Amparo against municipality for failure to demolish illegal housingAmparo contra municipalidad por omisión en demolición de viviendas ilegales

Revisión del Documento SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine hours and twenty minutes on April thirtieth, two thousand twenty-six.

Recurso de amparo filed by [Nombre 001], identity card [Valor 001], against the MUNICIPALIDAD DE OREAMUNO.

Resultando:

1. 1By means of a document incorporated into the digital case file at 13:13 hours on February 9, 2026, the petitioner files a recurso de amparo against the Municipalidad de Oreamuno. He states that in July 2025, together with several neighbors, he filed a complaint before the Municipalidad de Oreamuno regarding nuisances, risks, and impacts arising from dwellings located at the edge of the road, which allegedly lack permits and contravene urban planning and land-use regulations (normativa urbanística y de uso del suelo). He indicates that in response to the filing, the respondent local government carried out on-site inspections and expressly determined that the houses in question are illegal and do not comply with applicable regulations, which results in a risk to life and causes pollution problems. However, he claims that the municipality has not adopted or proposed administrative actions aimed at resolving the reported situation. He explains that more than 6 months have elapsed since the initial proceeding was filed; nevertheless, the circumstances revealed persist unchanged. He considers that the respondent municipality's omission to effectively resolve the aforementioned complaint violates his fundamental rights and those of the other residents in the area; therefore, he requests that this recurso be granted on the merits and that the corresponding legal orders be issued.
2. 2By means of a resolution issued at 18:53 hours on March 2, 2026, the amparo was given course and a report was requested from the mayor, the head of the Department of Urban Control and Development (Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano), and the head of the Technical Road Management Unit (Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial), all of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno.
3. 3By means of a document incorporated into the digital case file at 10:30 hours on March 10, 2026, Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, in his capacity as mayor of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, reports under oath that “(…) THIRD: The inspections were carried out jointly with the Urban Development and Control and the Technical Road Management Unit departments, and there are evidently encroachments onto public thoroughfares and illegal constructions, some of which are over 40 years old. 55 dwellings were detected that encroach on the road right-of-way (derecho de vía). FOURTH: The local government can initiate demolition proceedings; however, among the 55 dwellings located within the encroachment, which has been tolerated for many years, we find families with scarce resources or in extreme poverty, with children, adolescents, older adults, and very particular issues within each family group. FIFTH: Finally, I state that the Municipality would first have to coordinate with institutions that look after the interests of the individuals involved, such as the IMAS, the PANI, and CONAPAN, among other institutions, to relocate 55 dwellings, each with its family group.It is not easy for the Municipality to endanger groups of sensitive or vulnerable persons protected by the State through legislation, so as not to undermine their fundamental rights. At present, the aforementioned entities have been consulted about certain issues detected in the canton of Oreamuno, and they respond that they are limited in economic resources due to budget cuts by the Executive Branch and are unable to provide aid or subsidies, as is the case, for example, with the IMAS. (…)”.
4. 4By means of a document incorporated into the digital case file at 10:30 hours on March 10, 2026, Carlos Núñez Castro, in his capacity as director of the Technical Road Management Unit of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, reports under oath that “(…) On the occasion of the Recurso de Amparo filed by Mr. [Nombre 001], I am attaching the executive report that was sent to the Mayor, Master Erick Jiménez Valverde, signed on January 30 of this year by this official responsible for the Technical Road Management Unit, so that the situation could be analyzed comprehensively, given the core issue, which mainly concerns encroachments onto the road right-of-way with residential constructions, a situation that dates back more than 10 years as an existing problem that has yet to be resolved. Below is the detail of what was observed at the end of January when inspections were carried out and said report was generated.Also note that the situation at this moment remains the same as what is presented below. (…) "Pursuant to the request made by some neighbors of La Chinchilla Vieja street and the meeting held in mid-January of this year at the Municipalidad de Oreamuno with Mr. [Nombre 001], Mrs. [Nombre 002], and Mr. [Nombre 003], and on behalf of the Municipality, Arch. Mauricio Gómez Ulett and the undersigned, I am submitting an executive report on the problems found plus the problems referred to in this report. It is important to note that at the time of the inspections carried out, no construction or remodeling in progress was observed. Lastly, note that the width of this street is variable and that in the most critical sectors, where the constructions have encroached upon a large part of the right-of-way, the asphalt-surfaced width today is between 4 meters and 5 meters." (sic) (…)”.
5. 5As per a note of April 7, 2026, it is recorded that “(…) it did not appear that from March 6 to April 6, 2026, the Head of the Department of Urban Control and Development of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno submitted any document or filing, in order to render the report requested from him in the resolution issued at eighteen hours and fifty-three minutes on March two, two thousand twenty-six, in case file number 26-004533-0007-CO, which is a RECURSO DE AMPARO brought by [Nombre 001]. (…)”.
6. 6The legal requirements have been observed in the proceedings followed.

Drafted by Judge Araya García; and,

Considerando:

I.Preliminary matter. Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, as of judgment number 2008-02545 of 8:55 hours on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, with some exceptions, those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has complied or not with the timeframes set by the Ley General de la Administración Pública (articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve by final act an administrative procedure, initiated ex officio or at the request of a party, or to hear the corresponding administrative appeals. Precisely, in this case, two exception scenarios arise, as it involves a complaint concerning risk to physical integrity and environmental contamination, which is known to the respondent municipality and has not been resolved within a reasonable timeframe by said authority. Having clarified this point, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this amparo.

II.Object of the recurso. The petitioner indicates that, since July 2025, he brought to the attention of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno the existence of several dwellings built on the road zone without the corresponding permits, which generate various impacts on the residents of the sector. However, he claims that, despite the municipality itself having verified the illegality of said constructions through an inspection, more than 6 months have elapsed without administrative measures being adopted to resolve the reported situation.

III. Proven facts. The following facts are deemed duly proven, being of importance for the decision in this matter

• 1)On July 7, 2025, the petitioner, together with other neighbors, filed an administrative proceeding before the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, complaining about nuisances, risks, and environmental impacts arising from several dwellings located at the edge of the road (see evidence provided).
• 2)On September 8, 2025, the Technical Road Management Unit of the respondent municipality, through official communication no. MUOR-AM-UTGV-372-2025, informed the petitioner that the matter would be referred to a road inspector to carry out an assessment regarding possible impacts on the right-of-way (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 3)On October 16, 2025, the Technical Road Management Unit of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, through official communication no. MUOR-AM-UTGV-458-2025, informed the petitioner that after the inspection carried out, it was verified that the road conditions were due—in their majority—to constructions erected without municipal permits, and therefore the case was referred to the Department of Urban Control and Development and brought to the attention of the Área Rectora de Salud of Oreamuno (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 4)On December 19, 2025, officials of the respondent municipality, through the Department of Urban Control, informed the petitioner by email that all the reported buildings encroach on the right-of-way, are illegal, and cannot be regularized, indicating that it is the responsibility of the Technical Road Management Unit to execute the pertinent corrective actions (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 5)On January 23, 2026, officials from the Technical Road Management Unit and the Department of Urban Development and Control of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, together with the complaining neighbors, conducted a field visit on the street known as Chinchilla Vieja (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 6)On January 27, 2026, the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, via email, informed the petitioner that his case was under study by the municipal technical team and that the corresponding report was pending to determine how to proceed (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 7)On February 9, 2026, the petitioner filed this recurso de amparo (see digital case file).
• 8)On March 6, 2026, the respondent authorities were notified of the resolution giving course to this amparo process (see notification records).
• 9)The Department of Urban Development and Control of the respondent municipality, through official communication no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported that there are approximately 55 dwellings built without a municipal permit on “Chinchilla Vieja” street, which encroach on the right-of-way and cannot be legalized (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 10)The Department of Urban Development and Control of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno indicated that after the inspections carried out, the appropriate course of action is to notify the informal occupants so they vacate voluntarily and, should the occupation persist, to proceed with demolition, recommending coordination with institutions such as the IMAS, MIVAH, CONAPAM, and PANI due to the social vulnerability condition of several of the affected families (see report rendered and evidence provided).

IV. Unproven fact. The following fact is deemed not proven, being of importance for the decision in this matter

Sole) That the respondent municipality has proceeded to notify the informal occupants for the purpose of having them vacate the properties voluntarily and, should the occupation persist, has warned them about the eventual execution of demolition measures.

V.On the specific case. In the sub examine, the petitioner claims that the respondent municipality has not provided an effective solution to the problem arising from the construction of dwellings located at the edge of the road, a situation that generates nuisances and risks for the community. He notes that, although in response to his filing the local government carried out on-site inspections and expressly determined that the houses in question are illegal and do not comply with applicable regulations, as of the date he comes before this Chamber in amparo, he has not perceived a concrete result or the adoption of effective measures to correct the situation.

Now, having analyzed the case file, this Chamber finds it proven that the Municipalidad de Oreamuno attended to the filing presented by the claimant in a timely manner, as it is on record that it provided a timely response—as even indicated by the petitioner himself in his initial filing. Likewise, it is evident that the respondent municipality carried out repeated inspections in the area where the illegal constructions are reported, even in coordination with and accompanied by the complainants themselves, and it was proven that it referred the case to the competent municipal bodies and to the Ministerio de Salud. In this context, the Department of Urban Development and Control of said municipality, through official communication no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported the existence of approximately 55 dwellings built without a municipal permit on the street called “Chinchilla Vieja”, which encroach upon the public right-of-way and, for this reason, are not subject to legalization.

It is also on record that, after the inspections carried out, said department indicated that the appropriate course was to notify the informal occupants so they vacate the properties voluntarily and, should the occupation persist, to execute the corresponding demolition measures; further recommending coordination with other public institutions in view of the social vulnerability condition of several of the affected families.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is not proven that the respondent municipality has proceeded to make such notifications, nor that it has formally warned the informal occupants about the eventual execution of demolition measures in case of non-compliance; therefore, it is clear that the respondent municipality has not adopted a definitive solution to the described problem, which involves an underlying allegation of environmental contamination, despite approximately 9 months having elapsed since the filing of the respective complaint. Note that the allegation regarding the risk and the impact on the environment was not refuted in its report by the respondent party; therefore, this point is deemed proven, in application of the provisions of article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

Thus, as this is a filing intrinsically linked to the enjoyment of a healthy environment, this Chamber upholds the claim, considering that the indicated omission contravenes the provisions of article 50 of the Constitución Política. Therefore, the recurso is granted on the merits.

VI.Now, it is particularly relevant to warn the respondent municipal authorities that, if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, such as the IMAS, the MIVAH, CONAPAM, the PANI, or any other that may be pertinent, in consideration of the vulnerable conditions of the families involved, as was reported to this Chamber.

VII.Note by Judge Castillo Víquez, regarding prompt and complete administrative justice. I have supported the thesis of this Court that, when the claimant alleges a violation of the right to prompt and complete justice in the administrative venue, it is the Contentious-Administrative Courts that must hear the legal controversy, and not this Chamber. Now, with the recent enactment of Law No. 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, it has been established that this right is subject to judicial protection through the recurso de amparo established by article 32 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, in relation to article 27 of the Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, in those cases where the petitioner considers that the material actions of the Administration, its administrative acts, or its response are affecting their fundamental rights. In my view, the newly enacted regulation does not imply that this Court must modify its jurisprudential line, as it is the Court's exclusive prerogative, based on numeral 7 of its Law, to define its own competence.

Therefore, except for those constitutional-legal controversies that have been recognized by this same Chamber as exceptions, which are admissible to be heard in this jurisdiction through the constitutional amparo guarantee process, in all other cases, and for the reasons this Court has provided (judgment No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 hours on February 22, 2008), the competent authorities are the Judges of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, all of which is in accordance with numeral 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights, the Law of the Constitution (values, principles, and norms), and the corresponding legal norms, based on a logical, systemic, and teleological interpretation of the legal system.

VIII.Note by Judge Salazar Alvarado. As a matter of principle, I consider that cases related to the activity or inactivity of the Public Administration in the repair, construction, modification, or demolition of any infrastructure works must be dismissed, as such omission constitutes a matter of ordinary legality, the discussion of which corresponds to the ordinary jurisdiction, where the interested person can debate their disagreements with greater breadth. However, when said administrative conduct (omissive or otherwise) results in a violation of other fundamental rights protected in this constitutional jurisdiction, or affects groups considered vulnerable, I do hear the merits of the matter, as this situation constitutes an exception to my position on this subject, as is the case here, where the petitioner accuses that residents of the canton of Nandayure, specifically in the sector known as caserío sur de Cacao, are affected. They denounce that cantonal route No. 5-09-0004 is in poor condition, has a ballast surface, which directly affects their health due to the dust generated and the difficult access to essential basic services. He states that since November 2024, he has requested the respondent municipality to maintain the Cacao-Tacaní section; however, this has not been possible, to the detriment of their fundamental rights.

IX.Dissenting vote by Judge Garro Vargas. In the sub examine, the petitioner questions the existence of several dwellings built on the road zone without the corresponding permits, which generate various impacts on the residents of the sector. Furthermore, he questions that despite the municipality itself having verified through an inspection the illegality of said constructions, more than 6 months have elapsed without administrative measures being adopted to resolve the reported situation.

On this particular matter, I depart from the majority opinion, as I consider that prior to resolving what is legally appropriate, it is essential to include in the litis the Consejo Nacional de la Persona Adulta Mayor, the Instituto Mixto de Ayuda Social, the Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, and the Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos, given that the situation set forth by the petitioner is excessively complex and does not depend exclusively on the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, and therefore more investigative elements are required for its proper attention and resolution.

By virtue of the foregoing, I dissent from the vote and order that the processing of this recurso continue, in order that reports be requested from the indicated authorities.

X.Documentation provided to the case file. The party is warned that, should they have provided any paper document, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be collected from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not collected within this period will be destroyed, as provided in the “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial”, approved by the Corte Plena in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI, and published in the Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.

Por tanto:

The recurso is granted on the merits. Consequently, Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, in his capacity as mayor, and Carlos Núñez Castro, in his capacity as director of the Technical Road Management Unit, both of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, or whoever acts in their stead, are ordered to carry out, in a coordinated manner, the actions within the scope of their competencies to provide a definitive solution to the problem denounced by the claimant, and if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, in consideration of the vulnerable conditions of the families involved, all of the above within the non-extendable period of SIX MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment. The respondent authorities are warned that, in accordance with the provisions of article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, a prison term of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order issued within a recurso de amparo that must be complied with or enforced, and fails to comply with it or enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely punished.

The Municipalidad de Oreamuno is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts on which this declaration is based, which shall be liquidated in the execution of the sentence of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. Judge Castillo records a note. Judge Salazar Alvarado records a note. Judge Garro Vargas dissents from the vote and orders the proceedings to continue. Notifíquese.

Fernando Castillo V.

Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

Luis Fdo. Salazar A.

Jorge Araya G.

Anamari Garro V.

Ingrid Hess H.

Indicates that in response to the request made, the respondent local government carried out inspections at the site and expressly determined that the houses in question are illegal and do not comply with the applicable regulations, which results in a risk to life and causes pollution (contaminación) problems. However, he complains that the town council has not adopted or proposed administrative actions aimed at resolving the reported situation. He states that more than 6 months have elapsed since the initial proceeding (trámite) was filed; nevertheless, the revealed circumstances persist unchanged. He considers that the respondent municipality's omission regarding the lack of an effective resolution of the aforementioned complaint violates his fundamental rights and those of the other neighbors in the area, and therefore, he requests that this appeal (recurso) be granted and that whatever is legally appropriate be ordered.

1. 2By resolution issued at 18:53 hours on March 2, 2026, the amparo was processed and a report was requested from the mayor, the head of the Department of Urban Control and Development (Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano), and the head of the Technical Road Management Unit (Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial), all from the Municipality of Oreamuno.
2. 3By brief filed in the digital case file at 10:30 hours on March 10, 2026, Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, in his capacity as mayor of the Municipality of Oreamuno, reports under oath that "(...) THIRD: Inspections were carried out jointly with the Urban Development and Control and the Technical Road Management Unit departments, and there are evidently encroachments on the public road (vía pública) and illegal constructions that some buildings have had for more than 40 years. 55 dwellings that encroach upon the right-of-way (derecho de vía) were detected. FOURTH: The local government can initiate demolition (demolición) procedures, however; of the 55 dwellings located with the encroachment, which has been tolerated for many years, we find families of scarce resources or extreme poverty with children, adolescents, older adults, and very particular issues in each of the family groups. FIFTH: Finally, I state that the Municipality would first have to coordinate with institutions that look after the interests of the people involved, such as the IMAS, the PANI, and CONAPAN, among other institutions, to relocate 55 dwellings, each with its family group.It is not easy for the Municipality to put at risk groups of sensitive or vulnerable persons whom the State protects, by means of legislation, so as not to undermine their fundamental rights. Currently, the mentioned entities have been consulted about some issues detected in the canton (cantón) of Oreamuno, and they respond that they are limited in economic resources due to budget cuts by the Executive Branch and that they are unable to provide aid or subsidies, as is the case with the IMAS, for example. (...)".
3. 4By brief filed in the digital case file at 10:30 hours on March 10, 2026, Carlos Núñez Castro, in his capacity as director of the Technical Road Management Unit of the Municipality of Oreamuno, reports under oath that "(...) On the occasion of the Amparo Appeal filed by Mr. [Name 001], I permit myself to attach the executive report that at the time, to be more precise, signed on January 30 of this year by this official responsible for the Technical Road Management Unit, was sent to the mayor, Master Erick Jiménez Valverde, so that the situation could be analyzed comprehensively due to the substantive issue that mainly corresponds to encroachments on the right-of-way with housing constructions, a situation that dates back more than 10 years as an existing problem and still unable to be resolved. Below is the detail of what was observed at the end of January when inspections were carried out and said report was generated.Also point out that the situation at this moment remains the same as what is presented below. (...) 'Pursuant to the request made by some neighbors of La Chinchilla Vieja street and the meeting held in mid-January of this year, at the Municipality of Oreamuno with Mr. [Name 001], Mrs. [Name 002], and Mr. [Name 003], and on behalf of the Municipality, Arch. Mauricio Gómez Ulett and the undersigned, I proceed with an executive report on the issues found plus the issues mentioned in this report. It is important to note that at the time of the inspections carried out, no construction or remodeling (remodelación) in progress was observed. Finally, it should be noted that the width of this street is variable and that in the most critical sectors, where constructions have encroached upon a large part of the right-of-way, the width with asphalt pavement today is between 4 meters and 5 meters'. (sic) (...)".
4. 5By certification dated April 7, 2026, it is recorded that "(...) it did not appear that from March 6 to April 6, 2026, the Head of the Department of Urban Control and Development of the Municipality of Oreamuno had submitted any brief or document whatsoever in order to render the report requested of him in the resolution issued at eighteen hours and fifty-three minutes on March two, two thousand twenty-six, in case file number 26-004533-0007-CO, which is an AMPARO APPEAL filed by [Name 001].
5. 6The legal requirements have been observed in the proceedings followed.

Drafted by Magistrate Araya García; and,

Considering:

I.Preliminary matter. Before analyzing the merits of the case, it must be clarified that, as of judgment number 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, with some exceptions, those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has complied or not with the deadlines set by the General Law on Public Administration (Ley General de la Administración Pública) (articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve a final act in an administrative procedure, initiated ex officio or at the request of a party, or to hear the appropriate administrative appeals. Precisely, in this case, two exceptions arise, since it involves a complaint regarding risk to integrity and environmental contamination, which is known to the respondent municipality and has not been resolved within a reasonable time by said authority. Having clarified this point, the specific situation raised in this amparo is now addressed.

II.Object of the appeal. The appellant indicates that, since July 2025, he brought to the attention of the Municipality of Oreamuno the existence of several dwellings built on the road right-of-way without the corresponding permits, which generate various impacts on the neighbors of the sector. However, he alleges that, despite the fact that the municipality itself confirmed the illegality of said constructions through inspection, more than 6 months have passed without administrative measures having been adopted to resolve the reported situation.

III. Proven facts. Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven

• 1)On July 7, 2025, the protected party, together with other neighbors, filed an administrative proceeding before the Municipality of Oreamuno reporting nuisances, risks, and environmental impacts derived from several dwellings located on the edge of the road right-of-way (see evidence provided).
• 2)On September 8, 2025, the Technical Unit for Road Management of the respondent municipality, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-UTGV-372-2025, informed the protected party that the matter would be referred to a road inspector to carry out an assessment regarding possible impacts on the right-of-way (derecho de vía) (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 3)On October 16, 2025, the Technical Unit for Road Management of the Municipality of Oreamuno, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-UTGV-458-2025, informed the protected party that after the inspection carried out, it was confirmed that the conditions of the road are mostly due to constructions erected without municipal permits, for which reason the case was referred to the Department of Urban Control and Development (Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano) and was brought to the attention of the Rectorate Area of Health of Oreamuno (Área Rectora de Salud de Oreamuno) (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 4)On December 19, 2025, officials of the respondent municipality, through the Department of Urban Control, informed the appellant by email that all the reported buildings encroach upon the right-of-way (derecho de vía), are illegal, and there is no possibility of regularizing them, indicating that it is the responsibility of the Technical Unit for Road Management to execute the pertinent corrective actions (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 5)On January 23, 2026, officials from the Technical Unit for Road Management and the Department of Development and Urban Control of the Municipality of Oreamuno, together with the complaining neighbors, conducted a field visit on the street known as Chinchilla Vieja (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 6)On January 27, 2026, the Municipality of Oreamuno, via email, communicated to the protected party that his case was under study by the municipal technical team and that they were awaiting the corresponding report to determine how to proceed (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 7)On February 9, 2026, the appellant filed the present amparo appeal (see digital case file).
• 8)On March 6, 2026, the respondent authorities were notified of the order granting leave to proceed with this amparo process (see notification records).
• 9)The Department of Development and Urban Control of the respondent municipality, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported that there are approximately 55 dwellings built without municipal permits on "Chinchilla Vieja" street, which encroach upon the right-of-way (derecho de vía) and cannot be legalized (see report rendered and evidence provided).
• 10)The Department of Development and Urban Control of the Municipality of Oreamuno indicated that after the inspections conducted, the appropriate course of action is to notify the informal occupants to voluntarily vacate and, should the occupation persist, to proceed with demolition, recommending coordination with institutions such as IMAS, MIVAH, CONAPAM, and PANI due to the condition of social vulnerability of several of the affected families (see report rendered and evidence provided).

IV. Unproven fact. Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following fact is deemed not proven

Sole fact) that the respondent municipality has proceeded to notify the informal occupants with the purpose of having them voluntarily vacate the properties and, should the occupation persist, has warned of the eventual execution of demolition measures.

V.Regarding the specific case. In the case at hand, the appellant claims that the respondent municipality has not provided an effective solution to the problem arising from the construction of dwellings located on the edge of the road right-of-way, a situation generating nuisances and risks for the community.

[He] points out that, although in response to the request made, the local government carried out on-site inspections and expressly determined that the houses in question are illegal and do not comply with applicable regulations, as of the date on which he files for amparo, he has not perceived a concrete result or the adoption of effective measures to correct the situation.

Now, having analyzed the proceedings, this Chamber has deemed it accredited that the Municipality of Oreamuno attended to the request filed by the petitioner in a timely and proper manner, as it is on record that it provided a timely response—as even the protected party himself indicates in his filing brief. Likewise, it is clear that the respondent municipality carried out repeated inspections in the area where the illegal constructions are reported, including in coordination and company with the complainants themselves, and it was possible to verify that it forwarded the case to the competent municipal bodies and to the Ministry of Health. It is in that context that the Department of Development and Urban Control of said municipality, by means of official letter no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported the existence of approximately 55 dwellings built without a municipal permit on the street called "Chinchilla Vieja," which encroach upon the public right-of-way and, for that reason, are not eligible for legalization.

It is also known that following the inspections carried out, said department indicated that the proper course of action was to notify the informal occupants so that they would voluntarily vacate the properties and, if the occupation persists, to execute the corresponding demolition measures; also recommending coordination with other public institutions in view of the condition of social vulnerability present in several of the affected families.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is not proven that the respondent municipality has proceeded to carry out said notifications, nor that it has formally warned the informal occupants about the eventual execution of demolition measures in case of non-compliance. Therefore, it is clear that the respondent municipality has not adopted a definitive solution to the problem described, which involves an underlying allegation of environmental contamination, despite approximately 9 months having elapsed since the filing of the respective complaint. Note that the allegation regarding the risk and impact on the environment was not refuted in its report by the respondent party, and therefore this point is deemed accredited, in application of the provisions of article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

Thus, as this is a matter intrinsically linked to the enjoyment of a healthy environment, this Chamber upholds the claim filed, considering that the indicated omission contravenes the provisions of article 50 of the Constitución Política. Therefore, the appeal is declared with merit.

VI.Now, it is especially relevant to warn the respondent municipal authorities that, if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, such as IMAS, MIVAH, CONAPAM, PANI, or any other that is pertinent, in view of the conditions of vulnerability of the families involved, as previously reported before this Chamber.

VII.Note by Judge Castillo Víquez, regarding prompt and complete administrative justice. I have supported this Court's thesis that when a petitioner alleges a violation of the right to prompt and complete justice in administrative proceedings, those who should hear the legal dispute are the Contentious-Administrative Courts and not this Chamber. That being said, with the recent enactment of Law No. 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, it has been established that this right is susceptible to judicial protection through the amparo remedy established by article 32 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, in relation to article 27 of the Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, in those cases where the petitioner considers that the Administration's material actions, its administrative acts, or its response are affecting their fundamental rights. In my view, the newly enacted regulation does not imply that this Court must modify its jurisprudential line, as it is exclusively responsible, based on article 7 of its Law, for defining its own competence.

Therefore, except for those legal-constitutional disputes that have been recognized by this same Chamber as cases of exception, which can indeed be heard in this jurisdiction through the constitutional amparo process, in all other cases, and for the reasons this Court has provided (ruling No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008), the competent bodies are the Judges of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, all of which is in accordance with article 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights, the Law of the Constitution (values, principles, and norms), and the corresponding legal norms based on a logical, systemic, and teleological interpretation of the legal system.

VIII.Note by Judge Salazar Alvarado. As a matter of principle, I consider that cases related to the activity or inactivity of the Public Administration regarding the repair, construction, modification, or demolition of any infrastructure work must be dismissed, as that omission constitutes a matter of legality whose discussion belongs to the ordinary jurisdiction, before which the interested party can debate their disagreements more broadly. However, when some violation of other fundamental rights protected in this constitutional jurisdiction derives from that administrative conduct (whether by omission or not), or when vulnerable groups are affected, I do proceed to hear the merits of the matter, as this situation constitutes an exception to my position on this subject. This is the case here, where the complaining party accuses that they are residents of the canton of Nandayure, specifically in the sector known as caserío sur de Cacao. They report that cantonal route No. 5-09-0004 is in poor condition and has a gravel surface, which directly affects their health due to the dust generated and the difficult access to basic fundamental services.

He states that since November 2024 he has requested the respondent municipality to maintain the Cacao-Tacaní stretch; however, this has not been possible, to the detriment of his fundamental rights.

IX.Dissenting vote of Magistrate Garro Vargas. In the *sub examine*, the petitioner challenges the existence of several dwellings built on the road without the corresponding permits, which cause various adverse effects to the neighbors of the sector. Furthermore, he challenges that even though the municipality itself verified the illegality of said constructions through an inspection, more than 6 months have passed without administrative measures having been adopted to resolve the denounced situation.

On this matter, I depart from the majority opinion, since I consider that before resolving what is legally appropriate, it is essential to join to the litis the Consejo Nacional de la Persona Adulta Mayor, the Instituto Mixto de Ayuda Social, the Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, and the Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos, given that the situation presented by the appellant is excessively complex and does not depend exclusively on the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, which requires more knowledge elements for its proper attention and resolution.

By virtue of the foregoing, I dissent and order the continuation of the processing of this appeal so that a report may be requested from the indicated authorities.

X.Documentation contributed to the case file. The party is warned that, if they have contributed any document on paper, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not withdrawn within this period will be destroyed, as provided in the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Corte Plena in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in the Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.

Por tanto:

The appeal is granted. Consequently, Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, in his capacity as mayor, and Carlos Núñez Castro, in his capacity as director of the Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial, both of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, or whomever exercises those positions in their stead, are ordered to carry out in a coordinated manner the actions within the scope of their competencies to provide a definitive solution to the problem denounced by the petitioner, and if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, in view of the conditions of vulnerability of the families involved, all of the foregoing, within the non-extendable period of SIX MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment. The respondent authorities are warned that, in accordance with the provisions of article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, imprisonment of three months to two years or a fine of twenty to sixty days will be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued within an amparo appeal, and does not comply with it or enforce it, provided the crime is not more severely punished.

The Municipalidad de Oreamuno is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which will be liquidated in the execution of the judgment of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. Magistrate Castillo records a note. Magistrate Salazar Alvarado records a note. Magistrate Garro Vargas dissents and orders the continuation of the processing of the proceeding. Notifíquese.

...

Fernando Castillo V.

Fernando Cruz C.

...

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width=\"162\" height=\"74\" alt=\"\" style=\"-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline\" /></p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub\">José L. Chaves V.</span></p 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sej/ABC1HWkiYN/rZLNFRcOxAYbf1h+Dnwk+EPwN+HmleCfgx4A8P+BPCNu26wt/D+mG1vnVIES3v9a1m5Fz4k1rUJbQXGsrrWt3t7q95I9xqV3ezXKXcqfgv4W/4Jd/8FSvAXgnQv2d/h783/wAE3tg+Jv7P/wCyfrHhzwnrnjH4wfGvxB4i+I+t6ePh/rn7UPg/xkumaJqnwp+E0Pw+uLIWtx/Y80UcVjpuleGdJ1nUNUAP2G8L/8F0P+CcnivUINLs/2hb/wAN39y/lwR+OfhT8VvDFpJIN8TL/a114KudPceaj4kivZIiQFaTIr6F+HX/BSH9hb4o3q6b4I/a3+Auq6nJP9lFjcfFDwxod09wG27Ik1LUdPmbeykR5AL42gHIr84P2CP2Z/+CdH7O/x88Vf8ABPn49/AjwJ4H/bG+D9j4y+JfhbxZ4/1jWdRSfwj4r8Z+IpdJ074R+MvHmq3F5deK9J8FeIZ7LGjX2meIRpmmapZXNq9p4WuXh+8/Ef/BHj/gmh4x1y51DxH+wx8BNS1vWIrU31zZeBE0Wa6vpo1Id7bRprCAqvlsY1ijaKB5JRCqx7IqAPrLwb+2V+y/wCPPDXxO8d6B8ZfAmn+APgr4mv/CHxR+JHiXXtN8MfDfwr4h00gzxT+NtUuH0H6/Y2qX9neWltq+hX9lb6vY3Wr6RqURH0vpPivSdd0jTde0TWNF1fQdXsNQ1bSdd0m/ttQ0rWtMsra/wDKvtM1GIywXNjdTQItvdwx3ELwzu/mqYnib8Jf27P2Av2FfDvxH/AGZPgX+zf8Gfgd+y18e/F3xT0X4t3fiCD4OeCfHXhTxB8Bf2e7nQ/jJ4vi1uPxymqaJeX12ngjTdJWGaGO4u7bVNVu1mkhswG+p/+CY/wl8f+Cv2dviV8TPH2qeH9S+IP7U3x2+Kn7SviGHwzqVjq3hWy0nV9TsPB/w9svDWpaXc3+l3+nXfgfwradRqVnMfP1C7jv4Ssl3ZAD9YEbfEj+pwfqBg/zrG1LxPY6V4g0Hw/LFqEt/4gh1aSyNtp9/dWcA0g2fn/AG+7traSCzM/9owyWhunt2nj0/U5YGmaxdIrGmX8MdsYhOrm3C4bn51OPmG4e5PY8ZZNy7jwNuhu/in8Qtd8t0TQ9G0DwPbK+ATc210Nf1WUcnMcl94wGmsPTTLeQjy5QagPXY+Q3rkDIzjIUBl5wcAgjOMHHPSqF/qGqzPJo+maOJLgIyS6jqErRaUImBBmaJAl5KfM2olsq7pVYFwkbM4saXP5l/ceZHEUjm+zzSbCx8+UnhjyNr7wCCF8uMo7Ag7qv2VofLuYXV7cfamZ7htwkvHYlPtu4bC2IQkKmURi3QqsRFwwDLvfDmjTNFbCa7mvrq6tFuria8Sa4unhcM8Vys82UmS3SYKqCIywRRP8hUsKHiO5is7yG/wBc1qO1EM8Nrps97F5Fi6ySkQS3ltDMBJavKfIM5cGa5mtdzNE0Mabuo3Gl+CrGKSOCSa8vbgW1jZlje32o3QjlleW0+0uDNDbLCZb2Wd5NI0GOaS8820Mjslbw7oNxqV1c6v4nmh1K6EyyQoIZP7L0kzAP5VpY5KXU6RMqC6IZbMOqLMhY3UgBbvvh14H1KGNrDRtH0+RFZI538P+Era4QuC8sZudR8PyXQUPcA3f7x43vJ7kGS4mMy1yP7LniOy1f4NavpAu7g6l8Nvi1+0N8M9X07UdTh1PVdN1DwH8dviJoUTXt3FZ6ZZ/ar3SbTT9TZLDSdOszFfwi1s4IfLRPXbnRvC+lxSC11bSrW13TiRLn92BE5LNFHdXGueYN42t9pKMeVUoHql8HfDWh+G/AEtlo11Y3/wDb3iHxp431DWNOffp+q+IfiD4q13x/r+o2AiaVJYJNX8V3S/aDPK0zI0xaMsY0AF+Jn/ID/wC2n/staHw+/wCRP8Kf9gTT/wD0nSmeM9FbX9HksE5l3eYnLAEYwQcYJyWI/wC+z14rl9L8TeP/AAnoWn+GovhPqHiXV7FI9M0zVdO1fTU0XVTCohina7kuyn2OG5t7x7t57KKKe3WGaW6UXdm9AHye/7THhT9nL9uv8AaD0f45/tC/DT4Z/Bvxz8Af2VvG3hHQvirqfhXw1o3iH4oHxj+0F8P/iP4e0Xxhca3p+s3t/ZfDvw58Gr6Lwpdx3tppsU3iK5tBY3Fw6Xn1B4o/aX+A37JHwW1vxT4q1HUtU1CGwl1zQfBvhK2svEHiv4p/EjUFtNE8KeBvA2mTDR7H+/4R0yyvdZ1PR/DPgrwT4SaTxN8QtSW1/0tfFf25f2VNc/aN+Of7GXxh8IeH9P0bVvgr4r+M2jfE/xHe2ej/atT+DHxC+BPxP0aDwlJNf2cmoTpafGq0+FHiC2snknsLd7LVxGDJN5be7/Cv9k34FeEvi1bfFjRPhH4P03xJo2nXFj4Ob7DHqaeGRIk1hf6lpz6tHc3umTXzPbHVRp1rYWNiI4tN0uOGO1vLYAHyn+0r+whbf8ABQH4QaLq37e+gaCmi+HfGPgP4neDv2YfA2s2niXw58NF8L+JvDniKbTPil8TbzwvY+J/in4h8Q6Holt4Vu73wyvgjwXo8d7qMvhXS9OvH/tib2HxFoOm+HP21f2EH0V7ue21LwB+1L4dGoape3GqatPo0Wk/s/alBp19rN6732pLbXdjBPB9qlfyDEY4QkWFHo/hL9u79mfxx8Zb/4JeHPH80ni2y8Yal4C0/VNQ8L+KdJ8D+IPG2mJ4nuLzw74X8Y6nostp4ov0 Salazar A.</span></p></td><td style="padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub; -aw-import:ignore">&nbsp;</span></p></td><td style="padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><img 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style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub">Jorge Araya G.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><img 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(…) V.- Regarding the specific case. In the *sub examine*, the petitioner complains that the respondent municipality has not provided an effective solution to the problems arising from the construction of houses located at the edge of the road, a situation that generates nuisance and risks for the community. He points out that, although in response to the request filed, the local government conducted on-site inspections and expressly determined that the houses in question are illegal and do not comply with applicable regulations, as of the date he files this amparo, he has not perceived a concrete result or the adoption of effective measures to correct the situation.

Now, having analyzed the case file, this Chamber has deemed it proven that the Municipality of Oreamuno addressed the request submitted by the petitioner in a timely manner, as it is recorded that it provided a prompt response—as even indicated by the petitioner himself in his filing brief. Likewise, it is evident that the respondent municipality carried out repeated inspections in the area where the illegal constructions are reported, even in coordination and company of the complainants themselves, and it was also proven that it forwarded the case to the competent municipal bodies and to the Ministry of Health. It is in this context that the Department of Urban Development and Control of said municipality, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported the existence of approximately 55 houses built without municipal permits on the street called “Chinchilla Vieja”, which encroach upon the public right-of-way and, for this reason, are not eligible for legalization.

It is also understood that following the inspections conducted, said department indicated that the proper course of action was to notify the informal occupants to voluntarily vacate the properties and, should the occupation persist, to execute the corresponding demolition measures; also recommending coordination with other public institutions in view of the condition of social vulnerability affecting several of the affected families.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is not proven that the respondent municipality has proceeded to make such notifications, nor that it has formally warned the informal occupants about the eventual execution of demolition measures in case of non-compliance. Therefore, it is clear that the respondent municipality has not adopted a definitive solution to the described situation, which involves an underlying allegation of environmental contamination, despite approximately 9 months having elapsed since the filing of the respective complaint. Note that the allegation regarding risk and environmental impact was not refuted in its report by the respondent party, so this point is deemed proven, pursuant to the provisions of article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

Thus, as this is a matter intrinsically linked to the enjoyment of a healthy environment, this Chamber upholds the claim filed, considering that the omission indicated contravenes the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitución Política. Therefore, the recurso is declared with merit.

VI.Now, it is particularly important to warn the respondent municipal authorities that, if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, such as the IMAS, the MIVAH, CONAPAM, the PANI, or any other deemed pertinent, in consideration of the vulnerable conditions of the families involved, as was reported to this Chamber. (…)”

He states that more than 6 months have elapsed since the initial filing was submitted; however, the circumstances revealed persist unchanged. He considers that the omission of the respondent municipality regarding the lack of an effective resolution of the aforementioned complaint violates his fundamental rights and those of the other residents of the area, and therefore, he requests that this appeal be granted and that the corresponding legal orders be issued.

1. 2By means of a resolution issued at 18:53 hours on March 2, 2026, the amparo was admitted and a report was requested from the mayor, the head of the Department of Control and Urban Development (Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano), and the head of the Technical Road Management Unit (Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial), all of the Municipality of Oreamuno.
2. 3By a brief filed in the digital case file at 10:30 hours on March 10, 2026, Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, in his capacity as mayor of the Municipality of Oreamuno, reports under oath that “(…) THIRD: Inspections were carried out jointly with the departments of Urban Development and Control and the Technical Road Management Unit, and there are evidently encroachments on the public road and illegal constructions that in some buildings are over 40 years old. Fifty-five dwellings were detected encroaching on the right-of-way. FOURTH: The local government can initiate demolition procedures; however, of the 55 dwellings located with the encroachment, which has been tolerated for many years, we find families with scarce resources or in extreme poverty, with children, adolescents, older adults, and very particular problems in each of the family groups. FIFTH: Finally, I state that the Municipality would first have to coordinate with institutions that safeguard the interests of the persons involved, such as the IMAS, the PANI, and the CONAPAN, among other institutions, to relocate 55 dwellings, each with its family group.It is not easy for the Municipality to place groups of sensitive or vulnerable persons protected by the State, through legislation, at risk, so as not to undermine their fundamental rights. Currently, the aforementioned entities have been consulted regarding some issues detected in the canton of Oreamuno, and they are responding that they are limited in economic resources due to budget cuts by the Executive Branch and that they are unable to provide aid or subsidies, as is the case of the IMAS, for example. (…)”.
3. 4By a brief incorporated into the digital case file at 10:30 hours on March 10, 2026, Carlos Núñez Castro, in his capacity as director of the Technical Road Management Unit of the Municipality of Oreamuno, reports under oath that “(…) Regarding the Amparo Appeal filed by Mr. [Name 001], I hereby attach the executive report that at the time, to be more precise, signed on January 30 of this year by this servant responsible for the Technical Road Management Unit, was sent to the mayor, M.Sc. Erick Jiménez Valverde, so that the situation could be comprehensively analyzed due to the underlying issue, which mainly concerns encroachments on the right-of-way with housing constructions, a situation dating back more than 10 years as an existing problem and still not resolved. Below is the detail of what was observed at the end of January when inspections were carried out and said report was generated.Also note that the situation at this moment remains the same as what is presented below. (…) "Pursuant to the request made by some residents of La Chinchilla Vieja Street and the meeting held in mid-January of this year at the Municipality of Oreamuno with Mr. [Name 001], Mrs. [Name 002], and Mr. [Name 003], and on behalf of the Municipality, Arch. Mauricio Gómez Ulett and the undersigned, I proceed with an executive report on the problems encountered plus the problems referred to in this report. It is important to point out that at the time of the inspections carried out, no new construction or remodeling in progress was observed. Finally, to point out that the width of this street is variable and that in the most critical sectors, where constructions have encroached upon a large part of the right-of-way, the width with asphalt pavement today is between 4 meters and 5 meters." (sic) (…)”.
4. 5By a certification of April 7, 2026, it is established that “(…) it did not appear that from March 6 to April 6, 2026, the Head of the Department of Control and Urban Development of the Municipality of Oreamuno had submitted any brief or document in order to render the report requested in the resolution issued at eighteen hours fifty-three minutes on March second, two thousand twenty-six, in file number 26-004533-0007-CO, which is an AMPARO APPEAL filed by [Name 001]. (…)”.

</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">6.- </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The legal requirements have been observed in the proceedings followed.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:justify; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="width:36pt; display:inline-block">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Drafted by Magistrate </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Araya García</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">; and,</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Considering:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:17.85pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="width:18.15pt; text-indent:0pt; display:inline-block">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">I.- </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Preliminary matter. </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, as of judgment number 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, with some exceptions, those matters in which it is disputed whether the public administration has or has not complied with the deadlines set by the General Public Administration Act (articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws for special administrative procedures, to resolve by final act an administrative procedure, initiated ex officio or at the request of a party, or to hear the applicable administrative appeals.

Precisely, in this case, two scenarios for exception arise, as this involves a complaint regarding risk to integrity and environmental contamination, which is known to the respondent municipality and has not been resolved within a reasonable time by said authority. Having clarified the point, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this amparo.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">II.- </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Object of the appeal</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">. The appellant indicates that, since July 2025, he brought to the attention of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno the existence of several dwellings built on the road without the corresponding permits, which generate various impacts on the neighbors of the sector.

However, he alleges that, despite the fact that the municipality itself confirmed the illegality of said constructions through an inspection, more than 6 months have passed without administrative measures being adopted to resolve the reported situation.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:5pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">III.- Proven facts. </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven:</span></p><div style="margin-top:5pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'1'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">1)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On July 7, 2025, the petitioner </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">together with other neighbors, filed an administrative proceeding before the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Municipalidad de Oreamuno</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'"> reporting nuisances, risks, and environmental impacts derived from several dwellings located on the edge of the road (see evidence provided).</span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'2'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">2)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On September 8, 2025, </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial of the respondent municipality</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-UTGV-372-2025, informed the petitioner that the matter would be referred to a road inspector to carry out an assessment regarding possible impacts on the right-of-way (derecho de v</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">í</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">a) (see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'3'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">3)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On October 16, 2025, </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-UTGV-458-2025, communicated to the petitioner that after the inspection carried out, it was confirmed that the conditions of the road are mainly due to constructions erected without municipal permits, for which reason the case was referred to the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'"> and brought to the attention of the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Área Rectora de Salud de Oreamuno </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">(see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'4'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">4)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On December 19, 2025, </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">officials of the respondent municipality, through the Direcci</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">ó</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">n de Control Urbano, informed the appellant by email that all the reported buildings encroach upon the right-of-way (derecho de v</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">í</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">a), are illegal, and there is no possibility of regularizing them, indicating that it is the responsibility of the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'"> to execute the pertinent corrective actions (see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'5'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">5)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On January 23, 2026, officials from the Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial and the Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno, together with the complaining neighbors, conducted a site visit on the street known as Chinchilla Vieja (see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'6'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">6)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On January 27, 2026, </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">the </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Municipalidad de Oreamuno</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">, via email, communicated to the petitioner that his case was under study by the municipal technical team and that they were waiting for the corresponding report to determine how to proceed (see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'7'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">7)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On February 9, 2026, the appellant filed this amparo appeal (see digital case file).</span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'8'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">8)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">On March 6, 2026, the respondent authorities were notified of the resolution admitting this amparo proceeding (see notification records).</span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:10pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'9'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">9)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">The Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano of the respondent municipality, through official letter no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported that there are approximately 55 dwellings built without a municipal permit on </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">“</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">Chinchilla Vieja</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">”</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'"> street, which encroach upon the right-of-way (derecho de v</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">í</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">a) and cannot be legalized (see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><div style="margin-top:10pt; margin-left:25.1pt; margin-bottom:5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'decimal'; -aw-list-number-values:'10'; -aw-list-padding-sml:28.24pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-weight:bold">10)</span><span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; -aw-import:spaces">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'">The Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano of the Municipalidad de Oreamuno indicated that following the inspections carried out, the appropriate course of action is to notify the informal occupants so that they vacate voluntarily and, should the occupation persist, to proceed with demolition, recommending coordination with institutions such as IMAS, MIVAH, CONAPAM, and PANI due to the condition of social vulnerability of several of the affected families (see report rendered and evidence provided). </span></p></div><p style="margin-top:5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">IV.- Unproven fact. </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following fact is deemed not proven: </span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Only) </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">that the respondent municipality has proceeded to notify the informal occupants in order for them to voluntarily vacate the properties and, should the occupation continue, has warned about the eventual execution of demolition measures.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">V.-</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">On the specific case</span><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">.

In the sub examine, the appellant claims that the respondent municipality has not provided an effective solution to the problems arising from the construction of dwellings located at the edge of the road, a situation that generates nuisances and risks for the community. He indicates that, although in response to the request filed, the local government conducted on-site inspections and expressly determined that the houses in question are illegal and do not comply with applicable regulations, at the date on which he files for amparo, he has not perceived a concrete result nor the adoption of effective measures to correct the situation.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Now, having analyzed the case file, this Chamber has deemed it proven that the Municipalidad de Oreamuno attended to the request filed by the petitioner in a timely and proper manner, since there is evidence that it provided a timely response - as even the petitioner himself indicates in his filing brief -.</span></p> Likewise, it is evident that the respondent municipality carried out repeated inspections in the area where the illegal constructions were reported, even in coordination and company with the complainants themselves, and it was also verified that it referred the case to the competent municipal bodies and the Ministry of Health.

It is in this context that the municipality's Department of Urban Development and Control (Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano), through official communication no. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, reported the existence of approximately 55 dwellings built without municipal permits on the street called "Chinchilla Vieja," which encroach upon the right-of-way (derecho de vía público) and, for that reason, are not eligible for legalization. The records also show that following the inspections, that department indicated that the proper course of action was to notify the informal occupants to voluntarily vacate the properties and, if the occupation persisted, to execute the corresponding demolition measures; additionally recommending coordination with other public institutions in view of the condition of social vulnerability affecting several of the affected families.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, there is no evidence that the respondent municipality has proceeded to make such notifications, or that it has formally warned the informal occupants about the eventual execution of demolition measures in case of non-compliance. Consequently, it is clear that the respondent municipality has not adopted a definitive solution to the problem described—which involves an underlying allegation of environmental contamination—despite approximately 9 months having elapsed since the respective complaint was filed. It should be noted that the allegation regarding the risk and impact on the environment was not refuted in the report by the respondent party; therefore, this point is taken as proven, in application of the provisions of Article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

Thus, as this is a matter intrinsically linked to the enjoyment of a healthy environment, this Chamber upholds the claim, finding that the indicated omission contravenes the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitución Política. Therefore, the recourse is declared with merit.

VI.Now, it is especially relevant to warn the respondent municipal authorities that, if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, such as IMAS, MIVAH, CONAPAM, PANI, or any other that may be pertinent, given the conditions of vulnerability of the families involved, as was reported to this Chamber.

VII.Note by Magistrate Castillo Víquez, regarding prompt and complete administrative justice. I have supported this Court's thesis that when a claimant alleges a violation of the right to prompt and complete justice in administrative proceedings (justicia pronta y cumplida en sede administrativa), those who must hear the legal dispute are the Contentious-Administrative Tribunals (Tribunales de lo Contencioso-Administrativo) and not this Chamber. However, with the recent enactment of Law No. 9097, the Law for the Regulation of the Right of Petition (Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición), it has been established that this right is susceptible to judicial protection through the recurso de amparo established by Article 32 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, in relation to Article 27 of the Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, in cases where the petitioner considers that the material actions of the Administration, its administrative acts, or its response are affecting their fundamental rights.

In my view, the recently enacted regulation does not imply that this Court must modify its case law line (línea jurisprudencial), as, based on Article 7 of its Law, it is exclusively responsible for defining its own competence. Therefore, except for those legal-constitutional disputes that this same Chamber has recognized as exceptional cases, which may be heard in this jurisdiction through the constitutional amparo process (proceso constitucional de garantía del amparo), in the remaining cases, and for the reasons this Court has given (judgment No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008), the competent authorities are the Judges of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction (jurisdicción de lo contencioso-administrativo), all of which is in accordance with Article 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights (Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos), the Law of the Constitution (values, principles, and norms), and the corresponding legal norms based on a logical, systemic, and teleological interpretation of the legal system (ordenamiento jurídico).

VIII.Note by Magistrate Salazar Alvarado. As a matter of principle, I believe that cases related to the activity or inactivity of the Public Administration in the repair, construction, modification, or demolition of any infrastructure work must be dismissed, as that omission constitutes a matter of legality, the discussion of which corresponds to the ordinary jurisdiction, where the interested person can debate their disagreements more broadly. However, when some violation of other fundamental rights protected in this constitutional jurisdiction derives from that administrative conduct (whether omissive or not), or when groups considered vulnerable are affected, I do proceed to hear the merits of the matter, as this situation constitutes an exception to my position on this topic, as is the case here, where the appellant party claims they are residents of the canton of Nandayure, specifically in the sector known as caserío sur de Cacao. They report that cantonal route No. 5-09-0004 is in poor condition, has a ballast surface, which directly affects their health due to the dust generated and the difficult access to basic essential services. They state that since November 2024 they have requested maintenance of the Cacao-Tacaní section from the respondent municipality; however, this has not been possible, to the detriment of their fundamental rights.

IX.Dissenting vote of Magistrate Garro Vargas. In the sub examine, the appellant party questions the existence of several dwellings built on the road without the corresponding permits, which cause various adverse effects on the residents of the sector.

Furthermore, it questions that despite the municipality itself having verified the illegality of those constructions through an inspection, more than 6 months have elapsed without any administrative measures being adopted to resolve the reported situation.

On this matter, I dissent from the majority opinion, since I consider that before deciding what is legally proper, it is essential to join the National Council for the Older Adult (Consejo Nacional de la Persona Adulta Mayor), the Joint Institute for Social Aid (Instituto Mixto de Ayuda Social), the National Children's Trust (Patronato Nacional de la Infancia), and the Ministry of Housing and Human Settlements (Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos) to the litis, given that the situation presented by the petitioner is excessively complex and does not depend exclusively on the Municipality of Oreamuno, which requires greater elements of knowledge for its due attention and resolution.

By virtue of the foregoing, I issue a dissenting vote and order that the processing of this recurso continue for the purpose of requesting reports from the indicated authorities.

X.Documentation provided to the expediente. The party is warned that, if any paper document has been provided, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device, or one produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a maximum period of 30 working days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not removed within this period will be destroyed, in accordance with the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Corte Plena in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in the Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.

Por tanto:

The recurso is declared with merit. Consequently, Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, in his capacity as mayor, and Carlos Núñez Castro, in his capacity as director of the Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial, both of the Municipality of Oreamuno, or whoever holds those positions in their stead, are ordered to carry out, in a coordinated manner, the actions within the scope of their competences to provide a definitive solution to the problem reported by the petitioner, and if necessary, they must coordinate and manage the corresponding actions with the competent institutions, in consideration of the conditions of vulnerability of the families involved, all the foregoing, within the non-extendable period of SIX MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment. The respondent authorities are warned that, in accordance with the provisions of article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued within an amparo recurso, and does not comply with it or does not enforce it, provided that the crime is not more severely penalized.

The Municipality of Oreamuno is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts serving as grounds for this declaration, which will be liquidated in the enforcement of judgment phase of the contentious-administrative proceedings. Magistrate Castillo records a note. Magistrate Salazar Alvarado records a note. Magistrate Garro Vargas issues a dissenting vote and orders that the processing of the process continue. Notifíquese.

President | Fernando Castillo V.<br>President | | | Fernando Cruz C. | | SYL-001-2014. Subject: Environmental viability for the subdivision (fraccionamiento) of a property for the development of a housing project. Addendum to technical analysis 2143-2012-SETENA for the La Colina de la Felicidad Project.

REQUESTED BY: Rubén Gómez, Landscaping Engineer – CRGT Consulting.

DATE OF INSPECTION: November 17, 2014.

PREPARED BY: Ing. Paul Rueda L., Environmental Management Specialist – ACOSA Conservation Area, Technical Office.

1. BACKGROUND In report 2143-2012-SETENA, the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental, SETENA) established a series of preventive measures… following the environmental inspection of the La Colina de la Felicidad project, located in the San Marcos district, Tarrazú canton, San José province. These measures included a technical evaluation for the possible change of land use (cambio de uso del suelo) and the existence of the necessary forestry permits before granting environmental viability for the subdivision (fraccionamiento).

Forest Management Plan execution field report OP-AC-044-2013.

Inspection of the La Colina de la Felicidad housing project, located on property 3-202118-000, San Marcos district, canton and province of San José. The site corresponds to land use for coffee farming and pasture, according to the land use capacity map of the "Atlas" digital cartographic consultation service, a technological tool of the Costa Rican Institute of Tourism (Instituto Costarricense de Turismo, ICT), Cartago sheets (Hoja Cartago)…

The property is located between coordinates 525,550 - 1,057,643 / 526,215 - 1,058,391 of the National Registry's digital cadastral map. The access road to the area is paved; at the entrance to the farm, there is a gravel road that goes to the middle of the property where the land development and construction of housing works are taking place. The property is within the Los Santos Forest Reserve (Reserva Forestal Los Santos).

During the inspection, the professional in charge investigates the environmental parameters established in the regulations, and the following is observed in the field:

For this evaluation, the following field verification was carried out… the inspection of the project "La Colina de la Felicidad"… land use and forestry authorizations, verifying that the technical criteria established in article 19 of the Regulations for the Subdivision (Fraccionamiento) of Rural Properties – INVU (Reglamento de Fraccionamiento y Urbanización de Propiedades Rurales del INVU) were met, with the following results:

The request for land-use change (cambio de uso del suelo) is for approximately 14.5 hectares. Currently, the site has an area of approximately 4 hectares of pasture and grass, as there is cattle ranching in the lower part; the rest is coffee plantations (Coffea arabiga).

During the field tour, elements such as small forest fragments, live fences, scattered trees, springs, and water bodies are identified within the property. In the following images, these elements are evident.

Figure 1: Image of property 3-202118-000 of the National Registry's digital cadastral map.

Figure 2: Access to property 3-202118-000.

Figure 3: Pasture area within property 3-202118-000.

Figure 4: View of the project's gravel road.

Figure 5: View of the entrance to the coffee plantation area.

Figure 6: View of the coffee plantation in production.

Table 1. Descriptive table of spring (naciente) coordinates taken with GPS:

On the day of the inspection, the four springs (nacientes) located in the pasture area and coffee plantation area exhibited a clear, steady flow, which runs into a ravine called La Colina. Two of the springs (nacientes) are within a fragment of secondary forest. For these water sources, it is recommended to establish protection areas in accordance with the stipulations of Article 33 of the Forestry Law (Ley Forestal).

6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. For the La Colina de la Felicidad project, located in the San Marcos district, Tarrazú canton, San José province, the following is determined:

a. The property presents a change in land use (cambio de uso del suelo), mainly for housing purposes in what is currently a coffee plantation and pasture area.

b. The field inspection for report 2143-2012-SETENA determined the mitigation measures for road access and associated earthworks (movimientos de tierra).

c. During the field inspection, springs (nacientes) were identified, for which Article 33 of the current Forestry Law (Ley Forestal) establishes a protection area.

d. The technical and legal requirements required by Article 19 of the Regulations for the Subdivision (Fraccionamiento) of Rural Properties – INVU (Reglamento de Fraccionamiento y Urbanización de Propiedades Rurales del INVU) are met.

e. In accordance with the current Forestry Law (Ley Forestal) and considering the water bodies identified on the site, it is recommended to establish an easement (servidumbre) or restrict the use of these areas for conservation.

f. Regarding the small forest fragments, scattered trees, and live fences that were georeferenced on the site and are part of the coffee plantation area and pasture area, it is recommended to establish an easement (servidumbre) or protection area, due to their importance as biological corridors, as provided for in the Forestry Law (Ley Forestal) and its Regulations.

Ing. Paul Rueda L. Environmental Management Specialist – ACOSA Conservation Area, Technical Office MINAE – SINAC The scope of the environmental impact assessment (evaluación de impacto ambiental, EIA), for the project named "Geothermal Project Pocosol I", to be executed by the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, ICE), within lands registered under the name of the Institute in the province of Alajuela, canton of San Carlos, located in the district of Pocosol, is presented.

Within the aforementioned area, the project consists of the construction and operation of a geothermal power plant with an installed generation capacity of 5.0 MWe, to supply electricity to the National Interconnected System (Sistema Nacional Interconectado). Specifically, the project includes the construction and operation of a generation plant, a substation, a 500 m transmission line connecting to the distribution line, internal roads, access roads, a stormwater drainage system, a sanitary sewer system, a potable water system, a fire protection system, and the use of a 3-hectare construction platform where all project works will be located. The project also involves forest management activities for the construction of platforms and infrastructure, and changes of land use (cambio de uso del suelo).

Figure "Project Site Location", Source: ICE Table 82

Likewise, it is within a primary zone of high-potential geothermal resources, specifically in the Pocosol geothermal zone of the Poás Volcano massif, as classified according to the "Preliminary Study of the Geothermal Potential of Costa Rica" prepared by the ICE.

Figure "Preliminary Study of Geothermal Potential of Costa Rica" Source: ICE Luis Fdo.

Salazar A.</span></p></td><td style="padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub; -aw-import:ignore">&nbsp;</span></p></td><td style="padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><img 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style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'TIMES NEW ROMAN'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub">Jorge Araya G.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><img 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

Revisión del Documento SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del treinta de abril de dos mil veintiseis .

Recurso de amparo presentado por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001], contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE OREAMUNO.

Resultando:

1. 1Por escrito incorporado en el expediente digital a las 13:13 horas de 9 de febrero de 2026, la parte recurrente interpone recurso de amparo contra la Municipalidad de Oreamuno. Manifiesta que en julio de 2025, junto con varios vecinos, planteó ante la Municipalidad de Oreamuno una denuncia relacionada con molestias, riesgos y afectaciones derivadas de viviendas ubicadas en la orilla de la carretera, las cuales presuntamente carecen de permisos y contravienen la normativa urbanística y de uso del suelo. Indica que en respuesta a la gestión formulada, el gobierno local accionado realizó una inspecciones en el sitio y determinó expresamente que las casas en cuestión son ilegales y no cumplen con la normativa aplicable, lo cual deviene en un riesgo para la vida y ocasiona problemas de contaminación. No obstante, reclama que el ayuntamiento no ha adoptado ni propuesto acciones administrativas tendientes a resolver la situación denunciada. Expone que han transcurrido más de 6 meses desde la interposición del trámite inicial; sin embargo, las circunstancias reveladas persisten de forma inalterada. Estima que la omisión del municipio recurrido en cuanto a la falta de resolución efectiva de la denuncia aludida, vulnera sus derechos fundamentales y de los demás vecinos de la zona, por lo que, solicita se declare con lugar el presente recurso y se ordene lo que en derecho corresponda.
2. 2Mediante resolución de las 18:53 horas de 2 de marzo de 2026 se dio curso al amparo y se solicitó informe al alcalde, al jefe del Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano y al jefe de la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial, todos de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno.
3. 3Por escrito incorporado en el expediente digital a las 10:30 horas de 10 de marzo de 2026, informa bajo juramento Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, en su condición de alcalde de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno, que “(…) TERCERO: Se procedió con las inspecciones en conjunto con los departamentos de Desarrollo y control Urbano y la Unidad técnica y Gestión Vial y evidentemente existen invasiones a la vía pública y construcciones ilegales que tienen algunas edificaciones más de 40 años. Se detectaron 55 viviendas que invaden el derecho de vía. CUARTO: El gobierno local puede iniciar los procedimientos de demolición, no obstante; de las 55 viviendas localizadas con la invasión, que ha sido tolerada durante muchos años, nos encontramos familias de escasos recursos o pobreza extrema con niños, adolescentes, adultos mayores y problemáticas muy particulares en cada uno de los grupos familiares. QUINTO: Por último, manifiesto la Municipalidad tendría coordinar primero con instituciones que velen por los intereses de las personas involucradas como el IMAS, el PANI y CONAPAN, entre otras instituciones para reubicar a 55 viviendas cada una con su grupo familiar.Municipalidad no es fácil poner en riesgo grupos de personas sensibles o vulnerables que protege el Estado, por medio de la legislación, para no menoscabar sus derechos fundamentales. En la actualidad, se le ha consultado a las entidades mencionadas sobre algunas problemáticas detectadas en el cantón de Oreamuno y estás responden que están limitadas de recursos económicos debido a los recortes presupuestarios del Poder Ejecutivo y que están imposibilitas de brindar ayudas o subsidios, tal es el caso del IMAS por ejemplo. (…)”.
4. 4Mediante escrito incorporado en el expediente digital a las 10:30 horas de 10 de marzo de 2026, informa bajo juramento Carlos Núñez Castro, en su condición de director de la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno, que “(…) Con motivo del Recurso de Amparo interpuesto por el señor [Nombre 001], me permito adjuntar el informe ejecutivo que en su momento, para ser más preciso, firmado el 30 de enero del presente año por este servidor responsable de la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial fuera enviado al señor alcalde, Máster Erick Jiménez Valverde, con el fin de que se analizara de manera integral la situación por el tema de fondo que corresponde principalmente a invasiones al derecho de via con construcciones de vivienda, situación que data de más de 10 años como problema existente y sin poder resolverse aún. A continuación el detalle de lo observado a finales del mes de enero cuando se realizan inspecciones y se genera dicho informe.Señalar también, que la situación en este momento, se mantiene igual que lo que se presenta a continuación. (…) "Conforme a la solicitud que hicieran algunos vecinos de la calle La Chinchilla Vieja y a la reunión sostenida a mediados del presente mes de enero, en la Municipalidad de Oreamuno con el señor [Nombre 001], la señora [Nombre 002] y el señor [Nombre 003], y de parte de la Municipalidad el Arq. Mauricio Gómez Ulett y el suscrito, procedo con un informe ejecutivo de la problemática encontrada mas la problematica a la que hace mencion este informe. Importante senalar, que al momento de la inspecciones realizadas, no se visualiza ninguna construcción o remodelación en proceso. Por último señalar, que el ancho de esta calle es variable y que en los sectores más críticos, donde las construcciones han invadido gran parte del derecho de vía, el ancho con carpeta asfáltica hoy en día es de entre 4 metros y 5 metros". (sic) (…)”.
5. 5Por constancia del 7 de abril de 2026, se tiene que “(…) no apareció que del 06 de marzo al 06 de abril de 2026, el Jefe del Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno haya presentado escrito o documento alguno, a fin de rendir el informe que se le solicitó en la resolución dictada a las dieciocho horas cincuenta y tres minutos del dos de marzo de dos mil veintiséis, en el expediente número 26-004533-0007-CO que es RECURSO DE AMPARO promovido por [Nombre 001]. (…)”.
6. 6En los procedimientos seguidos se han observado las prescripciones legales.

Redacta el Magistrado Araya García; y,

Considerando:

I.Cuestión preliminar. Antes de analizar el fondo del asunto debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia número 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa, con algunas excepciones aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la administración pública ha cumplido o no los plazos pautados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales para los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo, instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte, o conocer de los recursos administrativos procedentes. Precisamente, en este caso, se plantean dos supuestos de excepción, pues, se está ante una denuncia por riesgo a la integridad y por contaminación ambiental, la cual, es de conocimiento del municipio accionado y no ha sido resuelta dentro de un plazo razonable por parte de dicha autoridad. Aclarado el punto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta planteada en este amparo.

II.Objeto del recurso. El recurrente señala que, desde julio de 2025, puso en conocimiento de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno la existencia de varias viviendas construidas sobre la carretera sin contar con los permisos correspondientes, las cuales generan diversas afectaciones a los vecinos del sector. No obstante, alega que, pese a que el propio municipio constató mediante inspección la ilegalidad de dichas construcciones, han transcurrido más de 6 meses sin que se hayan adoptado medidas administrativas para resolver la situación denunciada.

III.Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:

• 1)El 7 de julio de 2025, el amparado junto con otros vecinos, presentaron ante la Municipalidad de Oreamuno un trámite administrativo denunciando molestias, riesgos y afectaciones ambientales derivadas de varias viviendas ubicadas en la orilla de la carretera (ver prueba aportada).
• 2)El 8 de setiembre de 2025, la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial del municipio recurrido, mediante oficio nro. MUOR-AM-UTGV-372-2025, informó al tutelado que el asunto sería trasladado a un inspector vial para realizar una valoración en relación con posibles afectaciones en el derecho de vía (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
• 3)El 16 de octubre de 2025, la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno, mediante oficio nro. MUOR-AM-UTGV-458-2025, comunicó al tutelado que tras la inspección realizada, se constató que las condiciones de la vía obedecen -en su mayoría- a construcciones levantadas sin permisos municipales, por lo que se trasladó el caso al Departamento de Control y Desarrollo Urbano y se puso en conocimiento del Área Rectora de Salud de Oreamuno (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
• 4)El 19 de diciembre de 2025, funcionarios del municipio accionado a través de la Dirección de Control Urbano, informaron por correo electrónico al recurrente que todas las edificaciones denunciadas invaden el derecho de vía, son ilegales y no existe posibilidad de regularizarlas, indicando que corresponde a la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial ejecutar las acciones correctivas pertinentes (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
• 5)El 23 de enero de 2026, funcionarios de la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial y del Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno, junto con los vecinos denunciantes, realizaron una visita de campo en la calle conocida como Chinchilla Vieja (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
• 6)El 27 de enero de 2026, la Municipalidad de Oreamuno, por medio de correo electrónico, comunicó al amparado que su caso se encontraba en estudio por parte del equipo técnico municipal y que se estaba a la espera del informe correspondiente para determinar cómo proceder (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
• 7)El 9 de febrero de 2026, el recurrente interpuso el presente recurso de amparo (ver expediente digital).
• 8)El 6 de marzo de 2026, se notificó a las autoridades recurridas de la resolución de curso del presente proceso de amparo (ver actas de notificación).
• 9)El Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano del municipio recurrido, mediante oficio nro. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, informó que existen aproximadamente 55 viviendas construidas sin permiso municipal en la calle “Chinchilla Vieja”, las cuales invaden el derecho de vía y no pueden ser legalizadas (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).
• 10)El Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno señaló que tras las inspecciones realizadas, lo procedente es notificar a los ocupantes informales para que desalojen voluntariamente y, de persistir la ocupación, proceder a la demolición, recomendando la coordinación con instituciones como el IMAS, MIVAH, CONAPAM y PANI debido a la condición de vulnerabilidad social de varias de las familias afectadas (ver informe rendido y prueba aportada).

IV. Hecho no probado. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como no demostrado el siguiente hecho

Único) que la municipalidad recurrida haya procedido a notificar a los ocupantes informales con el fin de que desocupen voluntariamente los inmuebles y, en caso de mantenerse la ocupación, haya advertido sobre la eventual ejecución de medidas de demolición.

V.Sobre el caso en concreto. En el sub examine, la parte recurrente reclama que la municipalidad accionada no ha brindado una solución efectiva a la problemática derivada de la construcción de viviendas ubicadas a la orilla de la carretera, situación que genera molestias y riesgos para la comunidad. Señala que, si bien en respuesta a la gestión formulada el gobierno local realizó inspecciones en el sitio y determinó de forma expresa que las casas en cuestión son ilegales y no cumplen con la normativa aplicable, a la fecha en la que acude en amparo, no ha percibido un resultado concreto ni la adopción de medidas efectivas para corregir la situación.

Ahora, analizados los autos, esta Sala tuvo por acreditado que la Municipalidad de Oreamuno atendió en tiempo y forma la gestión presentada por el petente, pues consta que le brindó la respuesta oportuna -como incluso indica el propio tutelado en su escrito de interposición-. Asimismo, se desprende que el municipio accionado efectuó reiteradas inspecciones en la zona donde se denuncian las construcciones ilegales, incluso en coordinación y compañía de los propios denunciantes, así como, se logró comprobar que trasladó el caso a las instancias municipales competentes y al Ministerio de Salud, siendo en ese contexto, que el Departamento de Desarrollo y Control Urbano de dicho municipio, mediante oficio nro. MUOR-AM-DCU-0058-2026, informó la existencia de aproximadamente 55 viviendas construidas sin permiso municipal en la calle denominada “Chinchilla Vieja”, las cuales invaden el derecho de vía público y, por tal razón, no son susceptibles de legalización.

También se tiene que tras las inspecciones efectuadas, dicho departamento indicó que lo procedente era notificar a los ocupantes informales para que desalojaran voluntariamente los inmuebles y, de persistir la ocupación, ejecutar las medidas de demolición correspondientes; recomendando, además, la coordinación con otras instituciones públicas en atención a la condición de vulnerabilidad social que presentan varias de las familias afectadas.

No obstante lo anterior, no se acredita que la municipalidad recurrida haya procedido a realizar dichas notificaciones, ni que haya advertido formalmente a los ocupantes informales sobre la eventual ejecución de medidas de demolición en caso de incumplimiento, por lo que, resulta claro que el municipio accionado no ha adoptado una solución definitiva frente a la problemática descrita, la cual involucra un alegato de contaminación ambiental de fondo, pese a haber transcurrido aproximadamente 9 meses desde la interposición de la denuncia respectiva. Nótese que el alegato sobre el riesgo y la afectación al ambiente no fue refutado en su informe por la parte recurrida, por lo que este extremo se tiene por acreditado, en aplicación de lo dispuesto en el ordinal 45 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

Así las cosas, al tratarse de una gestión vinculada de manera intrínseca con el disfrute de un ambiente sano, esta Sala acoge el reclamo planteado, al estimar que la omisión señalada contraviene lo dispuesto en el artículo 50 de la Constitución Política. Por ende, se declara con lugar el recurso.

VI.Ahora bien, resulta especialmente relevante advertir a las autoridades municipales accionadas que, de ser necesario, deben coordinar y gestionar las actuaciones correspondientes con las instituciones competentes, tales como el IMAS, el MIVAH, CONAPAM, el PANI, o cualquier otra que resulte pertinente, en atención a las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de las familias involucradas, lo anterior, según fue informado ante esta Sala.

VII.Nota del Magistrado Castillo Víquez, en cuanto a la justicia administrativa pronta y cumplida. He apoyado la tesis de este Tribunal, de que cuando el justiciable alega una vulneración al derecho a una justicia pronta y cumplida en sede administrativa, quienes deben conocer la controversia jurídica son los Tribunales de lo Contencioso-Administrativo y no esta Sala. Ahora bien, con la reciente promulgación de la Ley n.° 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, se ha establecido que ese derecho es susceptible de tutela judicial por medio del recurso de amparo establecido por el artículo 32 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, en relación con el artículo 27 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, en aquellos casos en que el peticionario considere que las actuaciones materiales de la Administración, sus actos administrativos o su respuesta le estén afectando sus derechos fundamentales.

A mi modo de ver, la normativa recién promulgada no implica que este Tribunal deba modificar su línea jurisprudencial, quien, con base en el numeral 7 de su Ley, le corresponde definir exclusivamente su propia competencia. Por ende, salvo aquellas controversias jurídico-constitucionales que han sido reconocidas por esta misma Sala como supuestos de excepción, que sí proceden ser conocidas en esta jurisdicción a través del proceso constitucional de garantía del amparo, en los demás casos, y por las razones que ha dado este Tribunal (sentencia N° 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008), los competentes son los Jueces de la jurisdicción de lo contencioso-administrativo, todo lo cual es conforme al numeral 25, de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, el Derecho de la Constitución (valores, principios y normas) y las normas legales correspondientes con base en una interpretación lógica, sistémica y teleológica del ordenamiento jurídico.

VIII.Nota del magistrado Salazar Alvarado. En tesis de principio, considero que los casos relacionados con la actividad o inactividad de la Administración Pública en la reparación, construcción, modificación o demolición de cualquier obra de infraestructura, deben ser desestimados, por constituir, esa omisión, un tema de legalidad, cuya discusión corresponde a la jurisdicción ordinaria, ante la cual la persona interesada puede debatir, con mayor amplitud, sus disconformidades. Sin embargo, cuando de aquella conducta administrativa (omisiva o no) se derive alguna violación a otros derechos fundamentales tutelados en esta jurisdicción constitucional, o se afecten grupos considerados vulnerables, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto, por constituir esta situación una excepción a mi posición en esta materia, tal y como sucede en este caso, en que la parte recurrente acusa que son vecinos del cantón de Nandayure, específicamente en el sector conocido como caserío sur de Cacao.

Denuncian que la ruta cantonal N° 5- 09-0004 se encuentra en mal estado, tiene superficie de lastre, lo cual incide de manera directa en su salud debido al polvo que se genera y el difícil acceso a servicios básicos fundamentales. Manifiesta que desde noviembre de 2024 ha solicitado al municipio accionado el mantenimiento del tramo Cacao-Tacaní; empero, no ha sido posible, en detrimento de sus derechos fundamentales.

IX.Voto salvado de la magistrada Garro Vargas. En el sub examine, la parte accionante cuestiona la existencia de varias viviendas construidas sobre la carretera sin contar con los permisos correspondientes, las cuales generan diversas afectaciones a los vecinos del sector. Además, cuestiona que pese a que el propio municipio constató mediante inspección la ilegalidad de dichas construcciones, han transcurrido más de 6 meses sin que se hayan adoptado medidas administrativas para resolver la situación denunciada.

Sobre el particular, me separo del criterio de mayoría, pues considero que previo a resolver lo que en derecho corresponde es indispensable integrar a la litis al Consejo Nacional de la Persona Adulta Mayor, al Instituto Mixto de Ayuda Social, al Patronato Nacional de la Infancia y al Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos, toda vez que la situación expuesta por la parte recurrente es excesivamente compleja y no depende exclusivamente de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno por lo que se requiere de mayores elementos de conocimiento para su debida atención y resolución.

En virtud de lo expuesto, salvo el voto y dispongo continuar con la tramitación de este recurso a los efectos de que se solicite informe a las autoridades indicadas.

X.Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a la parte que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial”, aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión No. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 de 26 de enero de 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión No. 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo de 2012, artículo LXXXI.

Por tanto:

Se declara con lugar el recurso. En consecuencia, se le ordena a Erick Mauricio Jiménez Valverde, en su condición de alcalde y a Carlos Núñez Castro, en su condición de director de la Unidad Técnica de Gestión Vial, ambos de la Municipalidad de Oreamuno, o a quienes en sus lugares ejerzan dichos cargos, a realizar de forma coordinada las acciones que se encuentren dentro del ámbito de sus competencias para darle una solución definitiva al problema denunciado por el petente, y en caso de ser necesario, deben coordinar y gestionar las actuaciones correspondientes con las instituciones competentes, en atención a las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de las familias involucradas, todo lo anterior, en el improrrogable plazo de SEIS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte a las autoridades recurridas que, de conformidad con lo establecido por el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada dentro de un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.

Se condena a la Municipalidad de Oreamuno al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de fundamento a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. El Magistrado Castillo consigna nota. El magistrado Salazar Alvarado consigna nota. La magistrada Garro Vargas salva el voto y dispone continuar la tramitación del proceso. Notifíquese.

Fernando Castillo V.

Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

Luis Fdo. Salazar A.

Jorge Araya G.

Anamari Garro V.

Ingrid Hess H.