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Res. 20319-2026 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 05/06/2026
OutcomeResultado
The amparo is granted, ordering the respondent authorities to coordinate to solve the wastewater problem at La Verbena Condominium within 12 months and AyA to solve external management within 24 months.Se declara con lugar el amparo y se ordena a las autoridades recurridas coordinar para resolver el problema de aguas residuales del Condominio La Verbena en 12 meses y al AyA solucionar el manejo externo en 24 meses.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber granted an amparo action filed by a resident of La Verbena Condominium in Alajuelita against the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA) and the Ministry of Health. The petitioner complained of persistent wastewater overflow and mismanagement in the condominium, affecting public health and the environment, unresolved for years. AyA argued the internal sewer system is private and cannot use public funds; the Ministry claimed AyA should intervene. The Chamber did not rule on whether the system is public or private, but ordered both entities to coordinate and resolve the problem within twelve months, and AyA to solve the external wastewater management within twenty-four months. The State and AyA were ordered to pay costs. Judge Garro Vargas issued a partial dissent regarding enforcement, referring it to the Administrative Court.La Sala Constitucional declara con lugar un amparo interpuesto por un vecino del Condominio La Verbena, en Alajuelita, contra el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) y el Ministerio de Salud. Los recurrentes denunciaron un problema persistente de desbordamiento y mal manejo de aguas residuales en el condominio, que afecta la salud pública y el ambiente, sin solución efectiva durante años. El AyA alegó que el sistema de alcantarillado interno es privado y no puede invertir recursos públicos; el Ministerio de Salud sostuvo que debe intervenir el AyA. La Sala no determinó la naturaleza pública o privada del sistema, pero ordenó a ambas entidades coordinar y resolver el problema en doce meses, y al AyA solucionar el manejo externo de aguas residuales en veinticuatro meses. Se condena al Estado y al AyA al pago de costas. La magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto sobre la ejecución, remitiéndola al Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo.
Key excerptExtracto clave
III.- On the specific case... Based on the facts presented, the Chamber finds it uncontroverted that the residents of La Verbena condominium have suffered from poor wastewater management for years, which has been known to the respondent authorities, without them having taken sufficient action to solve it. Therefore, the action is granted. Regarding the legal consequences of this ruling, from a legal standpoint and based on the reports submitted, the problem must be divided into two spheres. On one hand, the management of wastewater inside the condominium. On the other, proper management and treatment outside of it. ...the respondent entities are ordered to carry out the necessary coordination among themselves and arrange what is pertinent to remedy the problem described, whether by issuing sanitary orders, direct intervention, or other means, provided the decision is in accordance with the law and respects the scope of competencies of the entities in charge.III.- Sobre el caso concreto... A partir de los hechos expuestos, la Sala estima como incontrovertido que los vecinos del condominio La Verbena sufren por el mal manejo de aguas residuales desde hace años, lo que ha sido de conocimiento de las autoridades accionadas, sin que a la fecha hayan realizado acciones suficientes para solucionarlo. En ese tanto, se declara con lugar el recurso. En cuanto a las consecuencias jurídicas de este fallo, desde el punto de vista jurídico y tomando como base los informes rendidos, esa problemática debe ser dividida en dos esferas. De un lado está el manejo de las aguas residuales a lo interno del condominio. De otro, el manejo y tratamiento adecuado a lo externo de él. ...se ordena a las instancias recurridas que efectúen entre ellas las coordinaciones necesarias y dispongan lo pertinente para remediar la problemática señalada, ya sea mediante el dictado de órdenes sanitarias, la intervención directa u otra vía, siempre que la decisión esté ajustada a Derecho y respete el ámbito de competencias de las instancias encargadas.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"la Sala estima como incontrovertido que los vecinos del condominio La Verbena sufren por el mal manejo de aguas residuales desde hace años, lo que ha sido de conocimiento de las autoridades accionadas, sin que a la fecha hayan realizado acciones suficientes para solucionarlo."
"the Chamber finds it uncontroverted that the residents of La Verbena condominium have suffered from poor wastewater management for years, which has been known to the respondent authorities, without them having taken sufficient action to solve it."
Considerando III
"la Sala estima como incontrovertido que los vecinos del condominio La Verbena sufren por el mal manejo de aguas residuales desde hace años, lo que ha sido de conocimiento de las autoridades accionadas, sin que a la fecha hayan realizado acciones suficientes para solucionarlo."
Considerando III
"se ordena a las instancias recurridas que efectúen entre ellas las coordinaciones necesarias y dispongan lo pertinente para remediar la problemática señalada, ya sea mediante el dictado de órdenes sanitarias, la intervención directa u otra vía, siempre que la decisión esté ajustada a Derecho y respete el ámbito de competencias de las instancias encargadas."
"the respondent entities are ordered to carry out the necessary coordination among themselves and arrange what is pertinent to remedy the problem described, whether by issuing sanitary orders, direct intervention, or other means, provided the decision is in accordance with the law and respects the scope of competencies of the entities in charge."
Considerando III
"se ordena a las instancias recurridas que efectúen entre ellas las coordinaciones necesarias y dispongan lo pertinente para remediar la problemática señalada, ya sea mediante el dictado de órdenes sanitarias, la intervención directa u otra vía, siempre que la decisión esté ajustada a Derecho y respete el ámbito de competencias de las instancias encargadas."
Considerando III
"Considero que en asuntos ambientales, si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política)"
"I consider that in environmental matters, if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, its knowledge and resolution correspond to the administrative contentious jurisdiction. However, I do address the merits when other rights of the persons affected by the source of contamination are at stake, including health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution)"
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado (Considerando V)
"Considero que en asuntos ambientales, si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política)"
Nota del Magistrado Salazar Alvarado (Considerando V)
"las obras correspondientes no se encuentran asignadas a ningún paquete de obras y no se prevé su solución ni a corto ni mediano plazo."
"the corresponding works are not assigned to any work package, and their solution is not foreseen in the short or medium term."
Hechos probados, informe técnico del ICAA de 9/1/2025 (Considerando II.b)
"las obras correspondientes no se encuentran asignadas a ningún paquete de obras y no se prevé su solución ni a corto ni mediano plazo."
Hechos probados, informe técnico del ICAA de 9/1/2025 (Considerando II.b)
Full documentDocumento completo
Review of the Document CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine thirty hours on June fifth, two thousand twenty-six.
Amparo action processed under case file no. 26-012632-0007-CO, filed by [Name 001], identity card [Value 001], against the INSTITUTO DE ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS (ICAA) and the MINISTERIO DE SALUD (MS).
Whereas:
4. The following is reported under oath by Cristian Alonso Valverde Alpízar, Karla Tatiana Rodríguez Montero, and Leandra Patricia Madrigal Rodríguez, in their respective capacities as acting director of the Dirección General de Salud, director of the Dirección Regional de Rectoría de la Salud Central Sur, and acting director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita: "LEGAL REPORT By means of official letter No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-304-2026, dated May 12, 2026, signed by the undersigned, Dr. Leandra Madrigal Rodríguez, Acting Director of the Área Rectora de Salud Alajuelita, the following is detailed: "(…) II. OF THE ACTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND THE SPECIFIC CASE. Relevant facts in chronological order: BACKGROUND 1. The existing problem in Condominio La Verbena related to the treatment and final disposal of wastewater is known to the Ministry of Health of Alajuelita, given that it is a social housing condominium and there is no record of an internal structure that administers the common areas and ensures compliance with rules for healthy coexistence and sanitary situations. 2.
Related to the previous point, in Gazette No. 46 of March 8, 2010, through Executive Decree No. 35759-S, "Declaratory of Public and National Interest of the Construction Project for the Pumping Station, Impulse Line, and Canal Bridge," the following is literally cited: • CONSIDERING 3º—That currently it is of public interest to solve the problem of conduction and disposal of wastewater from the urbanizations La Guaria, La Verbena, Las Bedollas (Read Bellotas added by the undersigned), La Corina, and the Colegio Teodoro Picado, located in the district of San Felipe, canton of Alajuelita, province of San José. • Article 1º—Declare of public and national interest, the "Construction Project for the Pumping Station, Impulse Line, and Canal Bridge," to be carried out by the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Same as the original. • Article 2º—Public Institutions, to the extent of their possibilities and within the legal framework of their competencies, will collaborate and coordinate with the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, to execute the construction of the works necessary to comprehensively resolve the problem of conduction and disposal of wastewater.
Same as the original. (Folio 00186) 3. As evidenced in the previous decree, the sanitation problem in the northern zone of San Felipe involves: • Urbanización Boulevard La Guardia • Condominio La Verbena • Urbanización Garabito • Urbanización Nuevo Horizonte • Liceo Teodoro Picado (and the Esc. Los Pinos which is on the same property) 4. That, in follow-up to the above, the Ministry has made efforts before AyA to learn about the progress and even more so knowing that the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ) currently exists. • On August 31, 2023, a meeting was held at the AyA offices located in Goicoechea at the request of the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita and the Municipality to learn about the progress of the Project for expansions in the sanitary sewer network and to present the current situation of certain canton urbanizations (including La Verbena). • Participating in the meeting were Mayor Modesto Alpízar Luna, Vice Mayor Rosario Siles Fernández (current mayor), director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita Dr. Roberto Madrigal Abarca, the Environmental Manager of the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita, and Engineer Juan Pablo Vargas Brenes from the UEN de Tratamiento of AyA.
Among the relevant facts that AyA reports is that the economic content of the project for the improvement of the sanitary sewer network of the San Felipe urbanizations was destined for other projects and that one of the problems faced in the design is that on the right bank of the Quebrada Herrera there is squatting on land belonging to the protection area of the stream and that the wastewater pipes are intended to be passed through there. (Folios 00106 to 00108) • On December 19, 2025, through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-1335-2025, the Área Rectora formally requested the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) to report on the progress status of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ) in relation to the solution of the sanitary sewer systems in the northern zone of San Felipe. (Folio 00149 to 00150) 5. That on February 9, 2026, the Dirección General de Salud of the Ministry of Health forwarded to the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita the request for intervention due to the overflow of raw sewage from Condominio La Verbena affecting a house located in Urbanización Garabito, and attached documents are provided that refer to actions taken by the affected persons.
(Folios 00151 to 00162) 6. On February 11, 2026, Licda. Yendry Muñoz Vásquez carried out an inspection, with prior request for the address of the house affected by the wastewater overflow and coordination of the visit. During the visit, wastewater seepage was confirmed in the backyard of the house owned by Yesenia Angulo Fernández, apparently coming from Condominio La Verbena. On this day, Condominio La Verbena was also visited, where [Name 001] attended, who explained the sector's problem and provided relevant information: • Mr. Canales states he is the president of the Asociación de Desarrollo Integral Puente a Puente (Urb. Corina Rodríguez, La Guapil, Verbena, La Aurora). • During the visit, wastewater overflows onto sidewalks, streets, and storm drains were confirmed. • We were provided with a copy of Legislative Bill Files No. 24.488 and 25.178, which at that date were in the Asamblea Legislativa for analysis and approval. • That the first bill is called: "Ley de Modernización y Acceso Equitativo a Servicios Públicos en Condominios de Interés Social" and seeks to reform Articles 10 and 39 of Law No. 7933, Ley Reguladora de la Propiedad en Condominio, so that, in social interest condominiums, utility installations such as electricity, telecommunications, water, water pumps, wastewater treatment wells, stormwater management, and others must be transferred to the service provider. • That the second bill is called: "Excepción del Condominio La Verbena, del Distrito San Felipe de Alajuelita, de la Ley Reguladora de la Propiedad en Condominio, N°7933", which seeks, in summary, to eliminate the condominium regime and transfer the common areas to Costa Rican state institutions.
(Folios 00163 to 00185) The foregoing is recorded in inspection report No. Y-038-2026. 7. On February 12, 2026, a consultation email was sent to William Leininger Sancho and Daniel Hernández Kauert, both AyA officials (Op. and Maintenance of the RyT Collection System), requesting a response to official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-1335-2025. Additionally, they are informed that the project is linked to active cases (REP.CS. No. 3007-2025, 3458-2025, 825-2025 and CARTA-MS-DGS-HT-063-2026) and that it involves a problem related to environmental sanitation, pipe repair, and discharge rehabilitation, and the requested information is of a priority nature, in order to: • Determine the real execution status of the project. • Coordinate the pending inter-institutional meeting. • Define commitments and an action schedule for the year 2026. (Folios 00187 to 00188) 8. On February 13, 2026, Daniel Hernández Kauert informed via email that a response had already been given through official letter UEN-PC-2026-00075, and the response report was provided; however, upon review of the official email of the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita, there was no evidence of what Mr.
Hernández indicated. In the response report to official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-1335-2025 issued by the Área Rectora de Salud, AyA reports the following in summary: • AyA indicated that the existing systems in the area currently only collect wastewater, without adequate treatment, so the proposed technical solution consists of making interconnections to the Tiribí collector and conveying the water to the PTAR Los Tajos. This requires new pipes, aerial crossings, manholes, and complementary sanitary infrastructure works. • Likewise, AyA reported that the execution of said works has been limited by difficulties associated with the acquisition of easements (servidumbres), squatting in precarious conditions, complex social conditions, criminality, and situations of violence on the banks of the Tiribí River, which have impeded the performance of field work and the progress of the project in the area. • Finally, said institution concludes that, although the PMAAMSJ remains active and the search for financing and approvals for pending works continues, the interconnections required for the San Felipe de Alajuelita area are not currently assigned to a package of works, and a solution is not anticipated in the short or medium term.
See folios 00187 to 00200. 9. With the information provided by AyA described in the previous point and the inspection carried out on February 11, 2026, Licda. Yendry Muñoz Vásquez, issues technical report IT-MS-DRRSCS-033-2026, which provides an analysis of the documentary information and the information generated in the field about the existing problem. As relevant aspects in this report, the following is concluded and recommended: Conclusions: Recommendations: 1. Convene an urgent inter-institutional technical meeting (AyA, Municipalidad de Alajuelita, Ministry of Health, Community Representation) to analyze: • Real status of the treatment plant • Scope of the Manejo Integral de Aguas San Felipe Project • Institutional competencies • Financing or technical intervention alternatives • Request AyA to expand its technical criteria regarding a possible operational intervention. 2. Analyze: • Transitory mitigation alternatives, mainly because AyA is already charging for Sewage Consumption (ȼ17,244) and a fixed Sewage charge (ȼ1,200), according to a water bill provided by one of the condominium residents, see Annex 3. • Possibility of partial operational intervention. • Legal route regarding: • The condominium regime, • Legislative bills File No. 24.488 (Ley de Modernización y Acceso Equitativo a Servicios Públicos en Condominios de Interés Social), • File No. 25.178 (Excepción del Condominio La Verbena en el Distrito San Felipe de Alajuelita de la Ley Reguladora de la Propiedad en Condominio Número 7933), and • Executive Decree No. 35759-S, where the Declaratory of Public and National Interest for the Construction Project for the Pumping Station, Impulse Line, and Canal Bridge was decreed, which encompassed this condominium and surrounding urbanizations with the same problem.
See folios 00201 to 00206. 10. On February 18, 2026, in follow-up to technical report IT-MS-DRRSCS-033-2026, legal advice was requested from the Dirección Regional de Rectoría de la Salud Central Sur through official letter No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-0146-2026, so that Asuntos Jurídicos could issue an opinion on the legal route applicable to Condominio La Verbena, district San Felipe de Alajuelita, considering that: 1. The sanitary problem linked to the treatment plant is conditioned by the regime of condominium property. 2. There are legislative bills in process that could directly affect the legal and administrative nature of the condominium: • File No. 24.488, Ley de Modernización y Acceso Equitativo a Servicios Públicos en Condominios de Interés Social. • File No. 25.178, Excepción del Condominio La Verbena en el Distrito San Felipe de Alajuelita de la Ley Reguladora de la Propiedad en Condominio N° 7933. 3.
There is also Executive Decree No. 35759-S, by which the Construction Project for the Pumping Station and Impulse Line was declared of Public and National Interest, the scope and validity of which require updated legal analysis. Given that AyA's report points out structural and social limitations for the execution of the planned works, and considering that the situation generates sanitary implications for a population in a vulnerable condition, it is deemed necessary to have a regional legal opinion to guide the administrative actions of the Ministry of Health and the corresponding inter-institutional coordination. See folios 00207 to 00208. 11. That same day (02/18/2026), regional technical support was requested through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-0147-2026, with the objective of strengthening the institutional technical criteria and seeking a comprehensive solution that safeguards public health, without generating disproportionate effects on the vulnerable population.
See folios 00209 to 00210. 12. Furthermore, that same day, a response was given to the Dirección General de Salud through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-0148-2026 regarding the transfer of intervention on the problem of wastewater overflow from Condominio La Verbena. See folios 00211 to 00213. 13. On February 19, 2026, Dr. Nelson Cordero Rodríguez, Regional Director, responded to the request for regional technical support. In the important aspects, he indicates the following: "Based on the foregoing and taking into consideration all that has been stated, it is considered pertinent to prepare an official letter addressed to the Dirección General de Salud (DGS), informing them of the actions taken by the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita and formally requesting their intervention, as it is essential to involve the Presidencia Ejecutiva of AyA for the analysis of the noted recommendation." See folio 00215. 14.
On March 3, 2026, official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL0162-2026 was notified to the DGS, requesting the following from the Dirección General: • Formally manage the involvement of the Presidencia Ejecutiva of AyA for the technical and strategic analysis of the case. • Define, from the central level, the institutional route regarding competencies, technical feasibility, and solution alternatives. • Assess the convening of a high-level technical table for the comprehensive attention to sanitation in the northern zone of San Felipe. Given the social, legal, and technical complexity of the case, it exceeds the resolution capacity of the local and regional level, which is why strategic direction from the Dirección General de Salud is deemed essential. (Folios 00216 to 00218) 15. On March 17, 2026, an inspection was carried out with Chemical Engineer Wilson González Arce in follow-up to the request for regional technical support made through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-0147-2026.
During the inspection, [Name 001] (the complainant) was in attendance. Among the relevant facts obtained during the visit is the following information provided: • That AyA has not made field visits to the Condominium. • That the houses that make up the condominium are charged for sanitary sewer service on their water bills. (Folio 00223) 16. On March 19, 2026, Mrs. Yesenia Angulo Fernández informed the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita via email that, after the cleaning carried out in the back part of her house by the neighbors of Condominio La Verbena, she no longer had wastewater seepage, and at the same time, she requests that follow-up continue, as she recognizes that the elimination of the problem is due to a palliative and not a definitive measure. 17. On March 23, the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita informed the Dirección Regional that it will proceed with the closure of Yesenia Angulo Fernández's case due to her communication regarding the elimination of the wastewater seepage into her house.
(Folio 00226) 18. On April 7, 2026, at the request of [Name 001], a meeting was held, and the following was made known: • He reports that he presented the case to the Defensoría de los Habitantes so that this institution could pressure the actions proposed before AyA. • That the first legislative bill No. 24.488 was already approved in the Asamblea Legislativa, and publication in the Gazette is awaited. • That the second legislative bill No. 25.178 (specific) is in committee to be approved and is in 13th place in the Asamblea Legislativa. In this meeting, it was agreed that the Ministry of Health would provide information to the Defensoría de los Habitantes when requested, and Mr. Canales provided a copy of the updated second bill. (Folios 00228 to 00235) 19. On April 9, 2026, the regional level reported the visit date by the Central Level in response to official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-0162-2026.
(Folio 00237) 20. On April 10, 2026, the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita was notified, through official letter CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-0995-2026, of the response to the request made to legal affairs of the regional level through CARTA-MS-DRRSCSARSAL-0146-2026, indicating the following: “…it must be recognized that only Asuntos Jurídicos is empowered to issue and endorse legal criteria and opinions. However, after analyzing what was requested and given that it stems from generalities regarding complaint handling, we are permitted to communicate: The Autoridad Sanitaria, as announced in technical report IT-MS-DRRSCS033-2026, prepared by Licda. Yendry Muñoz Vásquez, confirmed in Condominio La Verbena the denounced problem that keeps the risk to Public Health latent. For this reason, it is necessary that the Área Rectora de Salud Alajuelita, for the specific case and urgently, proceed with the issuance of the corresponding administrative acts that allow for establishing the responsibility of each and every one of the intervening parties.
The foregoing is because the implementation or progress of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental del Área Metropolitana de San José (PMAAMSJ), the charging for sewage consumption and fixed sewage charge, the lack of a date to carry out inter-institutional coordination, nor the alleged legislative bills that remain unresolved, can be above the Principle of Legality that assists the Public Administration, nor can they be conditioning factors that keep the sanitary problem and the accredited impact latent. Regarding a possible route, it is necessary to indicate that the technical report referred to in the recommendations section is not remiss in terms of a presumed line of attention for the promoted complaint, so the Local Level, together with the imminent issuance of administrative acts, must implement actions that seek to finalize the problem that has occurred." (Folios 00238 to 00239) 21.
On April 14, 2026, Licda. Yendry Muñoz Vásquez sent the information requested by the Defensoría de los Habitantes via email. (Folio 00240) That same day, Mr. Daniel Hernández Kauert, an AyA official, copied an email to the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita that was addressed to [Name 001], informing him of the following: "In this regard, in accordance with the current legal framework, AyA is not empowered to invest public resources or execute operational tasks (such as sewer unclogging) in systems that are not under its administration. Regarding your consultation on the intervention of the Ministry of Health, you are informed that this entity is the competent authority in matters of public health and environmental sanitation. Therefore, when situations arise that may represent a sanitary risk, such as wastewater spills, it is up to that entity to issue the respective sanitary orders to the person responsible for the system, so that the necessary corrective actions are executed.
On this particular matter, AyA opportunely communicated the situation to the Ministry of Health through official letters DRyT-OMSR-2025-00625 and DRyT-OMSR-2025-0715. On the other hand, and in response to your most recent action, through service order 54066134, a field inspection was carried out, in which water runoff was observed on the gravel road, coming from a storm drain system manhole. It is important to indicate that the operation and maintenance of the stormwater network corresponds to the respective Municipality. For this reason, through official letter DRyT-OMSR-2026-187, the case was forwarded to said entity for assessment." (Folios 00241 to 00244) In this same email, Vice Mayor Jonathan Arrieta Ulloa is notified of the transfer of the problem in Condominio La Verbena, indicating that AyA detected anomalies in the stormwater system. (Folio 00244) 22. On April 16, 2026, the scheduled joint visit was carried out, joined by Eng.
Derek Fallas Amador from the Department of Urban Control of the Municipalidad de Alajuelita, Eng. Allan Bolaños Benavides from the Regional Level, Licda. Diana Vindas Corrales, and Eng. Nelson Artavia Vega, the latter two from the Central Level. During this visit, we were attended by [Name 001] and other residents of the Condominium. In this inspection, a tour of the site was conducted in order to verify the final disposal of wastewater. Once again, wastewater overflows in common areas, bad odors, housing expansions into common areas, and wastewater discharges into the storm sewer were confirmed. The foregoing is recorded in inspection report No. Y-050-2026. (See folio 00245) 23. On April 24, 2026, technical report IT-DRRSCS-URS-0211-2026 signed by Eng. Wilson González Arce was received, concluding the following: • In the records of wastewater treatment system construction projects kept in the Región Central Sur, there is no evidence that there is an approved water treatment system at the site.
It should be noted that the first version of the Reglamento de Aprobación de Sistemas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales, decree No. 39887-S-MINAE, was decree No. 31545-S-MINAE of October 9, 2003; before that date, there is no certainty that there was any regulation regarding STAR on the part of the Ministry of Health. • The Ley Constitutiva Instituto Costarricense Acueductos y Alcantarillados, Law 2726, Article 2. STATES: ARTICLE 2º.- The Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados is responsible for: … g) Directly administering and operating the aqueduct and sewer systems throughout the country, which will be gradually assumed, taking into account convenience and availability of resources. The systems that are currently administered and operated by municipal corporations may continue to be under their charge, as long as they provide efficient service. Under no circumstances may it delegate the administration of the aqueduct and sanitary sewer systems of the Area Metropolitana.
Nor may it delegate the administration of systems for which there is financial responsibility and as long as this responsibility corresponds directly to the Institute… • It should be indicated that the role and scope of the functions of the Unidad de Rectoría is purely technical, for which support is provided, and it does not involve administrative actions. (Folios 00247 to 00251) 24. On April 30, 2026, the Report of the Unidad de Gestión de Salud Ambiental (MS-DSA-UGSA-0452-2026) was received, which is the result of the joint visit carried out on 04/16/2026. In said report, the following is concluded and recommended to the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita: CONCLUSIONS • Obstructions in the manholes and existing system are confirmed, generating wastewater overflows in different sectors, affecting public health and the environment. • An absence of wastewater treatment at the site is evidenced; although the existence of a treatment system is indicated, it was not possible to verify it because the area is completely inaccessible.
Furthermore, there are no official procedures or records regarding the installation or operation of a treatment plant or other system, so the wastewater is discharged without treatment into the adjacent body of water. • There is institutional responsibility on the part of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), an entity that has previously intervened in the area. Potable water is supplied by said entity, and the residents indicate and present evidence that AyA charges for the sanitary sewer concept, without there being evidence of an effective treatment system associated with the site. • The existence of irregular constructions at the site is determined, without the corresponding municipal permits; housing expansions, constructions on sidewalks, and other practices are observed, which aggravate the conditions of the environment and reflect non-compliance with current urban planning regulations. • A significant accumulation of solid waste was observed in the northwestern sector of the condominium, affecting Public Health and contributing to environmental degradation.
RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended to request the Dirección Regional Rectoría de Salud Central Sur and the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita to do the following: • Issue an administrative act to the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), so that, within a period of 10 business days: Execute actions to eliminate obstructions and overflows of wastewater in the existing manholes and collection system. • Guarantee the adequate operation of the existing collection system. • Present a technical plan for preventive and corrective maintenance to avoid future impacts. • Request AyA, via official letter, to present a remedial plan with established deadlines, responsible parties, and concrete actions to provide a timely solution for the treatment of the wastewater generated at the site, based on the fact that it is the entity that supplies potable water in the area and charges for the sanitary sewer service at the location.
Evaluate a possibility of interconnection to existing systems (e.g., Tiribí collector). • Carry out the necessary coordination with the Municipalidad de Alajuelita for the cleaning and elimination of solid waste accumulations at the site. • Refer the case, via official letter, to the Municipalidad de Alajuelita regarding the illegal constructions present at the site, so that the actions to be taken regarding the matter can be defined. (Folios 00252 to 00258) 25. On May 11, 2026, Eng. Lourdes Sáurez Barboza, Executive President of Acueductos y Alcantarillados, was notified of official letter No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-0303-2026, where the comprehensive remedial plan – wastewater problem Condominio La Verbena and surrounding sectors, San Felipe de Alajuelita, was requested, in follow-up to the recommendations issued in report MS-DSA-UGSA-0452-2026. (Folios 00260 to 00262 and folios 00267 to 00269).
On this day, the persons copied on the official letter were also notified by email. 26. On this same day, sanitary orders No. 049-2026 and 050-2026 were notified to Eng. Lourdes Sáurez Barboza, Executive President of Acueductos y Alcantarillados, and Roberto Guzmán Gutiérrez, General Manager of AyA, requesting the following from both: • Execute actions to eliminate obstructions and overflows of wastewater in the existing manholes and collection system. • Guarantee the adequate operation of the existing collection system. • Present a technical plan for preventive and corrective maintenance to avoid future impacts before the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita. The foregoing, in follow-up to the recommendations issued in report MS-DSA-UGSA0452-2026. (Folios 00263 to 00266). It is important to indicate that the Ministry of Health, in the exercise of its competencies for sanitary stewardship and surveillance of risks to public health, has provided follow-up to the case through various technical and administrative actions.
In that sense, it is recorded in the administrative file that this Área Rectora has carried out sanitary inspections, issued technical reports, official communications, and inter-institutional coordination with the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), related to the denounce problem. Particularly, on February 13, 2026, a technical visit was made to the denounced site, which gave rise to Technical Report No. IT-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-033-2026, in which wastewater seepage and sanitary impacts associated with the existing system were documented. As a product of this technical assessment, this Área Rectora issued recommendations directed to AyA, given that the identified problem corresponds to a structural issue linked to the sanitary sewer system and wastewater management. Likewise, coordination and meeting requests were promoted with institutional representatives, in order to seek alternatives for attention and follow-up of the case.
Additionally, this Ministry has sent official communications to different regional and national instances, reiterating the need for intervention and follow-up of the identified sanitary problem. III. ON THE SCOPE OF COMPETENCIES OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH 1 It should be noted that the Ministry of Health acts as the governing body in sanitary matters, with competencies for surveillance, control, and coordination in the protection of public health.
2 However, the technical solution, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, and execution of works related to sanitary sewer systems and wastewater conveyance is the responsibility of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), in accordance with the current legal framework. 3 In the present case, the problem described by the petitioner corresponds mainly to structural deficiencies in the sanitary sewer system and wastewater disposal of the La Verbena Condominium, the definitive technical resolution of which requires the direct intervention of AyA. 4 In that regard, this Health Authority has carried out the coordination, follow-up, and stewardship actions that fall within its scope of competence. IV. ON THE IDENTIFIED HEALTH RISK 5 This Governing Health Area (Área Rectora) acknowledges that the situations described in the file may pose a health risk (riesgo sanitario) to the population, particularly due to the possible exposure to wastewater and environmental impacts resulting from the collapse of the existing system. 6 Precisely for this reason, the Ministry of Health has maintained technical and administrative follow-up of the case, documenting the findings identified and forwarding the corresponding recommendations to the competent institutions. 7 However, it must be reiterated that the structural and definitive solution to the reported problem does not depend exclusively on this Health Authority, but rather on the execution of technical measures and infrastructure works by AyA.
(…)” From the foregoing and based on the facts set forth by the petitioner, it is determined that this Ministry’s actions are in full conformity with the current legal system, given that in the exercise of health stewardship and public health risk surveillance, the condition of structural deficiencies in the sanitary sewer system and wastewater disposal of the La Verbena Condominium has been recognized, and it is evident from official communication No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-304-2026 that the health authority of the Área Rectora de Salud Alajuelita has carried out the corresponding actions within the scope of its legal and technical competencies, verifying that there are indeed obstructions in the inspection chambers (cajas de registro) and existing system, causing wastewater overflows in the aforementioned Condominium and surrounding areas, affecting public health and the environment.
Follow-up has been provided on the case through various technical and administrative actions, such as the issuance of administrative acts notified to the executive president and the general manager of Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Additionally, we reiterate, this Ministry has sent official communications to various regional and national bodies, insisting on the need for intervention and follow-up on the identified health problem. We express the Ministerial commitment to contribute in coordination with other State institutions in adherence to the structural technical solution agreed upon in the San Felipe Integrated Water Management Environmental Improvement Project (Proyecto de Mejoramiento Ambiental Manejo Integral de Aguas San Felipe, PMAAMSJ), which includes inter-institutional coordination between AyA, the Municipality of Alajuelita, community representatives, and this Ministry.
It is important to note, Your Honor, that the Ministry of Health acts as the governing body in health matters, with surveillance, control, and coordination competencies in the protection of public health; however, the technical solution, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, and execution of works related to sanitary sewer systems and wastewater conveyance is the responsibility of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), in accordance with the current legal framework. As such, we consider that no right has been violated against the petitioner herein.”
Drafted by Judge Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
I.Purpose of the appeal. The appellant indicates that they are a resident of the La Verbena Condominium. They state that this condominium has suffered from wastewater (aguas residuales) management problems for years. They affirm that they went to the respondent authorities. However, this problem has not been solved.
II.Proven facts. Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly demonstrated, either because they have been thus accredited or because the respondent has omitted to refer to them, as provided in the initial order:
Criminality, violence, and the invasion of land through informal settlements (precarios) are the greatest difficulties encountered when carrying out work in the zone. Despite the fact that the PMAAMSJ is active and that the AyA works constantly to execute the pending works of the project, due to the difficulties encountered in the zone and the complexity of their solution, the corresponding works are not assigned to any works package and their solution is not foreseen in either the short or medium term. VI. Recommendations Restart a process of engagement with the institutions involved to determine an activity program that solves the problem in the zone. If the problem in the zone of easements does not appear to have a favorable outlook in terms of a short-term solution, a solution that reduces the benefited area but that manages to provide collection services to the majority of the population of the northern zone of San Felipe de Alajuelita should be evaluated.” (See report rendered and evidence provided).
Drinking water is supplied by said entity, and residents indicate and present evidence that AyA charges for the concept of sanitary sewerage, without there being evidence of an effective associated treatment system at the site. • The existence of irregular constructions at the site is determined, without the corresponding municipal permits; housing expansions, constructions on sidewalks, and other practices are observed, which aggravate the conditions of the environment and reflect non-compliance with current urban planning regulations. • A significant accumulation of solid waste was observed in the northwest sector of the condominium, affecting Public Health and contributing to environmental degradation. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended to request the Central South Health Governing Regional Directorate (Dirección Regional Rectoría de Salud Central Sur) and the Health Governing Area of Alajuelita to: • Issue an administrative act to the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), so that, within a period of 10 business days: It executes actions to eliminate obstructions and overflows of wastewater in the existing inspection chambers and collector system. • Guarantee the adequate operation of the existing collection system. • Present a technical plan for preventive and corrective maintenance to avoid future effects. • Request, by official communication, the AyA to submit a remedial plan, with established deadlines, responsible parties, and concrete actions, to provide a timely solution for the treatment of the wastewater generated at the site, based on the fact that it is the entity that supplies drinking water in the zone and charges for the sanitary sewerage service at the location.
Evaluate a possibility of interconnection to existing systems (e.g., Tiribí collector) • Make the necessary coordination with the Municipality of Alajuelita (Municipalidad de Alajuelita) for the cleaning and elimination of solid waste accumulations at the site. • Refer the case, by official communication, to the Municipality of Alajuelita, regarding the illegal constructions present at the site, so that the actions to be taken on the matter are defined.” (See report rendered and evidence provided).
III.On the specific case. In the sub examine, the appellant indicates that they are a resident of the La Verbena Condominium. They state that this condominium has suffered from wastewater management problems for years. They affirm that they went to the respondent authorities. However, this problem has not been solved.
Having analyzed the judicial orders, the Chamber has deemed it proven that, on an undetermined date, residents of the La Verbena Condominium reported a wastewater management problem to the respondents. In the technical report of January 9, 2025, prepared in response to letter MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-1335-2025 from the Ministry of Health, the ICAA stated: “V. Conclusions The northern zone of San Felipe de Alajuelita currently has a wastewater sewer system that only has the capacity to provide wastewater collection services and not their respective treatment. Due to the topographical conditions of the zone, the waters naturally drain to the West bank of the Tiribí River, so the optimal technical solution is to make interconnections with the Tiribí collector that is located on the East bank of said river. The interconnections have a design but for their execution to take place, it is necessary to be able to register several easements in the name of the AyA.
On the banks of the Tiribí River in San Felipe de Alajuelita and Hatillo de San José, there are social conditions that hinder and make impossible the field work for the registration of easements and the execution of the project. Criminality, violence, and the invasion of land through informal settlements are the greatest difficulties encountered when carrying out work in the zone. Despite the fact that the PMAAMSJ is active and that the AyA works constantly to execute the pending works of the project, due to the difficulties encountered in the zone and the complexity of their solution, the corresponding works are not assigned to any works package and their solution is not foreseen in either the short or medium term. VI. Recommendations Restart a process of engagement with the institutions involved to determine an activity program that solves the problem in the zone. If the problem in the zone of easements does not appear to have a favorable outlook in terms of a short-term solution, a solution that reduces the benefited area but that manages to provide collection services to the majority of the population of the northern zone of San Felipe de Alajuelita should be evaluated.” By official communication DRyT-OMSR-2025-00715 dated October 9, 2025, the ICAA informed the Health Governing Area of Alajuelita: “In response to the complaint filed with the AyA Service Comptroller (GESTION REP.CS Nº 3458 2025), it is required to inform that the AyA has been carrying out multiple tasks to mitigate the wastewater problem in the La Verbena Condominium, located in San Felipe de Alajuelita.
However, currently, the problem that occurs at the site requires investments to repair the pipes, rehabilitate the discharge, and maintain green areas, to have access to be able to provide adequate maintenance. These tasks are the responsibility of the Condominium Owners and the AyA cannot allocate resources to solve a problem of a private nature, as it would be misusing public funds. Due to the foregoing and given that the Ministry of Health is the governmental entity responsible for ensuring the correct use and discharge of waters to the corresponding systems, the case is transferred to you so that you analyze the situation and manage the necessary actions, in accordance with your competencies.” By technical report IT-MS-DRRSCS-033- 2026 dated February 18, 2026, the Ministry of Health verified the leakage of wastewater in the La Verbena Condominium. According to technical report IT-DRRSCS-URS-0211-2026 dated April 24, 2026, from the Ministry of Health: “In the records of construction projects for wastewater treatment systems kept in the Central South Region, there is no evidence whatsoever that there is an approved water treatment system at the site.
It must be noted that the first version of the Regulation for the Approval of Wastewater Treatment Systems, Decree N° 39887-S-MINAE, was Decree Nº 31545-S-MINAE of October 9, 2003; before that date, there is no certainty that there was any standard regarding STAR by the Ministry of Health.” In accordance with official communication MS-DSA-UGSA-0452-2026 dated April 30, 2026, from the Environmental Health Management Unit of the Ministry of Health: “CONCLUSIONS • Obstructions are verified in the inspection chambers and existing system, generating overflows of wastewater in different sectors, affecting public health and the environment. • An absence of wastewater treatment at the site is evident; although the existence of a treatment system is indicated, it was not possible to verify it because the area is completely inaccessible. In addition, there are no official procedures or records regarding the installation or operation of a treatment plant or other system, so the wastewater is discharged without treatment into the adjoining body of water. • There is institutional responsibility on the part of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), an entity that has previously intervened in the zone.
Drinking water is supplied by said entity, and residents indicate and present evidence that AyA charges for the concept of sanitary sewerage, without there being evidence of an effective associated treatment system at the site. • The existence of irregular constructions at the site is determined, without the corresponding municipal permits; housing expansions, constructions on sidewalks, and other practices are observed, which aggravate the conditions of the environment and reflect non-compliance with current urban planning regulations. • A significant accumulation of solid waste was observed in the northwest sector of the condominium, affecting Public Health and contributing to environmental degradation. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended to request the Central South Health Governing Regional Directorate and the Health Governing Area of Alajuelita to: • Issue an administrative act to the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), so that, within a period of 10 business days: It executes actions to eliminate obstructions and overflows of wastewater in the existing inspection chambers and collector system. • Guarantee the adequate operation of the existing collection system. • Present a technical plan for preventive and corrective maintenance to avoid future effects. • Request, by official communication, the AyA to submit a remedial plan, with established deadlines, responsible parties, and concrete actions, to provide a timely solution for the treatment of the wastewater generated at the site, based on the fact that it is the entity that supplies drinking water in the zone and charges for the sanitary sewerage service at the location.
Evaluate a possibility of interconnection to existing systems (e.g., Tiribí collector) • Make the necessary coordination with the Municipality of Alajuelita for the cleaning and elimination of solid waste accumulations at the site. • Refer the case, by official communication, to the Municipality of Alajuelita, regarding the illegal constructions present at the site, so that the actions to be taken on the matter are defined.” By sanitary orders 049-2026 and 050-2026 dated May 11, 2026, the Ministry of Health ordered the ICAA: “• Execute actions to eliminate obstructions and overflows of wastewater in the existing inspection chambers and collector system. • Guarantee the adequate operation of the existing collection system. • Present a technical plan for preventive and corrective maintenance, to avoid future effects before the Health Governing Area of Alajuelita.” By technical report DRyT-OMSR-2026-00246 of May 2026, the ICAA concluded: “…6.
Conclusions 1. The La Verbena Condominium was built with a sanitary sewerage network and a treatment plant, which are the property of the condominium owners. 2. According to the information available, the treatment plant and the sanitary sewerage network do not receive maintenance, and this causes wastewater to spill into the environment without treatment. 3. Given that the treatment plant and the sanitary sewerage network are private property, owned by the condominium owners, the AyA does not provide resources for their maintenance. 4. In its oversight role, the AyA has been informing the Ministry of Health of cases where problems related to wastewater discharge are detected in this Condominium. 5. Even if the AyA develops works that avoid the need for the La Verbena Condominium to have a treatment plant, and that these works facilitate the connection of its wastewater, the operation, safekeeping, and maintenance of the internal network of the La Verbena Condominium will remain the responsibility of the condominium owners, as it is private property.” By report GG-2026-01065 dated May 12, 2026, the ICAA concluded: “Conclusions • The Sanitation initiative: Comprehensive Management of wastewater in the urbanizations of San Felipe de Alajuelita is part of the institutional portfolio of initiatives identified to address needs in the drinking water and sanitation systems. • It is currently in position 57 out of a total of 176 initiatives, according to the current institutional prioritization. • The initiative is (sic) about to be addressed, as it is part of the Work Plan for the year 2026 proposed by the Sanitation Design Directorate.
There is a file on the wastewater situation in the sector dating back to 2009. • Currently, it is seen that the main problem of spills in the condominium is due to the improper discharge of wastewater into the storm drain system, which is obstructed and is administered by the Municipality. • The future wastewater solution in the San Felipe sector will contemplate the construction of networks, branch extensions (sic) and interconnections that can be carried out and are required, as long as they are planned in a public area (sic). • The case of interest presents limitations regarding the construction of works that allow for providing an integral solution, this due to the legal figure of condominium under which the residents of La Verbena are grouped, whereby many of the modifications that are required internally to carry the water (sic) to a single meeting point (sic) must be executed by the condominium owners themselves.” Based on the facts presented, the Chamber deems it uncontroverted that the residents of the La Verbena condominium have suffered from poor wastewater management for years, which has been known to the respondent authorities, without them having performed sufficient actions to date to solve it. In this regard, the appeal is granted.
As to the legal consequences of this ruling, from a legal standpoint and based on the reports rendered, this problem must be divided into two spheres. On one hand, there is the management of wastewater within the condominium. On the other, the proper management and treatment outside of it.
Regarding the first point, there is a dispute between the parties as to the subject who must assume responsibility for the maintenance of the condominium sewerage and the solution to the problems it causes. In this sense, the ICAA maintains – in summary – that it is private property, so it cannot invest public resources in said sewerage. Likewise, it notes that it has not received said sewerage because it suffers from technical deficiencies that make such reception impossible. For its part, the Ministry of Health alleges, among other things, that the ICAA would have charged, on some occasion, for the sewerage service to the residents, and therefore could assume that responsibility.
Regarding this point, this Court determines that it does not correspond to this jurisdiction to resolve on the legal nature of the condominium sewerage – public or private – as it is a matter of legality. For the purposes of this Chamber, the constitutional relevance of the case lies in solving the detected public health problem, which is uncontroverted. In this regard, the respondent authorities are ordered to carry out the necessary coordination among themselves and to provide what is pertinent to remedy the indicated problem, whether through the issuance of sanitary orders, direct intervention, or another means, provided that the decision is in accordance with the Law and respects the scope of competencies of the responsible authorities.
IV.Regarding the treatment and management of wastewater external to the La Verbena condominium, the Chamber notes that the ICAA reported the following:
“Currently, attention to the problem of the sector was registered under the initiative called 'Comprehensive Management of wastewater in the urbanizations of San Felipe de Alajuelita' (Manejo Integral de las aguas residuales en las urbanizaciones de San Felipe de Alajuelita) with which it is intended to carry out the works that are necessary to collect wastewater from several developments in the San Felipe sector, which include the social interest condominium La Verbena, to convey its waters to the operating Tiribí collector. This initiative will be addressed by the Sanitation Directorate (Dirección de Saneamiento) during the second half of this year, as it was scheduled within the 2026 Work Plan, so it is expected to be addressing the project already registered before Mideplan starting in the second half of 2027.” This assertion is also extracted from technical report GG-2026-01065, prepared on the occasion of this process. Given this statement and with the purpose of guaranteeing public health and the restoration of the rights of the appellant party, this Court issues the respective order.
I consider that in environmental matters, if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, their knowledge and resolution corresponds to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. However, I do proceed to hear the merits of the matter when other rights of the people affected by the source of contamination are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (article 50 of the Political Constitution (Constitución Política)), as happens in this case, in which the appellant party accuses the omission, by the Ministry of Health and the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, in addressing the wastewater management problem, which affects the appellant's right to enjoy a healthy, ecologically balanced environment and a dignified level of quality of life.
Although I agree with the majority of the Chamber that the appeal must be granted, I differ on where the enforcement phase of the matter should reside, due to the lack of adequate mechanisms provided for by the regulations governing this constitutional jurisdiction to follow up on a judgment that involves highly complex technical aspects, as is the case here so that within the periods of twelve and twenty-four months, respectively, counted from the notification of this judgment, the ICAA and the Health Governing Area of Alajuelita attend to and definitively resolve the problem of wastewater leakage (filtración de aguas residuales) affecting the La Verbena condominium, as well as the wastewater management problems affecting the urbanizations located in San Felipe de Alajuelita. In contrast, the provisions of the Contentious-Administrative Procedure Code (Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo) regarding enforcement (article 155 and following) have evident advantages, such as the possibility of requesting schedules, imposing fines, establishing responsibilities, supervising compliance stages, etc. Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of article 56 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction (Ley de Jurisdicción Constitucional), I consider that the enforcement phase must be carried out before the Enforcement Area of the Contentious Administrative and Civil Tax Court (Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda), under the rules of judgment enforcement of said Code.
VII.Documentation provided to the file. The parties are warned that, if they have provided any paper document or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that all material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Regulation on Electronic Judicial File before the Judiciary" ("Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial") (approved by the Full Court in article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in the Judicial Bulletin no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and article LXXXI of the session of the Superior Council of the Judiciary (Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial) no. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.
Therefore:
The appeal is granted. Darío Guzmán Álvarez and William Leininger Sancho, each in their respective capacity as general manager and director of Maintenance of Collectors and Subcollectors, Directorate of Collection and Treatment, both of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, and Cristian Alonso Valverde Alpízar, Karla Tatiana Rodríguez Montero, and Leandra Patricia Madrigal Rodríguez, each in their respective capacity as acting director of the Dirección General de Salud, director of the Dirección Regional de Rectoría de la Salud Central Sur, and acting director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita, or whoever holds those positions, are ordered to coordinate the necessary actions and arrange the appropriate measures within the scope of their respective powers so that, within a maximum period of TWELVE MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, the wastewater problem of the La Verbena condominium is resolved, in the terms set forth in this judgment.
Furthermore, Darío Guzmán Álvarez and William Leininger Sancho, each in their respective capacity as general manager and director of Maintenance of Collectors and Subcollectors, Directorate of Collection and Treatment, both of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, or whoever holds those positions, are ordered to coordinate the necessary actions and arrange the appropriate measures within the scope of their respective powers so that, within a maximum period of TWENTY-FOUR MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, the wastewater problem of the San Felipe de Alajuelita housing developments is resolved. The respondent authorities are warned that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, imprisonment from three months to two years or a fine of twenty to sixty days shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued within an amparo appeal, and fails to comply with it or fails to have it complied with, provided that the offense is not more severely penalized.
The State and the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the judgment in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. Judge Salazar Alvarado submits a note. Judge Garro Vargas dissents regarding the enforcement of this judgment and, in accordance with Article 56 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, orders that it must be carried out before the Enforcement Division of the Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, under the enforcement rules established in Articles 155 and following of the Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. She also orders that a copy of the judgment be sent so that the enforcement proceedings of this ruling may be initiated. Notify.
Fernando Castillo V.
President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Telephones: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2220-4607 / 2220-4844. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 mts. Sur de la iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro).
Revisión del Documento SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas treinta minutos del cinco de junio de dos mil veintiseis .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en el expediente nro. 26-012632- 0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001], contra el contra el INSTITUTO DE ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS (ICAA) y el MINISTERIO DE SALUD (MS).
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,
Considerando:
I.Objeto del recurso. La parte recurrente indica que es vecino del Condominio La Verbena. Señala que ese condominio sufre problemas de manejo de aguas residuales desde hace años. Afirma que acudió a las instancias accionadas. Sin embargo, tal problema no ha sido solucionado.
II.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque el recurrido haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
La criminalidad, violencia y la invasión de terrenos por medio de precarios son las mayores dificultades que se han encontrado a la hora de realizar los trabajos en la zona. A pesar de que el PMAAMSJ se encuentra activo y que el AyA labora constantemente para ejecutar las obras pendientes del proyecto, debido a las dificultades encontradas en la zona y la complejidad de su solución, las obras correspondientes no se encuentran asignadas a ningún paquete de obras y no se prevé su solución ni a corto ni mediano plazo. VI. Recomendaciones Reiniciar un proceso de acercamiento con las instituciones involucradas para determinar un programa de actividades que solucione la problemática en la zona. Si para la problemática de la zona de servidumbres no se vislumbra que tenga un panorama favorable en cuanto a su solución a corto plazo, se debe evaluar una solución que reduzca el área beneficiada pero que logre dar los servicios de recolección a la mayoría de la población de la zona norte de San Felipe de Alajuelita”. (Ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
El agua potable es suministrada por dicho ente y los vecinos indican y presentan evidencia de que AyA realiza el cobro por concepto de alcantarillado sanitario, sin que exista evidencia de un sistema efectivo de tratamiento asociado en el sitio. • Se determina la existencia de construcciones irregulares en el sitio, sin los permisos municipales correspondientes; se observan ampliaciones de viviendas, construcciones sobre aceras y otras prácticas, que agravan las condiciones del entorno y reflejan un incumplimiento de la normativa urbanística vigente. • Se observó acumulación significativa de desechos sólidos en sector noroeste del condominio, afectando la Salud Pública y contribuyendo a la degradación ambiental. RECOMENDACIONES Se recomienda solicitar a la Dirección Regional Rectoría de Salud Central Sur y al Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita, lo siguiente: • Emitir acto administrativo al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), para que, en un plazo de 10 días hábiles: Ejecute acciones para eliminar obstrucciones y desbordamientos de aguas residuales, en las cajas de registro y sistema colector existente. • Garantice la operación adecuada del sistema de recolección existente. • Presente un plan técnico de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo, para evitar afectaciones futuras. • Solicitar mediante oficio al AyA la presentación de un plan remedial, con plazos establecidos, responsables y acciones concretas, para brindar una solución oportuna al tratamiento a las aguas residuales generadas en el sitio, partiendo del hecho de que es la entidad que suministra el agua potable en la zona y se cobra el servicio de alcantarillado sanitario en el lugar.
Evaluar una posibilidad de interconexión a sistemas existentes (ej. colector Tiribí) • Realizar las coordinaciones necesarias con la Municipalidad de Alajuelita para la limpieza y eliminación de acumulaciones de residuos sólidos en el sitio. • Remitir mediante oficio, el caso a la Municipalidad de Alajuelita, con relación a las construcciones ilegales presentes en el sitio, a fin de que se definan las acciones a realizar con respecto al tema”. (Ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
III.Sobre el caso concreto. En el sub examine, el recurrente indica que es vecino del Condominio La Verbena. Señala que ese condominio sufre problemas de manejo de aguas residuales desde hace años. Afirma que acudió a las instancias accionadas. Sin embargo, tal problema no ha sido solucionado.
Analizados los autos, la Sala tuvo por probado que, en fecha no determinada, vecinos del Condominio La Verbena denunciaron ante los accionados un problema de manejo de aguas residuales. En informe técnico del 9 de enero de 2025, elaborado en respuesta a la carta MS-DRRSCS-ARSAL-1335-2025 del Ministerio de Salud, el ICAA indicó: “V. Conclusiones La zona norte de San Felipe de Alajuelita cuenta actualmente con un sistema de alcantarillado de aguas residuales que solo tiene la capacidad de dar el servicio de recolección de aguas residuales y no su tratamiento respectivo. Debido a la condiciones topográficas de la zona, las aguas vierten naturalmente al margen Oeste del río Tiribí, por lo que la solución técnica óptima es la de realizar interconexiones con el colector Tiribí que se ubica sobre la margen Este de dicho río. Las interconexiones cuentan con diseño pero para poder darse su ejecución es necesario poder inscribir varias servidumbres a nombre del AyA.
En las márgenes del río Tiribí en San Felipe de Alajuelita y Hatillo de San José, existen condiciones sociales que dificultan e imposibilitan las labores de campo para el registro de servidumbres y la ejecución del proyecto. La criminalidad, violencia y la invasión de terrenos por medio de precarios son las mayores dificultades que se han encontrado a la hora de realizar los trabajos en la zona. A pesar de que el PMAAMSJ se encuentra activo y que el AyA labora constantemente para ejecutar las obras pendientes del proyecto, debido a las dificultades encontradas en la zona y la complejidad de su solución, las obras correspondientes no se encuentran asignadas a ningún paquete de obras y no se prevé su solución ni a corto ni mediano plazo. VI. Recomendaciones Reiniciar un proceso de acercamiento con las instituciones involucradas para determinar un programa de actividades que solucione la problemática en la zona.
Si para la problemática de la zona de servidumbres no se vislumbra que tenga un panorama favorable en cuanto a su solución a corto plazo, se debe evaluar una solución que reduzca el área beneficiada pero que logre dar los servicios de recolección a la mayoría de la población de la zona norte de San Felipe de Alajuelita”. Mediante oficio DRyT-OMSR-2025-00715 del 9 de octubre de 2025, el ICAA indicó al Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita: “En atención a denuncia presentada a la Contraloría de Servicio del AyA (GESTION REP.CS Nº 3458 2025), se requiere informar que el AyA ha venido realizando múltiples labores para mitigar la problemática de las aguas residuales en el Condominio La Verbena, ubicado en San Felipe de Alajuelita. Sin embargo, actualmente, la problemática que se da en el lugar requiere de inversiones para reparar las tuberías, rehabilitar el desfogue, mantenimiento de áreas verdes, para tener acceso para poder dar un adecuado mantenimiento.
Estas labores son responsabilidad de los Condóminos y el AyA no puede destinar recursos para resolver una problemática de carácter privado, ya que estaría haciendo un mal uso de los fondos públicos. Por lo anterior descrito y dado que el Ministerio de Salud es el ente gubernamental responsable de velar por el correcto uso y vertido de las aguas a los sistemas correspondientes, se le traslada el caso para que analice la situación y se gestione las acciones necesarias, conforme a sus competencias”. Mediante informe técnico IT-MS-DRRSCS-033- 2026 del 18 de febrero de 2026, el Ministerio de Salud constató la filtración de aguas residuales en el Condominio la Verbena. Según informe técnico IT-DRRSCS-URS-0211-2026 del 24 de abril de 2026 del Ministerio de Salud: “En los registros de proyectos de construcción de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales que se llevan en la Región Central Sur, no se tiene ninguna evidencia de que haya un sistema de tratamiento de aguas aprobado en el sitio.
Se debe acotar que la primera versión del Reglamento de Aprobación de Sistemas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales, decreto N° 39887-S-MINAE, fue le decreto Nº 31545-S-MINAE del 9 de octubre de 2003, antes de esa fecha no se tiene certeza de que hubiese alguna norma respecto a STAR por parte del Ministerio de Salud”. De conformidad con el oficio MS-DSA-UGSA-0452-2026 del 30 de abril de 2026 de la Unidad de Gestión de Salud Ambiental del Ministerio de Salud: “CONCLUSIONES • Se constatan obstrucciones en las cajas de registro y sistema existente, generando desbordamientos de aguas residuales en distintos sectores, afectando la salud pública y el ambiente. • Se evidencia ausencia de tratamiento de aguas residuales en el sitio; a pesar de que se señala la existencia de un sistema de tratamiento, no fue posible verificarlo debido a que el área está totalmente inaccesible. Además, no existen trámites ni registros oficiales sobre la instalación u operación de una planta de tratamiento u otro sistema, por lo que las aguas residuales se vierten sin tratamiento al cuerpo de agua colindante. • Hay una responsabilidad institucional por parte del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), entidad que ha intervenido previamente en la zona.
El agua potable es suministrada por dicho ente y los vecinos indican y presentan evidencia de que AyA realiza el cobro por concepto de alcantarillado sanitario, sin que exista evidencia de un sistema efectivo de tratamiento asociado en el sitio. • Se determina la existencia de construcciones irregulares en el sitio, sin los permisos municipales correspondientes; se observan ampliaciones de viviendas, construcciones sobre aceras y otras prácticas, que agravan las condiciones del entorno y reflejan un incumplimiento de la normativa urbanística vigente. • Se observó acumulación significativa de desechos sólidos en sector noroeste del condominio, afectando la Salud Pública y contribuyendo a la degradación ambiental. RECOMENDACIONES Se recomienda solicitar a la Dirección Regional Rectoría de Salud Central Sur y al Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita, lo siguiente: • Emitir acto administrativo al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA), para que, en un plazo de 10 días hábiles: Ejecute acciones para eliminar obstrucciones y desbordamientos de aguas residuales, en las cajas de registro y sistema colector existente. • Garantice la operación adecuada del sistema de recolección existente. • Presente un plan técnico de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo, para evitar afectaciones futuras. • Solicitar mediante oficio al AyA la presentación de un plan remedial, con plazos establecidos, responsables y acciones concretas, para brindar una solución oportuna al tratamiento a las aguas residuales generadas en el sitio, partiendo del hecho de que es la entidad que suministra el agua potable en la zona y se cobra el servicio de alcantarillado sanitario en el lugar.
Evaluar una posibilidad de interconexión a sistemas existentes (ej. colector Tiribí) • Realizar las coordinaciones necesarias con la Municipalidad de Alajuelita para la limpieza y eliminación de acumulaciones de residuos sólidos en el sitio. • Remitir mediante oficio, el caso a la Municipalidad de Alajuelita, con relación a las construcciones ilegales presentes en el sitio, a fin de que se definan las acciones a realizar con respecto al tema”. Mediante órdenes sanitarias 049-2026 y 050-2026 del 11 de mayo de 2026, el Ministerio de Salud ordenó al ICAA: “• Ejecutar acciones para eliminar obstrucciones y desbordamientos de aguas residuales, en las cajas de registro y sistema colector existente. • Garantizar la operación adecuada del sistema de recolección existente. • Presentar un plan técnico de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo, para evitar afectaciones futuras ante el Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita”.
Por informe técnico DRyT-OMSR-2026-00246 de mayo de 2026, el ICAA concluyó: “…6. Conclusiones 1. El Condominio La Verbena fue construido con una red de alcantarillado sanitario y una planta de tratamiento, las cuales son propiedad de los condóminos. 2. Según la información que se cuenta, la planta de tratamiento y la red de alcantarillado sanitario no recibe mantenimiento y esto provoca que las aguas residuales se derramen al medio ambiente sin tratamiento. 3. Dado a que la planta de tratamiento y la red de alcantarillado sanitario, son un bien privado, propiedad de los condóminos, el AyA no brinda recursos para su mantenimiento. 4. En su rol de rectoría el AyA ha venido informando al Ministerio de Salud de los casos donde se detecta problemas relacionados con la descarga de aguas residuales en este Condominio. 5. Aun cuando el AyA desarrolle obras que eviten la necesidad que el Condominio La Verbena tenga una planta de tratamiento, y que dichas obras faciliten la conexión de sus aguas residuales.
La operación, el resguardo y el mantenimiento de la red interna del Condominio La Verbena, seguirá siendo responsabilidad de los condóminos, por ser un bien privado”. Mediante informe GG-2026-01065 del 12 de mayo de 2026, el ICAA concluyó: “Conclusiones • La iniciativa Saneamiento: Manejo Integral de las aguas residuales en las urbanizaciones de San Felipe de Alajuelita forma parte de la cartera institucional de iniciativas identificadas para atender necesidades en los sistemas de agua potable y saneamiento. • Actualmente se encuentra en la posición 57 de un total de 176 iniciativas, según la priorización institucional vigente. • La iniciativa esta (sic) por ser atendida, siendo que forma parte del Plan de Trabajo de Trabajo para el año 2026 propuesto por la Dirección de Diseño de Saneamiento. Se cuenta con un expediente de la situación de aguas residuales en el sector que data del año 2009. • En la actualidad se visualiza que la problemática principal de derrames en el condominio se debe al vertido indebido de aguas residuales en el sistema de alcantarillado pluvial, el cual se encuentra obstruido y que es administrado por la Municipalidad. • La futura solución de aguas residuales en el sector de San Felipe contemplará la construcción de redes, extensions (sic) de ramal e interconexiones que puedan realizarse y sean requeridas siempre y cuando sean planteados en zona publica (sic). • El caso de interés presenta limitantes en cuanto a la construcción de obras que permitan brindar una solución integral, esto debido a la figura legal de condominio en la que se encuentran agrupados los vecinos de La Verbena, con lo cual muchas de las modificaciones que sean requeridas a lo interno para llevar el aguas (sic) hasta un único punto de reunion (sic) deberán ser ejecutadas por los mismos condóminos”.
A partir de los hechos expuestos, la Sala estima como incontrovertido que los vecinos del condominio La Verbena sufren por el mal manejo de aguas residuales desde hace años, lo que ha sido de conocimiento de las autoridades accionadas, sin que a la fecha hayan realizado acciones suficientes para solucionarlo. En ese tanto, se declara con lugar el recurso.
En cuanto a las consecuencias jurídicas de este fallo, desde el punto de vista jurídico y tomando como base los informes rendidos, esa problemática debe ser dividida en dos esferas. De un lado está el manejo de las aguas residuales a lo interno del condominio. De otro, el manejo y tratamiento adecuado a lo externo de él.
Con respecto al primer punto, existe controversia entre las partes en cuanto al sujeto que debe asumir la responsabilidad por el mantenimiento del alcantarillado condominal y la solución los problemas que él ocasiona. En ese sentido, el ICAA sostiene – en resumen- que se trata de propiedad privada, por lo que no puede invertir recursos públicos en tal alcantarillado. Asimismo, apunta que no ha recibido tal alcantarillado, debido a que adolece de deficiencias técnicas que imposibilitan esa recepción. Por su parte, el Ministerio de Salud alega, entre otras cosas, que el ICAA habría cobrado en alguna oportunidad el servicio de alcantarillado a los vecinos, por lo que podría asumir esa responsabilidad.
Atinente a tal extremo, este Tribunal determina que no corresponde a esta jurisdicción resolver sobre la naturaleza jurídica del alcantarillado condominal -público o privado- por tratarse de un tema de legalidad. A los efectos de esta Sala, la relevancia constitucional del caso radica en que se solucione el problema de salud pública detectado y que es incontrovertido. En ese tanto, se ordena a las instancias recurridas que efectúen entre ellas las coordinaciones necesarias y dispongan lo pertinente para remediar la problemática señalada, ya sea mediante el dictado de órdenes sanitarias, la intervención directa u otra vía, siempre que la decisión esté ajustada a Derecho y respete el ámbito de competencias de las instancias encargadas.
IV.Con respecto al tratamiento y manejo de las aguas residuales a lo externo del condominio La Verbena, la Sala nota que el ICAA informó lo siguiente:
“Actualmente, la atención a la problemática del sector fue registrada bajo la iniciativa denominada “Manejo Integral de las aguas residuales en las urbanizaciones de San Felipe de Alajuelita” con la cual se pretende realizar las obras que sean necesarias para recolectar las aguas residuales de varios desarrollos en el sector de San Felipe, que incluyen al condominio de interés social La Verbena, para trasegar sus aguas hasta el colector Tiribí en funcionamiento. Esta iniciativa será atendida por la Dirección de Saneamiento durante el segundo semestre del presente año, siendo que fue programada dentro del Plan de Trabajo 2026, por lo que se esperaría estar atendiendo el proyecto ya inscrito ante Mideplan a partir del segundo semestre del 2027”.
Tal afirmación se extrae también del informe técnico GG-2026-01065, elaborado con ocasión de este proceso. Vista tal manifestación y con el propósito de garantizar la salud pública y el restablecimiento de los derechos de la parte accionante, este Tribunal gira la orden respectiva.
Considero que en asuntos ambientales, si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente acusa la omisión, por parte del Ministerio de Salud y el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, en atender la problemática de manejo de aguas residuales, lo que afecta el derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano, ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida a la recurrente.
Si bien coincido con la mayoría de la Sala en que el recurso se debe declarar con lugar, difiero sobre dónde residenciar la fase de ejecución del asunto, debido a la inexistencia de mecanismos adecuados previstos por la normativa que rige esta jurisdicción constitucional para dar seguimiento a una sentencia que reviste aspectos técnicos de gran complejidad, como es en este caso para que en los plazos de doce y veinticuatro meses, respectivamente, contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, el ICAA y el Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita atiendan y resuelvan de forma definitiva el problema de filtración de aguas residuales que afecta al condominio La Verbena, así como los problemas de manejo de aguas residuales que afectan a las urbanizaciones ubicadas en San Felipe de Alajuelita. En cambio, lo dispuesto por el Código Procesal Contencioso-Administrativo en materia de ejecución (artículo 155 y siguientes) tiene evidentes ventajas, como la posibilidad de pedir cronogramas, imponer multas, sentar responsabilidades, fiscalizar etapas de cumplimiento, etc. Por ello, de conformidad con lo dispuesto por el artículo 56 de la Ley de Jurisdicción Constitucional, estimo que la fase de ejecución debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución de sentencia de dicho Código.
VII.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel u objetos o pruebas contenidos en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte que será destruido todo material que no sea recogido dentro de ese lapso, con base en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (aprobado por la Corte Plena en el artículo XXVI de la sesión nro. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011 y publicado en el Boletín Judicial nro. 19 del 26 de enero de 2012) y en el artículo LXXXI de la sesión del Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial nro. 43-12 de 3 de mayo de 2012.
Por tanto:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Darío Guzmán Álvarez y William Leininger Sancho, cada uno en su condición respectiva de gerente general y director de Mantenimiento de Colectores y Subcolectores, Dirección de Recolección y Tratamiento, ambos del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, y Cristian Alonso Valverde Alpízar, Karla Tatiana Rodríguez Montero y Leandra Patricia Madrigal Rodríguez, cada uno en su condición respectiva de director a.i. de la Dirección General de Salud, directora de la Dirección Regional de Rectoría de la Salud Central Sur y directora a.i. del Área Rectora de Salud de Alajuelita, o a quienes ejerzan esos cargos, que coordinen lo pertinente y dispongan lo correspondiente dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, en el plazo máximo de DOCE MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se resuelva el problema de aguas residuales del condominio La Verbena, en los términos indicados en esta sentencia.
Además, se ordena a Darío Guzmán Álvarez y William Leininger Sancho, cada uno en su condición respectiva de gerente general y director de Mantenimiento de Colectores y Subcolectores, Dirección de Recolección y Tratamiento, ambos del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, o a quienes ejerzan esos cargos, que coordinen lo pertinente y dispongan lo correspondiente dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, en el plazo máximo de VEINTICUATRO MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se solucione el problema de aguas residuales de las urbanizaciones de San Felipe de Alajuelita. Se advierte a las autoridades recurridas que, de conformidad con lo establecido por el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada dentro de un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.
Se condena al Estado y al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de fundamento a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso-administrativo. El magistrado Salazar Alvarado consigna nota. La Magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto respecto a la ejecución de esta sentencia y, de conformidad con el artículo 56 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, dispone que debe realizarse ante el Área de Ejecución del Tribunal Contencioso Administrativo y Civil de Hacienda, bajo las reglas de ejecución, establecidos en los artículos 155 y siguientes del Código Procesal Contencioso Administrativo. Asimismo, ordena que se le remita copia de la sentencia para que se inicie los procedimientos de ejecución de este fallo. Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
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