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Res. 28841-2026 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 30/07/2026
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber denied the amparo, finding that the Municipality of Guácimo, the Ministry of Health, and MINAE conducted multiple inspections without establishing any institutional omission, and directing the petitioner to ordinary jurisdiction to contest the technical conclusions.La Sala declaró sin lugar el amparo al constatar que la Municipalidad de Guácimo, el Ministerio de Salud y el MINAE realizaron múltiples inspecciones sin acreditar omisión institucional, remitiendo al recurrente a la vía ordinaria para discutir su inconformidad con los criterios técnicos.
SummaryResumen
A property owner in Río Jiménez de Guácimo filed an amparo against the Municipality of Guácimo, the Ministry of Health, and MINAE, alleging that since October 2022 he had reported stormwater and sewage contamination flowing through a drainage ditch across his land without resolution. The Constitutional Chamber reviewed the actions of all three institutions and found that the Ministry of Health conducted four site inspections (2022–2026) without identifying a direct health hazard; the Municipality issued two technical reports concluding that flooding results from the property's lower topographic elevation relative to the public road—not from any municipal infrastructure failure; and MINAE properly routed the complaint to competent authorities. The Chamber denied the amparo, holding that no institutional omission was proven and that the petitioner's disagreement with technical conclusions is an ordinary legality dispute outside the scope of constitutional review.El recurrente interpuso amparo contra la Municipalidad de Guácimo, el Ministerio de Salud y el MINAE alegando que desde octubre de 2022 denunció problemas de contaminación por aguas pluviales y negras que discurren por un zanjón en su propiedad de Río Jiménez de Guácimo, Limón, sin que las autoridades dieran solución. La Sala examinó las actuaciones de las tres entidades y constató que el Ministerio de Salud realizó cuatro inspecciones (2022–2026) sin identificar afectación directa a la salud; la Municipalidad emitió dos informes técnicos (SIOP-1798-2025 y SIOP-509-2026) concluyendo que la inundación obedece a la topografía —la propiedad se ubica a cota inferior respecto de la vía pública— y no a falla de infraestructura municipal; y el MINAE trasladó la denuncia a las entidades competentes. La Sala declaró sin lugar el recurso al determinar que no existe omisión institucional acreditable, sino inconformidad del petente con criterios técnicos, lo que constituye un diferendo de legalidad ordinaria ajeno al amparo constitucional.
Key excerptExtracto clave
it is not possible to establish that there is currently any omission by the respondent authorities; rather, what is observed at bottom is the petitioner's disagreement with the conclusions and criteria issued by those agencies. Such disagreement, however, constitutes an ordinary legality dispute extraneous to the summary nature of the amparo process. Accordingly, if the petitioner does not agree with the respondent authorities' criteria, he must raise his arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or judicial bodies, where he may broadly litigate the merits and assert his claims. In environmental matters, it is this magistrate's view that once the Public Administration has already intervened, jurisdiction and resolution belong to the administrative contentious court. I do, however, enter the merits when other fundamental rights of persons affected by the contamination source are at stake—including health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution)—as is the case here, where the petitioner reports that since late 2022 he has complained of stormwater and sewage water flowing toward his property.no es posible acreditar que en este momento exista alguna omisión de las autoridades recurridas, sino que, en el fondo, lo que se observa es la inconformidad del tutelado con las conclusiones y criterios vertidos por tales dependencias; no obstante, tal aspecto constituye un diferendo de legalidad ordinaria ajeno a la naturaleza sumaria de este proceso de amparo. En ese tanto, si el recurrente no comparte los criterios de las autoridades recurridas, deberá plantear sus alegatos ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales comunes competentes, sedes en las que podrá discutir de forma amplia el fondo del asunto y hacer valer sus pretensiones. En asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente indica que desde finales de 2022 denunció problemas relativos a aguas pluviales y negras que discurren hacia su propiedad.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Las inundaciones son producto de la obstrucción del canal pluvial por parte del vecino ubicado aguas abajo, lo que impide el flujo natural de las aguas. No obstante, al no existir afectación directa sobre el camino público, este caso no compete a la Municipalidad de Guácimo en el ámbito de conservación vial. El asunto se enmarca en las disposiciones de la Ley de Aguas, al tratarse de un cauce natural que discurre por propiedades privadas."
"The flooding results from the downstream neighbor's obstruction of the stormwater channel, which prevents the natural flow of water. However, since there is no direct impact on the public road, this matter does not fall within the Municipality of Guácimo's road maintenance competence. The case falls under the provisions of the Water Law, as it involves a natural watercourse running through private properties."
Hecho Probado f / Informe SIOP-1798-2025
"Las inundaciones son producto de la obstrucción del canal pluvial por parte del vecino ubicado aguas abajo, lo que impide el flujo natural de las aguas. No obstante, al no existir afectación directa sobre el camino público, este caso no compete a la Municipalidad de Guácimo en el ámbito de conservación vial. El asunto se enmarca en las disposiciones de la Ley de Aguas, al tratarse de un cauce natural que discurre por propiedades privadas."
Hecho Probado f / Informe SIOP-1798-2025
"al momento de la inspección se concluye que no se encuentran problemas directos a la salud por el paso del caño con aguas pluviales y fluviales por la propiedad del señor Nombre01."
"at the time of the inspection it is concluded that no direct health problems are found as a result of the stormwater and fluvial water channel passing through the property."
Hecho Probado d / Informe técnico Ministerio de Salud, 10 de febrero de 2026
"al momento de la inspección se concluye que no se encuentran problemas directos a la salud por el paso del caño con aguas pluviales y fluviales por la propiedad del señor Nombre01."
Hecho Probado d / Informe técnico Ministerio de Salud, 10 de febrero de 2026
"es un problema que debe resolver la Municipalidad de Guácimo, porque, en esencia, con lo que se lee en el citado recurso, es un problema de aguas que buscan la mejor salida para afectar y ahí es una competencia de la Municipalidad, en el caso de que esta carretera sea de su rango de acción (cantonal) o en su defecto habría que hacer la consulta al Consejo Nacional de Viabilidad (CONAVI) encargado de las rutas nacionales."
"it is a problem that the Municipality of Guácimo must resolve, because, in essence, based on what is stated in the amparo petition, it is a problem of water seeking its outlet and that falls within the Municipality's competence—provided the road in question is within its cantonal jurisdiction—or otherwise the matter should be referred to the National Road Council (CONAVI) for national routes."
Informe del Contralor Ambiental MINAE (Olman Mora Navarro)
"es un problema que debe resolver la Municipalidad de Guácimo, porque, en esencia, con lo que se lee en el citado recurso, es un problema de aguas que buscan la mejor salida para afectar y ahí es una competencia de la Municipalidad, en el caso de que esta carretera sea de su rango de acción (cantonal) o en su defecto habría que hacer la consulta al Consejo Nacional de Viabilidad (CONAVI) encargado de las rutas nacionales."
Informe del Contralor Ambiental MINAE (Olman Mora Navarro)
Full documentDocumento completo
Document Review CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours twenty-five minutes on the thirtieth of July, two thousand twenty-six.
Amparo action (recurso de amparo) filed under case number 26-015424-0007-CO, brought by Nombre01, national identity card (cédula de identidad) CED02, against the MUNICIPALIDAD DE GUÁCIMO, the MINISTERIO DE SALUD, and the MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA (MINAE).
Findings:
1. By written petition incorporated into the case file on April 30, 2026, the petitioner filed the amparo action. He states that on October 4, 2022, he filed a complaint with the Health Administrative Area (Área Rectora de Salud) of Guácimo of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD, requesting field inspections of his property located in Limón, Río Jiménez de Guácimo, which has been affected by stormwater (aguas pluviales) and sewage (aguas negras) contamination flowing through a drainage ditch (zanja) that crosses the estate (fundo). He adds that the authorities of the said Ministry issued the document entitled "TRASLADO DENUNCIA #070-2022 POR COMPETENCIA," in which it was recorded: "it is evident that the problem originates from a ditch through which stormwater and surface runoff (escorrentía superficial) drain across several properties toward the public road, which has no outlet and is obstructed at its end.
Therefore, since this matter falls within municipal jurisdiction, we proceed to officially transfer it for the appropriate attention and follow-up." He states that, in connection with the foregoing, he made the appropriate submissions to the Council and the Department of Infrastructure Services and Public Works (SIOP), both of the Municipalidad de Guácimo. He explains that, with respect to his request, the secretary of the Concejo Municipal (Municipal Council) of that local government addressed the mayor by official letter SMG-496-2023 of May 10, 2023, in which it was noted: "REFERENCE: Transfer of official letter so that, within no more than eight days, a response may be provided regarding the petition submitted by Mr. Nombre01. For your information and corresponding purposes, I hereby transcribe the resolution adopted by the Concejo Municipal of the Cantón de Guácimo in the minutes of Sesión Ordinaria N° 32-2023, held on May 9, 2023, which reads as follows: RESOLUTION NO. TEN.
This Concejo Municipal, by unanimous vote, resolves: To transfer to the Municipal Mayor — Mr. Gerardo Fuentes González — the official letter submitted by Mr. Nombre01, national identity card CED01, resident of Río Jiménez, so that he may instruct Eng. Johnny Jiménez Rodríguez — Acting Coordinator of SIOP — to provide, within no more than eight days, a response to the petition submitted by Mr. Nombre01, which refers to a solution to the problem of sewage or stormwater that, as he states, originates from the entire community, allegedly because the main road was paved and provided with drainage infrastructure and the water was given no outlet, causing flooding of his property. This collegial body is to be kept informed of the ruling issued in this regard. APPROVED UNANIMOUSLY. RESOLUTION IN EFFECT. DEFINITIVELY APPROVED." Likewise, the secretary of the Concejo de Guácimo sent him document Official Letter SMG-666-2023 of June 15, 2023, in which he was informed: "REFERENCE: Transfer of official letter SIOP-467-2023 in response to your request regarding a solution to the problem of sewage or stormwater.
For your information and corresponding purposes, I hereby transcribe the resolution adopted by the Concejo Municipal of the Cantón de Guácimo in the minutes of Sesión Ordinaria N° 40-2023, held on June 13, 2023, which reads as follows: RESOLUTION NO. NINE. This Concejo Municipal, by unanimous vote, resolves: To transfer to Mr. Nombre01, national identity card CED01, resident of Río Jiménez, official letter SIOP-467-2023, signed by Eng. Johnny Jiménez Rodríguez — Acting Coordinator of SIOP — in response to his request regarding a solution to the problem of sewage or stormwater, in which it is noted that an on-site inspection was carried out and a response was issued on November 21, 2022, and that due to the department's workload, the corresponding follow-up works have not been carried out; however, coordination efforts are underway and, on May 15, 2023, a second inspection was conducted at the neighboring properties in order to contact the owners and redirect the water flow so as to resolve the problem.
APPROVED UNANIMOUSLY. RESOLUTION IN EFFECT. DEFINITIVELY APPROVED." He further details that he subsequently filed a complaint with MINAE, which was assigned the number CA-355-2026-Denuncia web-32860, and that, in connection with the foregoing, the Environmental Comptroller (Contralor Ambiental) requested the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo to do the following: "• To send the corresponding report to this Environmental Comptroller's Office (Contraloría Ambiental) through one of the electronic means indicated in this letter. In compliance with Opinion PGR C-195-2019 and specifically Directive 011-2019 issued by the Minister of Environment and Energy, you are hereby requested to submit your action/resolution report within a maximum period of 60 business days. • It is also suggested that coordination be undertaken with the Acueductos y Alcantarillados of the area, given that the issues involve wastewater (aguas servidas) and drainage." He states that through document CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0157 2026 of February 2, 2026, the director of the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD informed the environmental officer of MINAE of the actions taken to address the reported problem.
He notes that, being dissatisfied with the technical report issued by that Ministry, he filed an appeal and requested a second field inspection, in which he alleged: "• Inconsistency between what was reported and the actual field conditions. • The study lacks further analysis; the inspectors did not enter to observe the affected area comprehensively, precisely, and in detail. • They limited themselves to questioning the neighbors and did not assess the existing situation. • Downstream neighbors are blocking the passage through the channel (caño), causing waterlogging (suampo) on my property. • They did not observe that the neighbor next door (the daughter of Mrs. Nombre02) discharges bathroom and sink water into that same ditch of contaminated water. The appropriate measures were not taken. • I am experiencing serious damage to the property due to the obstruction and non-passage of water downstream. • The quantity and flow of water running through the channel varies according to the intensity of rainfall and the climatic conditions of the area. • Conditions exist at the site that generate water accumulation, foul odors, and potential sources of contamination. • They were unable to definitively determine the final discharge point of the waters."; however, his appeal was rejected.
He states that, according to MINAE's assessment, the Municipalidad de Guácimo is the entity primarily responsible for providing a solution to the reported problem. He claims that, despite the foregoing, the respondent municipality has evaded its responsibility, as has the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD. He maintains that none of the respondent institutions has resolved the reported contamination problem. He considers that the situation described violates his fundamental rights. He requests that the action be granted.
2. By resolution issued at 11:09 hours on May 26, 2026, the President of the Chamber admitted the case and requested reports from the mayor, the president of the Concejo Municipal, and the head of the Department of Infrastructure Services and Public Works (SIOP), all of the Municipalidad de Guácimo; as well as from the director of the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD and from the Environmental Comptroller of the MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA (MINAE).
3. By written submission incorporated into the case file on June 3, 2026, Beatriz Mora Valverde and Nelson Lobo Rodríguez, mayor and president of the Concejo Municipal, respectively, both of the Municipalidad de Guácimo, report: "FIRST. It is important to note that the amparo action filed under case number 26-015424-0007-CO, as it concerns apparent problems with stormwater, sewage contamination, and wastewater, would involve matters that by their nature do not fall within the competencies assigned to the Concejo Municipal under Article 13 of the Código Municipal. It is therefore brought to the attention of the Constitutional Chamber that, with respect to the submissions made by Mr. Nombre01 before the Concejo Municipal de Guácimo, those submissions were handled by the Concejo Municipal with diligence, initially requesting the Administrative Area to assess the situation and present the corresponding reports; once this was done, the Municipal Council proceeded by resolution to respond to the interested party.
In this regard, the Concejo Municipal de Guácimo, in its time, through Resolution No. 9, adopted at Sesión Ordinaria N° 40-2023, held on June 13, 2023, responded to Mr. Nombre01; likewise, through Resolution No. 27 of Sesión Ordinaria N° 07-2026, held on February 3, 2026, the matter was attended to in accordance with the terms of official letter SIOP-1798-2025, issued by the Administrative Area of this Municipality. Therefore, as can be seen, with respect to the Concejo Municipal de Guácimo, all submissions have been duly answered, and the work of assessment and field inspection are tasks belonging to the Administrative Area, which is under the direction of the Office of the Municipal Mayor. SECOND. With respect to the complaint of the petitioner regarding alleged contamination by wastewater and sewage, which would constitute an apparent improper disposal of such waters by other property owners, this is an aspect that, in our view, must be addressed — or at least led — by the local authorities of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
In this regard, the Ley General de Salud regulates, in several articles (285-287-288-290-292), the competencies of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD with respect to the proper management of sewage and wastewater; furthermore, the legal framework (ordenamiento jurídico) grants that Ministry a series of tools so that, in cases where a violation of the Ley General de Salud and other instruments regulating the Ministry's powers is established, it may issue the respective sanitary orders to the violators. Therefore, the apparent contamination by sewage and wastewater alleged by the petitioner is a matter that falls within the purview of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD, which, among the procedures and techniques it uses to identify the source of contamination within a given dwelling, employs liquids of different colors, in addition to having personnel trained to identify such violations. THIRD. With regard to the problems alleged by the petitioner concerning stormwater damage, it is important to note that this Municipality, under the responsibility of the professionals of the Department of Infrastructure Services and Public Works (SIOP) — the department in charge of road infrastructure — has recently carried out a series of field inspections as well as the corresponding technical analysis.
Thus, although the petitioner apparently did not mention it in his amparo action, in 2025 the SIOP Department issued a technical report, which was communicated directly to the interested party by that Department; this means that the submission made by the petitioner must be considered answered. FOURTH. Through official letter SIOP-509-2026, following new field inspections and the respective analyses, a new technical assessment was issued by the Department of Infrastructure Services and Public Works of this Municipality, which reiterates and confirms that the property of Mr. Nombre01 is situated at a lower elevation level (cota) relative to the level of the public road and the neighboring lots, a condition that promotes the reception and accumulation of surface runoff from areas at higher elevations within the drainage basin; in this regard, from a hydraulic standpoint, the flow of surface water follows the natural slopes of the terrain, moving from higher to lower areas; consequently, upon confirming that the petitioner's property is located below road level, this constitutes a determining factor in the accumulation of water during heavy rainfall events.
In this context, the existing drainage infrastructure on the public road is intended to adequately channel the waters that naturally converge toward the stormwater system and to preserve the stability of the road, and does not involve the generation of additional inflow toward private properties. In connection with this, it is important to note that the situation described in official letter SIOP-509-2026 of June 1, 2026, had already been analyzed by this Administration through Report SIOP-1798-2025 of October 29, 2025, in which the corresponding assessment was carried out and conclusions were drawn from the on-site inspection; this report was communicated to Mr. Nombre01 directly by the SIOP Department. In this regard, even though Mr. Nombre01 apparently omitted any reference in his amparo action to the response provided by the Municipality through official letter SIOP-1798-2025, this is something that did occur and demonstrates that each time the interested party has made a request, this Municipality has conducted the corresponding field inspections and technical assessments.
Therefore, reports SIOP-1798-2025 and SIOP-509-2026 have identified that the problem reported by Mr. Nombre01 occurs within private properties and is attributable to the natural characteristics of the terrain, with no damage attributable to municipal road infrastructure being identified; likewise, it is reiterated that the location of the petitioner's property at a lower elevation than the public road and surrounding lots promotes the natural accumulation of water during rainfall events; the appropriate course of action is therefore for the property owner to carry out cleaning and maintenance works within his property, as well as basic drainage improvements, taking into account the natural conditions of the terrain (…) Therefore, in the case of Mr. Nombre01, the stormwater problems he mentions do not originate at the point where water from the public road connects and enters his property, since that point provides adequate space; on the contrary, according to the petitioner's own account, the problem with the water is occurring at interior points within his property and apparently due to the actions of another property owner in the same area; in these cases the Municipalidad de Guácimo cannot spend public resources to carry out various works indiscriminately within private properties; nor does it fall within our jurisdiction to resolve potential disputes between neighboring landowners, which would be matters of private law." 4.
By written submission incorporated into the case file on June 3, 2026, Say Leng Sang Almanza, director of the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD, reports: "FIRST: With all due respect, I must inform this Court that, based on the information contained in the files maintained in the official administrative case record of this Health Administrative Area, it can be stated that what the petitioner has said is correct, insofar as, on October 4, 2022, he filed a complaint requesting the carrying out of field inspections at his property located in Río Jiménez de Guácimo, alleging the existence of damage due to contamination originating from stormwater and sewage flowing through a ditch that crosses his property. He also states in the filing of the amparo action before us that this Health Administrative Area has failed to address what was reported. SECOND: As this Court will be able to observe, based on the evidentiary elements I submit in my defense, what the petitioner has stated is not accurate, since, as shown in the case file, on October 10, 2022, the officials assigned to the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo proceeded to carry out an inspection of the site reported by the petitioner.
Thus, through the on-site inspection report (Acta de Inspección ocular) drawn up by hand at the scene, designated MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-sin número-2022, which I submit as evidence, they state, insofar as relevant, verbatim: '…a ditch is observed that drains stormwater and runoff across several properties toward the public road… It is recommended that the matter be referred to the Municipalidad de Guácimo, as it is the institution legally competent to provide a comprehensive response to the matter under discussion.' I submit as evidence a copy of official letter MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0908-2022 of November 15, 2022, by which the reported situation was transferred and brought to the attention of the authorities of the Municipalidad de Guácimo. Mr. Nombre01 was informed of all actions taken through the respective copy, as shown in the case file (see folios 0001 to 00015). In the same vein, I must bring to the attention of this Court that the case file contains a request submitted by Máster Olman Mora Navarro, in his capacity as Environmental Comptroller of the MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA, under official letter CA-355-2026-Denuncia-web-32860, which was not notified to this regulatory body by the complainant, requesting that the matter reported by the petitioner before that body be addressed in order to verify whether there is any harm to health caused by stormwater, flooding, foul odors, and vector proliferation, and to submit the report within a maximum period of 60 business days.
The request made by Mr. Olman Mora Navarro was attended to diligently and promptly by the officials assigned to the Health Administrative Area of Guácimo, in accordance with institutional competencies. I submit as evidence a copy of the on-site inspection report (Acta de Inspección Ocular) of January 27, 2026, which states precisely, and I quote verbatim: '…upon conducting the respective inspection, it was observed that on the property of Mr. Nombre01, there is a channel through which stormwater and apparently river water flows, running from west to east, crossing more than 200 meters upstream and flowing through several properties, crossing the public road and continuing through the petitioner's property…' This is confirmed by technical-professional report CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0138-2026 of January 28, 2026 (see folios 000026 to 000031), and a response was issued to the Environmental Comptroller by official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0157-2026, with the corresponding notification (see folios 000036 to 000040).
The acting officials, Máster Yendry Sánchez Bonilla, Lic. Eduardo Vilarreal Salquera, and Lic. Alejandra Chavarría Corella, state through Letter MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0209-2026 of February 10, 2026, under the authority of the institution of public faith (fe pública), that '…at the time of the inspection, no direct health problems were observed as a result of the passage of the channel with stormwater and river water through the property of Mr. Nombre01.' (see folio 000049). I respectfully bring to the attention of this Court that the request made by the Environmental Tribunal was addressed ex officio and diligently through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0157-2026 of February 2, 2026, addressed to Máster Olman Mora Navarro of the Environmental Comptroller's Office of the MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA, as shown in the case file with a copy sent to the complainant, which I submit as evidence in my defense.
The administrative case file contains a record of the objection submitted by the petitioner against the findings in Action Report CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0157-2026, which, in order to better resolve the matter, prompted this Directorate to conduct another sanitary inspection at the site, resulting in the technical opinion issued by officials Máster Yendry Sánchez Bonilla, Lic. Eduardo Villareal Salquera, and Lic. Alejandra Chavarría Corella, assigned to the institutional process of Health Regulation of the Directorate of the Health Administrative Area Guácimo, who reported through technical-professional report CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0209-2026 that '…at the time of the inspection, the conclusion was reached that there are no direct health problems as a result of the passage of the channel with stormwater and river water through the property of Mr. Nombre01.'; with a response issued by official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0219-2026, notified to the Environmental Comptroller, Máster Olman Mora Navarro (see folios 000048 to 000056).
As a corollary to the attention provided to the reported matter, it is important to state before this Honorable Court that, upon being informed of the filing of the present amparo action against me, a visit was again made on May 29, 2026, to the site at the assigned address, managing to verify that, at the time of the inspection, no contamination by sewage, wastewater, or waste could be found in the channel that crosses the property of Mr. Nombre01. The foregoing is documented in Technical Report CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0969-2026 of May 29, 2026 (see folios 000071 to 000085), addressed to me as Director of the Health Administrative Area Guácimo, which I incorporated at the end of the detailed and chronological report sent to my Regional Director, Dr. Alexander Salas, through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0970-2026 of May 29, 2026, noting that we hold public faith in our institutional work (see folios 000071 to 000097).
THIRD: Considering that the actions of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD are governed by its competence to carry out actions directed at applying the standards established in the current legal framework. To that end, reference is made to a query conducted on the public platform Google Maps, which evidences the existence of a body of water at the reported site, confirming what was stated by neighbors who, during the inspection, claimed that channels have crossed through that property for over 40 years (see folio 000088). Furthermore, it is public knowledge that there is no sanitary sewage service provided by the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ICAA) at that site or in any district of the cantón of Guácimo. Based on the foregoing, it is the undersigned's view that the case, given its specific nature, must be addressed comprehensively by the authorities of the MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA, as recommended in action report CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0157-2026 of February 2, 2026, as well as in coordination with the Municipalidad de Guácimo regarding the interventions carried out on the public road.
FOURTH: By way of conclusion, I wish to state before this Honorable Court that the situation reported in the present amparo action must be precisely addressed and a solution provided as required by law, both by the officials of the Municipalidad de Guácimo and by the authorities of MINAE, including the Water Directorate (Dirección de Aguas). This is necessary in order to establish the appropriate course of action, given that this involves a permanent watercourse (cauce de aguas permanente) running through that property and other adjacent properties that were subdivided and sold over the years. Based on the existing evidence, it is fully demonstrated that the MINISTERIO DE SALUD has acted diligently and promptly, since the responsible authorities were notified ex officio of the reported situation. It is of interest to note that the actions of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD have been timely and in keeping with the powers granted by law in its operations.
Furthermore, the reported matter has been attended to diligently and promptly, respecting the complainant's rights throughout the process, since all actions taken in response to the reported problem have been timely communicated to him. For all the foregoing reasons, the filing of the present amparo action against the authorities of the MINISTERIO DE SALUD is therefore inadmissible, since, as has been demonstrated through the preparation of this report, we have acted promptly and in accordance with the powers established in the regulations governing our operations."
The opinion is authored by Justice Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
Prior to analyzing the merits of the writ, it should be clarified that, following ruling No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction (jurisdicción contencioso administrativa)—with certain exceptions—those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has complied with the time limits set by the Ley General de la Administración Pública (Articles 261 and 325) or by sector-specific laws for special administrative proceedings, in order to resolve an administrative proceeding—initiated ex officio or at the request of a party—by a final act and to hear the applicable administrative appeals. This case presents precisely one of those exceptions, as it involves a complaint regarding alleged public health problems affecting the protected party (tutelado).
The petitioner (recurrente) alleges that since late 2022 he has filed complaints regarding problems related to stormwater (aguas pluviales) and sewage (aguas negras) flowing onto his property. He claims that the respondent authorities (autoridades recurridas) have still not resolved the situation.
The following facts are considered duly established as relevant to the decision in this matter, either because they have been substantiated or because the respondent authority failed to address them, as required by the initial order (auto inicial):
Regarding the authorities of the Ministry of Health:
Regarding the Municipalidad de Guácimo:
The existing drainage infrastructure on the public road is intended to properly channel the water that naturally converges toward the stormwater system and to preserve the stability of the roadway, without generating additional contributions to private properties. Additionally, it is important to note that the situation described was already analyzed by this Administration in Report SIOP-1798-2025, dated October 29, 2025, in which the corresponding assessment was made and conclusions were drawn from the on-site inspection. That report established that the problem occurs within private properties and is a result of the natural terrain conditions, with no impact attributable to municipal road infrastructure being identified. It is likewise reiterated that the location of the property, at a lower elevation than the public road and surrounding land, promotes the natural accumulation of water during rainfall events.
In light of the foregoing, the conclusions previously issued by this Administration are upheld. Finally, it is recommended that the property owner undertake cleaning and maintenance actions within his property, as well as basic drainage adaptation, taking into account the natural conditions of the terrain. It is also important to note that, pursuant to Article 20 of the Ley General de Caminos Públicos, owners of properties adjoining public roads are responsible for ensuring that their interventions do not affect road infrastructure or alter the proper management of stormwater, and they must adopt the necessary measures within their property for the control of surface drainage and the mitigation of impacts arising from the natural conditions of the terrain." (Report of the respondent authority and documentary evidence).
Regarding MINAE:
In the matter at hand, the petitioner alleges that since late 2022 he has filed complaints regarding problems related to stormwater and sewage flowing onto his property. He claims that the respondent authorities have still not resolved the situation.
From the review of the case file, it is established that on October 4, 2022, the petitioner filed a complaint with the respondent Health Governing Area, alleging contamination of his property by stormwater and sewage. On October 10, 2022, the respondent health authority conducted an on-site inspection and concluded: "a drainage ditch is observed that drains stormwater and surface runoff from several properties toward the public road… It is recommended that the matter be referred to the Municipalidad de Guácimo, as it is the institution legally competent to provide a comprehensive response to the issue under discussion." This situation was transferred to the respondent municipality on November 15, 2022. In 2026, MINAE's environmental comptroller requested another assessment from the respondent Health Governing Area, and an inspection was conducted on January 27, 2026; however, the conclusion was: "at the time of the inspection, no direct health problems were observed from the passage of the drainage channel carrying stormwater and river water through the property of Mr.
Nombre01." Due to the petitioner's dissatisfaction, the Health Governing Area conducted a new inspection; however, the technical report of February 10, 2026 recorded: "at the time of the inspection, it is concluded that no direct health problems are found from the passage of the drainage channel carrying stormwater and river water through the property of Mr. Nombre01." On May 29, 2026, the respondent authority conducted another inspection and likewise found no problem related to any type of contamination from sewage. On October 28, 2025, the respondent municipality conducted an on-site inspection and, through report No. SIOP-1798-2025, concluded: "The flooding results from the obstruction of the stormwater channel by a downstream neighbor, which prevents the natural flow of water. However, since there is no direct impact on the public road, this matter does not fall within the Municipalidad de Guácimo's scope of road maintenance.
The matter falls under the provisions of the Ley de Aguas, as it involves a natural watercourse running through private properties." Through technical report No. SIOP-509-2026 of June 1, 2026, the Public Works Infrastructure Services Department of the respondent municipality detailed: "In response to the situation reported regarding the presence and accumulation of stormwater on the property of Mr. Nombre01, the corresponding technical assessment of the existing site conditions was carried out. As a result of the inspection conducted, it was determined that the property under analysis is located at a lower elevation than the public road and neighboring properties, a condition that promotes the reception and accumulation of surface runoff from areas at greater elevation within the watershed. From a hydraulic standpoint, the surface water flow follows the natural slopes of the terrain, moving from higher to lower areas.
Consequently, the location of the property below the level of the road is a determining factor in the accumulation of water during heavy rainfall events. The existing drainage infrastructure on the public road is intended to properly channel the water that naturally converges toward the stormwater system and to preserve the stability of the roadway, without generating additional contributions to private properties. Additionally, it is important to note that the situation described was already analyzed by this Administration in Report SIOP-1798-2025, dated October 29, 2025, in which the corresponding assessment was made and conclusions were drawn from the on-site inspection. That report established that the problem occurs within private properties and is a result of the natural terrain conditions, with no impact attributable to municipal road infrastructure being identified. It is likewise reiterated that the location of the property, at a lower elevation than the public road and surrounding land, promotes the natural accumulation of water during rainfall events.
In light of the foregoing, the conclusions previously issued by this Administration are upheld. Finally, it is recommended that the property owner undertake cleaning and maintenance actions within his property, as well as basic drainage adaptation, taking into account the natural conditions of the terrain. It is also important to note that, pursuant to Article 20 of the Ley General de Caminos Públicos, owners of properties adjoining public roads are responsible for ensuring that their interventions do not affect road infrastructure or alter the proper management of stormwater, and they must adopt the necessary measures within their property for the control of surface drainage and the mitigation of impacts arising from the natural conditions of the terrain." MINAE's respondent authorities received the petitioner's complaint on November 30, 2025. On January 26, 2026, MINAE's comptroller forwarded the complaint to the respondent Health Governing Area, which responded through official communication No. CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0219-2026 of February 11, 2026, describing the steps taken and the conclusions of the case.
From this overview, prima facie there is no situation that, at this time, warrants intervention by this constitutional jurisdiction.
In this regard, there is no evidence that the complaints filed by the petitioner have been disregarded by the respondent authorities, as the sworn reports and the elements on record attest to various steps and actions taken to assess the situation in question.
First, with respect to the Health Governing Area of Guácimo, it is noted that since late 2022 the corresponding inspections were initiated to determine whether there was any problem related to sewage on the property; however, in the various proceedings conducted in October 2022, as well as on January 27, February 10, and May 29 of 2026, it was not possible to establish any irregularity or health-related impact.
For its part, the respondent municipality also carried out the corresponding inspections and assessments, both in October of the previous year and in June of the current year. Notably, in the most recent report, No. SIOP-509-2026 of June 1, 2026, the Public Works Infrastructure Services Department of the respondent municipality detailed that the situation is not attributable to any problem with the public road or to any circumstance within the municipality's purview, as it expressly stated: "(…) As a result of the inspection conducted, it was determined that the property under analysis is located at a lower elevation than the public road and neighboring properties, a condition that promotes the reception and accumulation of surface runoff from areas at greater elevation within the watershed. From a hydraulic standpoint, the surface water flow follows the natural slopes of the terrain, moving from higher to lower areas.
Consequently, the location of the property below the level of the road is a determining factor in the accumulation of water during heavy rainfall events. The existing drainage infrastructure on the public road is intended to properly channel the water that naturally converges toward the stormwater system and to preserve the stability of the roadway, without generating additional contributions to private properties. Additionally, it is important to note that the situation described was already analyzed by this Administration in Report SIOP-1798-2025, dated October 29, 2025, in which the corresponding assessment was made and conclusions were drawn from the on-site inspection. That report established that the problem occurs within private properties and is a result of the natural terrain conditions, with no impact attributable to municipal road infrastructure being identified. It is likewise reiterated that the location of the property, at a lower elevation than the public road and surrounding land, promotes the natural accumulation of water during rainfall events.
In light of the foregoing, the conclusions previously issued by this Administration are upheld. Finally, it is recommended that the property owner undertake cleaning and maintenance actions within his property, as well as basic drainage adaptation, taking into account the natural conditions of the terrain. It is also important to note that, pursuant to Article 20 of the Ley General de Caminos Públicos, owners of properties adjoining public roads are responsible for ensuring that their interventions do not affect road infrastructure or alter the proper management of stormwater, and they must adopt the necessary measures within their property for the control of surface drainage and the mitigation of impacts arising from the natural conditions of the terrain." In the same vein, MINAE's authorities forwarded the complaints submitted to them to the competent health and municipal authorities, who, as noted above, carried out the respective assessments based on technical criteria.
In light of the foregoing, it is not possible to establish that there is currently any omission on the part of the respondent authorities; rather, what is apparent in substance is the protected party's dissatisfaction with the conclusions and criteria issued by those agencies. However, that aspect constitutes an ordinary legality dispute outside the summary nature of this amparo proceeding. Accordingly, if the petitioner disagrees with the criteria of the respondent authorities, he must raise his arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or judicial forums, where he may fully discuss the merits of the matter and assert his claims.
Ergo, the writ is dismissed.
In environmental matters, it is this Justice's view that, where the Public Administration has already intervened, knowledge and resolution of the matter falls within the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. However, this Justice does examine the merits when other rights of those affected by the source of contamination are at stake, including the right to health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as is the case here, in which the petitioner states that since late 2022 he has filed complaints regarding problems related to stormwater and sewage flowing onto his property. He claims that the respondent authorities have still not resolved the situation.
The parties are advised that, if they have submitted any documents in paper form, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology device, these must be retrieved from the court's offices within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from notification of this ruling. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial," approved by Corte Plena in session N°27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial in session N°43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The writ is dismissed. Justice Salazar Alvarado appends a note.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L. Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G. Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Phone numbers: Telf01/ ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección01, Dirección02, 100 mts. Sur de la iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro).
Revisión del Documento SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinticinco minutos del treinta de julio de dos mil veintiseis .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en el expediente nro. 26-015424-0007-CO, interpuesto por Nombre01, cédula de identidad CED02, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE GUÁCIMO, el MINISTERIO DE SALUD y el MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGÍA (MINAE).
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,
Considerando:
De previo a analizar el fondo del recurso, debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia No. 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa – con algunas excepciones– aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la administración pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo – instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte– conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en este caso, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues, se está ante una denuncia relativa a presuntos problemas sanitarios que afectan a la parte tutelada.
El recurrente acusa que desde finales de 2022 denunció problemas relativos a aguas pluviales y negras que discurren hacia su propiedad. Alega que las autoridades recurridas aún no han resuelto la situación.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
Respecto de las autoridades del Ministerio de Salud:
Respecto de la Municipalidad de Guácimo:
En consecuencia, la ubicación del inmueble por debajo del nivel de la calle constituye un factor determinante en la acumulación de aguas durante eventos de lluvia intensa. La infraestructura de drenaje existente en la vía publica tiene coma finalidad conducir adecuadamente las aguas que naturalmente convergen hacia el sistema pluvial y preservar la estabilidad de la carretera, sin implicar la generación de aportes adicionales hacia propiedades privadas. Adicionalmente, es importante señalar que la situación expuesta ya fue analizada par esta Administración mediante el Informe SIOP-1798-2025, de fecha 29 de octubre de 2025, en el cual se realizó la valoración correspondiente y se emitieron las conclusiones derivadas de la inspección en el sitio. En dicho informe se estableció que la problemática se presenta dentro de propiedades privadas y responde a las condiciones propias del terreno, sin identificarse afectación atribuible a infraestructura vial municipal.
Asimismo, se reitera que la ubicación de la propiedad, a una cota inferior respecto al nivel de la vía pública y de los terrenes circundantes, favorece la acumulación natural de aguas durante eventos de lluvia. En virtud de lo anterior, se mantienen las conclusiones previamente emitidas por esta Administración. Finalmente, se recomienda que el propietario realice acciones de limpieza y mantenimiento dentro de su propiedad, así como la adecuación básica del drenaje, tomando en cuenta las condiciones naturales del terreno. Asimismo, es importante indicar que, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 20 de la Ley General de Caminos Públicos, corresponde a los propietarios de inmuebles colindantes con vías públicas garantizar que sus intervenciones no afecten la infraestructura vial ni alteren el adecuado manejo de las aguas pluviales, debiendo adoptar las medidas necesarias dentro de su propiedad para el control del drenaje superficial y la mitigación de impactos derivados de las condiciones propias del terreno.”. (Informe de la autoridad recurrida y prueba documental).
Respecto del MINAE:
En el sub lite, el recurrente acusa que desde finales de 2022 denunció problemas relativos a aguas pluviales y negras que discurren hacia su propiedad. Alega que las autoridades recurridas aún no han resuelto la situación.
Del estudio de los autos se tiene por demostrado que, el 4 de octubre de 2022, el accionante presentó una denuncia ante el Área Rectora de Salud recurrida, alegando la existencia de contaminación en su propiedad por aguas pluviales y aguas negras. El 10 de octubre de 2022, la autoridad sanitaria accionada realizó una inspección en el sitio y concluyó: “se observa un zanjo que evacua aguas pluviales y de escorrentía, por varias propiedades hacia la vía pública…Se recomienda remitir el asunto, ante la Municipalidad de Guácimo, por cuanto resulta ser la institución competente por ley, para brindar un abordaje integral al asunto en discusión”. Tal situación fue trasladada a la municipalidad recurrida el 15 de noviembre de 2022. En 2026, el contralor ambiental de MINAE solicitó al Área Rectora de Salud accionada otra valoración, por lo que se realizó una inspección el 27 de enero de 2026; no obstante, se concluyó: “al momento de la inspección no se observó problemas directos a la salud por el paso del caño con aguas pluviales y fluviales por la propiedad del señor Nombre01.”.
Ante la inconformidad del gestionante, el Área Rectora de Salud realizó una nueva inspección; sin embargo, a través del informe técnico de 10 de febrero de 2026, se consignó: “al momento de la inspección se concluye que no se encuentran problemas directos a la salud por el paso del caño con aguas pluviales y fluviales por la propiedad del señor Nombre01.”. El 29 de mayo de 2026, la autoridad recurrida realizó otra inspección y tampoco constató problema alguno relacionado con algún tipo de contaminación por aguas negras. El 28 de octubre de 2025, la municipalidad accionada realizó una inspección en el sitio y mediante el informe nro. SIOP-1798-2025, concluyó: “Las inundaciones son producto de la obstrucción del canal pluvial por parte del vecino ubicado aguas abajo, lo que impide el flujo natural de las aguas. No obstante, al no existir afectación directa sobre el camino público, este caso no compete a la Municipalidad de Guácimo en el ámbito de conservación vial.
El asunto se enmarca en las disposiciones de la Ley de Aguas, al tratarse de un cauce natural que discurre por propiedades privadas.”. Mediante el informe técnico nro. SIOP-509-2026 de 1° de junio de 2026, el Departamento de Servicios de Infraestructura de Obra Pública de la municipalidad recurrida detalló: “En atención a la situación reportada respecto a la presencia y acumulación de aguas pluviales en la propiedad del senior Nombre01, se realizó la valoración técnica correspondiente de las condiciones existentes en el sitio. Como resultado de la inspección efectuada, se determine que la propiedad objeto de análisis se ubica a un nivel inferior con respecto al nivel de la vía pública y de los terrenos vecinos, condición que favorece la recepción y acumulación de escorrentías superficiales provenientes de áreas con mayor elevación dentro de la cuenca. Desde el punto de vista hidráulico, el flujo de aguas superficiales sigue las pendientes naturales del terreno, desplazándose desde las zonas más altas hacia las más bajas.
En consecuencia, la ubicación del inmueble por debajo del nivel de la calle constituye un factor determinante en la acumulación de aguas durante eventos de lluvia intensa. La infraestructura de drenaje existente en la vía publica tiene coma finalidad conducir adecuadamente las aguas que naturalmente convergen hacia el sistema pluvial y preservar la estabilidad de la carretera, sin implicar la generación de aportes adicionales hacia propiedades privadas. Adicionalmente, es importante señalar que la situación expuesta ya fue analizada par esta Administración mediante el Informe SIOP-1798-2025, de fecha 29 de octubre de 2025, en el cual se realizó la valoración correspondiente y se emitieron las conclusiones derivadas de la inspección en el sitio. En dicho informe se estableció que la problemática se presenta dentro de propiedades privadas y responde a las condiciones propias del terreno, sin identificarse afectación atribuible a infraestructura vial municipal.
Asimismo, se reitera que la ubicación de la propiedad, a una cota inferior respecto al nivel de la vía pública y de los terrenes circundantes, favorece la acumulación natural de aguas durante eventos de lluvia. En virtud de lo anterior, se mantienen las conclusiones previamente emitidas por esta Administración. Finalmente, se recomienda que el propietario realice acciones de limpieza y mantenimiento dentro de su propiedad, así como la adecuación básica del drenaje, tomando en cuenta las condiciones naturales del terreno. Asimismo, es importante indicar que, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 20 de la Ley General de Caminos Públicos, corresponde a los propietarios de inmuebles colindantes con vías públicas garantizar que sus intervenciones no afecten la infraestructura vial ni alteren el adecuado manejo de las aguas pluviales, debiendo adoptar las medidas necesarias dentro de su propiedad para el control del drenaje superficial y la mitigación de impactos derivados de las condiciones propias del terreno.”.
Las autoridades recurridas del MINAE recibieron la denuncia del accionante el 30 de noviembre de 2025. El 26 de enero de 2026, el contralor del MINAE remitió la denuncia al Área Rectora de Salud recurrida, quien respondió a través del oficio nro. CARTA-MS-DRRSHC-DARSG-0219-2026 de 11 de febrero de 2026, señalando las labores realizadas y conclusiones del caso.
Desde este panorama, prima facie se descarta alguna situación que, en este momento, amerite la intervención de esta jurisdicción constitucional.
Al respecto, no se verifica que las denuncias incoadas por el accionante hayan sido desatendidas por parte de las autoridades recurridas, pues de lo informado bajo juramento y de los elementos que constan en los autos se acreditan distintas diligencias y acciones para valorar la situación de marras.
En primer lugar, en cuanto al Área Rectora de Salud de Guácimo, se observa que desde finales de 2022 se iniciaron las inspecciones correspondientes para determinar si había alguna problemática relacionada con aguas negras en la propiedad; sin embargo, en las distintas diligencias que se efectuaron en octubre de 2022; así como el 27 de enero, 10 de febrero y 29 de mayo, todos de 2026, no fue posible constatar alguna irregularidad o afectación sanitaria.
Por su parte, la municipalidad recurrida también realizó las inspecciones y valoraciones respectivabs, tanto en octubre del año anterior como en junio del año en curso. Así, en el último informe nro. SIOP-509-2026 de 1° de junio de 2026, el Departamento de Servicios de Infraestructura de Obra Pública de la municipalidad recurrida detalló que la situación no obedece a algún problema del camino público o a una circunstancia de injerencia municipal, pues expresamente se indicó: “(…) Como resultado de la inspección efectuada, se determine que la propiedad objeto de análisis se ubica a un nivel inferior con respecto al nivel de la vía pública y de los terrenos vecinos, condición que favorece la recepción y acumulación de escorrentías superficiales provenientes de áreas con mayor elevación dentro de la cuenca. Desde el punto de vista hidráulico, el flujo de aguas superficiales sigue las pendientes naturales del terreno, desplazándose desde las zonas más altas hacia las más bajas.
En consecuencia, la ubicación del inmueble por debajo del nivel de la calle constituye un factor determinante en la acumulación de aguas durante eventos de lluvia intensa. La infraestructura de drenaje existente en la vía pública tiene coma finalidad conducir adecuadamente las aguas que naturalmente convergen hacia el sistema pluvial y preservar la estabilidad de la carretera, sin implicar la generación de aportes adicionales hacia propiedades privadas. Adicionalmente, es importante señalar que la situación expuesta ya fue analizada par esta Administración mediante el Informe SIOP-1798-2025, de fecha 29 de octubre de 2025, en el cual se realizó la valoración correspondiente y se emitieron las conclusiones derivadas de la inspección en el sitio. En dicho informe se estableció que la problemática se presenta dentro de propiedades privadas y responde a las condiciones propias del terreno, sin identificarse afectación atribuible a infraestructura vial municipal.
Asimismo, se reitera que la ubicación de la propiedad, a una cota inferior respecto al nivel de la vía pública y de los terrenes circundantes, favorece la acumulación natural de aguas durante eventos de lluvia. En virtud de lo anterior, se mantienen las conclusiones previamente emitidas por esta Administración. Finalmente, se recomienda que el propietario realice acciones de limpieza y mantenimiento dentro de su propiedad, así como la adecuación básica del drenaje, tomando en cuenta las condiciones naturales del terreno. Asimismo, es importante indicar que, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 20 de la Ley General de Caminos Públicos, corresponde a los propietarios de inmuebles colindantes con vías públicas garantizar que sus intervenciones no afecten la infraestructura vial ni alteren el adecuado manejo de las aguas pluviales, debiendo adoptar las medidas necesarias dentro de su propiedad para el control del drenaje superficial y la mitigación de impactos derivados de las condiciones propias del terreno.”.
En el mismo sentido, las autoridades del MINAE han trasladado las gestiones formuladas ante las autoridades sanitarias y municipales competentes, quienes como se apuntó supra, han realizado las respectivas valoraciones según los criterios técnicos.
En virtud de lo expuesto, no es posible acreditar que en este momento exista alguna omisión de las autoridades recurridas, sino que, en el fondo, lo que se observa es la inconformidad del tutelado con las conclusiones y criterios vertidos por tales dependencias; no obstante, tal aspecto constituye un diferendo de legalidad ordinaria ajeno a la naturaleza sumaria de este proceso de amparo. En ese tanto, si el recurrente no comparte los criterios de las autoridades recurridas, deberá plantear sus alegatos ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales comunes competentes, sedes en las que podrá discutir de forma amplia el fondo del asunto y hacer valer sus pretensiones.
Ergo, se declara sin lugar el recurso.
En asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente indica que desde finales de 2022 denunció problemas relativos a aguas pluviales y negras que discurren hacia su propiedad. Alega que las autoridades recurridas aún no han resuelto la situación.
Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N°27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N°43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso. El magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Document not found. Documento no encontrado.