Res. 13329-2026 Sala Constitucional — Urban park remodeling and Article 50 of the Constitution

OutcomeResultado

DeniedSin lugar

The Chamber denies the amparo, finding no violation of the right to a healthy environment, as the park remodeling project includes a phytosanitary assessment, compensatory planting, and preservation of green areas and the water feature.La Sala declara sin lugar el recurso de amparo al descartar una lesión al derecho a un ambiente sano, dado que el proyecto de remodelación del parque incluye evaluación fitosanitaria, medidas compensatorias, y conservación de áreas verdes y componente hídrico.

SummaryResumen

The Constitutional Chamber denies an amparo action against the Municipality of Goicoechea regarding the remodeling of Santiago Jara Park. The plaintiff argued that the project involved significant tree felling, reduction of green areas, elimination of shade, lack of nest relocation, and removal of a water source without an environmental mitigation plan. The Chamber held that the municipality carried out a comprehensive phytosanitary assessment determining the need to remove only two trees due to risk of collapse, with compensation of five new trees per main branch. The new design retains 2,650 m² of functional green areas, increases shade with over 20 native trees, and replaces the fountain with a 40-jet interactive one, preserving the water component. No nests or poisonings were detected. Based on an almost identical precedent (ruling 2026010907), the Chamber finds prima facie no violation of the right to a healthy environment, directing any disagreement to ordinary administrative or judicial channels.La Sala Constitucional declara sin lugar un recurso de amparo contra la Municipalidad de Goicoechea por las obras de remodelación del Parque Santiago Jara. La recurrente alegaba que el proyecto implicaba una tala significativa de árboles, reducción de zonas verdes, eliminación de espacios de sombra, falta de reubicación de nidos, y remoción de una fuente de agua, sin un plan de mitigación ambiental que afectara la flora y la fauna. La Sala consideró que la municipalidad realizó una evaluación fitosanitaria integral que determinó la necesidad de remover solo dos árboles por riesgo de caída, con compensación de cinco nuevos por cada rama principal. El nuevo diseño mantiene 2,650 m² de áreas verdes, amplía la sombra con más de 20 árboles nativos, y sustituye la fuente por una interactiva de 40 chorros, conservando el componente hídrico. No se detectaron nidos ni envenenamientos. Con base en un precedente casi idéntico (voto 2026010907), se descarta prima facie una lesión al derecho a un ambiente sano, remitiendo cualquier inconformidad a las vías administrativas u ordinarias.

Key excerptExtracto clave

In the case at hand, the plaintiff states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Santiago Jara Park. She alleges that the works include significant tree felling, extreme reduction of green areas, and elimination of existing structures; however, no containment, mitigation, or compensation plan for the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was foreseen. (...) From the study of the proceedings, it is proven that the respondent municipality is executing works concerning the remodeling project of Santiago Jara Park in Goicoechea. The respondent municipality carried out a 'comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the trees' in the park, which determined that 2 trees ('llama de bosque' and 'Mexican ash') have structural deterioration and a potential risk of falling, so their removal was authorized. Furthermore, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design includes 2,650 square meters of green areas and shade spaces will be expanded through various structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the natural shade of the park. (...) Given the above, and in accordance with the precedent cited above, it is ruled out prima facie that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission that violates fundamental rights.En el sub lite, la recurrente manifiesta que en 2024 la municipalidad accionada promovió un proyecto de reconstrucción del parque Santiago Jara. Alega que las obras contemplan la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes; empero, no se previó un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. (...) Del estudio de los autos se tiene por demostrado, que la municipalidad accionada se encuentra en ejecución de obras concernientes al proyecto de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. La municipalidad accionada realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, la cual determinó que 2 árboles (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y potencial riesgo de caída, por lo que se autorizó su remoción. Además, como medida compensatoria, se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. El diseño de parque comprende 2.650 metros cuadrados de áreas verdes y se ampliarán los espacios de sombra a través de distintas estructuras. Asimismo, se sembrarán más de 20 árboles nativos, que aumentarán la sombra natural del parque. (...) En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales.

Pull quotesCitas destacadas

"prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales."

"prima facie it is ruled out that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission that violates fundamental rights."

Considerando III

"prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales."

Considerando III

"En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, (...) no está de más advertir que, si la accionante se encuentra inconforme con las obras y evaluaciones realizadas por la autoridad accionada, podrá plantear los alegatos que correspondan ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales ordinarias competentes."

"In light of the above, and in accordance with the precedent cited above, (...) it is worth noting that, if the plaintiff is dissatisfied with the works and evaluations carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional instances."

Considerando III

"En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, (...) no está de más advertir que, si la accionante se encuentra inconforme con las obras y evaluaciones realizadas por la autoridad accionada, podrá plantear los alegatos que correspondan ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales ordinarias competentes."

Considerando III

Full documentDocumento completo

**Therefore:** Recurso de amparo (amparo action) filed in case file no. 26-003313-0007-CO, brought by Nombre01, identity card CED01, against the MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOICOECHEA.

**Considering:** 1.- By a writing received in the Secretariat of the Chamber on January 29, 2026, the petitioner files an amparo action. She states that, in 2024, the respondent municipality promoted the project called "Reconstrucción Parque" in Parque Santiago Jara, under tender number 2024LY 000002 0024100001, a project that contemplates the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green areas, and the elimination of existing structures, without having provided a plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna. Likewise, she comments that, according to the project's plans and informational signs, the number of trees that would remain is minimal, which eliminates indispensable shaded areas for both people and animals, worsening the effects of global warming. She even emphasizes that said project does not consider the relocation of nests, nor the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels, in addition to the fact that it does contemplate the removal of the existing fountain in the park, which constitutes a water source for the animals, without guaranteeing an alternative supply of drinking water through a constant flow or defined schedules, thereby depriving the fauna of access to an essential resource for their survival. She stresses that these actions reflect a repeated conduct by the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, its mayor's office, and its municipal council, characterized by a lack of respect for environmental and animal welfare legislation, an absence of environmental awareness, and the omission of minimum flora and fauna protection measures, directly affecting the residents of the canton and the public environmental interest. By virtue of the foregoing, she considers that her fundamental rights and those of the other inhabitants of the area have been harmed, and therefore she requests that this appeal be granted with merit and: "(…) that the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, mayor's office, and municipal council be ordered to halt the project since an EXTERNAL study by a professional in the field of parks, biological corridors, forest management (gestión forestal), and environmental management is necessary, that a working group be convened with the participation of the animal welfare committee of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea (which the mayor's office renders invisible) and other related entities that oversee and can work on containment, mitigation, and measures against the environmental impact on flora and fauna and include them in the project. That the space of the animals, such as the trees they inhabit and green spaces, be respected. That they guarantee a space for the animals to drink water, that the water not be stagnant, at least, guarantee a constant flow during the day or that there be a schedule when the taps are opened so they can drink water. That MINAE provide training on environmental issues to the municipal council and mayor's office, perhaps with knowledge of the facts they will begin to formulate projects in an integral manner, considering the repercussions that poor decisions entail. That the Municipalidad de Goicoechea provide a report on what happened in the Parque Centenario and pay for the environmental damage caused, in addition to the integral repair of the place such as reforestation, a water-drinking space for the animals, and precautionary and defensive measures for the Flora and Fauna of the place (…)".

2.- By a ruling at 1:41 p.m. on February 5, 2026, the Presidency of the Chamber admitted the proceedings and requested a report from the mayor, the president of the Council, and the director of Environmental Management, all of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea.

3.- By a writing added to the file on February 9, 2026, the petitioner indicates that, as a precedent, in 2013 in another park (parque de Guadalupe), there was a poisoning of pigeons; furthermore, in the Parque Centenario there was a tree pruning, an event that was investigated in criminal case file no. 25-000015-0611-PE; however, the criminal court did not find evidence against the respondent municipality. Nevertheless, she argues that these cases constitute a background of the municipal actions and omissions.

4.- By a writing added to the file on February 12, 2026, Fernando Chavarría Quirós and Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, in their order, mayor and director of Environmental Management, both of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, report: "based on official communication MG-AG-DI-0405-2026, of February 10, 2026, signed by Eng. Mario Iván Rojas Sánchez, Director of Engineering and Operations, Eng. Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, Director of Environmental Management, and Eng. Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks and Green Areas, all of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, by virtue of the nature of their positions and the alleged facts, we come to render the report requested by this honorable Constitutional Chamber in relation to the facts alleged by the petitioner Nombre01, wherein in summary, an attempt is made to attribute to this Municipality an alleged environmental impact, derived from the remodeling works executed in Parque Santiago Jara (Parque Central de Guadalupe), for which we set forth the corresponding technical, environmental, and administrative considerations: 1. Tree felling. The intervention works have the technical advice of Forest Engineer Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Parks Department, who carried out an integral phytosanitary evaluation (evaluación fitosanitaria integral) of the existing trees. As a result of the technical analysis, it was determined that two trees, one 'llama de bosque' and another 'fresno mexicano', present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, including root system damage, dry branches, and potential risk of falling, which constitutes a threat to user safety. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their removal was authorized, and as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow a progressive increase in vegetation cover. 2. Green area. Prior to the intervention, the park had approximately 3,463 square meters of green area, whose irregular geometry limited its efficient use and proper maintenance. The new design contemplates 2,650 square meters of functional green areas, albeit with better distribution, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and greater social use. The reorganization responds to technical criteria for the optimization of public space, prioritizing functionality and effective use by the community. 3. Presence of nests. To date, the technical inspections carried out by municipal personnel have not identified bird nests on the ground within the intervened area. 4. Alleged poisoning of pigeons. This administration does not have technical, documentary, or testimonial evidence that would allow attributing any pigeon poisoning event to the Municipality. If an act of a vandalistic nature existed, it would be alien to the municipal management and cannot be imputed without the existence of objective proof, supported only by hearsay, a product of mere unfounded presumptions. 5. Shaded areas. Far from being eliminated, the project increases shade and climate shelter conditions, through inclusive and complementary infrastructure, such as: Inclusive bus stop • Breastfeeding room and family service. • Properly equipped sanitary services. • Cafeteria with roofed areas. • Planting of more than 20 native trees, which in the medium term will increase the park's natural shade. These actions improve the conditions of stay and comfort for users. 6. Removal of the fountain. The current fountain will be replaced by an interactive fountain with 40 ground-level jets, designed as a safe recreational element for children and as a hydration point for urban birds, thus maintaining the park's water component. 8. Parque Centenario. Since 2018, the Municipality has promoted a sustained process of integral recovery of the Parque Centenario, incorporating cultural, recreational, and sports infrastructure that has consolidated it as a cantonal landmark. Currently this park has: • Cultural and fairground stage. • Children's games. • Breastfeeding room. • Accessible sanitary services. • Outdoor and calisthenics gym. • Multiple sports courts. • Dog park. • Mini athletics track. • Free library and Municipal School of Music. • Surveillance booth with closed-circuit monitoring. Parque Centenario, with more than two hectares, permanently has three security officers and operates from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., consolidating itself as a Cultural Sports Complex for the Northeast Area of the Greater Metropolitan Area. It is important to note that during its intervention, no tree was cut down; on the contrary, more than 40 trees and pollinator species have been planted. Likewise, coordination is maintained with the Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz for the structural review and reforestation of native species in public areas of the canton. And there is a current agreement with El Parque La Libertad in the canton of Desamparados and the project Transición Hacia una Economía Verde Urbana (TEVU) through which we are provided with 700 trees and 1200 native pollinator plants to be used in reforestation and ecological restoration processes in public spaces of the canton.".

5.- By a writing added to the file on February 19, 2026, Gloriana Carmona Seravalli, president of the Concejo Municipal of Goicoechea, renders a report. She notes that the matters under complaint are the competence of the Alcaldía Municipal.

6.- In the proceedings followed, the legal requirements have been observed.

Drafted by Judge Rueda Leal; and, **Considering:** I.- PURPOSE OF THE ACTION. The petitioner states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green areas, and the elimination of existing structures; however, a plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was not provided. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shaded areas for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will have no place to drink the liquid. She explains that such conduct is repeated on the part of the respondent municipality, since as a precedent, in 2013 something similar happened with another park in the canton.

II.- PROVEN FACTS. Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been so accredited or because the respondent authority has omitted referring to them, according to what is provided in the initial order:

a)The respondent municipality is in the process of executing works concerning the remodeling project of Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea. (Documentary evidence).
b)The respondent municipality conducted an "integral phytosanitary evaluation of the trees" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which their removal was authorized. In addition, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. (Report of the respondent authority).
c)The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shaded areas will be expanded through different structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the park's natural shade. (Report of the respondent authority).
d)The park's main water fountain will be replaced by another with 40 jets, so the park's water component will be maintained. (Report of the respondent authority).
e)In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning. (Report of the respondent authority).

III.- REGARDING THE SPECIFIC CASE. In the sub lite, the petitioner states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green areas, and the elimination of existing structures; however, a plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was not provided. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shaded areas for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will have no place to drink the liquid. She explains that such conduct is repeated on the part of the respondent municipality, since as a precedent, in 2013 something similar happened with another park in the canton.

From the study of the case file, it has been proven that the respondent municipality is in the process of executing works concerning the remodeling project of Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea. The respondent municipality conducted an "integral phytosanitary evaluation of the trees" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which their removal was authorized. In addition, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shaded areas will be expanded through different structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the park's natural shade. The park's main water fountain will be replaced by another with 40 jets, so the park's water component will be maintained. In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning.

On this matter, it is important to note that, in judgment no. 2026010907 at 9:20 a.m. on March 27, 2026, this Chamber resolved an amparo action also filed due to the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara, in the following terms:

"I.- PURPOSE OF THE ACTION. The petitioner complains that the respondent municipality began the remodeling of Parque Santiago Jara without making the project plans available to the public, which she considers contrary to the principles of probity, transparency, and free access to information. Furthermore, she points out that the respondent municipality has not provided clarity on the fate of the kiosk, the fountain, or the existing green areas, elements that form part of the architectural historical heritage and the park's ecosystem. On this point, she comments that on January 28, 2026, the corresponding heritage declaration request was submitted, which was acknowledged as received the following day (see evidence provided). She indicates that the observed proposal – in a kind of image placed in the park – eliminates trees, green areas, and recreational spaces without technical criteria to justify it, breaching environmental, urban planning, and municipal regulations, as well as the obligation to carry out the respective procedures before the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Law No. 7555. She adds that for more than ten years, a health order related to the pigeons has weighed upon the park, which has not been duly addressed, and that the remodeling, presented as a solution, cannot be executed to the detriment of the heritage nor of the legally established recreational use. She concludes requesting that the Municipalidad de Goicoechea respect due process, preserve the kiosk, the fountain, the green areas, and the trees, incorporate children's games and leisure spaces typical of a recreational park, and redesign the project in accordance with current regulations to guarantee the protection of heritage and the constitutional right to a healthy environment (…)

IV.- ON THE MERITS. From the report rendered under oath by the respondent authority, with the even criminal consequences provided for in numeral 44 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, an infringement of the fundamental rights of the petitioner is ruled out, based on the considerations set forth below. In this regard, the Mayor of the respondent Municipality reported under oath that the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara in Guadalupe do not contemplate the demolition or affecting of the existing kiosk. Furthermore, the kiosk, like any other structure present in the park, has not been declared Historical-Architectural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Youth. By virtue of the foregoing, as to this aspect, the action must be dismissed. On the other hand, the respondent authority reported that the new design of the park in question contemplates 2,650 m2 of functional green areas, which will be reorganized with the aim of improving: the distribution of the public space, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and the social use of the park. This reorganization responds to technical criteria of urban planning, prioritizing the functionality of the public space and its effective use by the community. 4. Ecosystem and tree management. Once the remodeling works are completed, the ecosystems present in the park may continue to coexist with the projected infrastructure, by virtue of the fact that the design contemplates the conservation of green areas and the replanting of tree species. The project contemplates, among other elements: Inclusive roofed stop for public transport, Cafeteria with accessible sanitary services in accordance with Law No. 7600, Room for baby changing and breastfeeding room, Children's games, Interactive fountain with 40 jets, Green areas, Urban sign with the name of the canton, Free library, Bee hotel (pollinator refuge), Emergency assistance button, Bicycle parking, Hopscotch-type floor games, and Video surveillance system, Surveillance booth with closed-circuit monitoring, Universal accessibility at the four corners of the park. As part of the technical analysis carried out by the Department of Parks and Green Areas, it was determined that two existing trees (one specimen of 'llama de bosque' and another of 'fresno mexicano') present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, evidenced in: damage to the root system, presence of dry branches, structural weakening, and potential risk of falling. These conditions represent a risk to the safety of park users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their controlled removal was authorized. As a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow a progressive increase in the park's vegetation cover. Thus, in the present case, any violation of what is provided in Article 50 of the Constitution is ruled out. Note also that the petitioner has not filed any formal action before the respondent authority denouncing any of the issues alleged in this appeal. Finally, if the petitioner considers that the respondent authority has not complied with a health order issued due to the pigeon problem that has not been duly addressed, she must allege this before the competent authorities. In light of the foregoing, this appeal must be dismissed, as is hereby ordered.".

Thus, it can be seen that, in the cited precedent, the Chamber ruled out any breach of Article 50 of the Political Constitution for the allegations that are raised analogously in the sub iudice. In this sense, it is worth emphasizing that the project comprises an area of 2,650 square meters of green areas, that the shaded areas will be expanded, including through the planting of more than 20 native trees. Furthermore, the water fountain will not be eliminated, but will be replaced by one with 40 jets, precisely to maintain the water component. On the other hand, an "integral phytosanitary evaluation of the trees" of the park was indeed carried out, and regarding the need for tree removal, it was determined that specifically 2 ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and risk of falling; however, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. Additionally, in the inspections carried out, the municipality has not recorded any situation of animal poisoning, nor bird nests that warrant any type of intervention.

By virtue of the foregoing, and in accordance with the precedent cited ut supra, prima facie it is ruled out that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission harmful to fundamental rights. Now, it is not superfluous to warn that, if the petitioner disagrees with the works and evaluations carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding allegations before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional instances, venues where, in a comprehensive manner, she may discuss the merits of the matter.

Ergo, the action is dismissed.

IV.- DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED TO THE CASE FILE. The parties are warned that, if they have provided any paper document or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (approved by the Corte Plena in Article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in the Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and in Article LXXXI of the session of the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial no. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.

**Therefore:** The action is dismissed.

Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

Luis Fdo. Salazar A.

Jorge Araya G.

Anamari Garro V.

Ingrid Hess H.

Digitally Signed Document -- Verification code -- *MWG7EVMUVSO61* Telephones: Telf01/ ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección01, Dirección02, 100 mts. Sur de la iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro).

By virtue of the foregoing, she considers that her fundamental rights and those of the other inhabitants of the area have been harmed, and therefore, she requests that this appeal be granted and: "(…) that the Municipality of Goicochea, the mayor's office and the municipal council be ordered to stop the project because an EXTERNAL study by a professional in the field of parks, biological corridors (corredores biológicos), forest and environmental management is necessary, that a working group be convened and that the animal welfare committee of the Municipality of Goicochea participate (which the mayor's office makes invisible) and other related entities that oversee and can work on containment, mitigation, and measures against the environmental impact on flora and fauna and include them in the project. That the space of the animals be respected, like the trees they inhabit and green spaces. That they guarantee a space for the animals to drink water, that the water not be stagnant, at least, guarantee a constant flow during the day or that there be a schedule where they open the taps so they can drink water. That MINAE provide training on environmental issues to the municipal council and mayor's office, perhaps with informed knowledge they will begin to formulate projects in an integral manner, thinking about the repercussions that bad decisions entail. That the Municipality of Goicochea provide a report on what happened in Parque Centenario and pay for the environmental damage caused, in addition to the full restoration of the site such as reforestation, space for the animals to drink water, and precautionary and defensive measures for the Flora and Fauna of the place (…)".2.-By resolution at 13:41 hours on February 5, 2026, the Presidency of the Chamber admitted the process and requested a report from the mayor, the president of the Council, and the director of Environmental Management (Gestión Ambiental), all of the Municipality of Goicoechea. 3.- By a brief added to the file on February 9, 2026, the appellant notes that, as background, in 2013 in another park (parque de Guadalupe), there was a poisoning of pigeons; furthermore, in Parque Centenario there was a pruning of trees, a fact that was investigated in criminal file no. 25-000015-0611-PE; however, the criminal court did not find evidence against the respondent municipality. Nevertheless, she argues that these cases constitute background of municipal actions and omissions.4.- By a brief added to the file on February 12, 2026, Fernando Chavarría Quirós and Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, in their respective order, mayor and director of Environmental Management (Gestión Ambiental), both of the Municipality of Goicoechea, report: “based on official letter MG-AG-DI-0405-2026, dated February 10, 2026, signed by Eng. Mario Iván Rojas Sánchez, Director of Engineering and Operations, Eng. Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, Director of Environmental Management (Gestión Ambiental), and Eng. Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks and Green Zones, all of the Municipality of Goicoechea, by virtue of the nature of their position and the alleged facts, we come to render the report requested by this honorable Constitutional Chamber in relation to the facts alleged by appellant Nombre01, which in summary, intends to attribute to this Municipality an alleged environmental impact, derived from the remodeling works carried out in Parque Santiago Jara (Parque Central de Guadalupe), for this we set out the corresponding technical, environmental and administrative considerations: 1. Felling of trees The intervention works have the technical advice of Forest Engineer Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks, who carried out an integral phytosanitary assessment of the existing tree population. As a result of the technical analysis, it was determined that two trees, one llama de bosque and another mexican ash (fresno mexicano), present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, including root system damage, dry branches and potential risk of falling, which constitutes a threat to the safety of users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their removal was authorized and as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow a progressive increase in vegetation cover. 2. Green area Prior to the intervention, the park had approximately 3,463 square meters of green area, whose irregular geometry limited its efficient use and adequate maintenance. The new design contemplates 2,650 square meters of functional green areas, with better distribution, universal accessibility, landscape continuity and greater social use. The reorganization responds to technical criteria for the optimization of public space, prioritizing functionality and effective use by the community. 3. Presence of nests. To date, the technical inspections carried out by municipal personnel have not identified bird nests on the ground within the intervened area. 4. Alleged poisoning of pigeons This administration does not have technical, documentary, or testimonial evidence that allows attributing any event of pigeon poisoning to the Municipality. If there were an act of a vandalistic nature, it would be unrelated to municipal management and cannot be imputed without the existence of objective proof, supported only by hearsay, a product of mere unfounded presumptions. 5. Shade spaces. Far from being eliminated, the project increases conditions of shade and climatic shelter, through inclusive and complementary infrastructure, such as: Inclusive bus shelter • Lactation room and family service. • Properly equipped sanitary services. • Cafeteria with roofed areas. • Planting of more than 20 native trees, which in the medium term will increase the natural shade of the park. These actions improve the conditions of permanence and comfort for users. 6. Removal of the fountain The current fountain will be replaced by an interactive fountain with 40 jets at floor level, designed as a safe recreational element for children and as a hydration point for urban birds, thus maintaining the water component of the park. 8. Parque Centenario Since 2018, the Municipality has promoted a sustained process of integral recovery of Parque Centenario, incorporating cultural, recreational, and sports infrastructure that has consolidated it as a cantonal landmark. This park currently has: • Cultural and fairground stage. • Children's games. • Lactation room. • Accessible sanitary services. • Outdoor gym and calisthenics gym. • Multi-sport courts. • Dog park. • Mini athletics track. • Free library and Municipal School of Music. • Surveillance booth with closed-circuit monitoring. Parque Centenario, with more than two hectares, permanently has three security officers and operates from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., consolidating itself as a Cultural Sports Complex of the Northeast Area of the Greater Metropolitan Area. It is important to highlight that during its intervention, no tree was felled; on the contrary, more than 40 trees and pollinator species have been planted. Likewise, coordination is maintained with the Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz for the structural review and reforestation of native species in public areas of the canton. And there is a current agreement with Parque La Libertad of the canton of Desamparados and the project Transition Towards an Urban Green Economy (Transición Hacia una Economía Verde Urbana, TEVU) in which we are provided with 700 trees and 1200 native pollinator plants to be used in reforestation and ecological restoration processes in public spaces of the canton.". 5.- By a brief added to the file on February 19, 2026, Gloriana Carmona Seravalli, president of the Municipal Council of Goicoechea, renders a report. She notes that the accused situations are the competence of the Municipal Mayor's Office.6.- In the proceedings followed, the legal requirements have been observed. Drafted by Magistrate Rueda Leal; and,Considering: I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. The appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green zones and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation for the environmental impact on the flora and fauna of the place was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces are being eliminated for both people and animals; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors (corredores verdes) that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such conducts are repeated by the respondent municipality, since as background, in 2013 something similar occurred with another park in the canton. II.- PROVEN FACTS. Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been accredited or because the respondent authority has omitted to refer to them, as provided in the initial order:<div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'1'; -aw-list-padding-sml:7.12pt">a)     The respondent municipality is in the process of executing works related to the remodeling project for Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea. (Documentary evidence).</div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'2'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt">b)    The respondent municipality carried out an "integral phytosanitary assessment of the tree population" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and mexican ash (fresno mexicano)") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which reason their removal was authorized. Furthermore, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. (Report of the respondent authority).</div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'3'; -aw-list-padding-sml:7.12pt">c)     The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shade spaces will be expanded through different structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the natural shade of the park. (Report of the respondent authority).</div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'4'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt">d)    The main water fountain of the park will be replaced by another one with 40 jets, therefore the water component of the park will be maintained. (Report of the respondent authority).</div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'5'; -aw-list-padding-sml:7.12pt">e)     In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning. (Report of the respondent authority).</div>III.- ON THE SPECIFIC CASE. In the sub lite, the appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green zones and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation for the environmental impact on the flora and fauna of the place was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces are being eliminated for both people and animals; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors (corredores verdes) that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such conducts are repeated by the respondent municipality, since as background, in 2013 something similar occurred with another park in the canton.From the study of the case file, it has been proven that the respondent municipality is in the process of executing works related to the remodeling project for Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea. The respondent municipality carried out an "integral phytosanitary assessment of the tree population" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and mexican ash (fresno mexicano)") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which reason their removal was authorized. Furthermore, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shade spaces will be expanded through different structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the natural shade of the park. The main water fountain of the park will be replaced by another one with 40 jets, therefore the water component of the park will be maintained. In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning. On this point, it is pertinent to note that, in judgment no. 2026010907 at 9:20 hours on March 27, 2026, this Chamber resolved an amparo appeal also filed regarding the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara, in the following terms:"I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. The appellant claims that the respondent municipality began the remodeling of Parque Santiago Jara without making the project plans publicly available, which she considers contrary to the principles of probity, transparency and free access to information. Additionally, she points out that the respondent municipality has not provided clarity on the fate of the kiosk, the fountain, or the existing green areas, elements that form part of the historical-architectural heritage and the ecosystem of the park. On this point, she comments that on January 28, 2026, the corresponding heritage declaration request was submitted, which was acknowledged as received the following day (see evidence provided). She indicates that the observed proposal - in a kind of image placed in the park- eliminates trees, green zones and recreational spaces without technical criteria to justify it, breaching environmental, urban planning and municipal regulations, as well as the obligation to carry out the respective procedures before the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Law No. 7555. She adds that a sanitary order related to pigeons has been pending over the park for more than ten years and has not been duly addressed, and that the remodeling, presented as a solution, cannot be carried out to the detriment of heritage or the legally established recreational use. She concludes by requesting that the Municipality of Goicoechea respect due process, preserve the kiosk, the fountain, the green areas and the trees, incorporate children's games and leisure spaces typical of a recreational park, and redesign the project in accordance with current regulations to guarantee the protection of heritage and the constitutional right to a healthy environment (…)IV.- ON THE MERITS. From the report rendered under oath by the respondent authority, with the consequences, even criminal, provided for in article 44 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, an infringement of the fundamental rights of the appellant is ruled out, based on the considerations set out below. In this regard, the Mayor of the respondent Municipality reported under oath that the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara in Guadalupe do not contemplate the demolition or affecting of the existing kiosk. Furthermore, the kiosk, like any other structure present in the park, has not been declared Historical-Architectural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Youth. By virtue of the foregoing, regarding that point the appeal must be dismissed.

On the other hand, the respondent authority reported that the new design of the park in question includes 2,650 m² of functional green areas, which will be reorganized with the aim of improving: the distribution of public space, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and the social enjoyment of the park. This reorganization responds to technical urban planning criteria, prioritizing the functionality of the public space and its effective use by the community. 4. Ecosystem and tree management. Once the remodeling works are completed, the ecosystems present in the park will be able to continue coexisting with the planned infrastructure, by virtue of the fact that the design includes the conservation of green areas and the replanting of tree species. The project includes, among other elements: Covered inclusive bus stop for public transportation, Cafeteria with accessible sanitary facilities in accordance with Law No. 7600, Baby-changing room and lactation room, Children's playground, Interactive fountain with 40 jets, Green zones, Urban sign with the name of the canton, Free library, Bee hotel (pollinator refuge), Emergency call button, Bicycle parking, Hopscotch-style floor games and Video surveillance system, Guard booth with closed-circuit monitoring, Universal accessibility at all four corners of the park. As part of the technical analysis conducted by the Department of Parks and Green Zones, it was determined that two existing trees (one specimen of llama del bosque and another of Mexican ash) exhibit structural and phytosanitary deterioration, evidenced by: root system damage, presence of dead branches, structural weakening, and potential risk of falling. These conditions represent a risk to the safety of park users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their controlled removal was authorized. As a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species appropriate for the urban environment, which will allow for a progressive increase in the park's vegetation cover. That being the case, in the present matter, any violation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitution is hereby dismissed. Note also that the appellant has not filed any formal petition before the respondent authority denouncing any of the issues alleged in this appeal. Finally, if the appellant considers that the respondent authority has not complied with a sanitary order issued concerning the pigeon problem that has not been duly addressed, she must allege this before the competent authorities. In view of the foregoing, this appeal must be declared without merit, as is hereby ordered.” That being the case, it is observed that, in the cited precedent, the Chamber dismissed any violation of Article 50 of the Political Constitution based on the allegations raised analogously in the sub iudice. In this regard, it is important to emphasize that the project comprises an area of 2,650 square meters of green zones, that shaded spaces will be expanded, including through the planting of more than 20 native trees. Moreover, the water source will not be eliminated but rather replaced by one with 40 jets, precisely to maintain the water component. On the other hand, a “comprehensive phytosanitary assessment of the trees” in the park was conducted, and regarding the need for tree removal, it was determined that specifically 2 (“llama del bosque and Mexican ash”) exhibit structural deterioration and risk of falling; however, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. Additionally, during the inspections carried out, the municipality has not recorded any situation of animal poisoning, nor any bird nests requiring any type of intervention.

By virtue of the foregoing, and in accordance with the cited precedent ut supra, prima facie any action or omission infringing on fundamental rights on the part of the respondent municipality is dismissed. Now, it is worth noting that, if the claimant disagrees with the works and assessments carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional bodies, venues where she will be able to fully discuss the merits of the matter.

Ergo, the appeal is declared without merit.

IV.- DOCUMENTATION SUBMITTED TO THE CASE FILE. The parties are warned that, should they have submitted any document in paper form or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be collected within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Regulations on the Electronic Case File before the Judicial Branch" (approved by the Full Court in Article XXVI of session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in the Judicial Bulletin No. 19 of January 26, 2012) and on Article LXXXI of the session of the Superior Council of the Judicial Branch No. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.

Por tanto:

The appeal is declared without merit.

Fernando Castillo V.

President Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

The image appears at the top with dimensions and styling preserved as in the original. The text of the document reads:

[image: width="162" height="74" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline"] Luis Fdo.

Res. No. 2026013329 **CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE.** San José, at nine hours twenty minutes on the twenty-first of April, two thousand twenty-six.

A recurso de amparo (acción de amparo) processed in expediente No. **26-003313-0007-CO,** filed by **Nombre01**, identity card CED01, against the **MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOICOECHEA.** **Resultando (Whereas):** **1.-** By a document received at the Chamber's Secretariat on January 29, 2026, the petitioner files a recurso de amparo (acción de amparo). She states that, in 2024, the respondent municipality promoted the project called "Park Reconstruction" in Parque Santiago Jara, under tender number 2024LY 000002 0024100001, a project that contemplates significant tree felling, the extreme reduction of green zones, and the elimination of existing structures, without a plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact (impacto ambiental) on the location's flora and fauna having been provided. Likewise, she comments that, according to the project's plans and information signs, the number of trees that would remain is minimal, which eliminates shade spaces indispensable for both people and animals, worsening the effects of global warming. She even emphasizes that said project does not consider the relocation of nests, nor the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels, plus the fact that it does contemplate the removal of the existing fountain in the park, which constitutes a water source for the animals, without an alternative supply of drinking water being guaranteed through constant flow or through defined schedules, which deprives the fauna of access to an essential resource for their survival. She stresses that these actions reflect a repeated conduct of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, its mayor's office, and its municipal council, characterized by a lack of respect for environmental and animal welfare legislation, the absence of environmental awareness, and the omission of minimum protection measures for flora and fauna, directly affecting the residents of the canton and the environmental public interest. By virtue of the foregoing, she considers that her fundamental rights and those of the other inhabitants of the area have been violated; therefore, she requests that this recurso (acción) be declared with merit (con lugar) and: *"(...) that the Municipalidad de Goicochea, the mayor's office, and the municipal council be ordered to stop the project since an EXTERNAL study by a professional in the field of parks, biological corridors, forest and environmental management is necessary; that a working group be convened and that the animal welfare committee of the Municipalidad de Goicochea participate (whom the mayor's office renders invisible), and other related entities that oversee and can work on containment, mitigation, and measures against the environmental impact (impacto ambiental) on flora and fauna, and they be included in the project. That the animals' space be respected, such as the trees they inhabit and green spaces. That they guarantee a space for the animals to drink water, that the water not be stagnant, at least, guarantee a constant flow during the day or that there be a schedule when the taps are opened so they can drink water. That MINAE provide training on environmental issues to the municipal council and mayor's office; perhaps with informed knowledge they will begin to formulate projects comprehensively, considering the repercussions that bad decisions entail. That the Municipalidad de Goicochea provide a report on what happened in Parque Centenario and pay for the environmental damage caused, in addition to the integral reparation of the place such as reforestation, a water drinking space for the animals, and precautionary measures in defense of the Flora and Fauna of the place (...)"*.

**2.-** By means of a resolution at 13:41 hours on February 5, 2026, the Presidency of the Chamber granted the process course and requested a report from the mayor, the president of the Council, and the director of Environmental Management, all of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea.

3.- By a document incorporated into the case file on February 9, 2026, the appellant notes that, as a precedent, in 2013 in another park (Guadalupe park), there was a poisoning of pigeons; additionally, in the Parque Centenario a tree pruning occurred, an event investigated in criminal case file no. 25-000015-0611-PE; however, the criminal court did not find evidence against the respondent municipality. Nevertheless, she argues that these cases constitute precedents of the municipal actions and omissions.

4.- By a document incorporated into the case file on February 12, 2026, Fernando Chavarría Quirós and Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, in their respective capacities as Mayor and Director of Environmental Management, both of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, report: “based on official letter MG-AG-DI-0405-2026, dated February 10, 2026, signed by Eng. Mario Iván Rojas Sánchez, Director of Engineering and Operations, Eng. Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, Director of Environmental Management, and Eng. Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks and Green Zones, all of the Municipalidad de Goicoechea, by virtue of the nature of their positions and the facts alleged, we hereby render the report requested by this honorable Constitutional Chamber in relation to the facts alleged by the appellant Nombre01, in which, in summary, the intent is to attribute to this Municipality an alleged environmental impact (afectación ambiental), arising from the remodeling works executed in Parque Santiago Jara (Parque Central de Guadalupe), therefore we present the corresponding technical, environmental, and administrative considerations: 1. Tree Felling The intervention works have the technical advisory of Forestry Engineer Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks, who conducted a comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the existing trees. As a result of the technical analysis, it was determined that two trees, one llamade bosque and another fresno mexicano, exhibit structural and phytosanitary deterioration, including root system damage (afectación radicular), dry branches, and a potential risk of falling, which constitutes a threat to user safety. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their removal was authorized, and as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow a progressive increase in vegetation cover (cobertura vegetal). 2. Green Area Prior to the intervention, the park had approximately 3,463 square meters of green area, whose irregular geometry limited its efficient use and proper maintenance. The new design contemplates 2,650 square meters of functional green areas, with better distribution, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and greater social utilization. The reorganization responds to technical criteria for the optimization of public space, prioritizing functionality and effective use by the community. 3. Presence of Nests. To date, technical inspections carried out by municipal staff have not identified bird nests on the ground within the intervened area. 4. Alleged Pigeon Poisoning This administration does not have technical, documentary, or testimonial evidence that allows attributing any pigeon poisoning event to the Municipality. If an act of a vandalistic nature were to exist, it would be unrelated to municipal management and cannot be imputed without the existence of objective proof, supported solely by a statement, the product of mere unfounded presumptions. 5. Shade Spaces. Far from being eliminated, the project increases shade and climatic shelter conditions, this through inclusive and complementary infrastructure, such as: Inclusive bus shelter • Lactation room and family service. • Properly equipped sanitary services. • Cafeteria with roofed areas. • Planting of more than 20 native trees, which in the medium term will increase the park's natural shade. These actions improve the conditions of permanence and comfort for users. 6. Removal of the Fountain The current fountain will be replaced by an interactive fountain with 40 jets at floor level, designed as a safe recreational element for children and as a hydration point for urban birds, thus maintaining the hydraulic component of the park. 8. Parque Centenario Since 2018, the Municipality has promoted a sustained process of comprehensive recovery of Parque Centenario, incorporating cultural, recreational, and sports infrastructure that has consolidated it as a cantonal reference point. Currently this park has: • Cultural and fairground stage. • Children's playgrounds. • Lactation room. • Accessible sanitary services. • Outdoor gym and calisthenics area. • Multiple sports courts. • Dog park. • Mini athletics track. • Free library and Municipal School of Music. • Security booth with closed-circuit monitoring. Parque Centenario, with over two hectares, permanently has three security officers and operates from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., consolidating itself as a Cultural Sports Complex of the Northeast Area of the Greater Metropolitan Area. It is important to highlight that during its intervention no tree was felled; on the contrary, more than 40 trees and pollinator species have been planted. Likewise, coordination is maintained with the Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz for structural review and reforestation (restauración ecológica) with native species in public zones of the canton. And there is a current agreement with El Parque La Libertad in the canton of Desamparados and the project Transición Hacia una Economía Verde Urbana (TEVU) through which we were provided 700 trees and 1200 native pollinator plants to be used in reforestation and ecological restoration processes in public spaces of the canton.”.

5.- By a document incorporated into the case file on February 19, 2026, Gloriana Carmona Seravalli, president of the Concejo Municipal de Goicoechea, renders a report. She notes that the reported situations are the responsibility of the Alcaldía Municipal.

6.- In the proceedings followed, legal requirements have been observed.

Drafted by Magistrate Rueda Leal; and,

Considering:

I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. The appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate significant tree felling, extreme reduction of green zones, and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor was the preservation of green corridors (corredores verdes) that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such behaviors are repeated by the respondent municipality, as by way of precedent, something similar occurred in 2013 with another park in the canton.

II.- PROVEN FACTS. Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been accredited or because the respondent authority has omitted to refer to them, as provided for in the initial order:

a)The respondent municipality is in the process of executing works concerning the remodeling project of parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. (Documentary proof).
b)The respondent municipality carried out a “comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the trees” in the park, which determined that 2 trees (“llama de bosque and fresno mexicano”) present structural deterioration and a potential risk of falling, therefore their removal was authorized. Additionally, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. (Report of the respondent authority).
c)The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas, and the shade spaces will be expanded through various structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the park's natural shade. (Report of the respondent authority).
d)The park's main water fountain will be replaced by another with 40 jets, therefore the hydraulic component of the park will be maintained. (Report of the respondent authority).
e)In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning. (Report of the respondent authority).

III.- ON THE SPECIFIC CASE. In the sub lite, the appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate significant tree felling, extreme reduction of green zones, and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor was the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such behaviors are repeated by the respondent municipality, as by way of precedent, something similar occurred in 2013 with another park in the canton.

From the study of the case file, it has been proven that the respondent municipality is in the process of executing works concerning the remodeling project of parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. The respondent municipality carried out a “comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the trees” in the park, which determined that 2 trees (“llama de bosque and fresno mexicano”) present structural deterioration and a potential risk of falling, therefore their removal was authorized. Additionally, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas, and the shade spaces will be expanded through various structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the park's natural shade. The park's main water fountain will be replaced by another with 40 jets, therefore the hydraulic component of the park will be maintained. In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning.

In this regard, it is pertinent to note that, in judgment no. 2026010907 of 9:20 a.m. on March 27, 2026, this Chamber resolved an amparo appeal also filed concerning the remodeling works of parque Santiago Jara, in the following terms:

“I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. The appellant complains that the respondent municipality began the remodeling of Parque Santiago Jara without making the project plans publicly available, which she deems contrary to the principles of probity, transparency, and free access to information. Furthermore, she points out that the respondent municipality has not provided clarity on the fate of the kiosk, the fountain, or the existing green areas, elements that form part of the historical-architectural heritage and the ecosystem of the park. On this point, she notes that on January 28, 2026, the corresponding request for a heritage declaration was submitted, for which acknowledgment of receipt was given the following day (see evidence provided). She indicates that the proposal observed - in a type of image placed in the park - eliminates trees, green zones, and recreational spaces without technical criteria to justify it, breaching environmental, urban planning, and municipal regulations, as well as the obligation to carry out the respective procedures before the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Law No. 7555. She adds that for over ten years, a sanitary order related to the pigeons has been pending on the park, which has not been duly addressed, and that the remodeling, presented as a solution, cannot be executed to the detriment of the heritage or the legally established recreational use. She concludes by requesting that the Municipalidad de Goicoechea respect due process, preserve the kiosk, the fountain, the green areas, and the trees, incorporate children's playgrounds and leisure spaces typical of a recreational park, and redesign the project in accordance with current regulations to guarantee the protection of heritage and the constitutional right to a healthy environment (…)

IV.- ON THE MERITS. From the report rendered under oath by the respondent authority, with the consequences even criminal ones provided for by numeral 44 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, an infringement of the fundamental rights of the appellant is ruled out, based on the considerations set forth below. In this regard, the Mayor of the respondent Municipality reported under oath that the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara in Guadalupe do not contemplate the demolition or impact (afectación) of the existing kiosk. Moreover, the kiosk, as well as any other structure present in the park, has not been declared Historical-Architectural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Youth. By virtue of the foregoing, concerning this specific point, the appeal must be dismissed. On the other hand, the respondent authority reported that the new design of the park in question contemplates 2,650 m2 of functional green areas, which will be reorganized with the objective of improving: the distribution of public space, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and social utilization of the park. This reorganization responds to technical criteria of urban planning, prioritizing the functionality of public space and its effective use by the community. 4. Ecosystem and tree management. Once the remodeling works are completed, the ecosystems present in the park may continue to coexist with the projected infrastructure, by virtue of the fact that the design contemplates the conservation of green areas and the replanting of tree species. The project contemplates, among other elements: Inclusive covered bus stop, Cafeteria with accessible sanitary services in accordance with Law No. 7600, Baby changing room and lactation room, Children's playgrounds, Interactive fountain with 40 jets, Green zones, Urban sign with the name of the canton, Free library, Bee hotel (pollinator refuge), Emergency assistance button, Bicycle parking, Hopscotch-type floor games and Video surveillance system, Security booth with closed-circuit monitoring, Universal accessibility at the four corners of the park. As part of the technical analysis carried out by the Department of Parks and Green Zones, it was determined that two existing trees (one specimen of llama de bosque and another of fresno mexicano) present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, evidenced by: damage to the root system (sistema radicular), presence of dry branches, structural weakening, and potential risk of falling. These conditions represent a risk to the safety of park users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their controlled removal was authorized.

As a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow the progressive increase of the park's vegetation cover. Thus, in the present case, any violation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitution is ruled out. Note also that the appellant has not filed any formal petition before the respondent authority denouncing any of the issues alleged in this appeal. Finally, if the appellant considers that the respondent authority has not complied with a sanitary order issued due to the pigeon problem that has not been duly addressed, she must allege it before the competent authorities. In merit of the foregoing, this appeal must be dismissed, as is hereby ordered.".Thus, it can be seen that, in the cited precedent, the Chamber ruled out any breach of Article 50 of the Political Constitution due to the allegations that are raised analogously in the sub iudice. In this regard, it is worth emphasizing that the project includes an area of 2,650 square meters of green zones, that shaded spaces will be expanded, including through the planting of more than 20 native trees. Furthermore, the water source will not be eliminated, but will be replaced by one with 40 jets, precisely to maintain the water component. On the other hand, a "comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the tree stock" of the park was indeed carried out, and regarding the need for tree removal, it was determined that specifically 2 ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and risk of falling; however, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. In addition, in the inspections carried out, the municipality has not recorded any situation of animal poisoning, nor bird nests that warrant any type of intervention.By virtue of the foregoing, and in accordance with the antecedent cited ut supra, prima facie it is ruled out that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission harmful to fundamental rights. Now, it is not superfluous to warn that, if the claimant disagrees with the works and evaluations carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional instances, venues in which, broadly, she may discuss the merits of the matter.Ergo, the appeal is dismissed.  IV.- DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED TO THE CASE FILE. The parties are warned that, if they have provided any paper document or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be collected within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (approved by the Corte Plena in Article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011 and published in the Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and in Article LXXXI of the session of the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial no. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.Por tanto:   The appeal is dismissed. Fernando Castillo V.

Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

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-aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline\" />Luis Fdo. Salazar A.</td><td style="padding-right:5.65pt; padding-left:5.65pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="padding-right:5.65pt; padding-left:5.65pt; vertical-align:top"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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

 Res. Nº 2026013329 SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del veintiuno de abril de dos mil veintiseis .

Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente nro. 26-003313-0007-CO, interpuesto por Nombre01, cédula de identidad CED01, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOICOECHEA.

Resultando:

1.- Por escrito recibido en la Secretaría de la Sala el 29 de enero de 2026, la accionante interpone recurso de amparo. Manifiesta que, en 2024, la municipalidad accionada promovió el proyecto denominado "Reconstrucción Parque" en el Parque Santiago Jara, bajo la licitación número 2024LY 000002 0024100001, proyecto que contempla la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes, sin que se haya previsto un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. Asimismo, comenta que, de acuerdo con los planos y rótulos informativos del proyecto, la cantidad de árboles que permanecerían es mínima, lo que elimina espacios de sombra indispensables tanto para las personas como para los animales, agravando los efectos del calentamiento global. Incluso enfatiza que dicho proyecto no considera la reubicación de nidos, ni la preservación de corredores verdes que permitan el desplazamiento y la subsistencia de especies como aves y ardillas, más el hecho de que sí contempla la remoción de la fuente existente en el parque, la cual constituye una fuente de agua para los animales, sin que se garantice un suministro alternativo de agua potable mediante flujo constante o mediante horarios definidos, lo que priva a la fauna del acceso a un recurso esencial para su supervivencia. Recalca que estas actuaciones reflejan una conducta reiterada de la Municipalidad de Goicoechea, su alcaldía y su concejo municipal, caracterizada por la falta de respeto a la legislación ambiental y de bienestar animal, la ausencia de conciencia ambiental y la omisión de medidas mínimas de protección de la flora y fauna, afectando de forma directa a las personas vecinas del cantón y al interés público ambiental. En virtud de lo expuesto considera que sus derechos fundamentales y de los demás habitantes de la zona han sido lesionados, por lo que, solicita se declare con lugar el presente recurso y: "(…) se le ordene a la Municipalidad de Goicochea, alcaldía y consejo municipal a detener el proyecto ya que es necesario un estudio EXTERNO de un profesional en la materia de parques, corredores biológicos, gestión forestal y ambiental, que se convoque a una mesa de trabajo y que participe el comité de bienestar animal de la Municipalidad de Goicochea (que la alcaldía los invisibilizan) y demás entes relacionados que fiscalicen y que puedan trabajar en una contención, mitigación y medidas en contra del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y fauna y con lo incluyan en el proyecto. Que se respete el espacio de los animales, como los árboles que habitan y espacios verdes. Que garanticen un espacio para que los animales puedan tomar agua, que el agua no sea estancada, por lo menos, garantizar un flujo constante durante el día o que exista un horario donde abran las llaves para que puedan tomar agua. Que el MINAE les dé una capacitación en temas ambientales al consejo municipal y alcaldía, tal vez con conocimiento de causa empiezan a formular proyectos de forma integral, pensando en las repercusiones que con lleva las malas decisiones. Que la Municipalidad de Goicochea brinde un informa sobre lo sucedido en el Parque Centenario y pague el daño ambiental provocado, además de la reparación integra del lugar como reforestación, espacio para toma de agua para los animales y medidas precautorias y en defensa de la Flora y Fauna del lugar (…)".

2.-Mediante resolución de las 13:41 horas de 5 de febrero de 2026, la Presidencia de la Sala le dio curso al proceso y le solicitó informe al alcalde, al presidente del Concejo y al director de Gestión Ambiental, todos de la Municipalidad de Goicoechea.

3.- Por escrito incorporado al expediente el 9 de febrero de 2026, la recurrente señala que, como antecedente, en 2013 en otro parque (parque de Guadalupe), hubo un envenenamiento de palomas; además, en el Parque Centenario se dio una poda de árboles, hecho que se investigó en el expediente penal nro. 25-000015-0611-PE; sin embargo, el juzgado penal no encontró pruebas en contra de la municipalidad accionada. No obstante, arguye que estos casos constituyen antecedentes de las acciones y omisiones municipales.

4.- Por escrito incorporado al expediente el 12 de febrero de 2026, Fernando Chavarría Quirós y Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, por su orden, alcalde y director de Gestión Ambiental, ambos de la Municipalidad de Goicoechea, informan: “con base en el oficio MG-AG-DI-0405-2026, del 10 de febrero de 2026, suscrito por el Ing. Mario Iván Rojas Sánchez, Director de Ingeniería y Operaciones, Ing. Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, Director de Gestión Ambiental, y el Ing. Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Jefe Departamento de Parques y Zonas Verdes, todos de la Municipalidad de Goicoechea, en virtud de la naturaleza de su cargo y los hechos alegados, venimos a rendir el informe solicitado por esta honorable Sala Constitucional con relación a los hechos alegados por la recurrente Nombre01, en donde en síntesis, se pretende atribuir a este Municipio una supuesta afectación ambiental, derivada de las obras de remodelación ejecutadas en el Parque Santiago Jara (Parque Central de Guadalupe), por ello exponemos las consideraciones técnicas, ambientales y administrativas correspondientes: 1. Tala de árboles Las obras de intervención cuentan con la asesoría técnica del Ingeniero Forestal Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Jefe del Departamento de Parques, quien realizó una evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado existente. Como resultado del análisis técnico se determinó que dos árboles, uno de llama de bosque y otro de fresno mexicano, presentan deterioro estructural y fitosanitario, incluyendo afectación radicular, ramas secas y riesgo potencial de caída, lo que constituye una amenaza para la seguridad de los usuarios. En aplicación del principio de prevención y tutela de la vida humana, se autorizó su remoción y como medida compensatoria, se estableció la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles porcada rama principal removida, utilizando especies nativas y adecuadas al entorno urbano, lo que permitirá un incremento progresivo de la cobertura vegetal. 2. Área verde Previo a la intervención, el parque contaba con aproximadamente 3.463 metros cuadrados de área verde, cuya geometría irregular limitaba su uso eficiente y su adecuado mantenimiento. El nuevo diseño contempla 2.650 metros cuadrados de áreas verdes funcionales, eso sí, con mejor distribución, accesibilidad universal, continuidad paisajística y mayor aprovechamiento social. La reorganización responde a criterios técnicos de optimización del espacio público, priorizando la funcionalidad y el uso efectivo por parte de la comunidad. 3. Presencia de nidos. A la fecha, las inspecciones técnicas realizadas por el personal municipal no han identificado nidos de aves en el suelo dentro del área intervenida. 4. Supuesto envenenamiento de palomas Esta administración no cuenta con evidencia técnica, documental o testimonial que permita atribuir a la Municipalidad algún evento de envenenamiento de palomas. De existir un acto de naturaleza vandálica, el mismo sería ajeno a la gestión municipal y no puede imputarse sin la existencia de prueba objetiva, apoyado solamente en un dicho, producto de meras presunciones infundadas. 5. Espacios de sombra. Lejos de eliminarse, el proyecto incrementa las condiciones de sombra y resguardo climático, esto mediante infraestructura inclusiva y complementaria, tales como: Parabús inclusivo • Sala de lactancia y servicio familiar. • Servicios sanitarios debidamente equipados. • Cafetería con áreas techadas. • Siembra de más de 20 árboles nativos, lo que a mediano plazo aumentará la sombra natural del parque. Estas acciones mejoran las condiciones de permanencia y confort para los usuarios. 6. Remoción de la fuente La fuente actual será sustituida por una fuente interactiva de 40 chorros a nivel de piso, diseñada como elemento recreativo seguro para la niñez y como punto de hidratación para aves urbanas, manteniéndose así el componente hídrico del parque. 8. Parque Centenario Desde el año 2018, la Municipalidad ha impulsado un proceso sostenido de recuperación integral del Parque Centenario, incorporando infraestructura cultural, recreativa y deportiva que lo ha consolidado como un referente cantonal. Actualmente este parque cuenta con: • Escenario cultural y ferial. • Juegos infantiles. • Sala de lactancia. • Servicios sanitarios accesibles. • Gimnasio al aire libre y de calistenia. • Canchas deportivas múltiples. • Parque para perros. • Mini pista de atletismo. • Biblioteca gratuita y Escuela Municipal de Música. • Caseta de vigilancia con monitoreo por circuito cerrado. El parque Centenario, con más de dos hectáreas, dispone permanentemente de tres oficiales de seguridad y opera en horario de 6:00 a.m. a 8:00 p.m., consolidándose como un Polideportivo Cultural del Área Noreste del Gran Área Metropolitana. Es importante destacar que durante su intervención no se taló ningún árbol; por el contrario, se han sembrado más de 40 árboles y especies polinizadoras. Asimismo, se mantiene coordinación con la Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz para la revisión estructural y reforestación de especies nativas en zonas públicas del cantón. Y se cuenta con un convenio vigente con El Parque La Libertad del cantón de Desamparados y el proyecto Transición Hacia una Economía Verde Urbana (TEVU) en el cual se nos brindan 700 árboles y 1200 plantas polinizadoras nativas para ser utilizadas en procesos de reforestación y restauración ecológica en espacios públicos del cantón.”.

5.- Por escrito incorporado al expediente el 19 de febrero de 2026, Gloriana Carmona Seravalli, presidenta del Concejo Municipal de Goicoechea, rinde informe. Acota que las situaciones acusadas son competencia de la Alcaldía Municipal.

6.- En los procedimientos seguidos se han observado las prescripciones legales.

Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,

Considerando:

I.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. La recurrente manifiesta que en 2024 la municipalidad accionada promovió un proyecto de reconstrucción del parque Santiago Jara. Alega que las obras contemplan la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes; empero, no se previó un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. Asimismo, comenta que se eliminan espacios de sombra indispensables tanto para las personas como para los animales; además, no se consideró la reubicación de nidos, ni la preservación de corredores verdes que permitan el desplazamiento y la subsistencia de especies como aves y ardillas. Agrega que incluso se removerá una fuente de agua, de modo que los animales no tendrán un sitio para beber el líquido. Expone que tales conductas son reiteradas por parte de la municipalidad accionada, pues como antecedente, en 2013 ocurrió algo similar con otro parque del cantón.

II.-HECHOS PROBADOS. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:

a)La municipalidad accionada se encuentra en ejecución de obras concernientes al proyecto de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. (Prueba documental).
b)La municipalidad accionada realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, la cual determinó que 2 árboles (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y potencial riesgo de caída, por lo que se autorizó su remoción. Además, como medida compensatoria, se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. (Informe de la autoridad recurrida).
c)El diseño de parque comprende 2.650 metros cuadrados de áreas verdes y se ampliarán los espacios de sombra a través de distintas estructuras. Asimismo, se sembrarán más de 20 árboles nativos, que aumentarán la sombra natural del parque. (Informe de la autoridad recurrida).
d)La fuente principal de agua del parque será sustituida por otra de 40 chorros, por lo que se mantendrá el componente hídrico del parque. (Informe de la autoridad recurrida).
e)En las inspecciones realizadas, la municipalidad accionada no ha detectado presencia de nidos de aves, ni tampoco envenenamiento de animales. (Informe de la autoridad recurrida).

III.- SOBRE EL CASO EN CONCRETO. En el sub lite, la recurrente manifiesta que en 2024 la municipalidad accionada promovió un proyecto de reconstrucción del parque Santiago Jara. Alega que las obras contemplan la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes; empero, no se previó un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. Asimismo, comenta que se eliminan espacios de sombra indispensables tanto para las personas como para los animales; además, no se consideró la reubicación de nidos, ni la preservación de corredores verdes que permitan el desplazamiento y la subsistencia de especies como aves y ardillas. Agrega que incluso se removerá una fuente de agua, de modo que los animales no tendrán un sitio para beber el líquido. Expone que tales conductas son reiteradas por parte de la municipalidad accionada, pues como antecedente, en 2013 ocurrió algo similar con otro parque del cantón.

Del estudio de los autos se tiene por demostrado, que la municipalidad accionada se encuentra en ejecución de obras concernientes al proyecto de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. La municipalidad accionada realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, la cual determinó que 2 árboles (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y potencial riesgo de caída, por lo que se autorizó su remoción. Además, como medida compensatoria, se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. El diseño de parque comprende 2.650 metros cuadrados de áreas verdes y se ampliarán los espacios de sombra a través de distintas estructuras. Asimismo, se sembrarán más de 20 árboles nativos, que aumentarán la sombra natural del parque. La fuente principal de agua del parque será sustituida por otra de 40 chorros, por lo que se mantendrá el componente hídrico del parque. En las inspecciones realizadas, la municipalidad accionada no ha detectado presencia de nidos de aves, ni tampoco envenenamiento de animales.

Sobre el particular, interesa advertir que, en la sentencia nro. 2026010907 de las 9:20 horas de 27 de marzo de 2026, esta Sala resolvió un recurso de amparo también planteado por las obras de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara, en los siguientes términos:

“I.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. La recurrente reclama que la municipalidad recurrida inició la remodelación del Parque Santiago Jara sin poner a disposición pública los planos del proyecto, lo que considera contrario a los principios de probidad, transparencia y libre acceso a la información. Además, señala que la municipalidad recurrida no ha brindado claridad sobre el destino del quiosco, la fuente ni las áreas verdes existentes, elementos que forman parte del patrimonio histórico arquitectónico y del ecosistema del parque. Sobre este punto, comenta que el 28 de enero de 2026 se remitió la solicitud de declaratoria de patrimonio correspondiente, a la cual se le dio acuse de recibido al día siguiente (véase prueba aportada). Indica que la propuesta observada - en una especie de imagen colocada en el parque- elimina árboles, zonas verdes y espacios recreativos sin criterio técnico que lo justifique, incumpliendo normativa ambiental, urbanística y municipal, así como la obligación de realizar los trámites respectivos ante el Ministerio de Cultura conforme a la Ley No. 7555. Añade que sobre el parque pesa desde hace más de diez años una orden sanitaria relacionada con las palomas que no ha sido debidamente atendida y que la remodelación, presentada como solución, no puede ejecutarse en detrimento del patrimonio ni del uso recreativo legalmente establecido. Concluye solicitando que la Municipalidad de Goicoechea respete el debido proceso, preserve el quiosco, la fuente, las áreas verdes y los árboles, incorpore juegos infantiles y espacios de esparcimiento propios de un parque recreativo, y rediseñe el proyecto conforme a la normativa vigente para garantizar la protección del patrimonio y el derecho constitucional a un ambiente sano (…)

IV.- SOBRE EL FONDO. Del informe rendido bajo juramento por la autoridad recurrida, con las consecuencias incluso penales que prevé el numeral 44 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se descarta una infracción a los derechos fundamentales de la parte recurrente, con fundamento en las consideraciones que a continuación se exponen. Al respecto, el Alcalde de la Municipalidad recurrida informó bajo juramento que las obras de remodelación del Parque Santiago Jara en Guadalupe no contemplan la demolición ni afectación del kiosco existente. Además, el kiosco al igual que cualquier otra estructura presente en el parque, no han sido declarado Patrimonio Histórico-Arquitectónico por el Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud. En virtud de lo anterior, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado. Por otra parte, la autoridad recurrida informó que el nuevo diseño del parque en cuestión contempla 2.650 m2 de áreas verdes funcionales, las cuales serán reorganizadas con el objetivo de mejorar: la distribución del espacio público, la accesibilidad universal, la continuidad paisajística y el aprovechamiento social del parque Esta reorganización responde a criterios técnicos de planificación urbana, priorizando la funcionalidad del espacio público y su uso efectivo por parte de la comunidad. 4. Ecosistema y manejo del arbolado. Una vez finalizadas las obras de remodelación, los ecosistemas presentes en el parque podrán continuar coexistiendo con la infraestructura proyectada, en virtud de que el diseño contempla la conservación de áreas verdes y la resiembra de especies arbóreas. El proyecto contempla, entre otros elementos: Parada inclusiva bajo techo para transporte público, Cafetería con servicios sanitarios accesibles conforme a la Ley No. 7600, Cuarto para cambio de bebés y sala de lactancia, Juegos infantiles, Fuente interactiva de 40 chorros, Zonas verdes, Rótulo urbano con el nombre del cantón, Biblioteca gratuita, Hotel para abejas (refugio de polinizadores), Botón de auxilio para emergencias, Parqueo para bicicletas, Juegos de piso tipo rayuela y Sistema de videovigilancia, Caseta de vigilancia con monitoreo por circuito cerrado, Accesibilidad universal en las cuatro esquinas del parque. Como parte del análisis técnico realizado por el Departamento de Parques y Zonas Verdes, se determinó que dos árboles existentes (un ejemplar de llama de bosque y otro de fresno mexicano) presentan deterioro estructural y fitosanitario, evidenciado en: afectación del sistema radicular, presencia de ramas secas debilitamiento estructural y riesgo potencial de caída. Estas condiciones representan un riesgo para la seguridad de los usuarios del parque. En aplicación del principio de prevención y tutela de la vida humana, se autorizó su remoción controlada. Como medida compensatoria, se estableció la reposición de cinco árboles nuevos por cada rama principal removida, utilizando especies nativas y adecuadas al entorno urbano, lo que permitirá incrementar progresivamente la cobertura vegetal del parque. Así las cosas, en el presente caso se descarta la vulnera alguna a lo dispuesto en el artículo 50 constitucional. Nótese además, que la recurrente no ha presentado ninguna gestión formal ante la autoridad recurrida denunciado alguna de las cuestiones alegadas en el presente recurso. Por último, si la recurrente considera que la autoridad recurrida no ha acatado una orden sanitaria emitida por el problema con las palomas que no ha sido debidamente atendida deberá alegarlo ante las autoridades competentes. En mérito de lo expuesto, el presente recurso debe ser declarado sin lugar, como en efecto se ordena.”.

Así las cosas, véase que, en el precedente de cita, la Sala descartó algún quebranto al ordinal 50 de la Constitución Política por los alegatos que se plantean de manera análoga en el sub iudice. En tal sentido, cabe enfatizar que el proyecto comprende un área de 2.650 metros cuadrados de zonas verdes, que se ampliarán los espacios de sombra, incluso a través de la siembra de más de 20 árboles nativos. Además, no se eliminará la fuente de agua, sino que será sustituida por una de 40 chorros, justamente para mantener el componente hídrico. Por otro lado, sí se realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, y respecto de la necesidad de remoción de árboles, se determinó que específicamente 2 (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y riesgo de caída; empero, como medida compensatoria se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. En adición, en las inspecciones efectuadas la municipalidad no ha registrado ninguna situación de envenenamiento de animales, ni tampoco nidos de aves que ameriten algún tipo de intervención.

En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales. Ahora, no está de más advertir que, si la accionante se encuentra inconforme con las obras y evaluaciones realizadas por la autoridad accionada, podrá plantear los alegatos que correspondan ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales ordinarias competentes, sedes en las que, de manera amplia, podrá discutir el fondo del asunto.

Ergo, se declara sin lugar el recurso.

IV.- DOCUMENTACIÓN APORTADA AL EXPEDIENTE. Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel u objetos o pruebas contenidos en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte que será destruido todo material que no sea recogido dentro de ese lapso, con base en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (aprobado por la Corte Plena en el artículo XXVI de la sesión nro. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011 y publicado en el Boletín Judicial nro. 19 del 26 de enero de 2012) y en el artículo LXXXI de la sesión del Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial nro. 43-12 de 3 de mayo de 2012.

Por tanto:

Se declara sin lugar el recurso.

Fernando Castillo V.

Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

Luis Fdo. Salazar A.

Jorge Araya G.

Anamari Garro V.

Ingrid Hess H.

Documento Firmado Digitalmente -- Código verificador -- 

Urban park remodeling and Article 50 of the ConstitutionRemodelación de parque urbano y artículo 50 constitucional

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