← Environmental Law Center← Centro de Derecho Ambiental
Res. 00743-2014 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 21/01/2014
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber refers back to its prior ruling No. 2014-000392 that protected the Condominio Arcadia well and ordered a remedial plan; thus the petitioner and authorities must abide by what was decided therein.La Sala Constitucional remite a su sentencia previa No. 2014-000392 que protegió el pozo del Condominio Arcadia y ordenó un plan remedial, por lo que la recurrente y las autoridades deben estarse a lo allí resuelto.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber hears an amparo challenging the denial of ordinary appeals filed by the petitioner, who opposes the location permit for a private cemetery in Santo Domingo de Heredia, alleging violation of the 200-meter protection perimeter under Article 31 of the Water Law regarding the well that supplies the Condominio Arcadia. The Chamber refers back to its own prior ruling No. 2014-000392, issued in amparo 13-010414-0007-CO, which had ordered a remedial plan to solve the condominium's water supply problem and had meanwhile protected the well. The Chamber concludes that the petitioner and the authorities must abide by what was already decided in that prior ruling, in which the fundamental right to water was weighed and protective measures were ordered. The Health Minister had conditioned her decision on what the Chamber would resolve in that prior amparo, so this ruling merely reiterates the binding nature of that decision.La Sala Constitucional conoce un recurso de amparo contra el rechazo de los recursos ordinarios interpuestos por la recurrente, quien se opone al permiso de ubicación de un cementerio privado en Santo Domingo de Heredia, alegando violación del perímetro de protección de 200 metros establecido en el artículo 31 de la Ley de Aguas respecto al pozo que abastece al Condominio Arcadia. La Sala remite a su propia sentencia previa No. 2014-000392, dictada en el amparo 13-010414-0007-CO, en la que se había ordenado un plan remedial para solucionar el problema de abastecimiento de agua del condominio y se había protegido el pozo mientras tanto. La Sala concluye que la recurrente y las autoridades deben estarse a lo ya resuelto en aquella sentencia, donde se ponderó el derecho fundamental al agua y se dispusieron medidas de tutela. La Ministra de Salud había condicionado su decisión a lo que resolviera la Sala en ese amparo previo, por lo que la presente resolución se limita a reiterar la vinculatoriedad de aquel fallo.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Now, in this matter the petitioner's disagreement is with the grounds for rejecting the ordinary appeals she filed against the permit granted by the health authority for the location of a cemetery in her area, which would be next to her homes and of course next to the water well No. [VALUE 01], from which the community is supplied. She alleges 'that the Ministry of Health, by endorsing the permits for the cemetery project, leaves the well open to contamination problems, and therefore, it is urgent to adopt the necessary precautionary measures before the local council grants the municipal construction permits for earth movements. She emphasizes that the violation of water protection is evident, because the community is supplied by the well water, since the corresponding authorities do not provide the liquid alleging lack of water capacity…'. However, given that this Chamber has already granted protection to that well in the aforementioned precedent, it is considered that the petitioner must abide by what was resolved therein.Ahora, en este asunto la inconformidad de la recurrente es con la fundamentación del rechazo de los recursos ordinarios que interpuso contra el permiso que dio la autoridad sanitaria para la ubicación de un cementerio en su localidad, que estaría al lado de sus casas y por supuesto del pozo de agua No. [VALOR 01], del cual se abastece la comunidad. Alega 'que el Ministerio de Salud, al avalar los permisos para el proyecto del cementerio, deja el pozo abierto a problemas de contaminación, y por ello, urge adoptar las medidas cautelares necesarias antes de que el ayuntamiento local otorgue los permisos municipales de construcción de movimientos de suelo. Enfatiza que la violación a la protección del agua es evidente, debido a que la comunidad se abastece del agua del pozo, ya que las autoridades correspondientes no suministran el líquido alegando falta de capacidad hídrica…'. No obstante, en razón de que esta Sala ya brindó tutela al referido pozo en el antecedente de comentario, se estima que la recurrente debe estarse a lo ahí resuelto.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Esta Sala estima, que en el caso concreto debe prevaler el derecho al agua de los habitantes del Condominio Arcaida... la jurisprudencia de esta Sala es reiterada en reconocer como parte del Derecho de la Constitución el derecho fundamental al acceso al agua potable por lo que no puede privarse de ello a las personas."
"This Chamber considers that, in the specific case, the right to water of the inhabitants of Condominio Arcaida must prevail... the Chamber's jurisprudence has repeatedly recognized as part of the Constitution the fundamental right to access to potable water, therefore persons cannot be deprived of it."
Sentencia previa 2014-000392, Considerando V
"Esta Sala estima, que en el caso concreto debe prevaler el derecho al agua de los habitantes del Condominio Arcaida... la jurisprudencia de esta Sala es reiterada en reconocer como parte del Derecho de la Constitución el derecho fundamental al acceso al agua potable por lo que no puede privarse de ello a las personas."
Sentencia previa 2014-000392, Considerando V
"Estése la recurrente y las autoridades recurridas a lo resuelto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2014-000392 de las 14:30 hrs del 15 de enero del 2014."
"The petitioner and the respondent authorities shall abide by the decision of this Chamber in ruling No. 2014-000392 of 14:30 hrs on January 15, 2014."
Por tanto
"Estése la recurrente y las autoridades recurridas a lo resuelto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2014-000392 de las 14:30 hrs del 15 de enero del 2014."
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
Case File: 13-014116-0007-CO CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at fourteen hours thirty minutes on January twenty-first, two thousand fourteen.
Amparo action filed by [NAME 01], of legal age, married, resident of x, against the Minister of Health, the Vice Mayor of Santo Domingo de Heredia, the Secretary General of the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (SETENA), the Director of the Water Directorate of MINAE, and the General Manager of the National Groundwater, Irrigation and Drainage Service (SENARA).
Whereas:
On May 7, 2012, the water concession (concesión de agua) having expired, the representative of the Arcadia Condominium requested from the Water Directorate (Dirección de Agua) of MINAE a new water-use concession (concesión de aprovechamiento de aguas) for Well [VALOR]. After analyzing the administrative file technically and legally to determine the feasibility of granting said concession, official communication No. DIGH-OF-0124-2013, sent by SENARA, dated April 18, 2013, is incorporated into the record, related to an inquiry made by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Health, to which Eng. Carlos Romero Fernández, Director of the Water Research and Management Directorate (Dirección de Investigación y Gestión Hídrica) of SENARA, stated: "That the well was not drilled at the site where it was initially authorized and that the change in the coordinates affects the property bordering to the East, violating the provisions of Article 8 of the Water Law (Ley de Aguas)." As a result of that communication, an inspection was carried out by officials of that Directorate and technical report No. AT-2881-2013 was prepared, in which it is clearly evident that the well located in the Arcadia condominium was drilled 215 meters away from the original and authorized point.
That accordingly, and by being drilled at a site very different from the one initially authorized, the 40-meter setback (retiro) established by Article 8 of the Water Law (Ley de Aguas) was violated. That in turn, Article 28 of DE-35884 establishes that the well may be sealed if it is constructed in contravention of the specifications established by the permit. It is for the foregoing reasons that resolution No. DA-0647-2013 of seven thirty on July 2, 2013, is issued, ordering the sealing of the cited well, since it was verified that the well had been drilled at a site different from that authorized by that Directorate and that it does not comply with the setback distance indicated in Article 8 of the Water Law (Ley de Aguas), given that the site where it was drilled, regarding the 40 meters of protection, these exceed the boundaries of the Condominium property, which would encumber the neighboring property with the well protection zones (rangos de protección de pozo); a resolution that was challenged and appealed by Mrs.
Kissling Jimenez, with both appeals being rejected by both that Directorate and the Office of the Minister. Currently, the cited resolution ordering the sealing of Well [VALOR] is under review in the constitutional jurisdiction under file No. 13-010414-007-CO. On the other hand, due to the countless situations that have occurred with well locations, that Directorate, in agreement with SENARA, issued communication No. DA-3114-2011 of July 19, 2011, which provided the possibility of rectifying the well's location by means of a correction of coordinates, provided certain requirements were met, as contained in the different regulations governing the matter. This request could be made by the interested party (administrado). In this specific case, the well fails to meet one requirement, as indicated above: it does not maintain the distance stipulated in Article 8 of the Water Law (Ley de Aguas) and, in addition, no timely request in this regard was filed by the aforementioned condominium.
The appellant states that neither the Municipality of Santo Domingo de Heredia nor the Public Services Company of Heredia (Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia) have supplied them with water, both claiming they lack the water capacity to provide the service. Examining the administrative file, communication No. DI-042-2009 is extracted, signed by engineer Daniel Vargas Breddy, who, in response to an inquiry from that Directorate via communication No. lMN-DA-4048-2009, regarding whether there is availability on the part of that entity to supply the condominium in question, states that the Condominium is self-supplied through its own well and that, in any case, the aqueduct does not have the capacity to supply them with potable water if they were to request it. Likewise, through communication No. DA-028 C-2012, signed by the same engineer, he reiterates what was stated in the aforementioned communication.
From the foregoing, it is important to highlight that, as of the date of filing this appeal, the record does not contain a request by the appellant for the water supply to be provided by that municipal entity. Furthermore, the condominium has not requested water from the Public Services Company of Heredia (Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia), since, as stated in the administrative file, through an inquiry made by that Directorate to said company, the company indicated it would be willing, only that this would entail a high cost. The appellant states that water from the well is what the residents of the Condominium consume and use for all their needs. From what has been indicated up to that point and after reviewing the concession file, this can be concluded, and this was also verified by the Water Directorate through an on-site inspection during a visit conducted on June 12, 2013, by its officials.
That as users of Well [VALOR], they have initiated a struggle against the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (Secretaria Técnica Nacional Ambiental), the Municipality of Santo Domingo, and the Ministry of Health, against the cemetery project that would be located next to their homes and the cited well, on which this Directorate will not rule. That regarding the actions of the cemetery developers related to the report issued by the Ministry of Health referred to by the appellant, this Directorate will not comment as it lacks competence. Regarding the Revocation (Revocatoria) and Appeal (Apelación) motions filed against the resolution issued by the Ministry of Health, as well as the municipal construction permits and earthworks (movimiento de tierras) permits for the cemetery project, this Directorate cannot comment on them, as they are not matters within its competence. That regarding the request for suspension of communication No. DM M 6460-2013 of October 7, 2013, it is not within this Directorate's competence to comment.
That in the present appeal, the appellant is accusing the described action, related to the actions of the Ministry of Health, of violating her fundamental rights, a matter on which this Directorate will not comment as it is not within its competence. That regarding the facts described by Mrs. Daisy María Corrales Días, in her capacity as Minister of Health, the described facts are not evident to this Directorate, only what relates to point eleven of communication No. CN-ARSSD-D-1822-2013, signed by Dr. Maria del Carmen Bolaños Zamora, Director of the Health Governing Area of Santo Domingo de Heredia (Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia), regarding resolution No. DA-0647-2013 of seven thirty on July 2, 2013, where the sealing of Well [VALOR] is ordered, for having been drilled at a site other than that authorized; also denying the request for a water concession (concesión de agua) filed by the Arcadia Condominium, which is true. It requests that the appeal be declared without merit regarding its represented party.
Drafted by Magistrate Castillo Víquez; and,
Considering:
I.Object of the appeal. The appellant claims that the ordinary appeals filed against the location permit for a project for a cemetery in Santo Domingo de Heredia by a private company were rejected on the simplistic argument that there is no reliable proof that damage or risk to public health is being caused. However, the 200-meter protection perimeter of the water well that supplies the community is being disrespected.
II.Proven facts. The following facts are deemed duly proven as important for the decision of this matter, either because they have been accredited or because the respondents have omitted to refer to them according to the provisions of the initial order:
a. Through communication No. CN-ARS-SD-LR-1828-2012 of November 27, 2012, the Director of the Health Governing Area of Santo Domingo de Heredia (Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia) of the Ministry of Health, approved the location application for the project "[name - ] (private)" in the San Vicente district of that canton, considering that it complies with the requirements stipulated by the specific sanitary regulations (report from the Minister of Health and documentation provided).
b. On February 20, 2013, the appellant filed with the Health Governing Area of Santo Domingo de Heredia (Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia), a nullity request and a revocatory appeal with a subsidiary appeal against the location permit for the [name - ] (document provided by the appellant).
c. The revocatory appeal filed by the appellant was rejected, and the appeal was forwarded to the Minister of Health (report from the health authority and documentation provided).
d. Through resolution No. DM-M-6460-2013 of 8:50 a.m. on October 7, 2013, the Minister of Health rejected the appeal filed by the appellant, but warned the Health Governing Area of Santo Domingo de Heredia (Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia) to keep in mind what this Chamber resolves in amparo remedy (recurso de amparo) No. 13-010414-0007-CO, also filed by the appellant (report from the Minister of Health and documentation provided).
III.On the merits. This Chamber has already had the opportunity to hear matters relating to the well that supplies water to the people residing in the Arcadia Condominium. Specifically, in amparo remedy No. 13-010414-0007-CO filed by the same appellant here. The object of that proceeding was: "The appellant considers her fundamental rights violated, since the closure of the well that supplies water to the Arcadia Condominium was ordered, which had been approved since the 90s." It was partially granted through judgment No. 2014-000392 of 2:30 p.m. on January 15, 2014, under the following considerations:
"V.- Specific case. From the study of the reports rendered under oath and the evidence provided, it is clear that the Arcadia Condominium in Santo Domingo de Heredia is supplied with potable water from well No. [VALOR], which was authorized in 1995, a time when it was extremely common for the location of well drilling applications not to correspond exactly to the site where drilling occurred, because the location was normally determined based on 1:5000 scale cartographic sheets. Likewise, from the reports rendered under oath, it is observed that the Administration has currently realized that the well was drilled 124 meters away from the authorized point, and therefore proceeded to issue the respective resolution, ordering the well's sealing, considering that this situation led the Administration to err regarding the granting of permits years ago. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it was reported under oath that this type of case in which the well was drilled at a site different from that requested and approved is handled jointly between SENARA and MINAE, following the procedure described in communication DA-3141-2011 from the Water Directorate (Dirección de Aguas) of MINAE of July 19, 2011, which indicates that it is possible to correct the location coordinates of wells, provided the required principles are met.
Similarly, it is verified that since April 2, 2012, the condominium has not had a water-use concession (concesión de aprovechamiento de agua), since it expired on that date, and no resolution approving the use of water from the well has been issued. Added to this, it was indicated under oath that although the well was drilled about 30-35 meters from the boundary bordering the cemetery, and according to Article 8 of the Water Law (Ley de Aguas), it should be 40 meters, this distance can be reduced with technical studies.
For its part, the Public Services Company of Heredia (Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia) states that the incorrect well location is correctable with GPS, and that the reasons for the change should be investigated, to see if they were technical or due to a change in the well's property for civil reasons. It also indicated that the two possible options for supplying water are that, in addition to managing the well, the required work would involve an investment of 228,000 USD for the first option and 441,000 USD for the second option; additionally, if approved, the company must formally propose this expansion as a project, with its respective incorporation into rates and other administrative processes, for a future in the medium to long term.
For its part, the Municipality of Santo Domingo de Heredia indicated that the cited project is located in the District of San Vicente, a sector supplied by the Santo Tomás Aqueduct system, which presents a deficit water balance, since the Arizona well, which is the main supply source with a production of 20 L/s, supplies the aqueduct which has an average consumption of 34 L/s and a peak demand of 41 L/s; the water deficit ranges between 14 L/s and 21 L/s, a sector where the Arcadia Condominium is located. Therefore, operationally, a service pressure greater than 15 mwc (meters of water column) is required, and the highest house in the Arcadia Condominium is at elevation 1,222 masl (meters above sea level) while the base of the tank is at elevation 1,225 masl, and considering the hydraulic losses in the supply pipes, the service pressure in that house is estimated to be only 1-2 mwc, which does not allow for service provision.
For these reasons, the Arcadia Condominium cannot be supplied with the water produced by the Arizona well and pumped to the San Vicente tank. Regarding the conduction pipeline for the eastern districts, it is noted that in front of the Arcadia Condominium entrance, there is a 100 mm pipe from the aqueduct for the eastern districts of Santo Domingo, which transports water from the Eastern Districts Aqueduct to the San Vicente tank, to partly supply the deficit of the Santo Tomás aqueduct; however, in the summer months this pipe must be shut off as the surplus ceases to exist, because the water balance of the eastern districts is also deficit.
Likewise, from the reports rendered under oath by the General Manager and the Director of Research and Water Management, both from the National Service for Groundwater, Irrigation, and Drainage (Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas, Riego y Avenamiento), it is accredited that with the conservation of well [VALOR] in its current location, it cannot be assured that there will be an impact on the aquifer (manto acuífero) from the cemetery activity, but it is advisable as a precautionary measure to establish a procedure for water quality monitoring, to determine if any type of contaminant appears. For the foregoing reasons, this Chamber considers that in the specific case, the right to water of the inhabitants of the Arcadia Condominium must prevail. In that sense, it is important to indicate that this Chamber's jurisprudence is consistent in recognizing the fundamental right to access to potable water as part of Constitutional Law, and therefore people cannot be deprived of it.
In view of the foregoing, and considering that the most viable option for protecting the right to access potable water of the inhabitants of the Arcadia Condominium is that, within a period of six months, both the Mayoress of the Municipality of Santo Domingo de Heredia, as well as the Director of the Water Directorate of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the Director of Water Research and Management, and the Deputy General Manager, both from the National Service for Groundwater, Irrigation, and Drainage (SENARA), establish, execute, and present to this Chamber a remedial plan that provides a solution to the problem surrounding the location of well No. [VALOR] or the supply of potable water to the people residing in the Arcadia Condominium, without the potable water supply being suspended. Consequently, it is appropriate to grant the remedy, as is hereby done.
VII.Regarding the violation of the right to defense and due process, because it is considered that no hearing was granted, nor reasonable time to present evidence, prior to the decision to close the well, this is an issue that must be raised before the corresponding instances so that what is appropriate under the law is resolved, as it is not for this Chamber to rule on it."
Reason for which it was ordered: "The remedy is partially granted. Jorge Bonilla Cervantes, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, Laura Prado Chacón, in her capacity as Municipal Mayoress of the Municipality of Santo Domingo de Heredia, as well as Carlos Romero Fernández, in his capacity as Director of Water Research and Management, and Juan Carlos Mora Montero, in his capacity as Deputy General Manager, both from the National Service for Groundwater, Irrigation, and Drainage (SENARA), or whoever holds those positions, are ordered to adopt and execute the measures and actions necessary so that within a period of six months, they provide a solution to the water supply problem for the inhabitants of the Arcadia Condominium in Santo Domingo de Heredia, according to the terms defined in considering V of this judgment…".
Now, in this matter, the appellant's disagreement is with the reasoning for the rejection of the ordinary appeals she filed against the permit given by the health authority for the location of a cemetery in her locality, which would be next to their homes and, of course, next to water well No. [VALOR 01], from which the community is supplied. She alleges "that the Ministry of Health, by endorsing the permits for the cemetery project, leaves the well open to contamination problems, and therefore, it is urgent to adopt the necessary precautionary measures before the local council grants the municipal construction and soil movement permits. She emphasizes that the violation of water protection is evident, because the community is supplied with water from the well, since the corresponding authorities do not provide the liquid, alleging a lack of water capacity…". However, given that this Chamber has already provided protection for the referred well in the precedent mentioned, it is considered that the appellant must abide by what was resolved there.
Note that what is even being discussed is whether or not its current location is appropriate, and not because of the cemetery project objected to in this amparo, but because its drilling was carried out at a site different from that requested and approved. Despite that dilemma, it was considered that the most viable option for protecting the right to access potable water of the inhabitants of the Arcadia Condominium was for the respondent authorities to present to this Chamber a remedial plan that provides a solution to the problem surrounding the location of well No. [VALOR] or the supply of potable water to the people residing in the Arcadia Condominium, without the potable water supply being suspended. Besides, in the denial of the appeal filed by the appellant, the Minister of Health warned the Health Governing Area of Santo Domingo de Heredia (Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia) to keep in mind what this Chamber resolves in amparo remedy No. 13-010414-0007-CO.
Compliance with what was ordered there is mandatory. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to refer not only the appellant, but also the respondent authorities here, to what was recently resolved in judgment No. 2014-000392.
Therefore:
The appellant and the respondent authorities shall abide by what was resolved by this Chamber in judgment No. 2014-000392 of 2:30 p.m. on January 15, 2014.
Gilbert Armijo S.
Acting President Ernesto Jinesta L.
Fernando Cruz C.
Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Ronald Salazar Murillo It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 05-09-2026 14:26:07.
Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las catorce horas treinta minutos del veintiuno de enero de dos mil catorce.
Recurso de amparo interpuesto por [NOMBRE 01], mayor, casada, vecina de x, contra la Ministra de Salud, el Vice Alcalde de Santo Domingo de Heredia, el Secretario General de la Secretaria Técnica Nacional Ambiental (SETENA), el Director de la Dirección de Agua del MINAE y el Gerente General del Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas, Riego y Avenamiento (SENARA).
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Castillo Víquez; y,
Considerando:
I.Objeto del recurso. La recurrente alega que los recursos ordinarios interpuestos contra el permiso de ubicación del proyecto de un cementerio en Santo Domingo de Heredia por parte de una empresa privada, fueron rechazados bajo el argumento simplista de que no existe prueba fehaciente de que se esté causando daño o riesgo a la salud pública. No obstante, se está irrespetando el perímetro de protección de 200 metros del pozo de agua que abastece a la comunidad.
II.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque los recurridos hayan omitido referirse a ellos según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
a. Mediante oficio No. CN-ARS-SD-LR-1828-2012 del 27 de noviembre del 2012, la Directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia del Ministerio de Salud, aprobó la solicitud de ubicación del proyecto “[nombre - ](privado)” en el distrito San Vicente de ese cantón, por estimar que cumple con los requisitos que señala la normativa sanitaria especifica (informe de la Ministra de Salud y documentación aportada).
b. El 20 de febrero del 2013, la recurrente interpuso ante el Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia, solicitud de nulidad y recurso de revocatoria con apelación en subsidio contra el permiso de ubicación del [nombre - ](documento aportado por la recurrente).
c. La revocatoria que presentó la recurrente fue rechazada y la apelación se elevó ante la Ministra de Salud (informe de la autoridad sanitaria y documentación aportada).
d. Mediante resolución No. DM-M-6460-2013 de las 8:50 hrs del 7 de octubre del 2013, la Ministra de Salud rechazó la apelación presentada por la recurrente, pero advirtiendo al Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia tener presente lo que resolviera esta Sala en el recurso de amparo No. 13-010414-0007-CO, también interpuesto por la recurrente (informe de la Ministra de Salud y documentación aportada).
III.Sobre el fondo. Esta Sala ya ha tenido oportunidad de conocer asuntos referentes al pozo que abastece de agua a las personas que habitan en el Condominio Arcadia. En concreto, en el recurso de amparo No. 13-010414-0007-CO interpuesto por la también aquí recurrente. El objeto de ese proceso fue: “La recurrente estima lesionados sus derechos fundamentales, toda vez que, se ordenó el cierre del pozo que abastece de agua al Condominio Arcaida, el cual había sido aprobado desde los años 90s.” Fue declarado parcialmente con lugar mediante sentencia No. 2014-000392 de las 14:30 hrs del 15 de enero del 2014, bajo las siguientes consideraciones:
“V.- Caso concreto. Del estudio de los informes rendidos bajo juramento y de las pruebas aportadas, se desprende que el Condominio Arcaida de Santo Domingo de Heredia, se abastece de agua potable del pozo No. [VALOR ], el cual fue autorizado en 1995, época en la cual era sumamente corriente que la ubicación de las solicitudes de perforación de pozos, no correspondieran exactamente con el sitio en el cual se perfora, debido a que la ubicación normalmente se realizaba a partir de las hojas cartográficas a escala 1:5000. Asimismo, de los informes rendidos bajo juramento, se observa que actualmente la Administración se percató que el pozo fue perforado a 124 metros de distancia del punto autorizado, por lo que se procedió a realizar la resolución respectiva, ordenando el sellado del pozo, por considerar que dicha situación llevó a error a la Administración, respecto a la concesión de permisos años atrás.
No obstante lo anterior, se informó bajo juramento que ese tipo de casos en los cuales se realizó la perforación del pozo en un sitio diferente al solicitado y aprobado, se atienden entre el SENARA y el MINAE, siguiendo el procedimiento descrito en el oficio DA-3141-2011 de la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE del 19 de julio de 2011, en el cual se indica que es posible realizar la corrección de coordenadas de ubicación de pozos, siempre y cuando se cumplan los principios requeridos. De igual manera, se constata que desde el 2 de abril de 2012, el condominio no cuenta con concesión de aprovechamiento de agua, puesto que se venció en esa fecha, y no se ha emitido ninguna resolución de aprobación del aprovechamiento del agua del pozo. Aunado a ello, bajo juramento se indicó que si bien el pozo se perforó a unos 30-35 metros del lindero que colinda con el cementerio, siendo que según el artículo 8 de la Ley de Aguas, son 40 metros, dicha distancia se puede reducir con estudios técnicos.
Por su parte, la Empresa de Servicios Públicos de Heredia, señala que la mala ubicación del pozo es corregible con los GPS, y que habría que indagar las razones del cambio, para ver si fueron técnicas o por cambio de predio del pozo por razones civiles, así como también indicó que las dos opciones posibles para poder brindar el suministro de agua, es que además de administrar el pozo, los trabajos requeridos conllevarían una inversión de 228.000 USD la primera opción y 441.000 USD la segunda opción, además de que en caso de ser aprobado la empresa debe plantear esa ampliación propiamente como un proyecto, con su respectiva incorporación en tarifas y demás procesos administrativos, para un futuro en el mediano-largo plazo.
Por su parte, la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia, indicó que el proyecto de cita, se encuentra ubicado en el Distrito de San Vicente, sector que es abastecido por el sistema del Acueducto de Santo Tomás, que presenta un balance hídrico deficitario, pues el pozo Arizona, que es la fuente principal de abastecimiento con una producción de 20 L/s, abastece el acueducto que tiene un consumo promedio de 34 L/s y una demanda de máxima de 41 L/s, el déficit de agua oscila entre 14 L/s y 21 L/s, sector donde se ubica el Condominio Arcaida, por lo cual, operativamente se requiere de una presión de servicio superior a 15 mca (metros de columna de agua), y la casa más alta del Condominio Arcaida está sobre la cota 1.222 msnm (metros sobre el nivel del mar) y la base del tanque en la cota 1.225 msnm, y considerando las pérdidas hidráulicas dadas en las tuberías de abastecimiento, la presión de servicio en esa casa se estima sería de tan solo 1-2 mca, lo cual no permite prestar el servicio.
Razones por las cuales, no se puede abastecer al Condominio Arcaida con el agua que produce el pozo Arizona y que se bombea al tanque San Vicente. En cuanto a la tubería de conducción de los distritos del este, señalan que frente a la entrada del Condominio Arcaida, se tiene una tubería de 100 mm del acueducto de los distritos del este de Santo Domingo, que traslada agua del Acueducto de los Distritos del este hasta el tanque de San Vicente, para suplir en parte el déficit del acueducto de Santo Tomás, no obstante, en los meses de verano esta tubería debe cerrarse en tanto el remanente deja de existir, por cuanto el balance de agua de los distritos del este es también es deficiario.
De igual forma, de los informes rendidos bajo juramento por el Gerente General y el Director de Investigación y Gestión Hídrica, ambos del Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas, Riego y Avenamiento se tiene por acreditado que con la conservación del pozo [VALOR ], en la actual ubicación, no se puede asegurar que se dará una afectación al manto acuífero por la actividad de cementerio, pero es recomendable como medida precautoria, que se establezca un procedimiento para el monitoreo de calidad de aguas, para determinar si se presenta algún tipo de contaminante. En razón de lo anterior, esta Sala estima, que en el caso concreto debe prevaler el derecho al agua de los habitantes del Condominio Arcaida, y en ese sentido, es importante indicar que la jurisprudencia de esta Sala es reiterada en reconocer como parte del Derecho de la Constitución el derecho fundamental al acceso al agua potable por lo que no puede privarse de ello a las personas.
En vista de lo expuesto, y al estimarse que lo más viable en aras de proteger el derecho al acesso al agua potable de los habitantes del Condominio Arcaida, es que en el plazo de seis meses, tanto la Alcaldesa de la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia, como el Director de la Dirección de Aguas del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía y el Director de Investigación y Gestión Hídrica, y el SubGerente General, ambos del Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas Riego y Avenamiento (SENARA), establezcan, ejecuten y presenten a esta Sala un plan remedial que brinde una solución al problema en torno a la ubicación del pozo No. [VALOR ]o al abastecimiento del agua potable de las personas que habitan en el Condominio Arcaida, sin que el suministro del agua potable se vea suspendido. En consecuencia, lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso, como en efecto se hace.
VII.En cuanto a la lesión al derecho de defensa y debido proceso, por cuanto considera que no se le dio audiencia, ni tiempo razonable para presentar pruebas, previo a tomar la decisión de que se cerrara el pozo, es un extremo que deberá alegarse ante las instancias correspondientes para que se resuelva lo que en derecho corresponda, ya que no le corresponde a esta Sala pronunciarse al respecto.”
Motivo por el cual se dispuso: “Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Jorge Bonilla Cervantes, en su condición de Director de la Dirección de Aguas del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, a Laura Prado Chacón, en su condición de Alcaldesa Municipal de la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia, así como a Carlos Romero Fernández, en su condición de Director de Investigación y Gestión Hídrica, y a Juan Carlos Mora Montero, en su calidad de Sub Gerente General, ambos del Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas Riego y Avenamiento (SENARA), o a quienes ocupen esos cargos, que adopten y ejecuten las medidas y acciones necesarias para que en el plazo de seis meses, brinden una solución al problema de abastecimiento de agua de los habitantes del Condominio Arcaida en Santo Domingo de Heredia, según los términos definidos en el considerando V de la presente sentencia…”.
Ahora, en este asunto la inconformidad de la recurrente es con la fundamentación del rechazo de los recursos ordinarios que interpuso contra el permiso que dio la autoridad sanitaria para la ubicación de un cementerio en su localidad, que estaría al lado de sus casas y por supuesto del pozo de agua No. [VALOR 01], del cual se abastece la comunidad. Alega “que el Ministerio de Salud, al avalar los permisos para el proyecto del cementerio, deja el pozo abierto a problemas de contaminación, y por ello, urge adoptar las medidas cautelares necesarias antes de que el ayuntamiento local otorgue los permisos municipales de construcción de movimientos de suelo. Enfatiza que la violación a la protección del agua es evidente, debido a que la comunidad se abastece del agua del pozo, ya que las autoridades correspondientes no suministran el líquido alegando falta de capacidad hídrica…”. No obstante, en razón de que esta Sala ya brindó tutela al referido pozo en el antecedente de comentario, se estima que la recurrente debe estarse a lo ahí resuelto.
Nótese que incluso se discute si procede o no su actual ubicación y no por el proyecto de camposanto que se objeta en el presente amparo, sino porque se realizó su perforación en un sitio diferente al solicitado y aprobado. A pesar de esa disyuntiva, se consideró que lo más viable en aras de proteger el derecho al acesso al agua potable de los habitantes del Condominio Arcaida que las autoridades recurridas presenten a esta Sala un plan remedial que brinde una solución al problema en torno a la ubicación del pozo No. [VALOR ]o al abastecimiento del agua potable de las personas que habitan en el Condominio Arcaida, sin que el suministro del agua potable se vea suspendido. Aparte de que en la denegatoria del recurso de apelación interpuesto por la recurrente, la Ministra de Salud advirtió al Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia tener presente lo que resolviera esta Sala en el recurso de amparo No. 13-010414-0007-CO.
Siendo que el cumplimiento de lo ahí ordenado es de previa observancia. Por ello, se estima que lo procedente es remitir no solo a la recurrente, sino también a las autoridades aquí recurridas, a lo resuelto en fecha reciente en la sentencia No. 2014-000392.
Por tanto:
Estése la recurrente y las autoridades recurridas a lo resuelto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2014-000392 de las 14:30 hrs del 15 de enero del 2014.
Gilbert Armijo S.
Presidente a.i Ernesto Jinesta L.
Fernando Cruz C.
Fernando Castillo V.
Paul Rueda L.
Nancy Hernández L.
Ronald Salazar Murillo
Document not found. Documento no encontrado.