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Res. 23547-2026 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 26/06/2026
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber denied the amparo as premature because only six days elapsed between the administrative complaint to the Ministry of Health and the filing of the constitutional action, and because the technical inspection had already been conducted; the court ordered authorities to take protective measures and issue a final response to the complainants without undue delay.La Sala desestimó el amparo por prematuro, al haber transcurrido solo seis días entre la denuncia ante el Ministerio de Salud y la interposición del recurso, y porque la inspección técnica ya había sido realizada; ordenó a las autoridades adoptar acciones para proteger la integridad de los recurrentes y comunicar respuesta final sin dilaciones indebidas.
SummaryResumen
Two property owners in Cerbatana, Puriscal filed an amparo against CONAVI and the Ministry of Health, alleging that wastewater from neighboring properties (Ciudadela Miramar) was illegally discharged into national road drainage ditches along Route 239 (managed by CONAVI), then flowing onto their property and into the Quebrada Pital stream, causing erosion, pooling, foul odors, and health risks. CONAVI argued it lacked sanitary authority and that third parties were responsible. The Ministry of Health conducted an inspection on May 20, 2026, confirmed wastewater in the stormwater system, and initiated fluorescein tracer tests to identify offending properties. The Constitutional Chamber dismissed the amparo as premature because only six days elapsed between the administrative complaint and the constitutional filing, and institutional action had already commenced. Nevertheless, the Court ordered authorities to safeguard the complainants' physical integrity and to issue a formal response without undue delay.Dos propietarios de un inmueble en Cerbatana, Puriscal, interpusieron recurso de amparo contra el CONAVI y el Ministerio de Salud, alegando que aguas residuales provenientes de propiedades vecinas (Ciudadela Miramar) eran descargadas ilegalmente en las cunetas de la Ruta Nacional 239 —administradas por CONAVI— y fluían hacia su propiedad y la quebrada Pital, causando erosión, estancamiento, malos olores y riesgo sanitario. CONAVI sostuvo carecer de competencia sanitaria y que el problema era atribuible a terceros particulares. El Ministerio de Salud realizó una inspección el 20 de mayo de 2026 y confirmó la presencia de aguas residuales en el sistema pluvial, iniciando pruebas de trazabilidad. La Sala desestimó el amparo por prematuro, señalando que solo habían transcurrido seis días entre la denuncia administrativa y el recurso constitucional, y que ya existía actuación institucional. Sin perjuicio, ordenó a las autoridades asegurar la integridad física de los recurrentes y emitir respuesta formal sin dilaciones.
Key excerptExtracto clave
It is thus established that the complainant submitted her petition to the Ministry of Health on March 18, 2026, and filed the amparo on March 24 of the same year — that is, less than one week later. Such an interval is not of sufficient magnitude to sustain prima facie that, at the time the petitioner brought the claim, there existed an unreasonable and disproportionate delay warranting the intervention of this Chamber. In any event, the report submitted under oath indicates that the inspection and technical report have already been conducted, giving rise to a series of recommendations, as reflected in document MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026. Consequently, in the terms in which the appeal was framed, a constitutional-level injury warranting this Chamber's intervention at this time is ruled out, and the amparo is therefore dismissed as premature. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the respondent authorities shall take note of the obligation to carry out the actions necessary to ensure the physical integrity of the complainant and neighboring residents, and, if not yet done, to communicate a clear and express final response to the complainant's petition without undue delay.Así las cosas, se constata que la amparada remitió la gestión al Ministerio de Salud el 18 de marzo de 2026 y acudió en amparo el 24 de marzo siguiente; es decir, menos de una semana después. Semejante lapso no es de tal envergadura como para sostener prima facie que, al momento en que la petente planteó el reclamo, se esté frente a un plazo irrazonable y desproporcionado que amerite la intervención de la Sala. En todo caso, del informe rendido bajo juramento se desprende que ya se realizó la inspección y el informe técnico, por lo que se emitieron una serie de recomendaciones, según se desprende del documento MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026. Por consiguiente, en los términos en que fue planteado el recurso, se descarta una lesión de raigambre constitucional que amerite la intervención de la Sala en este momento, por lo que se desestima el amparo por prematuro. Sin demérito de lo expuesto, deberá tomar nota la autoridad recurrida a fin de que realicen las acciones necesarias para asegurar la integridad física de la recurrente y vecinos de la zona y, en caso de que no haya ocurrido, comuniquen a la accionante de forma clara y expresa una respuesta final sobre su gestión, sin dilaciones indebidas.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Estos derechos imponen a las autoridades públicas un deber de actuación inmediata, diligente y preventiva, especialmente ante situaciones que impliquen riesgos sanitarios o ambientales."
"These rights impose on public authorities a duty of immediate, diligent, and preventive action, especially in situations involving sanitary or environmental risks."
Escrito de la parte recurrente - Fundamento constitucional
"Estos derechos imponen a las autoridades públicas un deber de actuación inmediata, diligente y preventiva, especialmente ante situaciones que impliquen riesgos sanitarios o ambientales."
Escrito de la parte recurrente - Fundamento constitucional
"Al momento de la inspección que da origen a este informe, se verifica la presencia de aguas residuales a través de la red del sistema de alcantarillado pluvial, que se transfieren a través de una caja de registro hacia la propiedad de la Sra. [Nombre 001] y el Sr. [Nombre 002]."
"At the time of the inspection giving rise to this report, the presence of wastewater is confirmed throughout the stormwater drainage network, transferred via a collection box onto the property of [the complainants]."
Informe técnico MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026 - Conclusiones
"Al momento de la inspección que da origen a este informe, se verifica la presencia de aguas residuales a través de la red del sistema de alcantarillado pluvial, que se transfieren a través de una caja de registro hacia la propiedad de la Sra. [Nombre 001] y el Sr. [Nombre 002]."
Informe técnico MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026 - Conclusiones
"El CONAVI carece de potestades de policía sanitaria, ambiental o de fiscalización sobre propiedades privadas. La competencia para conocer, inspeccionar, sancionar y ordenar el cese de descargas ilícitas de aguas residuales corresponde de manera exclusiva y excluyente al Ministerio de Salud."
"CONAVI lacks sanitary, environmental, or supervisory police powers over private properties. The authority to investigate, inspect, sanction, and order the cessation of illegal wastewater discharges belongs exclusively to the Ministry of Health."
Conclusiones CONAVI - Informe rendido bajo juramento
"El CONAVI carece de potestades de policía sanitaria, ambiental o de fiscalización sobre propiedades privadas. La competencia para conocer, inspeccionar, sancionar y ordenar el cese de descargas ilícitas de aguas residuales corresponde de manera exclusiva y excluyente al Ministerio de Salud."
Conclusiones CONAVI - Informe rendido bajo juramento
"sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso"
"I do enter into the merits of the matter when other rights of those affected by the source of contamination are at stake, including health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and uncontaminated environment (Article 50 of the Constitution), as occurs in this case."
Nota del magistrado Salazar Alvarado
"sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso"
Nota del magistrado Salazar Alvarado
Full documentDocumento completo
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine hours twenty minutes on the twenty-sixth of June of two thousand twenty-six.
Writ of amparo (recurso de amparo) filed under case file no. 26-010513-0007-CO, brought by [Nombre 001], national identity card (cédula de identidad) [Valor 001], and [Nombre 002], national identity card [Valor 002], against the CONSEJO NACIONAL DE VIALIDAD and the MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
Background:
Subject matter of the appeal: The petitioners (amparados) state that: "… they are owners of a property located in San José, Puriscal, Mercedes Sur, Cerbatana, 350 meters southwest of the public school. They allege that, for several years, wastewater (aguas servidas) and sewage (aguas residuales) have been improperly diverted and channeled through the roadside drainage ditches (cunetas) of the national road network onto their property, from where they continue flowing into the streambed of the quebrada Pital, causing direct and sustained contamination of that waterway. They allege that said drainage ditches, whose administration falls under CONAVI, are being improperly used as conduits for sewage, diverting it onto their property, which is contrary to their exclusive purpose of managing stormwater, and without any authorization for such use. Based on the foregoing allegations, they consider that the challenged actions violate fundamental rights." Having set forth the above, this appeal is addressed based on official communication CARTA-MSDRRSCS-ARSPT-00339-2026 of May 21, 2026, signed by Dr. Luz Cuadra Morales, Acting Director (a.i.) of the Área Rectora de Salud Puriscal Turrubares, and Technical Report MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026, signed by MSc. Alexander Arroyo Espinoza, Environmental Manager of the aforementioned Área Rectora de Salud, which detail the handling of the complaint filed.
Official Communication CARTA MS-DRRSCS-ARSPT-00339-2026: "… Background. By means of inspection record number MS-RCS-ARS-PT-GRS-AAE-2005-01-2026 of May 20, 2026, and Technical Report MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026, signed by environmental manager MSc. Alexander Arroyo Espinoza (technical report attached), the handling of the matter identified in this communication is hereby confirmed. Result: The existence of a system (drainage ditch–culvert–inspection chamber (caja de registro)) that directs waters from a section of the stormwater drainage network (alcantarillado) of national road 239 toward the property of the petitioners, Ms. [Name 001] and Mr. [Name 002], is verified. At the time of the inspection it was not raining; however, the movement of dark-colored, turbid water was observed, with foam and a foul odor, suggesting that it consists of sewage discharged into the stormwater drainage system.
Therefore, with the utmost priority, urgency (sic), and greatest possible efficiency, the following will be carried out: 1. Immediately, by commencing a gradual and sustained process of inspections of the dwellings closest to the location of the complaint, in order to identify and determine through traceability (trazabilidad) testing which properties are discharging sewage into the stormwater drainage system, so that the corresponding administrative acts may be generated in accordance with the applicable legislation. 2. To refer the case to CONAVI by official communication for handling within the scope of its jurisdiction…" Technical Report MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026: "… Subject: Report on follow-up actions regarding the handling of the complaint for environmental contamination due to offensive odors, discharge of sewage and stormwater to the detriment of the property of Ms. [Name 001] and Mr. [Name 002], in Cerbatana de Mercedes Sur de Puriscal…
Main actions taken in response to and follow-up on the complaint. The visit was conducted on May 20, 2026, as recorded in inspection record number MS-RCS-ARS-PT-GRS-AAE-2005-01-2026, with the following results. 2.1. I was received by Ms. [Name 001] and Mr. [Name 002], who stated that they are affected by the discharge of stormwater and sewage diverted and channeled through drainage ditches in national road network 239 onto their property, causing them situations such as the dragging of solid waste, pooling of wastewater, soil erosion from the impact of stormwater, and foul odors; they further stated that during heavy rainfall events their home has been flooded, with all the consequences that entails. The complainants stated that the source of these waters appears to originate from the dwellings of the Ciudadela Miramar and other nearby residences. 2.2. A walkthrough was conducted, confirming the existence of a system (drainage ditch–culvert–inspection chamber) that directs waters from a section of the drainage system of national road network 239 toward the property of Ms.
Castro Montoya and Mr. [Name 002] (Anexo 1 and Anexo 2). At the time of the inspection it was not raining; however, the movement of dark-colored, turbid water was observed, with foam and a foul odor, suggesting that it consists of sewage discharged into the stormwater drainage system. 2.3. In the drainage channel (acequia) on the complainants' property, in addition to the pooling of the waters described in the preceding paragraph, the presence of solid waste such as plastic bottles and bags was observed (Anexo 3). CONCLUSIONS At the time of the inspection giving rise to this report, the presence of sewage passing through the stormwater drainage system network is confirmed, being transferred through an inspection chamber onto the property of Ms. [Name 001] and Mr. [Name 002]. Recommendations With the utmost priority and urgency (sic), the following actions must be carried out: Immediate commencement of a gradual and sustained process of inspections of the dwellings closest to the location of the complaint, which will allow for the identification, through traceability testing, of the wastewater treatment systems of those properties that may be discharging sewage into the stormwater drainage system, thereby enabling the generation of the corresponding administrative acts in compliance with the applicable regulations. 2.
To refer the case to CONAVI by official communication for handling within the scope of its jurisdiction. Therefore, I hereby inform you of the main results of the follow-up handling of the case, and I remain attentive to any directives issued through the same channel in compliance with the applicable regulations." As can be seen from the technical report issued, and from the case file recorded under consecutive number N° 287-2026, the complaint was submitted through the digital form on the institutional website on March 18, 2026, and was subsequently referred for handling to MSc. Alexander Arroyo Espinoza (pursuant to official communication MS-DRRSCS-ARSPT-00182-2026 of March 18, 2026), who on May 20, 2026 conducted an inspection of the property of Ms. Luz Cuadra Montoya, finding that there is indeed a discharge of wastewater into the aforementioned drainage ditch, since at the time of the inspection the day was sunny and the water flow was continuous.
The identification of the properties discharging into said drainage ditch requires technical fluorescein (fluoresceína) dye testing to determine the traceability of the waters; accordingly, these tests will be commenced expeditiously so that, upon confirmation of the discharge, property owners may be served with the corresponding administrative acts with a view to correcting and eliminating the improper discharge. This Ministry will in turn coordinate with other involved institutions to address the evident problem of the improper final disposal of stormwater discharged into the drainage ditch in question, since the pooling of this water creates a potential breeding ground for disease-carrying mosquitoes, which would affect not only the health of the complainant and her family, but that of the community and general population. This Office considers that the time taken to respond to the request was not disproportionate but rather well-reasoned, particularly in light of the large volume of complaints filed with this Ministry, all of which require prompt and timely attention given their level of complexity, and that, within reasonable and proportionate limits, attention was given to the petition filed by the petitioner herein, due to the considerable workload faced by the Área Rectora de Salud de Puriscal Turrubares, arising from the handling of multiple administrative matters of similar nature and complexity; therefore, this Office does not consider that any right of the person subject to administration was violated.
CONCLUSION From the foregoing, it is determined that the actions of the authorities of the Ministry of Health, and in particular of the Área Rectora de Salud of the Human Development Directorate (Dirección de Desarrollo Humano), are fully in conformity with the applicable legal framework, and that, within reasonable and proportionate limits, attention was given to the petition filed by the petitioners herein, which was duly addressed; therefore, it cannot be alleged, as is sought, that fundamental rights—particularly the right to health—have been violated. As a corollary of the foregoing, no infringement of the fundamental rights claimed by the petitioning party is observed. PRAYER FOR RELIEF: In light of the foregoing, this Ministry respectfully requests that this honorable Constitutional Tribunal DECLARE THE PRESENT APPEAL WITHOUT MERIT, as it has been demonstrated that the Ministry of Health, and in particular the Área Rectora de Salud Puriscal Turrubares, acting within the scope of its powers, provided prompt attention and response to the petitions filed by the petitioner herein.
In light of the foregoing, I respectfully reiterate the request to this honorable Tribunal to DECLARE THE PRESENT AMPARO APPEAL (recurso de amparo) WITHOUT MERIT, inasmuch as the Ministry of Health has acted in a legally and administratively appropriate manner."
Drafted by Justice Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
I.On the exception under article 41 of the Constitución Política. Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, beginning with judgment number 2008002545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the administrative-contentious jurisdiction—with some exceptions—those matters in which the question is whether the Public Administration has or has not complied with the time limits established by the Ley General de la Administración Pública (articles 261 and 325) or by sector-specific laws for special administrative procedures, in order to resolve by final administrative act (acto final) a proceeding—initiated ex officio or at the request of a party—or to hear applicable administrative appeals. Specifically, in the sub lite, an exceptional circumstance is presented, as this involves a complaint regarding the discharge of stormwater onto the property of the petitioning party, which is alleged to have not been resolved within a reasonable time. Having clarified this point, the Court proceeds to resolve the specific situation alleged in this amparo appeal.
II.Subject matter of the appeal. The petitioning party alleges that they are owners of a property located in San José, Puriscal, Mercedes Sur, Cerbatana, 350 meters southwest of the public school. They allege that, for several years, wastewater and sewage have been improperly diverted and channeled through the drainage ditches of the national road network onto their property, from where they continue flowing into the streambed of the quebrada Pital, causing direct and sustained contamination of that waterway. They allege that said drainage ditches, whose administration falls under Conavi, are being improperly used as conduits for sewage, diverting it onto their property, which is contrary to their exclusive purpose of managing stormwater, and without any authorization for such use. They state that they filed a formal complaint with the Ministry of Health; however, to date no inspection has been conducted nor has an effective response been provided. They request the intervention of the Chamber.
IV.On the specific case. In the sub lite, the petitioning party alleges that they are owners of a property located in San José, Puriscal, Mercedes Sur, Cerbatana, 350 meters southwest of the public school. They allege that, for several years, wastewater and sewage have been improperly diverted and channeled through the drainage ditches of the national road network onto their property, from where they continue flowing into the streambed of the quebrada Pital, causing direct and sustained contamination of that waterway. They allege that said drainage ditches, whose administration falls under Conavi, are being improperly used as conduits for sewage, diverting it onto their property, which is contrary to their exclusive purpose of managing stormwater, and without any authorization for such use. They state that they filed a formal complaint with the Ministry of Health; however, to date no inspection has been conducted nor has an effective response been provided. They request the intervention of the Chamber.
In this regard, the record of proven facts shows that on March 18, 2026, the petitioner filed a complaint with the Ministry of Health, processed under consecutive number 287-2026, regarding the "discharge of sewage and stormwater diverted and channeled through drainage ditches of the national road network onto the property of Mr. and Ms. Castro Montoya and [Name 002], drainage ditches under the responsibility of CONAVI; the channeling of these waters causes environmental contamination problems manifested in the presence of sewage, stormwater, dragging of solid waste, soil erosion, and offensive odors." Furthermore, it is noted that the petitioner filed the amparo appeal on March 24, 2026.
That being so, it is observed that the protected party submitted her petition to the Ministry of Health on March 18, 2026, and filed for amparo on March 24 of the same month—that is, less than one week later. Such a short period is not of sufficient magnitude to sustain prima facie that, at the time the petitioner brought the claim, she was faced with an unreasonable and disproportionate delay warranting the intervention of the Chamber.
In any event, the sworn report reveals that the inspection and technical report have already been carried out, resulting in the issuance of a series of recommendations, as set forth in document MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026.
Therefore, in the terms in which the appeal was filed, a constitutional-level injury warranting the intervention of the Chamber at this time is not established, and accordingly the amparo appeal is dismissed as premature. Without prejudice to the foregoing, the respondent authority must take note in order to carry out the necessary actions to ensure the physical integrity of the petitioner and the residents of the area and, if it has not yet occurred, to communicate to the claimant (accionante) in a clear and express manner a final response to her petition, without undue delay.
V.Note by Justice Castillo Víquez, regarding prompt and effective administrative justice. I have supported this Tribunal's position that when a person subject to administration alleges a violation of the right to prompt and effective justice in administrative proceedings, it is the Administrative-Contentious Courts, and not this Chamber, that have jurisdiction over the legal dispute. However, with the recent enactment of Ley n.° 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, it has been established that this right is susceptible to judicial protection through the amparo appeal established by article 32 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, in conjunction with article 27 of the Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, in those cases where the petitioner considers that the material actions of the Administration, its administrative acts, or its response are affecting their fundamental rights.
In my view, the newly enacted legislation does not imply that this Tribunal must modify its jurisprudential line, as it is this Tribunal that, pursuant to section 7 of its own Law, is solely responsible for defining its own jurisdiction. Therefore, except for those legal-constitutional disputes that have been recognized by this very Chamber as exceptional cases—which may indeed be heard in this jurisdiction through the constitutional amparo process—in all other cases, and for the reasons set forth by this Tribunal (judgment N° 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008), the competent bodies are the judges of the administrative-contentious jurisdiction, all of which is consistent with article 25 of the Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, the Law of the Constitution (values, principles, and norms), and the corresponding legal provisions, based on a logical, systemic, and teleological interpretation of the legal framework.
VI.Note by Justice Salazar Alvarado. In environmental matters, it is also my view that if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, I consider that the knowledge and resolution of such matters falls within the administrative-contentious jurisdiction. However, I do take up the merits of the case when other rights of persons affected by the source of contamination are at stake, including health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (article 50 of the Constitución Política), as is the case here, in which the petitioning party alleges that for several years, wastewater and sewage have been improperly diverted and channeled through the drainage ditches of the national road network onto their property, from where they continue flowing into the streambed of the quebrada Pital, causing direct and sustained contamination of that waterway, to the detriment of a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a dignified standard of living.
VII.Documentation submitted to the case file. The parties are hereby notified that, if any paper document, object, or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer-based, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology device has been submitted, these must be retrieved within a maximum period of 30 business days from the date of notification of this judgment. It is advised that any material not retrieved within that period will be destroyed, pursuant to the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (approved by the Full Court in article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and article LXXXI of session no. 43-12 of the Superior Council of the Judiciary of May 3, 2012.
Therefore:
The appeal is declared without merit. The respondent authority must take note of what is indicated in fine of Considerando IV of this judgment. Justice Castillo Víquez appends a note. Justice Salazar Alvarado appends a note. Notify.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L. Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G. Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
CASE FILE N° 26-010513-0007-CO
Revisión del Documento SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del veintiseis de junio de dos mil veintiseis .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente nro. 26-010513-0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001] y [Nombre 002], cédula de identidad [Valor 002], contra el CONSEJO NACIONAL DE VIALIDAD y el MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,
Considerando:
I.Sobre la excepción del artículo 41 de la Constitución Política. Antes de analizar el fondo del asunto debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia número 2008002545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa –con algunas excepciones aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la Administración Pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo –instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte– o conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en el sub lite, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues se está ante una denuncia por descarga de aguas pluviales en la propiedad de la parte recurrente, la cual se acusa que no ha sido resuelta dentro de un plazo razonable. Aclarado el punto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta reclamada en este amparo.
II.Objeto del recurso. La parte recurrente alega que son propietarios de un bien inmueble ubicado en San José, Puriscal, Mercedes Sur, Cerbatana, 350 metros suroeste de la escuela pública. Aduce que, desde hace varios años, las aguas servidas y residuales son desviadas y conducidas de forma indebida a través de las cunetas de la red vial nacional hacia la propiedad, desde donde continúan su flujo hasta el cauce de la quebrada Pital, provocando la contaminación directa y sostenida de dicho afluente. Aduce que, dichas cunetas, cuya administración corresponde al Conavi, están siendo utilizadas indebidamente como medio de conducción de aguas residuales, desviándolas hacia la propiedad, lo cual resulta contrario a su finalidad, que es exclusivamente el manejo de aguas pluviales, y sin que exista autorización alguna para dicho uso. Menciona que acudió ante el Ministerio de Salud mediante denuncia formal; sin embargo, a la fecha no se ha realizado inspección ni se ha brindado respuesta efectiva. Solicita la intervención de la Sala.
III.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
IV.Sobre el caso concreto. En el sub lite, la parte recurrente alega que son propietarios de un bien inmueble ubicado en San José, Puriscal, Mercedes Sur, Cerbatana, 350 metros suroeste de la escuela pública. Aduce que, desde hace varios años, las aguas servidas y residuales son desviadas y conducidas de forma indebida a través de las cunetas de la red vial nacional hacia la propiedad, desde donde continúan su flujo hasta el cauce de la quebrada Pital, provocando la contaminación directa y sostenida de dicho afluente. Aduce que, dichas cunetas, cuya administración corresponde al Conavi, están siendo utilizadas indebidamente como medio de conducción de aguas residuales, desviándolas hacia la propiedad, lo cual resulta contrario a su finalidad, que es exclusivamente el manejo de aguas pluviales, y sin que exista autorización alguna para dicho uso. Menciona que acudió ante el Ministerio de Salud mediante denuncia formal; sin embargo, a la fecha no se ha realizado inspección ni se ha brindado respuesta efectiva. Solicita la intervención de la Sala.
Al respecto, de la relación de hechos probados se desprende que 18 de marzo de 2026, la recurrente gestionó denuncia ante el Ministerio de Salud que se tramitó con el consecutivo 287-2026, en relación con el “Vertido de aguas residuales y pluviales desviadas y conducidas a través de cunetas de la red vía nacional hacia la propiedad de los señores Castro Montoya y [Nombre 002], cunetas bajo responsabilidad del CONAVI; la conducción de estas aguas genera problemas de contaminación ambiental materializada en presencia de aguas residuales, pluviales, arrastre de residuos sólidos, erosión de terreno, olores ofensivos”. Además, véase que la recurrente interpuso el amparo el 24 de marzo de 2026.
Así las cosas, se constata que la amparada remitió la gestión al Ministerio de Salud el 18 de marzo de 2026 y acudió en amparo el 24 de marzo siguiente; es decir, menos de una semana después. Semejante lapso no es de tal envergadura como para sostener prima facie que, al momento en que la petente planteó el reclamo, se esté frente a un plazo irrazonable y desproporcionado que amerite la intervención de la Sala.
En todo caso, del informe rendido bajo juramento se desprende que ya se realizó la inspección y el informe técnico, por lo que se emitieron una serie de recomendaciones, según se desprende del documento MS-DRRSCS-ARS-PT-2005-01-2026.
Por consiguiente, en los términos en que fue planteado el recurso, se descarta una lesión de raigambre constitucional que amerite la intervención de la Sala en este momento, por lo que se desestima el amparo por prematuro. Sin demérito de lo expuesto, deberá tomar nota la autoridad recurrida a fin de que realicen las acciones necesarias para asegurar la integridad física de la recurrente y vecinos de la zona y, en caso de que no haya ocurrido, comuniquen a la accionante de forma clara y expresa una respuesta final sobre su gestión, sin dilaciones indebidas.
V.Nota del magistrado Castillo Víquez, en cuanto a la justicia administrativa pronta y cumplida. He apoyado la tesis de este Tribunal, de que cuando el justiciable alega una vulneración al derecho a una justicia pronta y cumplida en sede administrativa, quienes deben conocer la controversia jurídica son los Tribunales de lo Contencioso-Administrativo y no esta Sala. Ahora bien, con la reciente promulgación de la Ley n.° 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, se ha establecido que ese derecho es susceptible de tutela judicial por medio del recurso de amparo establecido por el artículo 32 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, en relación con el artículo 27 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, en aquellos casos en que el peticionario considere que las actuaciones materiales de la Administración, sus actos administrativos o su respuesta le estén afectando sus derechos fundamentales.
A mi modo de ver, la normativa recién promulgada no implica que este Tribunal deba modificar su línea jurisprudencial, quien, con base en el numeral 7 de su Ley, le corresponde definir exclusivamente su propia competencia. Por ende, salvo aquellas controversias jurídico-constitucionales que han sido reconocidas por esta misma Sala como supuestos de excepción, que sí proceden ser conocidas en esta jurisdicción a través del proceso constitucional de garantía del amparo, en los demás casos, y por las razones que ha dado este Tribunal (sentencia N° 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008), los competentes son los Jueces de la jurisdicción de lo contencioso-administrativo, todo lo cual es conforme al numeral 25, de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, el Derecho de la Constitución (valores, principios y normas) y las normas legales correspondientes con base en una interpretación lógica, sistémica y teleológica del ordenamiento.
VI.Nota del magistrado Salazar Alvarado. En asuntos ambientales, es también criterio del suscrito, de que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, considero que su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente acusa que desde hace varios años, las aguas servidas y residuales son desviadas y conducidas de forma indebida a través de las cunetas de la red vial nacional hacia la propiedad, desde donde continúan su flujo hasta el cauce de la quebrada Pital, provocando la contaminación directa y sostenida de dicho afluente, en detrimento de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
VII.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel u objetos o pruebas contenidos en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte que será destruido todo material que no sea recogido dentro de ese lapso, con base en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (aprobado por la Corte Plena en el artículo XXVI de la sesión nro. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011 y publicado en el Boletín Judicial nro. 19 del 26 de enero de 2012) y en el artículo LXXXI de la sesión del Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial nro. 43-12 de 3 de mayo de 2012.
Por tanto:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso. Tome nota la autoridad recurrida de lo indicado in fine del considerando IV de esta sentencia. El magistrado Castillo Víquez consigna nota. El magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota. Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Document not found. Documento no encontrado.