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Res. 13329-2026 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 21/04/2026
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber denies the amparo, finding no violation of the right to a healthy environment, as the park remodeling project includes a phytosanitary assessment, compensatory planting, and preservation of green areas and the water feature.La Sala declara sin lugar el recurso de amparo al descartar una lesión al derecho a un ambiente sano, dado que el proyecto de remodelación del parque incluye evaluación fitosanitaria, medidas compensatorias, y conservación de áreas verdes y componente hídrico.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber denies an amparo action against the Municipality of Goicoechea regarding the remodeling of Santiago Jara Park. The plaintiff argued that the project involved significant tree felling, reduction of green areas, elimination of shade, lack of nest relocation, and removal of a water source without an environmental mitigation plan. The Chamber held that the municipality carried out a comprehensive phytosanitary assessment determining the need to remove only two trees due to risk of collapse, with compensation of five new trees per main branch. The new design retains 2,650 m² of functional green areas, increases shade with over 20 native trees, and replaces the fountain with a 40-jet interactive one, preserving the water component. No nests or poisonings were detected. Based on an almost identical precedent (ruling 2026010907), the Chamber finds prima facie no violation of the right to a healthy environment, directing any disagreement to ordinary administrative or judicial channels.La Sala Constitucional declara sin lugar un recurso de amparo contra la Municipalidad de Goicoechea por las obras de remodelación del Parque Santiago Jara. La recurrente alegaba que el proyecto implicaba una tala significativa de árboles, reducción de zonas verdes, eliminación de espacios de sombra, falta de reubicación de nidos, y remoción de una fuente de agua, sin un plan de mitigación ambiental que afectara la flora y la fauna. La Sala consideró que la municipalidad realizó una evaluación fitosanitaria integral que determinó la necesidad de remover solo dos árboles por riesgo de caída, con compensación de cinco nuevos por cada rama principal. El nuevo diseño mantiene 2,650 m² de áreas verdes, amplía la sombra con más de 20 árboles nativos, y sustituye la fuente por una interactiva de 40 chorros, conservando el componente hídrico. No se detectaron nidos ni envenenamientos. Con base en un precedente casi idéntico (voto 2026010907), se descarta prima facie una lesión al derecho a un ambiente sano, remitiendo cualquier inconformidad a las vías administrativas u ordinarias.
Key excerptExtracto clave
In the case at hand, the plaintiff states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Santiago Jara Park. She alleges that the works include significant tree felling, extreme reduction of green areas, and elimination of existing structures; however, no containment, mitigation, or compensation plan for the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was foreseen. (...) From the study of the proceedings, it is proven that the respondent municipality is executing works concerning the remodeling project of Santiago Jara Park in Goicoechea. The respondent municipality carried out a 'comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the trees' in the park, which determined that 2 trees ('llama de bosque' and 'Mexican ash') have structural deterioration and a potential risk of falling, so their removal was authorized. Furthermore, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design includes 2,650 square meters of green areas and shade spaces will be expanded through various structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the natural shade of the park. (...) Given the above, and in accordance with the precedent cited above, it is ruled out prima facie that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission that violates fundamental rights.En el sub lite, la recurrente manifiesta que en 2024 la municipalidad accionada promovió un proyecto de reconstrucción del parque Santiago Jara. Alega que las obras contemplan la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes; empero, no se previó un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. (...) Del estudio de los autos se tiene por demostrado, que la municipalidad accionada se encuentra en ejecución de obras concernientes al proyecto de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. La municipalidad accionada realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, la cual determinó que 2 árboles (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y potencial riesgo de caída, por lo que se autorizó su remoción. Además, como medida compensatoria, se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. El diseño de parque comprende 2.650 metros cuadrados de áreas verdes y se ampliarán los espacios de sombra a través de distintas estructuras. Asimismo, se sembrarán más de 20 árboles nativos, que aumentarán la sombra natural del parque. (...) En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales."
"prima facie it is ruled out that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission that violates fundamental rights."
Considerando III
"prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales."
Considerando III
"En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, (...) no está de más advertir que, si la accionante se encuentra inconforme con las obras y evaluaciones realizadas por la autoridad accionada, podrá plantear los alegatos que correspondan ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales ordinarias competentes."
"In light of the above, and in accordance with the precedent cited above, (...) it is worth noting that, if the plaintiff is dissatisfied with the works and evaluations carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional instances."
Considerando III
"En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, (...) no está de más advertir que, si la accionante se encuentra inconforme con las obras y evaluaciones realizadas por la autoridad accionada, podrá plantear los alegatos que correspondan ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales ordinarias competentes."
Considerando III
Full documentDocumento completo
Therefore:
Recurso de amparo (amparo action) filed in case file no. 26-003313-0007-CO, brought by Nombre01, identity card CED01, against the MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOICOECHEA.
Considering:
Drafted by Judge Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
The petitioner states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green areas, and the elimination of existing structures; however, a plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was not provided. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shaded areas for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will have no place to drink the liquid. She explains that such conduct is repeated on the part of the respondent municipality, since as a precedent, in 2013 something similar happened with another park in the canton.
Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been so accredited or because the respondent authority has omitted referring to them, according to what is provided in the initial order:
In the sub lite, the petitioner states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green areas, and the elimination of existing structures; however, a plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was not provided. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shaded areas for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will have no place to drink the liquid. She explains that such conduct is repeated on the part of the respondent municipality, since as a precedent, in 2013 something similar happened with another park in the canton.
From the study of the case file, it has been proven that the respondent municipality is in the process of executing works concerning the remodeling project of Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea. The respondent municipality conducted an "integral phytosanitary evaluation of the trees" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which their removal was authorized. In addition, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shaded areas will be expanded through different structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the park's natural shade. The park's main water fountain will be replaced by another with 40 jets, so the park's water component will be maintained. In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning.
On this matter, it is important to note that, in judgment no. 2026010907 at 9:20 a.m. on March 27, 2026, this Chamber resolved an amparo action also filed due to the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara, in the following terms:
"I.- PURPOSE OF THE ACTION. The petitioner complains that the respondent municipality began the remodeling of Parque Santiago Jara without making the project plans available to the public, which she considers contrary to the principles of probity, transparency, and free access to information. Furthermore, she points out that the respondent municipality has not provided clarity on the fate of the kiosk, the fountain, or the existing green areas, elements that form part of the architectural historical heritage and the park's ecosystem. On this point, she comments that on January 28, 2026, the corresponding heritage declaration request was submitted, which was acknowledged as received the following day (see evidence provided). She indicates that the observed proposal – in a kind of image placed in the park – eliminates trees, green areas, and recreational spaces without technical criteria to justify it, breaching environmental, urban planning, and municipal regulations, as well as the obligation to carry out the respective procedures before the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Law No. 7555.
She adds that for more than ten years, a health order related to the pigeons has weighed upon the park, which has not been duly addressed, and that the remodeling, presented as a solution, cannot be executed to the detriment of the heritage nor of the legally established recreational use. She concludes requesting that the Municipalidad de Goicoechea respect due process, preserve the kiosk, the fountain, the green areas, and the trees, incorporate children's games and leisure spaces typical of a recreational park, and redesign the project in accordance with current regulations to guarantee the protection of heritage and the constitutional right to a healthy environment (…)
From the report rendered under oath by the respondent authority, with the even criminal consequences provided for in numeral 44 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, an infringement of the fundamental rights of the petitioner is ruled out, based on the considerations set forth below. In this regard, the Mayor of the respondent Municipality reported under oath that the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara in Guadalupe do not contemplate the demolition or affecting of the existing kiosk. Furthermore, the kiosk, like any other structure present in the park, has not been declared Historical-Architectural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Youth. By virtue of the foregoing, as to this aspect, the action must be dismissed. On the other hand, the respondent authority reported that the new design of the park in question contemplates 2,650 m2 of functional green areas, which will be reorganized with the aim of improving: the distribution of the public space, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and the social use of the park.
This reorganization responds to technical criteria of urban planning, prioritizing the functionality of the public space and its effective use by the community. 4. Ecosystem and tree management. Once the remodeling works are completed, the ecosystems present in the park may continue to coexist with the projected infrastructure, by virtue of the fact that the design contemplates the conservation of green areas and the replanting of tree species. The project contemplates, among other elements: Inclusive roofed stop for public transport, Cafeteria with accessible sanitary services in accordance with Law No. 7600, Room for baby changing and breastfeeding room, Children's games, Interactive fountain with 40 jets, Green areas, Urban sign with the name of the canton, Free library, Bee hotel (pollinator refuge), Emergency assistance button, Bicycle parking, Hopscotch-type floor games, and Video surveillance system, Surveillance booth with closed-circuit monitoring, Universal accessibility at the four corners of the park.
As part of the technical analysis carried out by the Department of Parks and Green Areas, it was determined that two existing trees (one specimen of 'llama de bosque' and another of 'fresno mexicano') present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, evidenced in: damage to the root system, presence of dry branches, structural weakening, and potential risk of falling. These conditions represent a risk to the safety of park users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their controlled removal was authorized. As a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow a progressive increase in the park's vegetation cover. Thus, in the present case, any violation of what is provided in Article 50 of the Constitution is ruled out. Note also that the petitioner has not filed any formal action before the respondent authority denouncing any of the issues alleged in this appeal.
Finally, if the petitioner considers that the respondent authority has not complied with a health order issued due to the pigeon problem that has not been duly addressed, she must allege this before the competent authorities. In light of the foregoing, this appeal must be dismissed, as is hereby ordered.".
Thus, it can be seen that, in the cited precedent, the Chamber ruled out any breach of Article 50 of the Political Constitution for the allegations that are raised analogously in the sub iudice. In this sense, it is worth emphasizing that the project comprises an area of 2,650 square meters of green areas, that the shaded areas will be expanded, including through the planting of more than 20 native trees. Furthermore, the water fountain will not be eliminated, but will be replaced by one with 40 jets, precisely to maintain the water component. On the other hand, an "integral phytosanitary evaluation of the trees" of the park was indeed carried out, and regarding the need for tree removal, it was determined that specifically 2 ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and risk of falling; however, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. Additionally, in the inspections carried out, the municipality has not recorded any situation of animal poisoning, nor bird nests that warrant any type of intervention.
By virtue of the foregoing, and in accordance with the precedent cited ut supra, prima facie it is ruled out that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission harmful to fundamental rights. Now, it is not superfluous to warn that, if the petitioner disagrees with the works and evaluations carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding allegations before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional instances, venues where, in a comprehensive manner, she may discuss the merits of the matter.
Ergo, the action is dismissed.
The parties are warned that, if they have provided any paper document or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (approved by the Corte Plena in Article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in the Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and in Article LXXXI of the session of the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial no. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.
Therefore:
The action is dismissed.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
*MWG7EVMUVSO61* Telephones: Telf01/ ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección01, Dirección02, 100 mts. Sur de la iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro).
By virtue of the foregoing, she considers that her fundamental rights and those of the other inhabitants of the area have been harmed, and therefore, she requests that this appeal be granted and: </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">"(…) that the Municipality of Goicochea, the mayor's office and the municipal council be ordered to stop the project because an EXTERNAL study by a professional in the field of parks, biological corridors (corredores biológicos), forest and environmental management is necessary, that a working group be convened and that the animal welfare committee of the Municipality of Goicochea participate (which the mayor's office makes invisible) and other related entities that oversee and can work on containment, mitigation, and measures against the environmental impact on flora and fauna and include them in the project.
That the space of the animals be respected, like the trees they inhabit and green spaces. That they guarantee a space for the animals to drink water, that the water not be stagnant, at least, guarantee a constant flow during the day or that there be a schedule where they open the taps so they can drink water. That MINAE provide training on environmental issues to the municipal council and mayor's office, perhaps with informed knowledge they will begin to formulate projects in an integral manner, thinking about the repercussions that bad decisions entail. That the Municipality of Goicochea provide a report on what happened in Parque Centenario and pay for the environmental damage caused, in addition to the full restoration of the site such as reforestation, space for the animals to drink water, and precautionary and defensive measures for the Flora and Fauna of the place (…)".</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">2.-</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">By resolution at 13:41 hours on February 5, 2026, the Presidency of the Chamber admitted the process and requested a report from the mayor, the president of the Council, and the director of Environmental Management (Gestión Ambiental), all of the Municipality of Goicoechea. </span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">3.-</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> By a brief added to the file on February 9, 2026, the appellant notes that, as background, in 2013 in another park (parque de Guadalupe), there was a poisoning of pigeons; furthermore, in Parque Centenario there was a pruning of trees, a fact that was investigated in criminal file no. 25-000015-0611-PE; however, the criminal court did not find evidence against the respondent municipality.
Nevertheless, she argues that these cases constitute background of municipal actions and omissions.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">4.- </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">By a brief added to the file on February 12, 2026, Fernando Chavarría Quirós and Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, in their respective order, mayor and director of Environmental Management (Gestión Ambiental), both of the Municipality of Goicoechea, report: “</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">based on official letter MG-AG-DI-0405-2026, dated February 10, 2026, signed by Eng.
Mario Iván Rojas Sánchez, Director of Engineering and Operations, Eng. Gustavo Herrera Ledezma, Director of Environmental Management (Gestión Ambiental), and Eng. Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks and Green Zones, all of the Municipality of Goicoechea, by virtue of the nature of their position and the alleged facts, we come to render the report requested by this</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">honorable Constitutional Chamber in relation to the facts alleged by appellant Nombre01, which in summary, intends to attribute to this Municipality an alleged environmental impact, derived from the remodeling works carried out in Parque Santiago Jara (Parque Central de Guadalupe), for this we set out the corresponding technical, environmental and administrative considerations:</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">1.
Felling of trees The intervention works have the technical advice of Forest Engineer Ezequiel Fallas Montero, Head of the Department of Parks, who carried out an integral phytosanitary assessment of the existing tree population. As a result of the technical analysis, it was determined that two trees, one llama de bosque and another mexican ash (fresno mexicano), present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, including root system damage, dry branches and potential risk of falling, which constitutes a threat to the safety of users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their removal was authorized and as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow a progressive increase in vegetation cover.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">2.
Green area Prior to the intervention, the park had approximately 3,463 square meters of green area, whose irregular geometry limited its efficient use and adequate maintenance.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">The new design contemplates 2,650 square meters of functional green areas, with better distribution, universal accessibility, landscape continuity and greater social use. The reorganization responds to technical criteria for the optimization of public space, prioritizing functionality and effective use by the community.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">3.
Presence of nests.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">To date, the technical inspections carried out by municipal personnel have not identified bird nests on the ground within the intervened area.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">4. Alleged poisoning of pigeons This administration does not have technical, documentary, or testimonial evidence that allows attributing any event of pigeon poisoning to the Municipality. If there were an act of a vandalistic nature, it would be unrelated to municipal management and cannot be imputed without the existence of objective proof, supported only by hearsay, a product of mere unfounded presumptions.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">5.
Shade spaces. Far from being eliminated, the project increases conditions of shade and climatic shelter, through inclusive and complementary infrastructure, such as: Inclusive bus shelter • Lactation room and family service. • Properly equipped sanitary services. • Cafeteria with roofed areas.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">• Planting of more than 20 native trees, which in the medium term will increase the natural shade of the park. These actions improve the conditions of permanence and comfort for users.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">6.
Removal of the fountain The current fountain will be replaced by an interactive fountain with 40 jets at floor level, designed as a safe recreational element for children and as a hydration point for urban birds, thus maintaining the water component of the park.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">8. Parque Centenario Since 2018, the Municipality has promoted a sustained process of integral recovery of Parque Centenario, incorporating cultural, recreational, and sports infrastructure that has consolidated it as a cantonal landmark.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">This park currently has:</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">• Cultural and fairground stage. • Children's games. • Lactation room. • Accessible sanitary services. • Outdoor gym and calisthenics gym. • Multi-sport courts. • Dog park. • Mini athletics track. • Free library and Municipal School of Music. • Surveillance booth with closed-circuit monitoring.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">Parque Centenario, with more than two hectares, permanently has three security officers and operates from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., consolidating itself as a Cultural Sports Complex of the Northeast Area of the Greater Metropolitan Area.
It is important to highlight that during its intervention, no tree was felled; on the contrary, more than 40 trees and pollinator species have been planted. Likewise, coordination is maintained with the Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz for the structural review and reforestation of native species in public areas of the canton. And there is a current agreement with Parque La Libertad of the canton of Desamparados and the project Transition Towards an Urban Green Economy (Transición Hacia una Economía Verde Urbana, TEVU) in which we are provided with 700 trees and 1200 native pollinator plants to be used in reforestation and ecological restoration processes in public spaces of the canton.".</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:5pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">5.- </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">By a brief added to the file on February 19, 2026, Gloriana Carmona Seravalli, president of the Municipal Council of Goicoechea, renders a report.
She notes that the accused situations are the competence of the Municipal Mayor's Office.</span></p><p style="margin-top:5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">6.-</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> In the proceedings followed, the legal requirements have been observed.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:justify; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="width:36pt; display:inline-block"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Drafted by Magistrate </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Rueda Leal</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">; and,</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Considering:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:justify; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub; -aw-import:ignore"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara.
She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green zones and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation for the environmental impact on the flora and fauna of the place was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces are being eliminated for both people and animals; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors (corredores verdes) that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such conducts are repeated by the respondent municipality, since as background, in 2013 something similar occurred with another park in the canton. </span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:10pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">II.- PROVEN FACTS.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been accredited or because the respondent authority has omitted to refer to them, as provided in the initial order:</span></p><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'1'; -aw-list-padding-sml:7.12pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">a)</span><span style="width:7.12pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block; -aw-import:spaces">     </span></span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The respondent municipality is in the process of executing works related to the remodeling project for Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea.
(Documentary evidence).</span></p></div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'2'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">b)</span><span style="width:6.34pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block; -aw-import:spaces">    </span></span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The respondent municipality carried out an "integral phytosanitary assessment of the tree population" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and mexican ash (fresno mexicano)") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which reason their removal was authorized.
Furthermore, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. (Report of the respondent authority).</span></p></div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'3'; -aw-list-padding-sml:7.12pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">c)</span><span style="width:7.12pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block; -aw-import:spaces">     </span></span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shade spaces will be expanded through different structures.
Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the natural shade of the park. (Report of the respondent authority).</span></p></div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'4'; -aw-list-padding-sml:6.34pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">d)</span><span style="width:6.34pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block; -aw-import:spaces">    </span></span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The main water fountain of the park will be replaced by another one with 40 jets, therefore the water component of the park will be maintained.
(Report of the respondent authority).</span></p></div><div style="margin-left:35.4pt; background-color:#ffffff"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-left:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:-18pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; -aw-import:list-item; -aw-list-level-number:0; -aw-list-number-format:'%0)'; -aw-list-number-styles:'lowerLetter'; -aw-list-number-values:'5'; -aw-list-padding-sml:7.12pt"><span style="-aw-import:ignore"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">e)</span><span style="width:7.12pt; font:7pt 'Times New Roman'; display:inline-block; -aw-import:spaces">     </span></span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning.
(Report of the respondent authority).</span></p></div><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">III.- ON THE SPECIFIC CASE. </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">In the </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">sub lite</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">, the appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for Parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate the significant felling of trees, the extreme reduction of green zones and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation for the environmental impact on the flora and fauna of the place was foreseen.
Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces are being eliminated for both people and animals; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor the preservation of green corridors (corredores verdes) that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so the animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such conducts are repeated by the respondent municipality, since as background, in 2013 something similar occurred with another park in the canton.</span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">From the study of the case file, it has been proven that the respondent municipality is in the process of executing works related to the remodeling project for Parque Santiago Jara in Goicoechea.
The respondent municipality carried out an "integral phytosanitary assessment of the tree population" of the park, which determined that 2 trees ("llama de bosque and mexican ash (fresno mexicano)") present structural deterioration and potential risk of falling, for which reason their removal was authorized. Furthermore, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas and the shade spaces will be expanded through different structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the natural shade of the park. The main water fountain of the park will be replaced by another one with 40 jets, therefore the water component of the park will be maintained. In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning. </span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">On this point, it is pertinent to note that, in judgment no. 2026010907 at 9:20 hours on March 27, 2026, this Chamber resolved an amparo appeal also filed regarding the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara, in the following terms:</span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-left:70.8pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">"I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL.
The appellant claims that the respondent municipality began the remodeling of Parque Santiago Jara without making the project plans publicly available, which she considers contrary to the principles of probity, transparency and free access to information. Additionally, she points out that the respondent municipality has not provided clarity on the fate of the kiosk, the fountain, or the existing green areas, elements that form part of the historical-architectural heritage and the ecosystem of the park. On this point, she comments that on January 28, 2026, the corresponding heritage declaration request was submitted, which was acknowledged as received the following day (see evidence provided). She indicates that the observed proposal - in a kind of image placed in the park- eliminates trees, green zones and recreational spaces without technical criteria to justify it, breaching environmental, urban planning and municipal regulations, as well as the obligation to carry out the respective procedures before the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Law No. 7555.
She adds that a sanitary order related to pigeons has been pending over the park for more than ten years and has not been duly addressed, and that the remodeling, presented as a solution, cannot be carried out to the detriment of heritage or the legally established recreational use. She concludes by requesting that the Municipality of Goicoechea respect due process, preserve the kiosk, the fountain, the green areas and the trees, incorporate children's games and leisure spaces typical of a recreational park, and redesign the project in accordance with current regulations to guarantee the protection of heritage and the constitutional right to a healthy environment (…)</span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-left:70.8pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">IV.- ON THE MERITS.
From the report rendered under oath by the respondent authority, with the consequences, even criminal, provided for in article 44 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, an infringement of the fundamental rights of the appellant is ruled out, based on the considerations set out below. In this regard, the Mayor of the respondent Municipality reported under oath that the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara in Guadalupe do not contemplate the demolition or affecting of the existing kiosk. Furthermore, the kiosk, like any other structure present in the park, has not been declared Historical-Architectural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Youth. By virtue of the foregoing, regarding that point the appeal must be dismissed.
On the other hand, the respondent authority reported that the new design of the park in question includes 2,650 m² of functional green areas, which will be reorganized with the aim of improving: the distribution of public space, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and the social enjoyment of the park. This reorganization responds to technical urban planning criteria, prioritizing the functionality of the public space and its effective use by the community. 4. Ecosystem and tree management. Once the remodeling works are completed, the ecosystems present in the park will be able to continue coexisting with the planned infrastructure, by virtue of the fact that the design includes the conservation of green areas and the replanting of tree species. The project includes, among other elements: Covered inclusive bus stop for public transportation, Cafeteria with accessible sanitary facilities in accordance with Law No. 7600, Baby-changing room and lactation room, Children's playground, Interactive fountain with 40 jets, Green zones, Urban sign with the name of the canton, Free library, Bee hotel (pollinator refuge), Emergency call button, Bicycle parking, Hopscotch-style floor games and Video surveillance system, Guard booth with closed-circuit monitoring, Universal accessibility at all four corners of the park.
As part of the technical analysis conducted by the Department of Parks and Green Zones, it was determined that two existing trees (one specimen of llama del bosque and another of Mexican ash) exhibit structural and phytosanitary deterioration, evidenced by: root system damage, presence of dead branches, structural weakening, and potential risk of falling. These conditions represent a risk to the safety of park users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their controlled removal was authorized. As a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species appropriate for the urban environment, which will allow for a progressive increase in the park's vegetation cover. That being the case, in the present matter, any violation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitution is hereby dismissed.
Note also that the appellant has not filed any formal petition before the respondent authority denouncing any of the issues alleged in this appeal. Finally, if the appellant considers that the respondent authority has not complied with a sanitary order issued concerning the pigeon problem that has not been duly addressed, she must allege this before the competent authorities. In view of the foregoing, this appeal must be declared without merit, as is hereby ordered.” That being the case, it is observed that, in the cited precedent, the Chamber dismissed any violation of Article 50 of the Political Constitution based on the allegations raised analogously in the sub iudice. In this regard, it is important to emphasize that the project comprises an area of 2,650 square meters of green zones, that shaded spaces will be expanded, including through the planting of more than 20 native trees. Moreover, the water source will not be eliminated but rather replaced by one with 40 jets, precisely to maintain the water component.
On the other hand, a “comprehensive phytosanitary assessment of the trees” in the park was conducted, and regarding the need for tree removal, it was determined that specifically 2 (“llama del bosque and Mexican ash”) exhibit structural deterioration and risk of falling; however, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. Additionally, during the inspections carried out, the municipality has not recorded any situation of animal poisoning, nor any bird nests requiring any type of intervention.
By virtue of the foregoing, and in accordance with the cited precedent ut supra, prima facie any action or omission infringing on fundamental rights on the part of the respondent municipality is dismissed. Now, it is worth noting that, if the claimant disagrees with the works and assessments carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional bodies, venues where she will be able to fully discuss the merits of the matter.
Ergo, the appeal is declared without merit.
The parties are warned that, should they have submitted any document in paper form or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be collected within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Regulations on the Electronic Case File before the Judicial Branch" (approved by the Full Court in Article XXVI of session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in the Judicial Bulletin No. 19 of January 26, 2012) and on Article LXXXI of the session of the Superior Council of the Judicial Branch No. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.
Por tanto:
The appeal is declared without merit.
Fernando Castillo V.
President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
The image appears at the top with dimensions and styling preserved as in the original. The text of the document reads:
[image: width="162" height="74" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline"] Luis Fdo.
CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours twenty minutes on the twenty-first of April, two thousand twenty-six.
A recurso de amparo (acción de amparo) processed in expediente No. 26-003313-0007-CO, filed by Nombre01, identity card CED01, against the MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOICOECHEA.
Resultando (Whereas):
Drafted by Magistrate Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
The appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate significant tree felling, extreme reduction of green zones, and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor was the preservation of green corridors (corredores verdes) that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such behaviors are repeated by the respondent municipality, as by way of precedent, something similar occurred in 2013 with another park in the canton.
Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven, either because they have been accredited or because the respondent authority has omitted to refer to them, as provided for in the initial order:
In the sub lite, the appellant states that in 2024 the respondent municipality promoted a reconstruction project for parque Santiago Jara. She alleges that the works contemplate significant tree felling, extreme reduction of green zones, and the elimination of existing structures; however, no plan for containment, mitigation, or compensation of the environmental impact on the local flora and fauna was foreseen. Likewise, she comments that indispensable shade spaces for both people and animals are being eliminated; furthermore, the relocation of nests was not considered, nor was the preservation of green corridors that allow the movement and subsistence of species such as birds and squirrels. She adds that a water fountain will even be removed, so animals will not have a place to drink the liquid. She states that such behaviors are repeated by the respondent municipality, as by way of precedent, something similar occurred in 2013 with another park in the canton.
From the study of the case file, it has been proven that the respondent municipality is in the process of executing works concerning the remodeling project of parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. The respondent municipality carried out a “comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the trees” in the park, which determined that 2 trees (“llama de bosque and fresno mexicano”) present structural deterioration and a potential risk of falling, therefore their removal was authorized. Additionally, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. The park design comprises 2,650 square meters of green areas, and the shade spaces will be expanded through various structures. Likewise, more than 20 native trees will be planted, which will increase the park's natural shade. The park's main water fountain will be replaced by another with 40 jets, therefore the hydraulic component of the park will be maintained. In the inspections carried out, the respondent municipality has not detected the presence of bird nests, nor animal poisoning.
In this regard, it is pertinent to note that, in judgment no. 2026010907 of 9:20 a.m. on March 27, 2026, this Chamber resolved an amparo appeal also filed concerning the remodeling works of parque Santiago Jara, in the following terms:
“I.- OBJECT OF THE APPEAL. The appellant complains that the respondent municipality began the remodeling of Parque Santiago Jara without making the project plans publicly available, which she deems contrary to the principles of probity, transparency, and free access to information. Furthermore, she points out that the respondent municipality has not provided clarity on the fate of the kiosk, the fountain, or the existing green areas, elements that form part of the historical-architectural heritage and the ecosystem of the park. On this point, she notes that on January 28, 2026, the corresponding request for a heritage declaration was submitted, for which acknowledgment of receipt was given the following day (see evidence provided). She indicates that the proposal observed - in a type of image placed in the park - eliminates trees, green zones, and recreational spaces without technical criteria to justify it, breaching environmental, urban planning, and municipal regulations, as well as the obligation to carry out the respective procedures before the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Law No. 7555.
She adds that for over ten years, a sanitary order related to the pigeons has been pending on the park, which has not been duly addressed, and that the remodeling, presented as a solution, cannot be executed to the detriment of the heritage or the legally established recreational use. She concludes by requesting that the Municipalidad de Goicoechea respect due process, preserve the kiosk, the fountain, the green areas, and the trees, incorporate children's playgrounds and leisure spaces typical of a recreational park, and redesign the project in accordance with current regulations to guarantee the protection of heritage and the constitutional right to a healthy environment (…)
From the report rendered under oath by the respondent authority, with the consequences even criminal ones provided for by numeral 44 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, an infringement of the fundamental rights of the appellant is ruled out, based on the considerations set forth below. In this regard, the Mayor of the respondent Municipality reported under oath that the remodeling works of Parque Santiago Jara in Guadalupe do not contemplate the demolition or impact (afectación) of the existing kiosk. Moreover, the kiosk, as well as any other structure present in the park, has not been declared Historical-Architectural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Youth. By virtue of the foregoing, concerning this specific point, the appeal must be dismissed. On the other hand, the respondent authority reported that the new design of the park in question contemplates 2,650 m2 of functional green areas, which will be reorganized with the objective of improving: the distribution of public space, universal accessibility, landscape continuity, and social utilization of the park.
This reorganization responds to technical criteria of urban planning, prioritizing the functionality of public space and its effective use by the community. 4. Ecosystem and tree management. Once the remodeling works are completed, the ecosystems present in the park may continue to coexist with the projected infrastructure, by virtue of the fact that the design contemplates the conservation of green areas and the replanting of tree species. The project contemplates, among other elements: Inclusive covered bus stop, Cafeteria with accessible sanitary services in accordance with Law No. 7600, Baby changing room and lactation room, Children's playgrounds, Interactive fountain with 40 jets, Green zones, Urban sign with the name of the canton, Free library, Bee hotel (pollinator refuge), Emergency assistance button, Bicycle parking, Hopscotch-type floor games and Video surveillance system, Security booth with closed-circuit monitoring, Universal accessibility at the four corners of the park.
As part of the technical analysis carried out by the Department of Parks and Green Zones, it was determined that two existing trees (one specimen of llama de bosque and another of fresno mexicano) present structural and phytosanitary deterioration, evidenced by: damage to the root system (sistema radicular), presence of dry branches, structural weakening, and potential risk of falling. These conditions represent a risk to the safety of park users. In application of the principle of prevention and protection of human life, their controlled removal was authorized.
As a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was established, using native species suitable for the urban environment, which will allow the progressive increase of the park's vegetation cover. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">Thus, in the present case, any violation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Constitution is ruled out.</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub"> Note also that the appellant has not filed any formal petition before the respondent authority denouncing any of the issues alleged in this appeal. Finally, if the appellant considers that the respondent authority has not complied with a sanitary order issued due to the pigeon problem that has not been duly addressed, she must allege it before the competent authorities.
In merit of the foregoing, this appeal must be dismissed, as is hereby ordered.".</span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Thus, it can be seen that, in the cited precedent, the Chamber ruled out any breach of Article 50 of the Political Constitution due to the allegations that are raised analogously in the </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">sub iudice.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> In this regard, it is worth emphasizing that the project includes an area of 2,650 square meters of green zones, that shaded spaces will be expanded, including through the planting of more than 20 native trees.
Furthermore, the water source will not be eliminated, but will be replaced by one with 40 jets, precisely to maintain the water component. On the other hand, a "comprehensive phytosanitary evaluation of the tree stock" of the park was indeed carried out, and regarding the need for tree removal, it was determined that specifically 2 ("llama de bosque and fresno mexicano") present structural deterioration and risk of falling; however, as a compensatory measure, the replacement of five new trees for each main branch removed was ordered. In addition, in the inspections carried out, the municipality has not recorded any situation of animal poisoning, nor bird nests that warrant any type of intervention.</span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">By virtue of the foregoing, and in accordance with the antecedent cited </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">ut supra,</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-style:italic; vertical-align:sub">prima facie</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> it is ruled out that the respondent municipality has incurred in any action or omission harmful to fundamental rights.
Now, it is not superfluous to warn that, if the claimant disagrees with the works and evaluations carried out by the respondent authority, she may raise the corresponding arguments before the competent ordinary administrative or jurisdictional instances, venues in which, broadly, she may discuss the merits of the matter.</span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:6pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">Ergo, the appeal is dismissed.</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub; -aw-import:spaces">  </span></p><p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">IV.- DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED TO THE CASE FILE</span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">.
The parties are warned that, if they have provided any paper document or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be collected within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (approved by the Corte Plena in Article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011 and published in the Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and in Article LXXXI of the session of the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial no. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:sub">Por tanto:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:justify; line-height:21pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="width:36pt; display:inline-block"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:35.4pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; widows:2; orphans:2; font-size:14pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:5.33pt; vertical-align:sub; -aw-import:spaces"> </span><span style="line-height:150%; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:9.33pt; vertical-align:sub">The appeal is dismissed.</span></p> Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
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-aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline\" /></p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub\">Luis Fdo.</span></p> Salazar A.</span></p></td><td style="padding-right:5.65pt; padding-left:5.65pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:7pt; vertical-align:sub; -aw-import:ignore"> </span></p></td><td style="padding-right:5.65pt; padding-left:5.65pt; vertical-align:top"><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:center; line-height:19.5pt; background-color:#ffffff"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del veintiuno de abril de dos mil veintiseis .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente nro. 26-003313-0007-CO, interpuesto por Nombre01, cédula de identidad CED01, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOICOECHEA.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,
Considerando:
La recurrente manifiesta que en 2024 la municipalidad accionada promovió un proyecto de reconstrucción del parque Santiago Jara. Alega que las obras contemplan la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes; empero, no se previó un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. Asimismo, comenta que se eliminan espacios de sombra indispensables tanto para las personas como para los animales; además, no se consideró la reubicación de nidos, ni la preservación de corredores verdes que permitan el desplazamiento y la subsistencia de especies como aves y ardillas. Agrega que incluso se removerá una fuente de agua, de modo que los animales no tendrán un sitio para beber el líquido. Expone que tales conductas son reiteradas por parte de la municipalidad accionada, pues como antecedente, en 2013 ocurrió algo similar con otro parque del cantón.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
En el sub lite, la recurrente manifiesta que en 2024 la municipalidad accionada promovió un proyecto de reconstrucción del parque Santiago Jara. Alega que las obras contemplan la tala significativa de árboles, la reducción extrema de zonas verdes y la eliminación de estructuras existentes; empero, no se previó un plan de contención, mitigación o compensación del impacto ambiental sobre la flora y la fauna del lugar. Asimismo, comenta que se eliminan espacios de sombra indispensables tanto para las personas como para los animales; además, no se consideró la reubicación de nidos, ni la preservación de corredores verdes que permitan el desplazamiento y la subsistencia de especies como aves y ardillas. Agrega que incluso se removerá una fuente de agua, de modo que los animales no tendrán un sitio para beber el líquido. Expone que tales conductas son reiteradas por parte de la municipalidad accionada, pues como antecedente, en 2013 ocurrió algo similar con otro parque del cantón.
Del estudio de los autos se tiene por demostrado, que la municipalidad accionada se encuentra en ejecución de obras concernientes al proyecto de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara de Goicoechea. La municipalidad accionada realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, la cual determinó que 2 árboles (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y potencial riesgo de caída, por lo que se autorizó su remoción. Además, como medida compensatoria, se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. El diseño de parque comprende 2.650 metros cuadrados de áreas verdes y se ampliarán los espacios de sombra a través de distintas estructuras. Asimismo, se sembrarán más de 20 árboles nativos, que aumentarán la sombra natural del parque. La fuente principal de agua del parque será sustituida por otra de 40 chorros, por lo que se mantendrá el componente hídrico del parque. En las inspecciones realizadas, la municipalidad accionada no ha detectado presencia de nidos de aves, ni tampoco envenenamiento de animales.
Sobre el particular, interesa advertir que, en la sentencia nro. 2026010907 de las 9:20 horas de 27 de marzo de 2026, esta Sala resolvió un recurso de amparo también planteado por las obras de remodelación del parque Santiago Jara, en los siguientes términos:
“I.- OBJETO DEL RECURSO. La recurrente reclama que la municipalidad recurrida inició la remodelación del Parque Santiago Jara sin poner a disposición pública los planos del proyecto, lo que considera contrario a los principios de probidad, transparencia y libre acceso a la información. Además, señala que la municipalidad recurrida no ha brindado claridad sobre el destino del quiosco, la fuente ni las áreas verdes existentes, elementos que forman parte del patrimonio histórico arquitectónico y del ecosistema del parque. Sobre este punto, comenta que el 28 de enero de 2026 se remitió la solicitud de declaratoria de patrimonio correspondiente, a la cual se le dio acuse de recibido al día siguiente (véase prueba aportada). Indica que la propuesta observada - en una especie de imagen colocada en el parque- elimina árboles, zonas verdes y espacios recreativos sin criterio técnico que lo justifique, incumpliendo normativa ambiental, urbanística y municipal, así como la obligación de realizar los trámites respectivos ante el Ministerio de Cultura conforme a la Ley No. 7555.
Añade que sobre el parque pesa desde hace más de diez años una orden sanitaria relacionada con las palomas que no ha sido debidamente atendida y que la remodelación, presentada como solución, no puede ejecutarse en detrimento del patrimonio ni del uso recreativo legalmente establecido. Concluye solicitando que la Municipalidad de Goicoechea respete el debido proceso, preserve el quiosco, la fuente, las áreas verdes y los árboles, incorpore juegos infantiles y espacios de esparcimiento propios de un parque recreativo, y rediseñe el proyecto conforme a la normativa vigente para garantizar la protección del patrimonio y el derecho constitucional a un ambiente sano (…)
Del informe rendido bajo juramento por la autoridad recurrida, con las consecuencias incluso penales que prevé el numeral 44 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional se descarta una infracción a los derechos fundamentales de la parte recurrente, con fundamento en las consideraciones que a continuación se exponen. Al respecto, el Alcalde de la Municipalidad recurrida informó bajo juramento que las obras de remodelación del Parque Santiago Jara en Guadalupe no contemplan la demolición ni afectación del kiosco existente. Además, el kiosco al igual que cualquier otra estructura presente en el parque, no han sido declarado Patrimonio Histórico-Arquitectónico por el Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud. En virtud de lo anterior, en cuanto a dicho extremo el recurso debe ser desestimado. Por otra parte, la autoridad recurrida informó que el nuevo diseño del parque en cuestión contempla 2.650 m2 de áreas verdes funcionales, las cuales serán reorganizadas con el objetivo de mejorar: la distribución del espacio público, la accesibilidad universal, la continuidad paisajística y el aprovechamiento social del parque Esta reorganización responde a criterios técnicos de planificación urbana, priorizando la funcionalidad del espacio público y su uso efectivo por parte de la comunidad. 4.
Ecosistema y manejo del arbolado. Una vez finalizadas las obras de remodelación, los ecosistemas presentes en el parque podrán continuar coexistiendo con la infraestructura proyectada, en virtud de que el diseño contempla la conservación de áreas verdes y la resiembra de especies arbóreas. El proyecto contempla, entre otros elementos: Parada inclusiva bajo techo para transporte público, Cafetería con servicios sanitarios accesibles conforme a la Ley No. 7600, Cuarto para cambio de bebés y sala de lactancia, Juegos infantiles, Fuente interactiva de 40 chorros, Zonas verdes, Rótulo urbano con el nombre del cantón, Biblioteca gratuita, Hotel para abejas (refugio de polinizadores), Botón de auxilio para emergencias, Parqueo para bicicletas, Juegos de piso tipo rayuela y Sistema de videovigilancia, Caseta de vigilancia con monitoreo por circuito cerrado, Accesibilidad universal en las cuatro esquinas del parque.
Como parte del análisis técnico realizado por el Departamento de Parques y Zonas Verdes, se determinó que dos árboles existentes (un ejemplar de llama de bosque y otro de fresno mexicano) presentan deterioro estructural y fitosanitario, evidenciado en: afectación del sistema radicular, presencia de ramas secas debilitamiento estructural y riesgo potencial de caída. Estas condiciones representan un riesgo para la seguridad de los usuarios del parque. En aplicación del principio de prevención y tutela de la vida humana, se autorizó su remoción controlada. Como medida compensatoria, se estableció la reposición de cinco árboles nuevos por cada rama principal removida, utilizando especies nativas y adecuadas al entorno urbano, lo que permitirá incrementar progresivamente la cobertura vegetal del parque. Así las cosas, en el presente caso se descarta la vulnera alguna a lo dispuesto en el artículo 50 constitucional.
Nótese además, que la recurrente no ha presentado ninguna gestión formal ante la autoridad recurrida denunciado alguna de las cuestiones alegadas en el presente recurso. Por último, si la recurrente considera que la autoridad recurrida no ha acatado una orden sanitaria emitida por el problema con las palomas que no ha sido debidamente atendida deberá alegarlo ante las autoridades competentes. En mérito de lo expuesto, el presente recurso debe ser declarado sin lugar, como en efecto se ordena.”.
Así las cosas, véase que, en el precedente de cita, la Sala descartó algún quebranto al ordinal 50 de la Constitución Política por los alegatos que se plantean de manera análoga en el sub iudice. En tal sentido, cabe enfatizar que el proyecto comprende un área de 2.650 metros cuadrados de zonas verdes, que se ampliarán los espacios de sombra, incluso a través de la siembra de más de 20 árboles nativos. Además, no se eliminará la fuente de agua, sino que será sustituida por una de 40 chorros, justamente para mantener el componente hídrico. Por otro lado, sí se realizó una “evaluación fitosanitaria integral del arbolado” del parque, y respecto de la necesidad de remoción de árboles, se determinó que específicamente 2 (“llama de bosque y fresno mexicano”) presentan deterioro estructural y riesgo de caída; empero, como medida compensatoria se dispuso la reposición de cinco nuevos árboles por cada rama principal removida. En adición, en las inspecciones efectuadas la municipalidad no ha registrado ninguna situación de envenenamiento de animales, ni tampoco nidos de aves que ameriten algún tipo de intervención.
En virtud de lo expuesto, y en concordancia con el antecedente citado ut supra, prima facie se descarta que la municipalidad accionada haya incurrido en alguna acción u omisión lesiva de derechos fundamentales. Ahora, no está de más advertir que, si la accionante se encuentra inconforme con las obras y evaluaciones realizadas por la autoridad accionada, podrá plantear los alegatos que correspondan ante las instancias administrativas o jurisdiccionales ordinarias competentes, sedes en las que, de manera amplia, podrá discutir el fondo del asunto.
Ergo, se declara sin lugar el recurso.
Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel u objetos o pruebas contenidos en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte que será destruido todo material que no sea recogido dentro de ese lapso, con base en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (aprobado por la Corte Plena en el artículo XXVI de la sesión nro. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011 y publicado en el Boletín Judicial nro. 19 del 26 de enero de 2012) y en el artículo LXXXI de la sesión del Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial nro. 43-12 de 3 de mayo de 2012.
Por tanto:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
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