She mentions that, through Official Letter No. RCN-ARSSD-D-1781-2008, the matter was referred to Prof. Raúl Isidro Bolaños Arce, mayor, so that it could be addressed in a coordinated manner, since the Municipality is responsible for reviewing, granting, and monitoring building permits in the canton. She states that no response to the request was received on that occasion. She recounts that on 18 de marzo del 2009, complaint No. 024-2009, filed by Ms. Isabel Vega regarding sewage flowing through a storm drain, was received, and on 2 de abril of the same year, complaint No. 032-2009 was received, in which Ms. Ana Mayela Fonseca Álvarez alleged the same situation, worsened by rainfall, as she reported. She states that on 17 de abril del 2009, B.A. Jojart issued a report on the background and the actions taken in coordination with municipal personnel, and noted that on 16 de abril del 2009 she spoke with Eng.
Armando Campos of the Municipality’s Department of Public Works and Services, who informed her that the development would be under the responsibility of the local government and further requested that she send another written communication so that the appropriate actions could be taken, as indicated in the previous documents. She notes that this was done through Official Letter No. RCN-ARSSD-IT-JN-355-2009. She asserts that on I9 de junio del 2009, a new request was sent to the mayor for joint intervention at Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima, through Official Letter No. RCN-ARSSD-44-2019. In this regard, she explains that a response was received through Official Letter No. DSOT-033-09, signed by Eng. Carlos Guillén Ruiz, Director of Services and Land-Use Planning, who stated that the Ministry of Health should conduct the assessments to determine who was illegally connected and proceed to issue the corresponding administrative acts (actos administrativos), downplaying the Municipality’s capacity to act by claiming that its action would be slower and carry less weight than the measures taken by that office.
She states that no response was sent to this official letter and that it was forwarded to B.A. Jojart for her information. She states that on 4 de noviembre del 2009, Ms. Vega filed another complaint identifying possible dwellings from which sewage was being discharged into the stormwater system, complaint No. 141-2009. She reports that on 19 de enero del 2010, the Regional Directorate forwarded the complaint filed with the office of the Minister concerning the previously raised problem; the documentation was sent to B.A. Jojart pursuant to Official Letters No. DRRS-DR-CN-086·2010 and No. DM-0021-2010. She states that on 19 de mayo del 2010, a new report was issued concerning an inspection conducted at Urb. Santa Rosa de Lima by B.A. Luis Diego Rubí of the Municipality’s Environmental Management Office, together with B.A. Jojart, regarding the inspection visit to the property of Ms. Rebeca Solís (house No. 2) due to an alleged illegal connection discharging domestic wastewater into the storm sewer system; in this case, the illegal domestic-wastewater connection was confirmed, and the owner herself acknowledged that the construction company had installed the illegal connections.
She notes that, as a result of that visit, health order No. 110-2010 was served on Ms. Solis so that the domestic wastewater would be disposed of properly. She comments that in mayo del 2010, B.A. Jojart issued a technical report in response to complaint No. 141-2009, describing the visits she had made to the site since 11 de diciembre of the previous year; it was not until 15 de febrero that she managed to contact one of the persons reported in order to conduct the fluorescein test, but the connection could not be established because no liquid flowed out (Official Letter No. RCN-ARSSD-1T-JN-714-20104). She asserts that the report also mentioned the placement of a concrete cover over the location of the storm drain and the existence of a pipe inside the main pipe carrying wastewater into the storm sewer system; the visit was conducted with municipal personnel. She explains that it is important to note that throughout this period, B.A.
Jojart was the only Environmental Management official available to this Health Governing Area and that, moreover, she ceased working for the institution as of 1 de julio del 2010. She details that on 23 de febrero del 2013, the Health Governing Area received complaint No. 023-2013 concerning the improper discharge of sewage from dwelling No. 27 in Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima, a complaint filed anonymously with the General Directorate of Health. She states that on 26 de febrero del 2013, Licda. Pamela Garita Ramírez, environmental manager, visited the site and observed foul-smelling water flowing from beneath the garage floor of house No. 27; on that occasion she was unable to enter the dwelling to conduct the fluorescein test. She notes that dwelling No. 32 was also visited, but no one attended to the official there either (Official Letter No. CN-ARSSD-IT-PGR-261-2013).
She notes that on 6 de marzo del 2013, an inspection was conducted, and a problem with the operation of the wastewater treatment system (sistema de tratamiento de las aguas residuales)—septic tank and drains—was identified at dwelling No. 27; health order No. ARSSD-12-2013 was therefore issued to Ms. Diana Garro, as owner of the dwelling, so that she would correct the identified situation. She states that house No. 32 was visited, but no one was present (Official Letter No. CN-ARSSD-IT-PGR-314-2013 and health order). She adds that on 10 de abril del 2013, a follow-up report regarding the aforementioned health order was issued, indicating that work was being performed at the site, and on 8 de mayo del 2013, compliance with the health order was verified, as recorded in the corresponding compliance certificate (Official Letter No. CN-ARSSD-IT-PGR-466-2013 and certificate). She mentions that on 7 de julio del 2014, complaint No.108-2014, filed by Ms.
Karina Gómez Sánchez concerning sewage-disposal problems at dwelling No. 87 in Urbanización Rosa de Lima, was received. She states that the complaint was addressed on 3 de septiembre del 2014, and problems were detected in the operation of the wastewater treatment system—septic tank and drains—so health order No. ARSSD-080-2014 was issued to Ms. Paola Salas Alvarado so that she would correct the deficiencies found. She notes that Ms. Salas requested an extension in order to comply with the health order and was granted 22 calendar days, which ended on 01 de octubre del 2014. She recounts that on 28 de octubre del 2014, compliance with the order was confirmed (health-order compliance certificate). She states that the Directorate is aware that the problem reported since 2008 has not been properly managed, despite the efforts made, because it has repeatedly sought coordinated management of the situation with the cantonal Municipality, particularly since the Municipality was responsible for granting the development’s building permit and monitoring compliance with the requirements set forth therein.
She states that it was also indicated at one point that the Municipality could seal the illegal connections without needing to demonstrate the source of the wastewater, since those connections were illegal and violated the regulations in force; however, this was never accomplished, and instead all responsibility was transferred to that institution, although this case is difficult to manage because of the number of dwellings in the development. She mentions that its capacity to intervene is affected by the number of personnel available and the time required to conduct the dye tests (pruebas de coloración), which must be performed house by house; depending on the connection system, one 6 two would have to be conducted per week, without taking into account whether the owner is at home, whether entry is permitted to conduct the test, or the administrative act and follow-up that it entails, which requires another dye test.
Lastly, she argues that it is important to note that, because of complaints of this type, as well as complaints regarding the improper disposal of domestic wastewater throughout the rest of the canton—which account for almost 40% of all complaints received annually—that Area Directorate has been promoting the cantonal sanitary sewer project, whether by having the cantonal Municipality join the regional sanitary sewer project being developed by Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia, which already includes the cantons of Heredia, San Pablo, San Isidro, and San Rafael, or by having the Municipality itself construct and operate it, although the latter possibility is more remote in the opinion of the undersigned. She notes that the improper disposal of wastewater, whether sewage or domestic wastewater (from laundry sinks, bathrooms, kitchens, and other sources), or gray water (aguas grises), has become a major environmental problem with nationwide impact; she therefore considers that a policy decision is needed to promote the provision of systems that properly manage wastewater and minimize its impact on the environment and human health.
She requests that the appeal (recurso) be dismissed because that Health Governing Area has taken measures aimed at addressing the problem at the site; nevertheless, despite its attempts to coordinate and respond to the complaints, the problem at the site requires studies coordinated with the local government, which ultimately grants building permits for residential development projects and is responsible for sewer systems.
Justice Castillo Víquez delivers the opinion; and,
Whereas:
I.Subject matter of the proceeding. The petitioner alleges that Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, located in Santo Domingo de Heredia, lacks a sewerage service for the disposal of wastewater (aguas residuales) (sewage), and that each resident must instead build a septic tank (tanque séptico) for the collection and disposal of waste. She states, however, that several residents discharge their fecal waste into the connection provided for a future service; because that service is not yet operational, the waste accumulates in the sewer system, causing severe pollution. She indicates that the respondent authorities are fully aware of the foregoing but have not provided any solution.
II.Proven facts. The following facts are deemed duly established and relevant to the decision in this matter, either because they have been substantiated or because the respondents failed to address them as ordered in the initial ruling:
a. Since 2008, the Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area has received and processed complaints concerning the discharge of sewage (aguas negras) into the storm sewer system (alcantarillado pluvial) in Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima. It received one complaint in 2008, three complaints in 2009, and one complaint in each of 2013 and 2014 (report of the respondent health authority and supporting documentation).
b. The Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area has taken steps to address the problem at the site; however, because the matter requires studies coordinated with the local government, it has sought action from that government without obtaining positive results (report of the respondent health authority and supporting documentation).
III.Merits. Pursuant to the aforementioned Article 169 of the Political Constitution, municipalities are responsible for administering local interests and services in each canton. This entails municipal authority to plan and oversee urban development within their jurisdictions, including the duty to establish a comprehensive urban-planning policy that ensures urban development consistent with the efficient operation of a system for supplying drinking water and for collecting, treating, and finally disposing of wastewater, as well as the obligation to adopt the measures required to provide the canton with adequate sanitary and storm sewer systems (alcantarillado sanitario y pluvial), thereby safeguarding its inhabitants’ rights to health and to an environment free of pollution (see, in this regard, judgments No. 2009-000908 at 13:34 hrs. on 23 de enero del 2009 and No. 2009-003368 at 12:40 hrs. on 27 de febrero del 2009, among others).
Accordingly, this Chamber concludes that, despite its legal obligation, the respondent Municipality has failed to fulfill its duty to supervise the construction of Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima, resulting in problems involving not only stormwater but also sewage or wastewater. As to the Ministerio de Salud, although the Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area has addressed, processed, and resolved the complaints filed by affected residents since 2008, it has not acted decisively to secure a solution to a situation that it acknowledges persists and remains unresolved, nor has it required the municipal government to assume its share of responsibility for facts of which it has been fully aware for several years. Indeed, this Court has recognized coordination among all public entities and bodies in exercising their powers and providing the services assigned to them by the legal system as one of the governing principles of administrative organization.
Because it ensures administrative efficiency and effectiveness, coordination is a virtual or implicit constitutional principle that permeates the entire body of administrative law and binds all public entities. Coordination may be inter-organizational (interorgánica)—among the various bodies comprising a public entity that are not subject to a hierarchical relationship—or inter-entity (intersubjetiva)—that is, among public entities, each having legal personality, its own budget, autonomy, and specific powers. The purpose of administrative coordination is to prevent duplication and omissions in the performance of each public entity’s administrative functions, thereby ensuring that those functions are carried out rationally and systematically (see, in this regard, judgment No. 2007-015218 at 12:00 hrs. on 19 de octubre del 2007, among others). This Court therefore concludes that stormwater and sewage problems do exist in Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima.
Consequently, both the respondent Municipality and the Ministerio de Salud must coordinate with one another and take the actions necessary to provide an effective solution to those problems. In any event, the owners of properties in the aforementioned Residencial, including the petitioner, must comply with the health orders issued by the Ministerio de Salud.
The undersigned Justice clarifies that, although he refers environmental matters involving administrative action of any kind to the administrative litigation jurisdiction (jurisdicción contencioso administrativa), he will not do so in cases involving complaints alleging pollution caused by the improper disposal and treatment of sewage that also affects the occupants of several homes—as in the present case. This is because other rights of residents living near the source of pollution are at stake, including the rights to health and to enjoy a decent quality of life.
Por tanto:
The proceeding is granted. Laura Prado Chacón and María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, in their respective capacities as Mayor of Santo Domingo de Heredia and Director of the Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area, or whoever may hold those offices in their stead, are ordered to coordinate in taking such actions as fall within the scope of their respective powers in order to provide a definitive solution to the stormwater and sewage problems at Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, within the non-extendable period of one year from notification of this judgment. The respondent authorities are advised that, pursuant to Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, any person who receives an order issued in an amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo) that the person is required to comply with or enforce, and who fails to comply with or enforce it, shall be punished by imprisonment for three months to two years or by a fine of twenty to sixty days, provided that the offense is not subject to a more severe penalty.
The State and the Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia are ordered to pay the costs and the damages and losses caused by the facts underlying this ruling, which shall be assessed during enforcement of the judgment before the administrative litigation jurisdiction. This decision shall be served personally upon Laura Prado Chacón and María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, in their respective capacities as Mayor of Santo Domingo de Heredia and Director of the Santo Domingo de Heredia Health Governing Area, or upon whoever may hold those offices in their stead. Justice Jinesta Lobo files a note.- Gilbert Armijo S.
Presiding Justice Ernesto Jinesta L.
Fernando Cruz C.
Fernando Castillo V.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
Enrique Ulate C.
Alicia Salas T.
*150081090007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del tres de julio de dos mil quince .
Recurso de amparo interpuesto por Ana Mayela Fonseca Álvarez, mayor, vecina de Santa Rosa de Santo Domingo de Heredia, contra la Alcaldesa y el Presidente del Concejo, ambos de la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia y la Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Castillo Víquez; y,
Considerando:
I.Objeto del recurso. La recurrente alega que en el Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, sito en Santo Domingo de Heredia, no se cuenta con el servicio de alcantarillado para la disposición de aguas residuales (negras), sino que cada vecino debe construir un tanque séptico para la recolección y disposición de los desechos. Dice que, sin embargo; varios vecinos depositan sus desechos fecales en la prevista construida para un futuro servicio, y al no estar en funcionamiento aún, dichos desechos se van acumulando en el alcantarillado generando una gran contaminación. Señala que lo anterior es de pleno conocimiento de las autoridades recurridas, quienes no les han brindado solución alguna.
II.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque los recurridos hayan omitido referirse a ellos según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
a. Desde el año 2008 el Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia ha estado recibiendo y tramitando denuncias por el vertido de aguas negras al alcantarillado pluvial en la Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima. Siendo que en el año 2008 recibió una denuncia, en el año 2009 recibió tres denuncias, mientras en el 2013 y 2014 recibió una cada año (informe de la autoridad sanitaria recurrida y documentación aportada).
b. El Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia ha realizado acciones tendientes a atender la problemática existente en el sitio, pero debido a que ésta requiere estudios coordinados con el gobierno local, ha gestionado ante éste sin resultados positivos (informe de la autoridad sanitaria recurrida y documentación aportada).
III.Sobre el fondo. Corresponde a las municipalidades la administración de los intereses y servicios locales en cada cantón, de conformidad a lo dispuesto por el citado artículo 169 de la Constitución Política. De lo que deriva la competencia de las municipalidades para planificar y vigilar el desarrollo urbano de su localidad, lo que incluye el deber de establecer una política integral de planeamiento urbano, que garantice un desarrollo urbano en congruencia con el funcionamiento eficiente de un sistema de provisión de agua potable y de recolección, tratamiento y disposición final de las aguas residuales, así como la obligación de adoptar las medidas requeridas para proveer al cantón de un adecuado sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y pluvial, a fin de garantizar a sus habitantes el derecho a la salud y a un ambiente libre de contaminación (véanse, al efecto, sentencias No. 2009-000908 de las 13:34 hrs. del 23 de enero del 2009 y No. 2009-003368 de las 12:40 hrs. del 27 de febrero del 2009, entre otras).
De este modo, concluye esta Sala que a pesar de la obligación legal, la Municipalidad accionada no ha cumplido con su deber de fiscalización de la construcción de la Urbanización Santa Rosa de Lima, de ahí que haya problemática no solo en cuanto a las aguas pluviales, sino también respecto de las negras o servidas. Sobre el caso del Ministerio de Salud, se comprueba que si bien el Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia ha atendido, tramitado y resuelto las denuncias que desde el año 2008 han sido presentadas por los vecinos afectados, no ha sido determinante en procurar la solución a una situación que se acepta aún persiste y que no ha sido solucionada, ni tampoco en exigirle al ayuntamiento su cuota de responsabilidad en los hechos que son de su pleno conocimiento desde hace varios años. Precisamente, este Tribunal ha reconocido que uno de los principios rectores de la organización administrativa lo constituye la coordinación que debe mediar entre todos los entes y órganos públicos al ejercer sus competencias y prestar los servicios que el ordenamiento jurídico les ha asignado.
La coordinación, en cuanto asegura la eficiencia y eficacia administrativas, es un principio constitucional virtual o implícito que permea el entero ordenamiento jurídico administrativo y obliga a todos los entes públicos. La coordinación puede ser interorgánica -entre los diversos órganos que conforman un ente público no sujetos a una relación de jerarquía- o intersubjetiva -esto es, entre los entes públicos, cada uno con personalidad jurídica, presupuesto propio, autonomía y competencias específicas-. La coordinación administrativa tiene por propósito evitar las duplicidades y omisiones en el ejercicio de las funciones administrativas de cada ente público, esto es, que sean desempeñadas de forma racional y ordenada (véase, al efecto, la sentencia No. 2007-015218 de las 12:00 hrs. del 19 de octubre del 2007, entre otras). De esta manera, este Tribunal concluye que sí existen problemas de aguas pluviales y servidas en el Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, razón por la que tanto la Municipalidad accionada como el Ministerio de Salud, deberán coordinar entre sí y ejercer las acciones necesarias para darle una solución efectiva a dicha problemática. En todo caso, los dueños de las propiedades en el Residencial citado, incluyendo la recurrente, deben cumplir las órdenes sanitarias giradas por el Ministerio de Salud.
El suscrito Magistrado aclara que si bien los asuntos ambientales, cuando hay intervención administrativa de cualquier índole, los remite a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa, lo cierto es que tratándose de denuncias donde se alega contaminación producida por una inadecuada disposición y tratamiento de las aguas negras que afecta, a su vez, a los ocupantes de varias casas de habitación -como sucede en el caso concreto-, no lo hará así. Esto, por cuanto, se encuentran en juego otros derechos de los vecinos de la fuente contaminante, tales como la salud y a gozar de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Laura Prado Chacón y a María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, por su orden, Alcaldesa de Santo Domingo de Heredia y Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia, o a quienes en sus lugares ejerzan los cargos, realizar de forma coordinada las acciones que se encuentren dentro del ámbito de sus competencias para darle una solución definitiva al problemas de aguas pluviales y servidas del Residencial Santa Rosa de Lima, en el improrrogable plazo de un año, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte a las autoridades recurridas que, de conformidad con lo establecido por el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada dentro de un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.
Se condena al Estado y a la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. Notifíquese esta resolución a Laura Prado Chacón y a María del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, por su orden, Alcaldesa de Santo Domingo de Heredia y Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia, o a quienes en sus lugares ejerzan los cargos, en forma personal. El Magistrado Jinesta Lobo pone nota.- Gilbert Armijo S.
Ernesto Jinesta L.
Fernando Cruz C.
Fernando Castillo V.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
Enrique Ulate C.
Alicia Salas T.
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