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Res. 07275-2011 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 03/06/2011
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber denied the amparo because the P-PGA, activity schedule, and community survey established that the project had undergone environmental review and local consultation, leaving any technical dispute over the proper assessment instrument to ordinary legality proceedings.La Sala rechazó el amparo porque el P-PGA, el cronograma y la encuesta comunitaria acreditaron la evaluación ambiental y el conocimiento local del proyecto, dejando cualquier disputa técnica sobre el instrumento aplicable para la vía de legalidad.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber denied the amparo filed against the Municipality of Orotina and SETENA concerning the environmental approval granted to the Central Pacific Environmental Project. The petitioner argued that the technical closure of the former open-air dump and its conversion into a sanitary landfill required a full environmental impact study, a detailed schedule, and adequate community participation. Applying its recent precedent involving the same project, the Chamber found that SETENA had assessed the closure through an Environmental Forecast and Management Plan (P-PGA), an instrument containing physical, biological, and social diagnostics, water-resource studies, and prevention, mitigation, and compensation measures. It also found that an activity schedule existed. The Chamber held that a disagreement over whether a different environmental assessment instrument should have been required belonged in ordinary legality proceedings, where the technical criterion could be challenged with fuller evidence. It also rejected the alleged lack of community notice because a survey had consulted 66.7% of the residents of El Tigre.La Sala Constitucional declaró sin lugar el amparo promovido contra la Municipalidad de Orotina y SETENA por la viabilidad ambiental concedida al Proyecto Ambiental Pacífico Central. El recurrente alegaba que el cierre técnico del antiguo botadero y su conversión en relleno sanitario exigían un estudio de impacto ambiental completo, un cronograma detallado y una participación comunitaria adecuada. La Sala aplicó su precedente inmediato sobre el mismo proyecto y tuvo por acreditado que SETENA evaluó el cierre mediante un Pronóstico-Plan de Gestión Ambiental (P-PGA), instrumento que incorporaba diagnóstico físico, biológico y social, estudios sobre recursos hídricos y medidas de prevención, mitigación y compensación. También constató la existencia de un cronograma. Consideró que la controversia acerca de si correspondía exigir otro instrumento ambiental debía discutirse en la vía ordinaria de legalidad, con prueba técnica suficiente. Finalmente, rechazó la falta de información comunitaria porque una encuesta había consultado al 66,7 % de los habitantes del poblado El Tigre.
Key excerptExtracto clave
In the case at hand, it has been established that the environmental impact assessment for the dump’s technical-closure project was conducted through the assessment instrument known as the Environmental Forecast and Management Plan (P-PGA), and that, on this basis, the National Environmental Technical Secretariat granted environmental approval to the challenged project through Resolution No. 1643-2008-SETENA of June 3, 2008. Thus, if the petitioner believes that this specific instrument was inapplicable and that another should have been used, the dispute must be brought through ordinary legality proceedings, where that technical criterion may be challenged with more extensive evidence. It must also be clarified that although, in Decision No. 2002-6782 of 3:29 p.m. on July 9, 2002, this Chamber held that “ALL SANITARY LANDFILL PROJECTS MUST BE SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY,” the specific project here concerns the technical closure of an existing garbage dump; consequently, that precedent is not applicable. Accordingly, the protected party’s argument that community members were not informed during the processing of the project is rejected. In light of the foregoing, the appropriate disposition is to deny the present amparo, as is hereby ordered.En el sub lite queda demostrado que se realizó la evaluación de impacto ambiental del proyecto de cierre técnico del botadero a través del instrumento de evaluación denominado Pronóstico - Plan de Gestión Ambiental (P-PGA) y que con base en esto, la Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental otorgó la Viabilidad Ambiental al proyecto cuestionado a través de la resolución No.1643-2008-SETENA de 03 de junio de 2008. De este modo, si el recurrente estima que esa herramienta específica no era aplicable sino otra, deberá plantear la discusión en las vías de legalidad, en donde, con mayores elementos probatorios, podrá rebatir ese criterio técnico. De otra parte, debe aclararse que, si bien, en el Voto No. 2002-6782 de las 15:29 horas de 9 de julio de 2002, esta Sala sostuvo que “TODOS LOS PROYECTOS DE RELLENO SANITARIO DEBEN ESTAR SUJETOS A UN ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL”; en el caso concreto, no puede perderse de vista que el proyecto versa sobre el cierre técnico de un botadero de basura existente, por lo que no resultaría aplicable el precedente en cuestión. En consecuencia de lo anterior, se descarta el argumento del amparado, referente a que durante la tramitación del citado proyecto, no se puso en conocimiento de los miembros de la comunidad. En mérito de lo expuesto, lo procedente es declarar sin lugar el presente recurso, como en efecto se ordena.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"De ahí que, con base en ese criterio, el cual por su naturaleza técnica, no puede ser rebatido por este Tribunal, se descarta que se esté en presencia de una lesión a los derechos fundamentales invocados."
"Therefore, based on that criterion, which because of its technical nature cannot be refuted by this Court, the existence of a violation of the invoked fundamental rights is ruled out."
Considerando III
"De ahí que, con base en ese criterio, el cual por su naturaleza técnica, no puede ser rebatido por este Tribunal, se descarta que se esté en presencia de una lesión a los derechos fundamentales invocados."
Considerando III
"Lo que, a tenor del artículo 20 del Decreto Ejecutivo No. 31849 (norma que estipula que, en virtud de la calificación final de la significancia de impacto ambiental, las actividades, obras o proyectos pueden seguir las siguientes rutas de decisión: 1. B2–Baja SIA - Declaración Jurada de Compromisos Ambientales (DJCA); 2. B1 – Moderada SIA – Pronóstico-Plan de Gestión Ambiental (P-PGA); 3. A – Alta SIA - Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EsIA)), obligaba al desarrollador a presentar un instrumento de evaluación denominado Declaración Jurada de Compromisos Ambientales y las correspondientes medidas de mitigación."
"Under Article 20 of Executive Decree No. 31849—which provides that, according to the final environmental-impact-significance rating, activities, works, or projects may follow these decision paths: 1. B2–Low EIS: Sworn Declaration of Environmental Commitments (DJCA); 2. B1–Moderate EIS: Environmental Forecast and Management Plan (P-PGA); and 3. A–High EIS: Environmental Impact Study (EsIA)—the developer was required to submit a Sworn Declaration of Environmental Commitments and the corresponding mitigation measures."
Considerando III
"Lo que, a tenor del artículo 20 del Decreto Ejecutivo No. 31849 (norma que estipula que, en virtud de la calificación final de la significancia de impacto ambiental, las actividades, obras o proyectos pueden seguir las siguientes rutas de decisión: 1. B2–Baja SIA - Declaración Jurada de Compromisos Ambientales (DJCA); 2. B1 – Moderada SIA – Pronóstico-Plan de Gestión Ambiental (P-PGA); 3. A – Alta SIA - Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EsIA)), obligaba al desarrollador a presentar un instrumento de evaluación denominado Declaración Jurada de Compromisos Ambientales y las correspondientes medidas de mitigación."
Considerando III
"En consecuencia, se rechaza la lesión a los artículos 49 y 50 de la Constitución Política."
"Consequently, the alleged violation of Articles 49 and 50 of the Political Constitution is rejected."
Considerando V
"En consecuencia, se rechaza la lesión a los artículos 49 y 50 de la Constitución Política."
Considerando V
"Se declara SIN LUGAR el recurso."
"The amparo is DENIED."
Por tanto
"Se declara SIN LUGAR el recurso."
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
*110000570007CO* *110000570007CO* CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at ten twenty-five a.m. on June 3, 2011.
Amparo proceeding (recurso de amparo) processed under expediente number 11-000057-0007-CO, filed by JOHNNY FERNANDEZ VILLEGAS, identity card 0104720977, against the MAYOR OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF OROTINA AND THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT (SETENA).
Resultando:
Justice Cruz Castro writes the opinion; and,
Considering:
I.Subject matter of the action. The petitioner seeks protection of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. He claims that the respondent Secretaría granted environmental viability to a project pursued by WPP Continental de Costa Rica without requiring the applicant company to submit a genuine environmental impact study (estudio de impacto ambiental) or a schedule of the activities to be undertaken. He adds that the members of the community were not notified of the processing of the aforementioned project.
Sole fact.- An Environmental Management Plan (Plan de Gestión Ambiental) was prepared and submitted by the company developing the project. It included a survey regarding how members of the Tigre community perceived the project in question, which was conducted in noviembre de 2007. The survey collected a sample of 30 residents, corresponding to 66.7% of all residents living in the Tigre settlement. Residents were asked about their local perception of the project; whether they were aware of the project’s possible construction; their opinion regarding the construction and operation of a sanitary landfill (relleno sanitario); the employment opportunities offered by the project; and the respondents’ concerns about carrying out the project (folios 34 and 36 of the case file, and pages 88 to 96 and 101 to 103 of the administrative record (expediente administrativo)).
III.Regarding the environmental viability of the project pursued by WPP Continental de Costa Rica for the construction of a sanitary landfill in the Cantón de Orotina. The destination and disposal of solid waste in the Cantón de Orotina has repeatedly come before this Constitutional Court. Resolution number 2011006336 issued at 10:39 on 17 de mayo de 2011 provides a comprehensive summary of the principal rulings on the matter, is applicable to the case at hand, and held as follows:
“I.- PURPOSE OF THE ACTION. The petitioner brings this constitutional rights action (recurso de amparo) to protect the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Specifically, he claims that an environmental impact study (estudio de impacto ambiental) was not conducted for the construction of a sanitary landfill (relleno sanitario) in the canton of Orotina, as required by Article 17 of the Ley Orgánica del Ambiente. In that regard, he claims that the leachate (lixiviados) poses a risk of contaminating groundwater and surface water, which can be determined only through a prior environmental impact study. II.- PROVEN FACTS. The following facts are deemed duly proven and relevant to the disposition of this matter:
First, he clarified that the so-called Proyecto Ambiental del Pacífico Central concerns the technical closure of the former Orotina dump, which operated irregularly for many years, and not the construction of a sanitary landfill, and that its review was conducted in accordance with the regulations in force, specifically the General Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (Reglamento General sobre los Procedimientos de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, EIA), Nº 31849-MINAE-S-MOPT-MAG-MEIC, and its annexes. He further explained that the project’s initial environmental assessment (evaluación ambiental inicial) was conducted using a D1 form, the result of which is expressed numerically and determines the type of environmental assessment instrument (instrumento de evaluación ambiental) that must be prepared and analyzed. In the case of the Proyecto Ambiental del Pacífico Central, that score was 253.5 points.
Under Article 20 of Decreto Ejecutivo No. 31849 (a provision stipulating that, by virtue of the final environmental impact significance rating (calificación final de la significancia de impacto ambiental), activities, works, or projects may follow these decision-making tracks: 1. B2–Low EIS (Baja SIA) — Sworn Declaration of Environmental Commitments (Declaración Jurada de Compromisos Ambientales, DJCA); 2. B1–Moderate EIS (Moderada SIA) — Forecast–Environmental Management Plan (Pronóstico-Plan de Gestión Ambiental, P-PGA); 3. A–High EIS (Alta SIA) — Environmental Impact Study (Estudio de Impacto Ambiental, EsIA)), this required the developer to submit an assessment instrument known as a Sworn Declaration of Environmental Commitments and the corresponding mitigation measures (medidas de mitigación). Nevertheless, although the technical analysis determined that a Sworn Declaration of Environmental Commitments had to be submitted for the project at issue, according to the information provided under oath, a Forecast–Environmental Management Plan was included; under the aforementioned regulations, this is a more robust technical environmental impact assessment instrument that, in addition to providing a general forecast of the most significant environmental aspects and impacts generated by the activity, work, or project to be undertaken, includes the environmental measures, their potential costs, time frames, and the persons responsible for implementing them, all aimed at preventing, mitigating, correcting, offsetting, or restoring environmental impacts that might occur.
That instrument includes an environmental diagnosis of the physical, biological, and social surroundings, which provides the basis for proposing the mitigation and offsetting measures that must be implemented and that form part of the environmental commitments undertaken by the project developer; it also addresses matters such as hydraulic and hydrogeological studies (including vulnerability to contamination), slope stability, archaeology, among others. Indeed, the Secretario Técnico stated that this technical criterion was also based on the Project Categorization contained in Annex 2 of Decreto Ejecutivo No. 31849 and that, moreover, “(…) based on the project’s characteristics, the activity would be classified as type B1 and therefore is not of high environmental impact (Category A), and because only projects belonging to that classification and shown, through completion (sic) of the D1 form, to have this level of impact significance are required to submit an Environmental Impact Study.
Even so, the project followed the assessment guidelines established in Decreto Ejecutivo No.31849, specifically those set forth in Section III-C, which applies to Categories B2 (where there is no Regulatory Plan incorporating the environmental variable validated by SETENA), B1, and A.” (Emphasis added). He also rejected the assertion that the risk to surface water and groundwater can be determined only through an environmental impact study, expressly stating: “(…) the appellant is incorrect in asserting that threats to groundwater and surface water resulting from the project’s operation can be determined only through an Environmental Impact Study, because, as shown on pages 42 through 49 of the Environmental Management Plan submitted, it analyzes the vulnerability of the water resources (groundwater and/or surface water) in the project area resulting from its operation. Those pages determine that vulnerability to contamination poses a moderate risk.
Furthermore, taking into account that, in addition to moderate vulnerability, the measures adopted by the company to prevent leachate from entering the soil through the use of geotextiles and other measures result in a low level of risk, the probability of groundwater and/or surface-water contamination is appreciably low. (…)”. Accordingly, based on that criterion, which, by virtue of its technical nature, cannot be refuted by this Court, the alleged violation of the fundamental rights invoked is ruled out. In the sub lite, it has been demonstrated that the environmental impact assessment of the project for the technical closure of the dump was conducted through the assessment instrument known as the Forecast–Environmental Management Plan (P-PGA), and that, on that basis, the Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental granted the project in question environmental viability (viabilidad ambiental) through Resolution No.1643-2008-SETENA of 03 de junio de 2008.
Thus, if the appellant believes that this particular instrument was inapplicable and that another should have been used instead, he must raise that issue through ordinary legal proceedings, where, with more extensive evidence, he may challenge that technical criterion. It should also be clarified that, although in Voto No. 2002-6782, issued at 15:29 on 9 de julio de 2002, this Chamber held that “ALL SANITARY LANDFILL PROJECTS MUST BE SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY,” it must not be overlooked that, in this particular case, the project concerns the technical closure of an existing garbage dump; consequently, the precedent in question would not apply. V.- CONCLUSION. In light of the foregoing considerations, the appeal must be dismissed. THEREFORE: The appeal is denied.” Consequently, from the excerpt quoted ut supra, this Constitutional Court finds that the matters discussed in this amparo proceeding are connected to the merits of the decision transcribed above, because both situations described concern the absence of an environmental impact study for the project undertaken by WPP Continental de Costa Rica regarding the destination and disposal of solid waste in the canton of Orotina, as well as the absence of a schedule of the activities to be carried out.
That precedent determined that the environmental impact assessment of the project for the technical closure of the dump was conducted through the assessment instrument known as the Forecast–Environmental Management Plan (P-PGA), and that, on that basis, the Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental granted the project in question environmental viability through Resolution No.1643-2008-SETENA of 03 de junio de 2008; furthermore, the existence of a schedule of the activities to be carried out was verified. Therefore, what this Chamber held in that judgment unquestionably applies to the present matter, and the appeal must consequently be denied as to these claims, as is hereby ordered.
IV.Regarding the community members’ knowledge of the project in question. With respect to this point, after analyzing the evidence submitted in the case file, this Court finds no violation of the petitioner’s fundamental rights. This conclusion is inferred from the reports submitted by the representatives of the respondent authorities—which are deemed to have been given under oath, with the consequences, including criminal penalties, provided for in Article 44 of the Law governing this Jurisdiction—and from the evidence submitted for resolution of the matter, which duly establishes that an Environmental Management Plan (Plan de Gestión Ambiental) was in fact prepared and submitted by the company developing the project. That plan shows that a survey was conducted in November 2007 regarding the Tigre community’s perception of the project. The sample consisted of 30 residents, representing 66.7% of the total population living in the settlement of Tigre, and addressed the residents’ local perception of the project, whether they were aware of the project’s possible construction, their opinion regarding the construction and operation of a sanitary landfill (relleno sanitario), the employment opportunities offered by the project, and the respondents’ concerns regarding its implementation.
Consequently, the petitioner’s argument that the community members were not informed during the processing of the aforementioned project is rejected. In view of the foregoing, this amparo action (recurso de amparo) must be dismissed, as is hereby ordered.
V.Conclusion. Accordingly, the alleged violation of Articles 49 and 50 of the Political Constitution is rejected. In view of the foregoing, the action must be dismissed in all respects.
Por tanto:
The action is hereby DISMISSED.
Gilbert Armijo S.
Acting President Ernesto Jinesta L.
Fernando Cruz C.
Fernando Castillo V.
Roxana Salazar C.
Jorge Araya G.
Jose Paulino Hernández G.
Telephone numbers: 2295-3696/2295-3697/2295-3698/2295-3700. Fax: 2295-3712. Website: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional
*110000570007CO* *110000570007CO* SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las diez horas y veinticinco minutos del tres de junio del dos mil once.
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente número 11-000057-0007-CO, interpuesto por JOHNNY FERNANDEZ VILLEGAS, cédula de identidad 0104720977, contra el ALCALDE DE LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE OROTINA Y EL SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LA SECRETARÍA TÉCNICA NACIONAL AMBIENTAL (SETENA).
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Cruz Castro; y,
Considerando:
I.Objeto del recurso. El recurrente acude en amparo del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Reclama, la Secretaría recurrida otorgó la viabilidad ambiental a un proyecto gestionado por la empresa WPP Continental de Costa Rica, sin exigir a la empresa gestionante un verdadero estudio de impacto ambiental, ni un cronograma de las actividades a desarrollar. Agrega, la tramitación del citado proyecto no se puso en conocimiento de los miembros de la comunidad.
II.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
Único.- se realizó un Plan de Gestión Ambiental presentado por la empresa desarrolladora del proyecto, donde se implementó una encuesta sobre la percepción que tenía la gente de la comunidad del Tigre sobre el proyecto en cuestión, el cual se realizó en noviembre de 2007. De dicha encuesta se sacaron muestras, correspondiente a 30 habitante, lo que corresponde al 66.7% del total de habitantes que viven en el poblado del Tigre. Se consultó sobre la percepción local del proyecto por parte de los habitantes del poblado; si tienen o no conocimiento sobre la eventual construcción del proyecto; la opinión sobre la construcción y operación de un relleno sanitario; sobre la oportunidad laboral que brinda el proyecto; y de las preocupaciones que tienen los encuestados sobre la realización del proyecto (folios 34 y 36 del expediente, y del
III.Sobre la viabilidad ambiental al proyecto gestionado por la empresa WPP Continental de Costa Rica para la construcción de un relleno sanitario en el Cantón de Orotina. El asunto referente al destino y disposición de los desechos sólidos en el cantón de Orotina, ha sido un tema de reiterado conocimiento por este Tribunal Constitucional, la resolución número 2011006336 de las 10:39 horas de 17 de mayo de 2011, sintetiza de forma global los principales pronunciamientos al respecto, la cual es aplicable al caso en cuestión, y dispuso:
“I.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. El recurrente acude en amparo del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. En concreto, reclama que para la construcción de un relleno sanitario en el cantón de Orotina, no se realizó un estudio de impacto ambiental tal y como lo establece el artículo 17 de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente. En ese sentido, reclama que producto de los lixiviados existe el riesgo de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas y superficiales, lo que solo se puede determinar con un estudio de impacto ambiental previo. II.- HECHOS PROBADOS. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
IV.Sobre el conocimiento de los miembros de la comunidad del proyecto en cuestión. En referencia a este punto, determina este Tribunal, después de analizar los elementos probatorios aportados al expediente, descarta la lesión a los derechos fundamentales del accionante. Lo anterior, se infiere de los informes rendidos por los representantes de las autoridades recurridas -que se tiene por dado bajo fe de juramento con las consecuencias, incluso penales, previstas en el artículo 44 de la Ley que rige esta Jurisdicción- y la prueba aportada para la resolución del asunto ha sido debidamente acreditado, efectivamente se realizó un Plan de Gestión Ambiental presentado por la empresa desarrolladora del proyecto se observa que se implementó una encuesta sobre la percepción que tenía la gente de la comunidad del Tigre sobre el proyecto, realizado en noviembre de 2007, de la cual se sacaron muestras, correspondiente a 30 habitante, lo que corresponde al 66.7% del total de habitantes que viven en el poblado del Tigre, en relación a la percepción local del proyecto por parte de los habitantes del poblado, sobre si tienen o no conocimiento sobre la eventual construcción del proyecto, sobre la opinión sobre la construcción y operación de un relleno sanitario, sobre la oportunidad laboral que brinda el proyecto, y sobre las preocupaciones que tienen los encuestados sobre la realización del proyecto.
En consecuencia de lo anterior, se descarta el argumento del amparado, referente a que durante la tramitación del citado proyecto, no se puso en conocimiento de los miembros de la comunidad. En mérito de lo efecto se ordena.
V.Corolario. En consecuencia, se rechaza la lesión a los artículos 49 y 50 de la Constitución Política. Por lo expuesto, lo procedente es declara sin lugar el recurso en todos sus extremos.
Por tanto:
Se declara SIN LUGAR el recurso.
Gilbert Armijo S.
Presidente a.i.
Ernesto Jinesta L.
Fernando Cruz C.
Fernando Castillo V.
Roxana Salazar C.
Jorge Araya G.
Jose Paulino Hernández G.
2295-3696/2295-3697/2295-3698/2295-3700. Fax: 2295-3712. Dirección electrónica: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional
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