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Res. 24322-2026 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 30/06/2026
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber dismissed the amparo outright for failure to meet the requirements of Article 57 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law: the private respondents are not in a position of power that prevents the petitioner from seeking protection through other jurisdictional avenues, and the petitioner must first resort to competent administrative authorities or ordinary courts.La Sala rechazó de plano el recurso de amparo por incumplimiento del artículo 57 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional: los sujetos privados recurridos no se encuentran en posición de poder que impida al recurrente buscar tutela mediante otras vías jurisdiccionales, debiendo acudir primero a las autoridades administrativas competentes o a la vía de legalidad ordinaria.
SummaryResumen
A resident of Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú filed an amparo action exclusively against the private parties responsible for the True North educational project (True North Personalized Learning School), which abuts his residential complex in Escazú. He alleged current harms to health, rest, privacy, and the right to a healthy environment caused by noise, dust, vibrations, machinery traffic, electrical hazards, water mismanagement, potential hydrological and environmental protection zones, and geotechnical slope instability. He also raised the risk of an eventual enrollment of up to 800 students without comprehensive permit verification. The Constitutional Chamber dismissed the amparo outright for failure to meet the admissibility requirements of Article 57 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law: the private respondents are not in a position of power that prevents the petitioner from seeking relief through other jurisdictional avenues. The Chamber directed that claims be pursued before competent administrative authorities or through ordinary courts.Un condómino del Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú interpuso recurso de amparo exclusivamente contra los sujetos privados responsables del proyecto educativo True North (Centro Educativo True North Personalized Learning School), que colinda con su conjunto residencial. Alegó afectaciones actuales a salud, descanso, privacidad y ambiente sano derivadas de ruido, polvo, vibraciones, tránsito de maquinaria, riesgos eléctricos, manejo inadecuado de aguas, posible existencia de zonas de protección hídrica y ambiental, y riesgo geotécnico en taludes. Planteó además el riesgo de una eventual matrícula de hasta 800 estudiantes sin verificación integral de permisos. La Sala Constitucional rechazó el recurso de plano por incumplimiento de los supuestos de admisibilidad del artículo 57 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional: los recurridos privados no se encuentran en posición de poder tal que impida al afectado acudir a otras vías jurisdiccionales. La Sala indicó que las pretensiones deben canalizarse ante autoridades administrativas competentes o en la vía de legalidad ordinaria.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Nevertheless, the admissibility requirements for amparo set out in Article 57 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law are not met, since the respondent (a private-law subject) is not, in fact or in law, in such a position of power that the protected party cannot seek timely and effective protection through jurisdictional remedies other than the constitutional route. In addition, the claims raised cannot be the subject of an amparo action; the proper course is for the demands and concerns set out here, as well as the complaints regarding the pollution mentioned and other allegations, to be brought before the competent administrative authorities (as the petitioner indicates has already been done and is under way), so that those authorities may take the appropriate measures to address the reported problem or, failing that, for the petitioner to bring the claim through the ordinary courts. The foregoing does not preclude the interested party from resorting to the constitutional route after an unreasonable period has elapsed without effective action by the Administration, and provided there is a threat or violation of a fundamental right, which is not alleged in this amparo, as explained above. Accordingly, the action is dismissed outright.No obstante, se incumplen los supuestos de admisibilidad del amparo dispuestos en el artículo 57 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, toda vez que la parte recurrida (sujeto de derecho privado) no se encuentra de hecho o de derecho en una posición de poder tal, que la parte tutelada no pueda ampararse, oportuna y efectivamente, por medio de otros remedios jurisdiccionales diferentes a la vía constitucional. Aunado a ello, lo alegado no puede ser objeto de amparo, pues lo procedente es que las pretensiones y dudas aquí expuestas, así como los reclamos en torno a la contaminación mencionada y demás alegatos, sean planteados ante las autoridades administrativas competentes (como indica que ya se ha hecho y se encuentra en trámite), a fin de que aquellas tomen las medidas pertinentes para solucionar el problema denunciado o, en su defecto, plantee su reclamo en la vía de legalidad ordinaria. Lo anterior no obsta para que la parte interesada acuda a la vía constitucional, luego de que transcurriere un plazo irrazonable sin un actuar efectivo de la Administración y siempre que hubiere amenaza o lesión a un derecho fundamental, lo que no se alega en este amparo, tal y como se explicó. Ergo, se rechaza de plano el recurso.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"la parte recurrente manifiesta expresamente que acude en amparo en contra de los sujetos de derecho privado vinculados con el proyecto True North (Centro Educativo True North Personalized Learning School), que colinda con el Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, a efectos de que se impida la operación de este centro (el cual ya está en funciones), debido a la contaminación sónica y de polvo, pérdida de privacidad, riesgo por instalaciones eléctricas provisionales, así como en lo atinente a aguas, posible existencia de zonas de protección, riesgo geotécnico, deslizamiento, entre otros."
"The petitioner expressly states that the amparo is brought against the private-law subjects linked to the True North project (True North Personalized Learning School), which abuts Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, in order to halt the operation of this center (which is already in operation) due to noise and dust pollution, loss of privacy, risks from provisional electrical installations, water-related concerns, the possible existence of protection zones, geotechnical risk, landslides, among others."
Considerando I — Objeto del recurso
"la parte recurrente manifiesta expresamente que acude en amparo en contra de los sujetos de derecho privado vinculados con el proyecto True North (Centro Educativo True North Personalized Learning School), que colinda con el Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, a efectos de que se impida la operación de este centro (el cual ya está en funciones), debido a la contaminación sónica y de polvo, pérdida de privacidad, riesgo por instalaciones eléctricas provisionales, así como en lo atinente a aguas, posible existencia de zonas de protección, riesgo geotécnico, deslizamiento, entre otros."
Considerando I — Objeto del recurso
"El amparo contra sujetos de derecho privado procede cuando la acción u omisión de una persona privada coloca al afectado en una posición de subordinación, indefensión o afectación directa de derechos fundamentales."
"Amparo against private-law subjects is admissible when the action or omission of a private party places the affected person in a position of subordination, defenselessness, or direct violation of fundamental rights."
Resultando 1 — Procedencia del amparo contra sujetos privados
"El amparo contra sujetos de derecho privado procede cuando la acción u omisión de una persona privada coloca al afectado en una posición de subordinación, indefensión o afectación directa de derechos fundamentales."
Resultando 1 — Procedencia del amparo contra sujetos privados
"La pretensión constitucional no consiste en declarar por esta vía la ilegalidad ordinaria del proyecto ni sustituir a los órganos técnicos. La pretensión es impedir que continúe o se amplíe una operación privada de alto impacto mientras no conste, de manera técnica y documentada, que cumple integralmente las condiciones exigibles y que existen medidas suficientes para proteger a los vecinos colindantes."
"The constitutional claim does not seek a declaration of ordinary illegality of the project through this route, nor to substitute the technical bodies. The claim is to prevent a high-impact private operation from continuing or expanding until it is technically and documentarily established that it fully meets all applicable requirements and that sufficient measures exist to protect neighboring residents."
Resultando 1 — Objeto constitucional del recurso
"La pretensión constitucional no consiste en declarar por esta vía la ilegalidad ordinaria del proyecto ni sustituir a los órganos técnicos. La pretensión es impedir que continúe o se amplíe una operación privada de alto impacto mientras no conste, de manera técnica y documentada, que cumple integralmente las condiciones exigibles y que existen medidas suficientes para proteger a los vecinos colindantes."
Resultando 1 — Objeto constitucional del recurso
"Por tanto: Se rechaza de plano el recurso."
"Therefore: The action is dismissed outright."
Por tanto
"Por tanto: Se rechaza de plano el recurso."
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
FILE NO. 26-018877-0007-CO PROCEEDING: WRIT OF AMPARO RULING No. 2026024322 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours thirty minutes on the thirtieth of June, two thousand twenty-six.
Writ of amparo (recurso de amparo) filed by Nombre01, national identity document (cédula de identidad) CED02, against PRIVATE PARTIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRUE NORTH PROJECT (TRUE NORTH PERSONALIZED LEARNING SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL CENTER).
Recitals:
If the project is legally compliant and continues to completion, the protection of neighboring residents cannot rest solely on temporary measures. An order must be issued requiring the design, construction, and maintenance of a permanent barrier, wall, or acoustic, visual, privacy, and perimeter-security screen, technically supported and compatible with drainage, structural safety, accessibility, maintenance, and applicable regulations. The continuation of construction, partial operation, progressive opening, expansion of classes, or mass enrollment of students without prior comprehensive verification may render any eventual favorable judgment illusory, since the harm to health, rest, privacy, safety, and the residential environment occurs day by day and may worsen cumulatively. RECENT PUBLIC FACT REGARDING MUNICIPAL OVERSIGHT: RULING N.° 2026016897. The recent public fact of the Delfino.cr publication of May 21, 2026, entitled "Sala IV condena a Municipalidad de San José por no concluir investigación sobre permiso de Escalante Verde," is submitted, reporting that the Sala Constitucional issued ruling No. Telf01, dated May 15, 2026, related to the Escalante Verde project, the Municipalidad de San José, SETENA, and other institutions.
According to that report, the Sala Constitucional partially upheld the writ but left SETENA's environmental clearance and the municipal building permit in force. Therefore, this precedent is not invoked as an automatic annulment of permits or as an identical case. Its constitutional relevance is different: according to the publication, the Chamber partially granted the amparo due to the municipality's failure to carry out and conclude an internal investigation into the processing of the building permit, and ordered documentary restoration, resolution, possible disciplinary proceedings, and follow-up on the citizen complaint. In the present case, this precedent is used as a cautious analogical criterion: the formal existence of permits does not eliminate the need for genuine oversight, serious investigation, complete documentation, follow-up on complaints, technical inspections, mitigation measures, and effective protection of neighboring residents' quality of life.
As a complete official copy of the ruling has not yet been obtained, the report and available screenshot are submitted, without prejudice to providing the official ruling when obtained through the institutional channels of the Sala Constitucional. (…) ADMISSIBILITY OF AMPARO AGAINST PRIVATE PARTIES. Amparo against private law subjects is admissible when the action or omission of a private person places the affected party in a position of subordination, defenselessness, or direct infringement of fundamental rights. In this case, the neighboring residents do not control the construction, do not have full access to the technical files, cannot stop the noise, dust, traffic, visual exposure, energization, water management, slopes, or educational opening, and depend on the private operator and developer to comply with prevention and mitigation measures. The scale of the project, its adjacency to a residential condominium, the possible partial educational operation, the possibility of a significant enrollment, the accumulated technical risks, and the current impact already reported place the petitioners in a position of material vulnerability vis-à-vis an organized, technically complex, and high-impact private activity.
(…) PERMANENT PROTECTIVE WALL OR BARRIER IF THE PROJECT IS LEGALLY COMPLIANT. The petitioners do not request that the project be presumed unlawful. If, after the technical verifications, the project is found to be legally compliant and may continue to completion, a permanent structural solution must be guaranteed to protect neighboring residents against noise, visual exposure, loss of privacy, internal traffic, school activity, equipment, courtyards, people flows, and other ordinary impacts of a large-scale educational center. Accordingly, an order is requested that, prior to full operation or upon completion of construction if technically appropriate, the private parties responsible design, construct, and maintain a permanent acoustic, visual, privacy, and perimeter-security wall, screen, or barrier with verifiable technical specifications. This solution must include, as applicable: acoustic study, height, continuity, materials, sound absorption or insulation, structural safety, compatibility with drainage and stormwater, maintenance, visual treatment, municipal compliance, protection against runoff, slope stability, and the absence of new risks to the condominium.
(…) For the foregoing reasons, we respectfully request of the Sala Constitucional: To admit this writ of amparo against the private parties responsible, promoters, operators, builders, developers, registered owners, responsible professionals, or beneficiaries of the True North / New True North Campus project. To order the private respondents to submit a complete report and to formally identify the title-holding company, legal representative, registered owner, construction company, technical director, responsible professionals, occupational safety officer, and the persons responsible for electrical, hydro-sanitary, stormwater, geotechnical, environmental, and operational matters of the project. To record as reported that, as the petitioners assert and must be certified, classes or educational activities are already being conducted in part of the property or in an area connected to the project while construction conditions persist, generating current impacts on health, peace and quiet, rest, privacy, security, and residential quality of life.
To order as an urgent precautionary measure that the private respondents refrain from executing, expanding, or consolidating any additional partial opening, regular educational operation, mass student enrollment, expansion of enrollment, ordinary use of classrooms, administrative operations open to the public, or intensive use of facilities until the reports, inspections, and peremptory technical certifications requested herein are on record. To order the private respondents to limit or suspend noisy, invasive, high-impact construction activities, activities outside permitted hours, loading and unloading, excavation, energization, heavy traffic, water management, earthworks, or similar activities until permits, authorized hours, mitigation measures, and effective controls are certified. To order the private respondents to immediately implement temporary acoustic, visual, dust, privacy, perimeter-security, traffic, water, electrical, drainage, and slope-stability protection measures, especially at the points of adjacency or direct exposure toward the affected homes.
To require within a peremptory deadline, without designating them as principal respondents at this stage, technical reports, inspections, certifications, and details of measures adopted by the Municipality of Escazú, MEP, Ministry of Health, Bomberos, CFIA, the competent electric utility, AYA, the Directorate of Water, SETENA, SINAC/MINAE, the competent Conservation Area, MOPT/COSEVI, CNE, or the applicable technical authority, regarding permits, partial operation, current classes, enrollment, capacity, safety, health, accessibility, traffic, electricity, water, environment, conservation, landslides, terrain stability, and protective measures for neighboring properties. To require that the current and projected enrollment, occupancy, and capacity of the educational center be expressly certified, including whether there is an authorization, plan, capacity, or projection close to 800 students, and what technical studies support that operational load.
To order that, if the project is legally compliant and continues to completion, the private respondents design, construct, and maintain, prior to full operation or upon completion of construction if technically appropriate, a permanent acoustic, visual, privacy, and perimeter-security wall, screen, or barrier with verifiable technical specifications, acoustic study, height, materials, continuity, drainage, structural safety, maintenance, and regulatory compliance. To record as submitted the recent public fact relating to ruling N.° 2026016897 of the Sala Constitucional, per the Delfino.cr report and screenshot, without prejudice to subsequently providing an official copy of the full ruling once obtained through institutional channels. To order any other conservation or safety measure the Chamber deems prudent to prevent material risks, avoid additional harm, and preserve the usefulness of the constitutional proceeding.
To order the responsible parties, if appropriate upon deciding the merits, to cease or correct the harmful conduct, adopt permanent mitigation measures, provide complete information, and assume the corresponding legal consequences."
The ruling is drafted by Justice Castillo Víquez; and,
Considering:
The petitioner expressly states that the amparo is filed against the private law subjects connected with the True North project (True North Personalized Learning School Educational Center), which is adjacent to Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, in order to prevent the operation of this center (which is already in operation), on grounds of noise and dust pollution, loss of privacy, risks from provisional electrical installations, as well as concerns regarding water, the possible existence of protection zones, geotechnical risk, landslides, and other matters. The petitioner notes that complaints have been filed with the competent administrative authorities. The petitioner states that this amparo does not allege the absence of permits but rather seeks to have the private parties certify their existence. The petitioner asks that, "prior to full operation or upon completion of construction if technically appropriate, the private parties responsible design, construct, and maintain a permanent acoustic, visual, privacy, and perimeter-security wall, screen, or barrier with verifiable technical specifications." The petitioner requests the Chamber's intervention.
In the matter at hand (sub lite), the petitioner expressly and repeatedly states that the amparo is not filed against public institutions (since "The procedural reason is that there are pending neighborhood administrative proceedings and the petitioners wish those institutions to exercise their technical competencies without, for the time being, being treated as principal respondents"), but exclusively against the private law subjects connected with the True North project (True North Personalized Learning School Educational Center), which is adjacent to Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, in order to prevent the operation of this center until such time as those parties certify that they do hold permits. However, the admissibility requirements for amparo set out in Article 57 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional are not met, since the respondent (a private law subject) is not, in fact or in law, in such a position of power that the protected party cannot effectively and timely seek redress through other jurisdictional remedies outside the constitutional avenue.
Moreover, what is alleged cannot be the subject of an amparo, since the appropriate course of action is for the claims and concerns set out herein, as well as the complaints regarding the pollution mentioned and the other allegations, to be brought before the competent administrative authorities (as the petitioner indicates has already been done and is currently in progress), so that those authorities may take the pertinent measures to resolve the reported problem or, failing that, for the claim to be pursued through the ordinary legality avenue. This does not prevent the interested party from resorting to the constitutional avenue after an unreasonable period of time has elapsed without effective action by the Administration, and provided there is a threat or infringement of a fundamental right, which is not alleged in this amparo, as explained above. Therefore, the writ is summarily rejected.
The parties are advised that, if any paper document, object, or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology device has been submitted, these must be retrieved from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial," approved by the Corte Plena in session N° 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial No. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial in session N° 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The writ is summarily rejected.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L. Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G. Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
FILE NO. 26-018877-0007-CO
Revisión del Documento PROCESO: RECURSO DE AMPARO RESOLUCIÓN Nº 2026024322 SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas treinta minutos del treinta de junio de dos mil veintiseis .
Recurso de amparo interpuesto por Nombre01, cédula de identidad CED02, contra SUJETOS PRIVADOS RESPONSABLES DEL PROYECTO TRUE NORTH (CENTRO EDUCATIVO TRUE NORTH PERSONALIZED LEARNING SCHOOL).
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Castillo Víquez; y,
Considerando:
La parte recurrente manifiesta expresamente que acude en amparo en contra de los sujetos de derecho privado vinculados con el proyecto True North (Centro Educativo True North Personalized Learning School), que colinda con el Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, a efectos de que se impida la operación de este centro (el cual ya está en funciones), debido a la contaminación sónica y de polvo, pérdida de privacidad, riesgo por instalaciones eléctricas provisionales, así como en lo atinente a aguas, posible existencia de zonas de protección, riesgo geotécnico, deslizamiento, entre otros. Comenta que se han planteado denuncias ante las autoridades administrativas competentes. Menciona que en este amparo no acusa la carencia de permisos, sino que lo pretendido es que los sujetos privados certifiquen su existencia. Pide que, “antes de la operación plena o al finalizar la obra si técnicamente corresponde, los responsables privados diseñen, construyan y mantengan un muro, pantalla o barrera permanente de protección sonora, visual, de privacidad y seguridad perimetral, con especificaciones técnicas verificables”. Solicita la intervención de la Sala.
En el sub lite, la parte recurrente manifiesta expresamente y de manera reiterativa, que no acude en amparo en contra de instituciones públicas (en tanto “La razón procesal es que existen gestiones administrativas vecinales pendientes y los recurrentes desean que dichas instituciones ejerzan sus competencias técnicas sin que, por ahora, sean tenidas como recurridas principales”). sino exclusivamente en contra de los sujetos de derecho privado vinculados con el proyecto True North (Centro Educativo True North Personalized Learning School), que colinda con el Condominio Los Cerros de Escazú, a efectos de que se impida la operación de este centro, hasta tanto no certifiquen que sí cuentan con permisos. No obstante, se incumplen los supuestos de admisibilidad del amparo dispuestos en el artículo 57 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, toda vez que la parte recurrida (sujeto de derecho privado) no se encuentra de hecho o de derecho en una posición de poder tal, que la parte tutelada no pueda ampararse, oportuna y efectivamente, por medio de otros remedios jurisdiccionales diferentes a la vía constitucional.
Aunado a ello, lo alegado no puede ser objeto de amparo, pues lo procedente es que las pretensiones y dudas aquí expuestas, así como los reclamos en torno a la contaminación mencionada y demás alegatos, sean planteados ante las autoridades administrativas competentes (como indica que ya se ha hecho y se encuentra en trámite), a fin de que aquellas tomen las medidas pertinentes para solucionar el problema denunciado o, en su defecto, plantee su reclamo en la vía de legalidad ordinaria. Lo anterior no obsta para que la parte interesada acuda a la vía constitucional, luego de que transcurriere un plazo irrazonable sin un actuar efectivo de la Administración y siempre que hubiere amenaza o lesión a un derecho fundamental, lo que no se alega en este amparo, tal y como se explicó. Ergo, se rechaza de plano el recurso.
Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se rechaza de plano el recurso.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
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