Environmental amparo compliance accepted for Quebrada Los Negritos watershedCumplimiento de amparo ambiental sobre microcuenca Quebrada Los Negritos

EV Template Generation: D:\Gestion-Judicial\Servidor de Archivos\MODELOS\S4SENAMH002.dpj Res. Nº 2026013242 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours and twenty minutes on the twenty-first of April, two thousand and twenty-six.

Compliance motion (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by GUSTAVO LARA BARQUERO, in his capacity as ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER (GESTOR AMBIENTAL) OF THE MUNICIPALIDAD DE MONTES DE OCA.

Whereas:

1.- By written submission received at the Court Secretariat and incorporated into the digital case file at 13:42 hours on March 25, 2026, Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, stated the following: "(…) In response to the order issued by the Sala Constitucional in resolution No. 2026007067 of 09:30 hours on February 27, 2026, in the above-referenced case file, by which the obligation to provide the petitioner with the report requested in her motions of June 5 and November 2, 2024 was reiterated, I hereby report the following: 1. Delivery of the required report. In compliance with the order issued, the document corresponding to the field inspection conducted in April 2024 was duly transmitted, identified as: • Technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the Water Directorate (Dirección de Aguas) of MINAE, dated July 9, 2024. • Sub-watershed (microcuenca) Report on Quebrada Los Negritos, prepared by the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. 2. Proof of delivery and traceability. It is hereby stated that, by electronic mail dated March 10, 2026 (16:08 hours), the documentation was transmitted to the Mayor's Office, including the requested report and all other administrative records of the case, for the purpose of forwarding them to the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal), pursuant to agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024, in connection with the motions filed by the petitioner on June 5 and November 2, 2024. It is likewise noted that, in that same email chain, the information was sent directly to Nombre01 by electronic communication dated March 10, 2026 (16:19 hours), thereby ensuring her access to the corresponding documentation. (…) Additionally, on March 25, 2026, a formal official letter (oficio) was issued addressed to the petitioner, by which: • The corresponding report is expressly identified. • The information related to the inspection is clarified. • The existing documentation, previously sent on March 10, 2026, is transmitted again. (…) Technical supplementary documentation was likewise provided, including: • Technical reports from the MINAE Water Directorate. • Diagnostic reports on the Quebrada Los Negritos sub-watershed. • Activity Report of the Watershed Recovery Project (2024). • Institutional official letters and related municipal agreements. Through the foregoing, the undersigned proceeds to comply with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional with respect to the delivery of the report requested by the petitioner. The institutional commitment to continue attending to any additional requirement that this Honorable Court deems appropriate is hereby reaffirmed. On the basis of the foregoing, this Honorable Court is respectfully requested to consider compliance with the order duly established and, consequently, to dismiss the contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) filed in the present case file and order its archiving. The confirmation receipts for the emails sent are attached as supporting documentation." 2.- The legal requirements have been observed in the proceedings conducted.

The judgment is drafted by Justice Araya García; and,

Considering:

I.- Subject matter. The Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca reports the compliance steps taken pursuant to the order issued in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory rulings (resoluciones interlocutorias) no. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on October 3, 2025, and 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026.

II.- Established facts. The following facts are deemed duly proven as relevant to the decision in this matter:

• a)By judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, this Court resolved as follows: "The writ of amparo (recurso de amparo) is granted. The person holding the office of Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is ordered to issue the directives within the scope of their competencies and to coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS from notification of this judgment, the motion filed by the petitioner on April 8, 2024 is resolved in a complete, final, and legally proper manner. David Chavarría Monge, in his capacity as Acting Executive Director of SINAC, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to issue the directives within the scope of their competencies and to coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS from notification of this judgment, the motion filed by the petitioner on May 8, 2024 is resolved in a complete, final, and legally proper manner. Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to issue the directives within the scope of their competencies and to coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS from notification of this judgment, the motion filed by the petitioner on June 17, 2024 is resolved in a complete, final, and legally proper manner. Enrique Sibaja Granados, Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, and Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, in their respective capacities as President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, as well as those serving as Mayor of said corporation and as Water Director of MINAE, are ordered to issue the directives within the scope of their competencies and to coordinate everything necessary so that, within a period of TEN DAYS from notification of this judgment, the protected party (amparada) is provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024. The respondent authorities are hereby warned that, pursuant to Article 71 of the Law of this Jurisdiction, imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that they must comply with or enforce, issued in a writ of amparo, and fails to comply with or enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely penalized. The State and the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca are ordered to pay costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts underlying this declaration, which shall be determined in the execution of the administrative-litigation judgment. Justice Salazar Alvarado files a dissenting vote and votes to deny the writ, on the grounds that it falls within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts, specifically the administrative-litigation jurisdiction, to determine whether the administrative acts and conduct challenged conform, in substance, to the provisions of the legal order regarding the protection, oversight, and conservation of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Notice is given" (the case file).
• b)On June 17, 2025, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC, the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE, and the Water Directorate of MINAE were notified of judgment no. 22025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025 (see notification records added to the digital case file).
• c)By interlocutory ruling no. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on October 3, 2025, this Court ruled as follows: "The contempt motion is granted. Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, as well as those holding the positions of President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, are reiterated the obligation to comply with the order issued by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, to the effect that the petitioner be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024. The foregoing is issued with the warning that, should contempt be established, the opening of an administrative proceeding (procedimiento administrativo) may be ordered against the official failing to comply with this Court's ruling and, additionally, the referral of the matter to the Public Prosecutor's Office for the possible commission of the offense of contempt may be ordered (Articles 53 and 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional). Personal notice shall be given to Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, as well as to those holding the positions of President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca" (the case file).
• d)On October 13, 2025, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca were personally notified of interlocutory ruling no. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on October 3, 2025 (see notification records added to the digital case file).
• e)By interlocutory ruling no. 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026, this Court ruled as follows: "The compliance motion filed by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is not granted. The contempt motion against the Head of the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE is granted. Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, is reiterated the obligation to comply with the order issued by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, to the effect that the petitioner be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024. Likewise, Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE, or whoever holds that office, is reiterated the obligation to comply with the order issued by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, to the effect that the motion filed by the petitioner on June 17, 2024 is resolved in a complete, final, and legally proper manner. The foregoing is issued with the warning that, should contempt be established, the opening of an administrative proceeding may be ordered against the official failing to comply with this Court's ruling and, additionally, the referral of the matter to the Public Prosecutor's Office for the possible commission of the offense of contempt may be ordered (Articles 53 and 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional). Personal notice shall be given to Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, and to Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE, or to whoever holds those offices" (the case file).
• f)On March 3, 2026, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca were personally notified of interlocutory ruling no. 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026 (see notification records added to the digital case file).
• g)On March 5, 2026, the authorities of the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE were personally notified of interlocutory ruling no. 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026 (see notification records added to the digital case file).
• h)On March 10, 2026, by means of official letter no. GA-GA-77-26, signed by Gustavo Lara Barquero in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, the Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca was informed as follows: "In compliance with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional of the Supreme Court of Justice, by means of resolution: Exp: 25‑003244‑0007‑CO Res. Nº 2026007067 San José, February 27, 2026, 09:30 hours, relating to the contempt motion filed by Nombre01 against the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC and CNE, I hereby transmit in consolidated form the totality of the documentation and administrative records of the case, so that this Mayor's Office may proceed to forward the complete case file to the Municipal Council, pursuant to agreement SC‑AC‑0559‑ORD.07‑2024 and to the order issued by the Court. Additionally, this transmittal is made pursuant to the request by the Municipal Council in Ordinary Session No. 07‑2024, Article No. 11, Item No. 4, concerning the Nombre01 case and the situation of the Quebrada Los Negritos sub-watershed, Carmiol sector. 1. Documents being transmitted. The following documents, incorporated in the case file and now retransmitted in their entirety, are set out below: 1.1 Official letters from the Environmental Management Department. GA‑SP‑40‑25 (13/02/2024): Initial report to Nombre01, with a technical description of the case, geospatial survey, coordination with the Water Directorate and CNE, preliminary diagnosis, and photographic evidence. (Attached file, 3 pages – fully recovered). GA‑148‑24 (03/07/2024): Consolidated technical follow-up, findings of erosion, encroachments on the watercourse (cauce), civil structures not in compliance, records of joint site visits, and status of the case files. (Included in transmittal). 1.2 Expanded technical report. Activity Report of the Watershed Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Engineer Dayana Morales Agüero: • GIS mapping (mapeo SIG). • Risk points. • Evidence of illegal discharges (vertidos ilegales). • Encroachments on the protection area. • Photographic records of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres sub-watersheds. • Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level. 1.3 Documents from the petitioner. Written submission by Nombre01, received June 5, 2024, requesting access to the reports and institutional follow-up. (Attached as scanned copy provided). 1.4 Inter-institutional reports and actions. Official letter DA‑UHTPCOSJ‑2173‑2021 from MINAE–Water Directorate, concluding that the works in the sector constitute expansions and not minor works, thereby causing encroachment on the watercourse. (Included). Joint inspections from 2023 (Municipalidad, CNE, MINAE, Ministry of Health) and official letter D.Alc.-055‑2023 requesting a field visit. (Included). Report CNE‑UIAR‑INF‑0431‑2023, with recommendations regarding water permits, complaints, and removal of illegal structures. (Included). 1.5 Prior communications. Institutional email sent in July 2024 with part of the case file (copies are re-incorporated). 2. Request. On the basis of resolution Res. Nº 2026007067, which requires verification of municipal actions and guarantees compliance with environmental obligations, I respectfully request that the Mayor's Office arrange: The immediate forwarding of the complete case file to the Municipal Council, as ordered by the Sala Constitucional. The consolidation of the documents will enable the Council to be provided with a complete and up-to-date picture, which is indispensable in a constitutional contempt proceeding. I remain available to provide additional or supplementary information" (see statements by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca and evidence submitted to the digital case file).
• i)The foregoing official letter was sent with a copy to account ...01, designated by the petitioner as the means for receiving notifications (see evidence submitted by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, added to the digital case file).
• j)On March 25, 2026, by means of official letter no. GA-GA-90-26, signed by Gustavo Lara Barquero in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, the petitioner was informed as follows: "Subject: Clarification regarding the date of the inspection cited in your motion of June 5, 2024, and retransmission of the MINAE technical report and the Negrito Sub-watershed Report. Dear Madam: Please receive my warm regards. In response to your motion filed on June 5, 2024, and in compliance with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional of the Supreme Court of Justice within the corresponding follow-up proceeding, by which you requested the report derived from the field inspection conducted in April 2024, this formal clarification is hereby issued in order to specify the documentary information contained in the corresponding administrative and judicial case file. 1. Date indicated by the Municipalidad (communication of April 22, 2024). In the email sent by this Municipalidad on April 22, 2024, you were informed as follows: "…on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a field inspection was conducted with the officials from the Environment and Water Directorate…". Based on that communication, you filed your request of June 5, 2024, seeking the report corresponding to that inspection. 2. Date recorded by the MINAE Water Directorate. Document DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the MINAE Water Directorate and dated July 9, 2024, states in its Third Fact: "…the undersigned, together with officials from the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero and Dayana Morales Agüero, conducted an inspection on April 18 of the current year at the site of the events…". Accordingly, the official technical report records the date of the inspection as April 18, 2024. 3. Clarification regarding the difference in dates. Following a comprehensive review of the available documentation, the following is clarified: • This was a single joint inspection, conducted in April 2024. • The Municipalidad recorded the date as April 17, 2024. • The MINAE Water Directorate recorded the same inspection as April 18, 2024. • The one-day discrepancy is attributable to administrative recording criteria and does not imply the existence of separate inspections. Accordingly, your motion of June 5, 2024 corresponds to the report derived from that single inspection, regardless of the date recorded by each institution. 4. Clarification regarding the requested report. With respect to your request for a copy of the report derived from the stated inspection, it is clarified that the formal document in existence corresponding to that inspection is the technical report issued by the MINAE Water Directorate (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), which is transmitted herewith. Additionally, the Municipalidad has the Activity Report of the Watershed Recovery Project (2024), which contains supplementary technical information derived from fieldwork. 5. Expanded technical report mentioned above. You are likewise informed of the Activity Report of the Watershed Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Engineer Dayana Morales Agüero, which includes: • GIS mapping. • Identification of risk points. • Evidence of illegal discharges. • Identification of encroachments on protection areas. • Photographic records of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres sub-watersheds. • Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level. 6. Transmission of technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024. For your information and for the record, the following document is again attached: • DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, dated July 9, 2024, issued by the MINAE Water Directorate. This report contains the record of the inspection, identification of works in the watercourse, collection of field data, photographic material, and an assessment of the environmental damage in the stretch of Quebrada Los Negritos. 7. Final observations. This clarification is issued for the purpose of organizing and specifying the existing documentary information, in accordance with the requirements of the compliance follow-up proceeding before the Sala Constitucional. It is clarified that: • No joint report exists between the MINAE Water Directorate and the Municipalidad. • Only the technical report issued by the Water Directorate exists, derived from the inspection of April 18, 2024. • The Municipalidad has the Watershed Project report prepared by the Municipalidad, as well as various technical and administrative documentation related to the case. It is likewise noted that this Municipalidad has continuously attended to the motions filed by you, particularly those of June 5, 2024 and November 2, 2024, through the transmission of technical information, diagnostic reports, environmental assessments, and other related administrative records. It is further noted that, by official letter sent by email on March 10, 2026, addressed to you, a consolidated transmission was made of all the documentation and administrative records of the case, in the context of the contempt motion filed before the Sala Constitucional (…) That transmittal was intended to comply with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional, as well as the provisions of the Municipal Council through agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024, and the request made in Ordinary Session No. 07-2024, Article No. 11, Item No. 4, concerning the Nombre01 case and the situation of the Quebrada Los Negritos sub-watershed, Carmiol sector. This transmittal hereby proceeds to again deliver that documentation for purposes of record, clarity, and guaranteed access to information" (see statements by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca and evidence submitted to the digital case file).
• k)The foregoing official letter and documentation were sent with a copy to account ...01, designated by the petitioner as the means for receiving notifications (see statements by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca and evidence submitted to the digital case file).

III.- On the motion filed. The Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca reports the compliance steps taken pursuant to the order issued in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory rulings no. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on October 3, 2025, and 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026.

In judgment no. 2025017905, this Court ruled as follows: "(…) Enrique Sibaja Granados, Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, and Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, in their respective capacities as President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, as well as those serving as Mayor of said corporation and as Water Director of MINAE, are ordered to issue the directives within the scope of their competencies and to coordinate everything necessary so that, within a period of TEN DAYS from notification of this judgment, the protected party is provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024 (…)" (sic).

Subsequently, by interlocutory ruling no. 2025031965, this Court ruled as follows: "The contempt motion is granted. Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, as well as those holding the positions of President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, are reiterated the obligation to comply with the order issued by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, to the effect that the petitioner be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024." Finally, by interlocutory ruling no. 2026007067, this Court ruled as follows: "The compliance motion filed by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is not granted. The contempt motion against the Head of the Risk Analysis and Investigation Unit of CNE is granted. Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, is reiterated the obligation to comply with the order issued by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, to the effect that the petitioner be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024 (…)." IV.- It is appropriate to note the provisions of this Court set forth in Considerandos XI, XII, XIII, XIV, and XV of judgment no. 2025017905:

"XI.- On items d) and e) of the subject matter of the writ: the report requested before the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. The petitioner stated that on June 5, 2024, she requested a copy of an administrative report from the Environmental Management Department of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. She likewise underscored that on November 2, 2024, she requested that the council of the respondent territorial corporation deliver the same report.

XII.- First and foremost, it must be noted that, while the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca maintained that the request was filed on December 2, 2024, the petitioner in fact submitted the document bearing the received stamp dated November 2, 2024.

XIII.- From the account of established facts it follows that on June 5, 2024, Nombre01 presented before the Documentary Information and Records Center of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca an official letter addressed to the Environmental Management Department of the corporation, in which she stated: "(…) I request that you immediately provide me with a printed or digital copy of the report to which you refer in your email, relating to your visit to the site on April 17, 2024 (as you indicate), and which, in your opinion, you need in order to act (…) For any communication or notification relating to this motion, I designate the email address ...01 (…)" (sic). On November 2, 2024, Nombre01 presented before the Documentary Information and Records Center of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca an official letter addressed to the Secretary of the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca, in which she stated: "(…) I request that you provide me with a copy of the report submitted by the Administration pursuant to the aforementioned agreement (…) For any communication or notification relating to this motion, I designate the email address ...01 (…)" (sic); the referenced agreement is the one adopted at Ordinary Session No. 07/2024, Article 11, Item 4, of June 17, 2024. On December 4, 2024, attached to an email notified to the petitioner, official letter No. SC- AC- 2154- ORD.31- 2024 of December 3, 2024, signed by the Secretary of the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca, was transmitted, stating: "(…) I have the pleasure of transcribing the matter considered by the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca at Ordinary Session No. 31/2024, Article No. 4.6, on December 2, 2024, which reads verbatim: ARTICLE 4.- Correspondence recommended for referral.- 4.6.- The following matter is referred to the MUNICIPAL MAYOR: • Note signed by Nombre01 to the Municipal Council, bearing received date 02-12-2024, without an official letter number: request for status of implementation of agreement S.O.N° 7-2024 of 17-6-2024.- ONCE THE FOREGOING REQUESTS CONTAINED IN THE CHAPTER ON "CORRESPONDENCE RECOMMENDED FOR REFERRAL" WERE CONSIDERED, THE PRESIDENT OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL SUBMITTED THEM TO A VOTE, AND THEY WERE DULY APPROVED BY UNANIMOUS DECISION. (COUNCIL MEMBER (NOW SERVING AS OWNER) Nombre02 ACHIO VOTED IN SUBSTITUTION OF OWNER COUNCIL MEMBER Nombre03) (…)" (sic). Subsequently, on February 13, 2025, two days after the initial order (auto inicial) was notified to the authorities of the respondent Municipalidad, attached to an email sent to account ...01, the Environmental Management Department of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca transmitted to the protected party official letter No. GA-40-25, which detailed: "(…) I greet you and at the same time wish to address the matter at hand pursuant to Item 4.

Regarding the analysis of the micro-watershed (microcuenca) Los Negritos in the sector, specifically in Carmiol, providing the following information: Within the comprehensive analysis conducted pursuant to the study of the Quebrada Los Negritos stream (quebrada) and concerning the case at hand — as set forth in the request, and in the study of the situation of the property bordering the stream, a permanent body of water, in Carmiol, San Pedro — a geospatial survey (levantamiento geoespacial) of the sector to be addressed was carried out in the study area, together with monitoring reports from the regulatory authorities (entes rectores), both the Dirección de Agua and CNE, from which I report the following: The sector under study and the properties in question within the sector of the Quebrada Los Negritos stream (…) Facts: — That since 2017, follow-up has been provided in due form and time regarding the case of señora Nombre01 on this matter, together with the related official communications for the requested land uses (usos del suelo), as well as during the various in-person meetings with the mayor at the municipality to discuss said case. — That the aforementioned case was coordinated with the regulatory authority, resulting in the issuance of official communication DA-UHTPCOSJ-2173-2021 from the Dirección de Aguas, which had already established that not only the work in question but also the measures involved did not constitute a minor work but rather a major one, and that it constituted an expansion rather than maintenance or repair thereof. Furthermore, it notes the condition identified regarding the encroachment processes through civil works within the streambed (cauce). As a result, measures were initiated to analyze this section of the Quebrada Negritos. — That, as of January 31, 2023, in follow-up to this case and in conjunction with official communication from the Mayor's Office: D. Alc. 055-2023, which was forwarded to MINAE, the Dirección de Aguas, and the Comisión de Emergencias with the purpose of summoning them for a field visit to analyze said case involving señora Nombre01 and her property. — For the foregoing reasons, the first actions were concluded from the field inspection carried out together with geologist Juan Ignacio Chávez Salas of CNE, which determined: — To analyze the structural variable conditions of the current micro-watershed; which was accomplished through the preparation of the first diagnostic of the sector comprising: the Nadori park to the beginning of the Carmiol park. — Risk diagnostic and other factors related to erosive processes (procesos erosivos), such as the determination of the watershed basin capacity (capacidad del vaso de cuenca). — That among the results contained in the diagnostic, it is indicated that the bottleneck factors affecting the watershed basin capacity and its flow — where civil structures within the buffer zone (área de protección) of the stream have lost their useful life as a defense against processes of low load-bearing capacity (capacidad de soporte) of the terrain — and that in other cases, backfilling (rellenos) processes are observed on those lands, such that, given that these are seasonal micro-watersheds, their streambed is minimal during the dry season but during the rainy season exceeds capacity and is subjected to increased pressure and therefore a greater tractive force (fuerza de arrastre) of its flow, thereby intensifying the erosive processes. — That as described in the CNE report dated 2023-05-19/CNE-UIAR-INF-0431-2023, which mentions within its recommendations and within the actions to be planned and in fulfillment of those recommendations, under section B: requesting the permit from the Dirección de Aguas and overseeing the works within the streambed to ensure compliance with established environmental legislation; and under section C: initiating the processes for the respective complaints and the removal of encroaching civil structures or those that do not comply with authorized regulations. — For the foregoing reasons, and in compliance with CNE's recommendations, the refined information from the diagnostic was used and a field inspection was conducted to verify with the Dirección de Aguas the status of each of the properties in the sector, with the aim of addressing all legal aspects within its competence as the regulatory authority responsible for authorizing or not authorizing the civil works and for studying their legal status. — That we are awaiting the final report and its recommendations in order to proceed in accordance with the binding recommendations to be issued by the regulatory authority and to continue with the property files in order to ensure legal certainty, with the objective of improving the environmental quality of the Quebrada Los Negritos (…)" (sic) (emphasis not in the original).

XIV.- In response to what was indicated by the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca in the official communication of February 13, 2025, the presiding magistrate transferred the matter to the Director of Water of MINAE, who did not submit a report; for this reason, the facts and omissions attributed to him were deemed true, in application of Article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

XV.- Despite more than 1 year having elapsed with regard to the Department of Environmental Management, and more than 7 months with regard to the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal), the report in question has not been provided; therefore, this Tribunal must also intervene with respect to this grievance." V.- Now then, in light of the foregoing, the Environmental Manager (Gestor Ambiental) of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca reported to the Court the steps taken to comply with what was ordered in ruling no. 2025017905, and reiterated in interlocutory resolutions nos. 2025031965 and 2026007067. He indicated that by means of official communication no. GA-GA-90-26 of March 25, 2026, he notified the appellant of the following:

"Subject: Clarification regarding the date of the inspection referenced in your submission of June 5, 2024, and re-submission of the MINAE technical report and the Informe de Microcuecas Negrito.

Dear Madam: Please receive my cordial greetings.

In response to your submission filed on June 5, 2024, and in compliance with what was ordered by the Sala Constitucional of the Corte Suprema de Justicia within the corresponding compliance monitoring process — by which you request the report derived from the field inspection conducted in April 2024 — this formal clarification is issued with the purpose of specifying the documentary information on record in the corresponding administrative and judicial file.

1. Date indicated by the Municipality (communication of April 22, 2024).

In the email sent by this Municipality on April 22, 2024, the following was communicated: '…on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a field inspection was carried out with the personnel from Ambiente and Dirección de Aguas…' Based on that communication, you filed your request of June 5, 2024, requesting the report corresponding to said inspection.

2. Date recorded by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE. Document DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE and dated July 9, 2024, states in its Third Finding: '…the undersigned, together with the officials from the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero and Dayana Morales Agüero, conducted an inspection on April 18 of the current year at the site of the events…' Consequently, the official technical report records the date of the inspection as April 18, 2024.

3. Clarification regarding the difference in dates.

Following a comprehensive review of the available documentation, the following is clarified: • This was a single joint inspection, conducted in April 2024.

• The Municipality recorded the date as April 17, 2024.

• The Dirección de Aguas of MINAE recorded the same inspection as April 18, 2024.

• The one-day difference is due to administrative record-keeping criteria and does not imply the existence of separate inspections.

Consequently, your submission of June 5, 2024 corresponds to the report derived from that single inspection, regardless of the date recorded by each institution.

4. Clarification regarding the requested report.

With regard to your request for a copy of the report derived from the indicated inspection, it is clarified that the existing formal document corresponding to that inspection is the technical report issued by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), which is forwarded herewith. Additionally, the Municipality has the Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), which contains complementary technical information derived from the field work carried out.

5. Expanded technical report referenced above.

Likewise, the Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), prepared by Engineer Dayana Morales Agüero, is brought to your attention, which includes:

• GIS mapping (Mapeo SIG).

• Identification of risk points.

• Evidence of illegal discharges.

• Identification of encroachments in protection areas.

• Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres micro-watersheds.

• Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level.

6. Submission of technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024.

For your information and record, the following document is again attached:

• DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, dated July 9, 2024, issued by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE.

This report contains the inspection record, identification of works in the streambed, field data collection, photographic material, and the assessment of environmental damage to the section of the Quebrada Los Negritos.

7. Final observations.

This clarification is issued with the purpose of organizing and specifying the existing documentary information, in accordance with what is required within the compliance monitoring process before the Sala Constitucional.

It is clarified that:

• There is no joint report between the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE and the Municipality.

• The only document that exists is the technical report issued by the Dirección de Aguas, derived from the inspection of April 18, 2024.

• The Municipality has the Cuencas Project report prepared by the Municipality, as well as various related technical and administrative documentation.

Furthermore, it is noted that this Municipality has been continuously attending to the submissions filed by you, particularly those dated June 5, 2024 and November 2, 2024, through the submission of technical information, diagnostics, environmental assessments, and other administrative background materials related to the case.

Additionally, it is noted that by means of an official communication sent by email dated March 10, 2026, addressed to you, the consolidated submission of all documentation and administrative background materials related to the case was carried out, in the context of the disobedience proceeding (gestión de desobediencia) filed before the Sala Constitucional (…)

The purpose of that submission was to comply with what was ordered by the Sala Constitucional, as well as with the provisions of the Municipal Council by means of agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 and what was requested at Ordinary Session No. 07-2024, Article No. 11, Item No. 4, concerning the case of Nombre01 and the situation of the micro-watershed Quebrada Los Negritos, Carmiol sector.

In the present submission, said documentation is again forwarded for purposes of support, clarity, and guarantee of access to information." The foregoing official communication and documentation were sent with a copy to the account ...01, designated by the appellant as the means for receiving notifications.

VI.- That being the case, upon determining that the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca complied with what was ordered in ruling no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, and reiterated in interlocutory resolutions no. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025, and no. 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026, with regard to the report requested by the appellant on June 5 and November 2, 2024, the appropriate course of action is to accept said compliance representations and add them to its record of prior compliance.

VII.- Documentation submitted to the file. The parties are hereby warned that if they have submitted any document in paper form, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, or telematic device, or one produced by new technologies, these must be retrieved from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from notification of this ruling. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial," approved by the Corte Plena in session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session no. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.

Por tanto:

The compliance proceeding filed by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is accepted, with regard to the report requested by the appellant on June 5 and November 2, 2024. Let it be added to its record of prior compliance. Notify.

Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L. Luis Fdo. Salazar A.

Jorge Araya G. Anamari Garro V.

Ingrid Hess H.

Digitally Signed Document -- Verification Code -- Telephone numbers: Telf01/ ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección01, Dirección02, 100 meters south of the Perpetuo Socorro church).

--- Res. Nº 2026013242 SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine hours and twenty minutes on the twenty-first of April of two thousand twenty-six.

Compliance proceeding filed by GUSTAVO LARA BARQUERO, in his capacity as ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER OF THE MUNICIPALIDAD DE MONTES DE OCA.

Background (Resultando):

1.- By written submission received at the Court's Registry and incorporated into the digital file at 13:42 hours on March 25, 2026, Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, states the following: "(…) In response to what was ordered by that Sala Constitucional in resolution No. 2026007067 of 09:30 hours on February 27, 2026, within the indicated case file, by which the obligation to provide the appellant with the report requested in her submissions of June 5 and November 2, 2024 is reiterated, I am pleased to report the following: 1. Submission of the requested report. In compliance with what was ordered, the document corresponding to the field inspection conducted in April 2024, identified as follows, was submitted: • Technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the Dirección de Aguas of the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), dated July 9, 2024. • Informe de Microcuencas Quebrada Los Negritos, prepared by the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. 2. Accreditation of delivery and traceability. It is hereby placed on record that, by means of an email dated March 10, 2026 (16:08 hours), the documentation was submitted to the Mayor's Office, including the requested report and other administrative background materials related to the case, for the purpose of its transfer to the Municipal Council, pursuant to agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024, related to the submissions filed by the appellant on June 5 and November 2, 2024. It is likewise noted that in that same email chain, the information was sent directly to señora Nombre01, by means of an electronic communication dated March 10, 2026 (16:19 hours), guaranteeing her access to the corresponding documentation. (…) Additionally, on March 25, 2026, a formal official communication was issued addressed to the appellant, by which: • The corresponding report is expressly identified. • The information related to the inspection is clarified. • The existing documentation, previously sent on March 10, 2026, is forwarded again. (…) Furthermore, complementary technical documentation was provided, including: • Technical reports from the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE. • Diagnostics of the micro-watershed Quebrada Los Negritos. • Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024). • Institutional official communications and related municipal agreements. With the foregoing, the undersigned proceeds to comply with what was ordered by that Sala Constitucional, with regard to the delivery of the report requested by the appellant. The institutional willingness to continue attending to any additional requirement that this Tribunal deems appropriate is reiterated. Based on the foregoing, this Honorable Tribunal is respectfully requested to deem compliance with what was ordered as established, and consequently, to reject the disobedience proceeding filed in this case file and order its archiving. The confirmation emails sent as support for the foregoing are attached." 2.- The legal requirements in the proceedings followed have been observed.

The ruling is drafted by Magistrate Araya García; and, Considering (Considerando):

I.- Object. The Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca reports the compliance steps taken pursuant to what was ordered in ruling no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, and reiterated in interlocutory resolutions nos. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025, and 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026.

II.- Proven facts. Of importance to the decision of this matter, the following facts are considered duly established:

• a)By means of ruling no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, this Court resolved as follows: "The amparo appeal (recurso de amparo) is declared granted. The person serving as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is ordered to issue orders within the scope of their competence and to coordinate what is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS, counted from notification of this ruling, the submission filed by the appellant on April 8, 2024 is resolved in a complete, definitive, and legally proper manner. David Chavarría Monge, in his capacity as Acting Executive Director of SINAC, or whoever occupies that position, is ordered to issue orders within the scope of their competence and to coordinate what is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS, counted from notification of this ruling, the submission filed by the appellant on May 8, 2024 is resolved in a complete, definitive, and legally proper manner. Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Investigation and Analysis Unit of CNE, or whoever occupies that position, is ordered to issue orders within the scope of their competence and to coordinate what is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS, counted from notification of this ruling, the submission filed by the appellant on June 17, 2024 is resolved in a complete, definitive, and legally proper manner. Enrique Sibaja Granados, Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, and Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, in their respective capacities as President of the Municipal Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, as well as those serving as Mayor of said corporation and Director of Water of the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, are ordered to issue orders within the scope of their competences and to coordinate all that is necessary so that, within a period of TEN DAYS, counted from notification of this ruling, the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024 is provided to the protected party (amparada). The respondent authorities are warned that, in accordance with Article 71 of the Ley de esta Jurisdicción, imprisonment of three months to two years, or twenty to sixty days' fine, shall be imposed on whoever receives an order that they must comply with or enforce, issued in an amparo appeal, and does not comply with it or enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely punishable. The State and the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca are condemned to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the acts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of the administrative court judgment (ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo). Magistrate Salazar Alvarado dissents and declares the appeal denied, on the grounds that it is for the ordinary courts — specifically, the administrative court (contencioso administrativa) — to determine whether the administrative actions and conduct alleged conform, in substance, to what is prescribed in the statutory legal framework with regard to the protection, stewardship, and conservation of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment.

Notifíquese." (the record).

• b)On **June 17, 2025**, judgment no. 22025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025 was served on the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC, the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, and the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE (see the notification records appended to the digital case file (expediente)).
• c)By means of interlocutory resolution (resolución interlocutoria) no. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on **October 3, 2025**, this Chamber ordered the following: *"The noncompliance motion (gestión de desobediencia) is granted. Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor (Alcalde) of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that position, as well as the holders of the positions of President of the Municipal Council, the Environmental Manager (Gestor Ambiental), and the Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, are hereby directed again* ***to comply with what this Chamber ordered in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025,*** ***in the sense that the appellant be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024.*** *The foregoing, with the warning that, should noncompliance be established, the opening of an administrative proceeding may be ordered against the official who fails to comply with this Chamber's ruling and, in addition, transcripts of the record may be forwarded to the Ministerio Público for the possible commission of the crime of contempt (Articles 53 and 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction).* ***Be served with notice personally upon Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or upon whoever holds that position, as well as upon the holders of the positions of President of the Municipal Council, the Environmental Manager, and the Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca***"* (the record).
• d)On **October 13, 2025**, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca were served personally with interlocutory resolution no. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on October 3, 2025 (see the notification records appended to the digital case file).
• e)By means of interlocutory resolution no. 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on **February 27, 2026**, this Tribunal ordered the following: *"The compliance motion (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is denied. The noncompliance motion against the Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE is granted.* ***Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that position in his place,*** *is hereby directed again to comply with what this Chamber ordered in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025,* ***in the sense that the appellant be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024.*** *Likewise,* ***Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, or whoever holds that position,*** *is hereby directed again to comply with what this Chamber ordered in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, in the* ***sense that the motion submitted by the appellant on June 17, 2024 be resolved in a complete, definitive, and legally appropriate manner.*** *The foregoing, with the warning that, should noncompliance be established, the opening of an administrative proceeding may be ordered against the official who fails to comply with this Chamber's ruling and, in addition, transcripts of the record may be forwarded to the Ministerio Público for the possible commission of the crime of contempt (Articles 53 and 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction).* ***Be served with notice personally upon Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, and upon Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, or upon those who hold those positions in their place***"* (the record).
• f)On **March 3, 2026**, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca were served personally with interlocutory resolution no. 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026 (see the notification records appended to the digital case file).
• g)On **March 5, 2026**, the authorities of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE were served personally with interlocutory resolution no. 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026 (see the notification records appended to the digital case file).
• h)On **March 10, 2026**, by means of official letter no. GA-GA-77-26, signed by Gustavo Lara Barquero in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, the Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca was informed of the following: *"In compliance with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, by means of resolution: Exp: 25‑003244‑0007‑CO Res. Nº 2026007067 San José, February 27, 2026, 09:30 hours, regarding the noncompliance motion filed by Ms. Nombre01 against the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC, and CNE, I hereby submit in consolidated form all documentation and administrative background records of the case, so that this Mayor's Office may proceed to transfer the complete case file to the Municipal Council, in accordance with resolution SC‑AC‑0559‑ORD.07‑2024 and with what was ordered by the Chamber. Additionally, this submission is made in accordance with what was requested by the Municipal Council at Ordinary Session No. 07‑2024, Article No. 11, Point No. 4, regarding the Nombre01 Case and the situation of the micro-watershed (microcuenca) Quebrada Los Negritos, Carmiol sector. 1. Documents submitted. The following documents are incorporated in the case file and are hereby resubmitted in their entirety: 1.1 Official letters from the Environmental Management Department. GA‑SP‑40‑25 (13/02/2024): Initial report to Ms. Nombre01, with a technical description of the case, geospatial survey, coordination with the Dirección de Aguas and CNE, preliminary diagnosis, and photographic evidence. (Attached file, 3 pages — fully recovered). GA‑148‑24 (03/07/2024): Consolidated technical follow-up, findings on erosion, encroachments into the channel (cauce), out-of-code civil structures, records of joint site visits, and the status of the case files. (Included in submission). 1.2 Expanded technical report. Report on Activities of the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Eng. Dayana Morales Agüero: • GIS mapping. • Risk points. • Evidence of illegal discharges. • Encroachments into the protection zone. • Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres micro-watersheds. • Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level. 1.3 Documents from the appellant. Written submission by Ms. Nombre01, received on June 5, 2024, requesting access to reports and institutional follow-up. (Attached as scanned copy provided). 1.4 Inter-institutional reports and proceedings. Official letter DA‑UHTPCOSJ‑2173‑2021 from MINAE‑Dirección de Aguas, concluding that the works in the sector constitute expansions rather than minor works and are encroaching on the channel. (Included). Joint inspections from 2023 (Municipalidad, CNE, MINAE, Ministry of Health) and official letter D.Alc.-055‑2023 requesting a field visit. (Included). CNE‑UIAR‑INF‑0431‑2023 report, with recommendations concerning water permits, complaints, and removal of illegal structures. (Included). 1.5 Prior communications. Official institutional email sent in July 2024 with part of the case file (copies reincorporated herein). 2. Request. On the basis of resolution Res. Nº 2026007067, which requires verification of municipal actions and guarantees compliance with environmental obligations, I respectfully request that the Mayor's Office direct the following: Immediately transfer the complete case file to the Municipal Council, as ordered by the Sala Constitucional. The consolidation of the documents will provide the Council with a complete and updated overview, which is indispensable in the context of a constitutional contempt proceeding. I remain available to provide additional information or elaboration."* (see the statements of the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca and the evidence submitted to the digital case file).
• i)The foregoing official letter was copied to the email account ...01, designated by the appellant as the means for receiving notifications (see the evidence submitted by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, appended to the digital case file).
• j)On **March 25, 2026**, by means of official letter no. GA-GA-90-26, signed by Gustavo Lara Barquero in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, the appellant was informed of the following: *"Subject: Clarification regarding the date of the inspection cited in your motion of June 5, 2024, and renewed submission of the MINAE technical report and the Negrito Micro-Watershed Report. Dear Ms.: Please accept my cordial greetings. In response to your motion submitted on June 5, 2024, and in compliance with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia in the corresponding follow-up proceeding, by which you request the report deriving from the field inspection conducted in April 2024, this formal clarification is issued in order to specify the documentary information contained in the corresponding administrative and judicial case file. 1. Date indicated by the Municipalidad (communication of April 22, 2024). In the institutional email sent by this Municipalidad on April 22, 2024, you were informed of the following: '…on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a field inspection was conducted with staff from the Environmental Management Department and the Dirección de Aguas…'. Based on that communication, you submitted your motion of June 5, 2024, requesting the report corresponding to that inspection. 2. Date recorded by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas. Document DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas and dated July 9, 2024, states in its Third Finding: '…the undersigned, together with officials from the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero and Dayana Morales Agüero, conducted an inspection on April 18 of this year at the site of the events…'. Consequently, the official technical report records the date of the inspection as April 18, 2024. 3. Clarification regarding the discrepancy in dates. Following a comprehensive review of the available documentation, the following is clarified: • There was a single joint inspection, conducted in April 2024. • The Municipalidad recorded the date as April 17, 2024. • The MINAE Dirección de Aguas recorded the same inspection as April 18, 2024. • The one-day discrepancy is due to administrative record-keeping criteria and does not imply the existence of two separate inspections. Accordingly, your motion of June 5, 2024 pertains to the report deriving from that single inspection, regardless of the date recorded by each institution. 4. Clarification regarding the requested report. With respect to your request for a copy of the report deriving from the indicated inspection, it is clarified that the formal document in existence corresponding to that inspection is the technical report issued by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), which is attached to this submission. Additionally, the Municipalidad has the Report on Activities of the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024), which contains supplementary technical information derived from field work. 5. Expanded technical report referenced above. You are also hereby informed of the Report on Activities of the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Eng. Dayana Morales Agüero, which includes: • GIS mapping. • Identification of risk points. • Evidence of illegal discharges. • Identification of encroachments in protection zones. • Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres micro-watersheds. • Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level. 6. Submission of technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024. For your information and records, the following document is hereby reattached: • DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, dated July 9, 2024, issued by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas. This report contains the record of the inspection, identification of works in the channel, collection of field data, photographic material, and assessment of the environmental damage to the stretch of Quebrada Los Negritos. 7. Final observations. This clarification is issued for the purpose of organizing and specifying the existing documentary information, in accordance with what is required in the compliance follow-up proceeding before the Sala Constitucional. It is clarified that: • There is no joint report between the MINAE Dirección de Aguas and the Municipalidad. • The only existing document is the technical report issued by the Dirección de Aguas, deriving from the inspection of April 18, 2024. • The Municipalidad's Watershed Project report exists, along with various related technical and administrative documentation pertaining to the case. It is likewise noted that this Municipalidad has been continuously attending to the motions submitted by you, particularly those of June 5, 2024 and November 2, 2024, by transmitting technical information, diagnoses, environmental assessments, and other related administrative records. Additionally, it is noted that by means of an official letter sent by email on March 10, 2026, addressed to you, a consolidated submission of all documentation and administrative background records of the case was made, in the context of the noncompliance motion filed before the Sala Constitucional (…) That submission was intended to comply with what was ordered by the Sala Constitucional, as well as with what was resolved by the Municipal Council through resolution SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 and what was requested at Ordinary Session No. 07-2024, Article No. 11, Point No. 4, regarding the Nombre01 case and the situation of the micro-watershed Quebrada Los Negritos, Carmiol sector. In this submission, that documentation is hereby reattached for purposes of backup, clarity, and guaranteed access to information."* (see the statements of the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca and the evidence submitted to the digital case file).
• k)The foregoing official letter and documentation were copied to the email account ...01, designated by the appellant as the means for receiving notifications (see the statements of the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca and the evidence submitted to the digital case file).

**III.- Regarding the motion filed.** The Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca reports the compliance actions taken pursuant to judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 hours on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory resolutions nos. 2025031965 of 9:20 hours on October 3, 2025, and 2026007067 of 9:30 hours on February 27, 2026.

This Chamber in judgment no.

2025017905 ordered the following: "(…) ***Enrique Sibaja Granados, Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, and Alex Adrián Mena Valverde are hereby ordered***, in their respective capacities as President of the Council, Environmental Manager (Gestor Ambiental), and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, as well as whoever serves as Mayor (Alcalde) of that corporation, and the Director of Water of the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, to issue the orders within the scope of their respective competencies and ***coordinate everything necessary*** so that, within ***TEN DAYS*** from notification of this judgment, the protected party (amparada) is provided with the report requested on ***June 5 and November 2, 2024*** (…)" (sic).

Subsequently, through interlocutory ruling (resolución interlocutoria) no. 2025031965, this Court ordered the following: "*The contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) is granted. Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that position, as well as whoever holds the positions of President of the Council, the Environmental Manager, and the Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, are reminded of their obligation to comply with what was ordered by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 at 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025,* ***in the sense that the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024, be provided to the petitioner (recurrente)***." Finally, through interlocutory ruling no. 2026007067, this Court ordered the following: "*The compliance motion (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is denied. The contempt motion against the Head of the Risk Investigation and Analysis Unit of the Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE) is granted.* ***Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that position in his place,*** *is reminded of his obligation to comply with what was ordered by this Court in judgment No. 2025017905 at 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025,* ***in the sense that the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024, be provided to the petitioner (…)***." **IV.-** It is appropriate to note what was set out by this Court in considerandos XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XV of judgment no. 2025017905:

"***XI.- On points d) and e) of the subject matter of the appeal: the report requested from the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca.*** *The petitioner stated that on June 5, 2024, she requested a copy of an administrative report from the Department of Environmental Management of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. She also noted that on November 2, 2024, she requested that the council of the respondent territorial corporation deliver the same report.* ***XII.-*** *First, it must be noted that although the Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca claimed that the request was filed on December 2, 2024, the petitioner in fact submitted the document bearing a received stamp dated November 2, 2024.* ***XIII.-*** *From the account of established facts, it follows that on June 5, 2024, Nombre01 filed before the Center for Documentary Management and Information (Centro de Información de Gestión Documental e Información) of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca a letter addressed to the Department of Environmental Management of the corporation, stating: "(…) I request that you immediately provide me with a printed or digital copy of the report you reference in your email, regarding your visit to the site on April 17, 2024 (as you state), and which in your view is required before you can act (…) For any communication or notification relating to this request, I designate the email address ...01 (…)" (sic). On November 2, 2024, Nombre01 filed before the Center for Documentary Management and Information of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca a letter addressed to the Secretary of the Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca, stating: "(…) I request that you provide me with a copy of the report submitted by the Administration pursuant to the above-mentioned agreement (…) For any communication or notification relating to this request, I designate the email address ...01 (…)" (sic); the agreement referred to is the one adopted at ordinary session No. 07/2024, article 11, point 4, of June 17, 2024. On December 4, 2024, attached to an email notified to the petitioner, official letter No. SC-AC-2154-ORD.31-2024 of December 3, 2024, signed by the Secretary of the Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca, was sent, stating: "(…) I have the pleasure of transcribing the matter considered by the Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca at Ordinary Session No. 31/2024, Article No. 4.6., on December 2, 2024, which reads verbatim: ARTICLE 4.—CORRESPONDENCE RECOMMENDED FOR TRANSFER.— 4.6.— THE FOLLOWING MATTER IS TRANSFERRED TO THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR: • Letter signed by Nombre01 to the Concejo Municipal, received date 02-12-2024, no official letter number: request for enforcement status of agreement S.O.N° 7-2024 of June 17, 2024.— HAVING CONSIDERED THE FOREGOING REQUESTS CONTAINED IN THE CHAPTER ON "CORRESPONDENCE RECOMMENDED FOR TRANSFER," THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONCEJO MUNICIPAL SUBMITS THEM TO A VOTE, WHICH ARE DULY APPROVED BY UNANIMOUS DECISION. (COUNCIL MEMBER (NOW IN PERMANENT POSITION) Nombre02 ACHIO VOTES IN SUBSTITUTION OF THE PERMANENT COUNCIL MEMBER Nombre03) (…)" (sic). Subsequently, on February 13, 2025, two days after the initial writ (auto inicial) was notified to the authorities of the respondent Municipality, attached to an email sent to the account ...01, the Department of Environmental Management of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca sent the protected party official letter No. GA-40-25, which stated in detail: "(…) I greet you and would like to refer to the case in question under point 4. Regarding the analysis of the Negritos sub-watershed (microcuenca) in the sector, specifically in Carmiol, I provide the following: Within the comprehensive analysis of the Negritos stream (quebrada) and on the case in question, and as indicated in the request, in the study of the situation of the property (finca) bordering the stream, the permanent body of water in Carmiol, San Pedro. In the study area, the geospatial survey of the sector to be intervened was carried out, together with the monitoring reports from the governing entities (entidades rectoras), both the Dirección de Agua and CNE, and I inform you of the following: Sector under study, and the properties in question within the Negritos stream sector (…) Facts: - That since 2017, follow-up has been conducted appropriately and in a timely manner regarding the case of Nombre01 and this matter, together with related official letters concerning the requested land uses, as well as the various in-person meetings with the mayor at the municipality to discuss said case. - That in the case in question, coordination was conducted with the governing body and official letter DA-UHTPCOSJ-2173-2021 was issued by the Dirección de Aguas, which had already established that the work in question, along with the associated measures, constituted not a minor but a major work, and that the matter involved an expansion rather than maintenance or repair thereof. It also identified the condition noted in the processes of encroachment through civil works within the channel (cauce). Work therefore began on implementing measures for the analysis of this sector of the Negritos stream. - That, as of January 31, 2023, in follow-up to this case and pursuant to official letter from the Mayor's office: D. Alc. 055-2023, the matter was transferred to MINAE, the Dirección de Aguas, and the Comisión de Emergencias for the purpose of convening them for a field visit and analysis of the case of Nombre01 and her property. - For the foregoing reasons, the first actions arising from the field inspection, carried out together with geologist Juan Ignacio Chávez Salas of the Comisión Nacional de Emergencias (CNE), determined: - To analyze the conditions of the structural variables of the current sub-watershed; resulting in the generation of the first diagnostic of the sector covering the area from: the Nadori park to the start of the Carmiol park - Assessment of risk and other factors related to erosive processes, including determination of the holding capacity of the watershed basin. - That the results within the diagnostic indicate that the bottleneck factors affecting the holding capacity of the watershed basin and its flow show that the civil structures within the protection area of the stream have reached the end of their useful life as a defense against processes where ground-bearing capacity is limited, and in other cases fill processes are observed in those lands; as seasonal sub-watersheds, their channel is minimal during the dry season, but during the rainy season it exceeds its capacity, subjecting it to greater pressure and therefore an increase in the tractive force of its flow, thereby intensifying the erosive processes. - That as described in the CNE report dated 2023-05-19/CNE-UIAR-INF-0431-2023, which sets out among the recommendations and actions to be planned, and in fulfillment of these recommendations, in section B: to request the permit from the Dirección de Aguas and to supervise the works within the channel for compliance with established environmental legislation, and likewise in section C: to begin the processes for the corresponding complaints and the elimination of encroaching civil structures or those that do not comply with authorized regulations. - For the foregoing, and in compliance with the CNE's recommendations,* ***the refined information from the diagnostic is used and a field inspection is carried out to verify with the Dirección de Aguas the status of each of the properties in the sector in order to address all legal aspects within its competence as the governing body (ente rector) authorized to approve or deny civil works and to assess their legal status. - We are awaiting the final report and its recommendations in order to proceed in accordance with the binding recommendations to be issued by the governing body and to continue with the property files to provide legal certainty with the objective of improving the environmental quality of the Negritos stream*** *(…)" (sic) (emphasis not in the original).* ***XIV.-*** *In response to the information provided by the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca in the letter of February 13, 2025, the presiding magistrate (magistrado instructor) transferred the matter to the Director of Water of MINAE, who did not submit a report; accordingly, the facts and omissions attributed to him were held as proven, pursuant to article 45 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.* ***XV.-*** *Despite more than 1 year having elapsed with respect to the Department of Environmental Management, and more than 7 months with respect to the Concejo Municipal, the report in question has not been provided, and therefore this Court must intervene with respect to this grievance as well."* **V.-** Now, in light of the foregoing, the Environmental Manager of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca informed the Court of the steps taken to comply with what was ordered in voto no. 2025017905, and reiterated in interlocutory rulings nos. 2025031965 and 2026007067. He stated that through official letter no. GA-GA-90-26 of March 25, 2026, he communicated the following to the petitioner:

"*Subject: Clarification regarding the date of the inspection cited in your request of June 5, 2024, and re-submission of the MINAE technical report and Negritos Sub-watershed Report.* *Dear madam: I extend a warm greeting.* *In response to your request filed on June 5, 2024, and in compliance with what was ordered by the Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia within the corresponding compliance monitoring process, concerning your request for the report derived from the field inspection conducted in April 2024, this formal clarification is issued in order to specify the documentary information on file in the corresponding administrative and judicial record.* *1. Date indicated by the Municipality (communication of April 22, 2024).* *In the email sent by this Municipality on April 22, 2024, you were informed as follows: "…on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a field inspection was carried out with personnel from the Environment department and the Dirección de Aguas…".* *Based on that communication, you filed your request of June 5, 2024, seeking the report corresponding to that inspection.* *2. Date recorded by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas. Document DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas and dated July 9, 2024, states in its Third Finding: "…the undersigned, together with officials of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero and Dayana Morales Agüero, conducted an inspection on April 18 of this year at the site of the events…".* *Accordingly, the official technical report records the date of the inspection as April 18, 2024.* *3. Clarification regarding the difference in dates.* *Following a comprehensive review of the available documentation, the following is clarified: • This involved a single joint inspection, conducted in April 2024.* *• The Municipality recorded the date as April 17, 2024.* *• The MINAE Dirección de Aguas recorded the same inspection as April 18, 2024.* *• The one-day discrepancy is attributable to administrative record-keeping criteria and does not imply the existence of separate inspections.* *Accordingly, your request of June 5, 2024, corresponds to the report derived from that single inspection, regardless of the date recorded by each institution.* *4. Clarification regarding the requested report.* *Regarding your request for a copy of the report derived from the referenced inspection, it is clarified that the formal document on file corresponding to that inspection is the technical report issued by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), which is submitted herewith. Additionally, the Municipality has the Activities Report of the Watershed Recovery Project (2024), which contains complementary technical information derived from field work.* *5. Expanded technical report referenced above.* *Additionally, you are hereby informed of the Activities Report of the Watershed Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Eng. Dayana Morales Agüero, which includes:* *• GIS mapping.* *• Identification of risk points.* *• Evidence of illegal discharges.* *• Identification of encroachments in protection areas.* *• Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres sub-watersheds.* *• Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level.* *6. Submission of technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024.* *For your information and the record, the following document is attached again:* *• DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, dated July 9, 2024, issued by the MINAE Dirección de Aguas.* *This report contains the inspection record, identification of works within the channel, field data collection, photographic material, and environmental damage assessment of the Los Negritos stream segment.* *7. Final observations.* *This clarification is issued for the purpose of organizing and specifying the existing documentary information, as required within the compliance monitoring process before the Sala Constitucional.* *It is clarified that:* *• No joint report between the MINAE Dirección de Aguas and the Municipality exists.* *• Only the technical report issued by the Dirección de Aguas exists, derived from the inspection of April 18, 2024.* *• The Municipality's Watershed Project report prepared by the Municipality also exists, as well as various related technical and administrative documentation concerning the case.* *Likewise, it is hereby recorded that this Municipality has continuously attended to the requests submitted by your person, particularly those of June 5, 2024 and November 2, 2024, by providing technical information, assessments, environmental evaluations (valoraciones ambientales), and other administrative background documents (antecedentes administrativos) linked to the case.* *Additionally, it is hereby recorded that by means of an official communication (oficio) sent by email dated March 10, 2026, addressed to your person, a consolidated transmittal of all documentation and administrative background documents of the case was carried out, the foregoing within the framework of the non-compliance enforcement proceeding (gestión de desobediencia) filed before the Sala Constitucional (…)* *That transmittal was intended to fulfill what was ordered by the Sala Constitucional, as well as what was directed by the Concejo Municipal through agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 and what was requested at Ordinary Session N.º 07-2024, Article N.º 11, Item N.º 4, concerning the case Nombre01 and the situation of the micro-watershed (microcuenca) Quebrada Los Negritos, sector Carmiol.* *In the present proceeding, said documentation is again being transmitted for purposes of backup, clarity, and ensuring access to information.* The aforementioned official communication and documentation were sent with a copy to the account ...01, indicated by the appellant (recurrente) as the means for receiving notifications.

**VI.-** This being the case, having determined that the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca complied with what was ordered in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory rulings (resoluciones interlocutorias) no. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025, and no. 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026, **with respect to the report requested by the appellant on June 5 and November 2, 2024**, the appropriate course of action is to accept said statements of compliance and add them to the record.

**VII.- Documentation Submitted to the Record.** The parties are hereby put on notice that if any paper documents have been submitted, along with any objects or evidence contained on additional electronic, digital, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology devices, these must be retrieved from the court office within a maximum period of 30 business days from notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial," approved by the Corte Plena in session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial in session no. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.

**Por tanto:** The compliance action (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by the Environmental Manager (Gestor Ambiental) of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is hereby accepted, **with respect to the report requested by the appellant on June 5 and November 2, 2024**. Let it be added to the record.

Notice is hereby served.

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Digitally Signed Document -- Verification Code -- Telephones: Telf01 / ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección01, Dirección02, 100 m. South of the Church of Perpetuo Socorro).

--- Res. Nº 2026013242 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours and twenty minutes on the twenty-first of April, two thousand twenty-six.

Compliance motion (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by **GUSTAVO LARA BARQUERO**, in his capacity as **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER (GESTOR AMBIENTAL) OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF MONTES DE OCA.** **Background:** **1.-** By written submission received at the Chamber's Registry and incorporated into the digital file at 13:42 hours on March 25, 2026, Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, states the following: *"(…) In compliance with the order issued by this Constitutional Chamber in resolution No. 2026007067 of 09:30 hours on February 27, 2026, in the above-referenced file, whereby the obligation to provide the petitioner with the report requested in her motions dated June 5 and November 2, 2024, was reiterated, I hereby report the following: 1. Submission of the required report. In compliance with the order issued, the document corresponding to the field inspection carried out in April 2024 was forwarded, identified as: • Technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the Water Directorate (Dirección de Aguas) of MINAE, dated July 9, 2024. • Micro-watershed (microcuenca) report for Quebrada Los Negritos, prepared by the Municipality of Montes de Oca. 2. Certification of delivery and traceability. It is hereby recorded that, by email dated March 10, 2026 (16:08 hours), the documentation was forwarded to the Mayor's Office (Alcaldía), including the required report and other administrative background materials for the case, for the purpose of its transmission to the Municipal Council (Concejo Municipal), in response to agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024, related to the motions filed by the petitioner on June 5 and November 2, 2024. It is likewise recorded that, in that same email chain, the information was sent directly to Ms. Nombre01 by electronic communication dated March 10, 2026 (16:19 hours), ensuring her access to the corresponding documentation. (…) Additionally, on March 25, 2026, a formal official letter was issued to the petitioner, by which: • The corresponding report is expressly identified. • Information relating to the inspection is clarified. • The existing documentation, previously sent on March 10, 2026, is re-submitted. (…) Likewise, supplementary technical documentation was provided, including: • Technical reports from MINAE's Water Directorate. • Diagnostics of the Quebrada Los Negritos micro-watershed. • Activity Report for the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024). • Institutional correspondence and related municipal agreements. On the basis of the foregoing, the undersigned hereby complies with the order issued by this Constitutional Chamber with regard to the delivery of the report requested by the petitioner. The institution's commitment to continue addressing any additional requirements that this Court may deem pertinent is hereby reiterated. In light of the foregoing, this Honorable Court is respectfully requested to find compliance with the order duly established, and consequently, to dismiss the contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) filed in this proceeding and order its archiving.* The confirmation receipts for the sent emails are attached as supporting evidence of the foregoing.

**2.-** The legal requirements have been observed in the proceedings conducted.

The opinion is drafted by Justice **Araya García**; and, **Considering:** **I.- Subject Matter.** The Environmental Officer (Gestor Ambiental) of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca reports on the compliance measures taken pursuant to the orders set forth in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory orders (resoluciones interlocutorias) nos. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025, and 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026.

**II.- Proven facts.** For the purposes of deciding this matter, the following facts are deemed duly established:

**a)** By means of judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on **June 13, 2025**, this Chamber ruled as follows: *"The appeal is declared **granted**. The person holding the office of Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is ordered to issue such directives as fall within the scope of that office's competencies and to coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of **TWO MONTHS** from notification of this judgment, the petition filed by the appellant on **April 8, 2024** is fully, definitively, and lawfully resolved. David Chavarría Monge, in his capacity as Acting Executive Director of SINAC, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to issue such directives as fall within the scope of that office's competencies and to coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of **TWO MONTHS** from notification of this judgment, the petition filed by the appellant on **May 8, 2024** is fully, definitively, and lawfully resolved. Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, or whoever holds that office, is ordered to issue such directives as fall within the scope of that office's competencies and to coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of **TWO MONTHS** from notification of this judgment, the petition filed by the appellant on **June 17, 2024** is fully, definitively, and lawfully resolved. Enrique Sibaja Granados, Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, and Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, in their respective capacities as Council President, Environmental Officer, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, as well as whoever serves as Mayor of said corporation and as Director of Water of the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), are ordered to issue such directives as fall within the scope of their competencies and to **coordinate everything necessary** so that, within a period of **TEN DAYS** from notification of this judgment, the appellant is provided with the report requested on **June 5 and November 2, 2024**. The respondent authorities are hereby warned that, pursuant to article 71 of the Law governing this Jurisdiction, imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order — which that person must comply with or cause to be complied with — issued in an amparo appeal (recurso de amparo) and fails to comply with it or cause it to be complied with, provided the offense is not more severely penalized under another provision. **The State and the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca are condemned to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts underlying this declaration, which shall be assessed in the enforcement proceedings before the contentious-administrative court.** Justice Salazar Alvarado dissents and votes to deny the appeal, on the grounds that it falls to the ordinary courts — specifically the contentious-administrative court — to determine whether the administrative acts and conduct complained of are or are not, in substance, consistent with the provisions of the legal framework at the statutory level regarding the protection, guardianship, and conservation of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. Notify"* (the case file).

**b)** On **June 17, 2025**, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC, the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, and the Water Directorate of MINAE were notified of judgment no. 22025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025 (see notification records appended to the digital case file).

**c)** By means of interlocutory order no. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on **October 3, 2025**, this Chamber ordered the following: *"The contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) is granted. Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, as well as those holding the positions of Council President, Environmental Officer, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, are reminded to comply with what was ordered by this Chamber in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, **to the effect that the appellant be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024**. The foregoing is issued with the warning that, if noncompliance is established, an administrative proceeding may be opened against the official who fails to comply with what has been resolved by this Chamber, and, in addition, the case file may be forwarded to the Ministerio Público for the possible commission of the offense of contempt (articles 53 and 71 of the law on constitutional jurisdiction). **Notice shall be served in person on Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office, as well as on those holding the positions of Council President, Environmental Officer, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca**"* (the case file).

**d)** On **October 13, 2025**, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca were personally served with interlocutory order no. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025 (see notification records appended to the digital case file).

**e)** By means of interlocutory order no. 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on **February 27, 2026**, this Tribunal ordered the following: *"The compliance motion (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by the Environmental Officer of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is denied. The contempt motion against the Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE is granted. **Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Officer of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, or whoever holds that office,** is reminded to comply with what was ordered by this Chamber in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, **to the effect that the appellant be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024.** Likewise, **Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, or whoever holds that office,** is reminded to comply with what was ordered by this Chamber in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, **to the effect that the petition filed by the appellant on June 17, 2024 be fully, definitively, and lawfully resolved.** The foregoing is issued with the warning that, if noncompliance is established, an administrative proceeding may be opened against the official who fails to comply with what has been resolved by this Chamber, and, in addition, the case file may be forwarded to the Ministerio Público for the possible commission of the offense of contempt (articles 53 and 71 of the law on constitutional jurisdiction). **Notice shall be served in person on Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Officer of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, and on Lidier Esquivel Valverde, in his capacity as Head of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE, or on whoever holds those offices in their stead**"* (the case file).

**f)** On **March 3, 2026**, the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca were personally served with interlocutory order no. 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026 (see notification records appended to the digital case file).

**g)** On **March 5, 2026**, the authorities of the Risk Research and Analysis Unit of CNE were personally served with interlocutory order no. 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026 (see notification records appended to the digital case file).

**h)** On **March 10, 2026**, by means of official communication no. GA-GA-77-26, signed by Gustavo Lara Barquero in his capacity as Environmental Officer of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, the Mayor of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca was informed of the following: *"In compliance with the order issued by the Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, by means of resolution: Exp: 25‑003244‑0007‑CO Res. Nº 2026007067 San José, February 27, 2026, 09:30 hours, concerning the contempt motion filed by Nombre01 against the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC, and CNE, I hereby submit, in consolidated form, the entirety of the administrative documentation and background materials pertaining to the case, so that the Mayor's Office may proceed to transfer the complete case file to the Municipal Council in accordance with agreement SC‑AC‑0559‑ORD.07‑2024 and with the orders issued by the Chamber. Additionally, this submission is made pursuant to the request of the Municipal Council in Ordinary Session No. 07‑2024, Article No. 11, Item No. 4, regarding the Nombre01 case and the situation of the sub-watershed (microcuenca) Quebrada Los Negritos, sector Carmiol. 1. Documents submitted. The following are the documents incorporated into the case file that are hereby resubmitted in their entirety: 1.1 Communications from the Environmental Management Department. GA‑SP‑40‑25 (13/02/2024): Initial report to Nombre01, with a technical description of the case, geospatial survey, coordination with the Water Directorate and CNE, preliminary assessment, and photographic evidence. (Attached file, 3 pages — fully recovered). GA‑148‑24 (03/07/2024): Consolidated technical follow-up, findings on erosion, encroachments on the watercourse (cauce), civil structures out of compliance, records of joint site visits, and status of the case files. (Included in submission). 1.2 Expanded technical report. Activity Report on the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Engineer Dayana Morales Agüero: • GIS mapping. • Risk points. • Evidence of illegal discharges. • Encroachments on the protection zone. • Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres sub-watersheds. • Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the canton level. 1.3 Documents from the appellant. Written submission by Nombre01, received on June 5, 2024, requesting access to the reports and institutional follow-up. (Attached as a scanned copy provided). 1.4 Inter-institutional reports and actions. Official communication DA‑UHTPCOSJ‑2173‑2021 from MINAE-Water Directorate, concluding that the works in the area constitute expansions rather than minor works, thereby constituting encroachments on the watercourse. (Included). Joint inspections conducted in 2023 (Municipalidad, CNE, MINAE, Ministerio de Salud) and official communication D.Alc.-055‑2023 requesting a field visit. (Included). Report CNE‑UIAR‑INF‑0431‑2023, with recommendations regarding water permits, complaints, and removal of illegal structures. (Included). 1.5 Prior communications. Institutional email sent in July 2024 with part of the case file (copies are re-incorporated herein). 2. Request. On the basis of resolution Res. Nº 2026007067, which requires verification of municipal actions and guarantees compliance with environmental obligations, I respectfully request that the Mayor's Office arrange: To immediately transfer the complete case file to the Municipal Council, as ordered by the Sala Constitucional. The consolidation of the documents will provide the Council with a complete and up-to-date overview, which is indispensable given the pending constitutional contempt proceeding.* "I remain available to provide additional information or supplementary details" (see statements from the Environmental Manager (Gestor Ambiental) of the Municipality of Montes de Oca and evidence submitted to the digital case file (expediente digital)).

• i)The preceding official letter (oficio) was sent with a copy to the account ...01, designated by the appellant (recurrente) as the means for receiving notifications (see the evidence submitted by the Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, added to the digital case file).
• j)On **March 25, 2026**, through official letter no. GA-GA-90-26, signed by Gustavo Lara Barquero in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, he communicated the following to the appellant: *"Re: Clarification regarding the date of the inspection referenced in your request of June 5, 2024, and re-submission of the MINAE technical report and Negrito Micro-Watersheds Report. Dear Ms.: I extend my cordial greetings. In response to your request submitted on June 5, 2024, and in compliance with the order issued by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice within the corresponding compliance-monitoring proceeding, through which you requested the report derived from the field inspection conducted in April 2024, this formal clarification is hereby issued in order to specify the documentary information on record in the corresponding administrative and judicial file. 1. Date indicated by the Municipality (communication of April 22, 2024). In the email sent by this Municipality on April 22, 2024, you were informed of the following: '…on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a field inspection was conducted with personnel from the Environment Department and the Water Directorate…'. Based on that communication, you submitted your request of June 5, 2024, seeking the report corresponding to that inspection. 2. Date recorded by the MINAE Water Directorate. Document DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the MINAE Water Directorate and dated July 9, 2024, states in its Third Finding: '…the undersigned, together with officials of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero and Dayana Morales Agüero, conducted an inspection on April 18 of the current year at the site of the facts…'. Consequently, the official technical report records the date of the inspection as April 18, 2024. 3. Clarification regarding the discrepancy in dates. Following a comprehensive review of the available documentation, the following is clarified: • This was a single joint inspection, conducted in April 2024. • The Municipality recorded the date as April 17, 2024. • The MINAE Water Directorate recorded the same inspection as April 18, 2024. • The one-day discrepancy is due to administrative record-keeping criteria and does not imply that two separate inspections took place. Accordingly, your request of June 5, 2024, corresponds to the report derived from that single inspection, regardless of the date recorded by each institution. 4. Clarification regarding the report requested. With respect to your request for a copy of the report derived from the indicated inspection, it is clarified that the formal document in existence corresponding to that inspection is the technical report issued by the MINAE Water Directorate (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), which is forwarded herewith. Additionally, the Municipality has the Activities Report of the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024), which contains supplementary technical information derived from the field work carried out. 5. Expanded technical report referenced above. You are also hereby informed of the Activities Report of the Watershed and Recovery Project (2024), prepared by Engineer Dayana Morales Agüero, which includes: • GIS mapping. • Identification of risk points. • Evidence of illegal discharges. • Identification of encroachments in protected areas (áreas de protección). • Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres micro-watersheds (microcuencas). • Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level. 6. Submission of technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024. For your information and records, the following document is again attached: • DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, dated July 9, 2024, issued by the MINAE Water Directorate. This report contains the record of the inspection, identification of works in the streambed (cauce), field data collection, photographic material, and the assessment of the environmental damage to the stretch of the Quebrada Los Negritos. 7. Closing observations. This clarification is issued for the purpose of organizing and specifying the existing documentary information, as required within the compliance-monitoring proceeding before the Constitutional Chamber. It is clarified that: • No joint report between the MINAE Water Directorate and the Municipality exists. • Only the technical report issued by the Water Directorate, derived from the April 18, 2024, inspection, exists. • The Municipality's Watershed Project Report exists, as does various related technical and administrative documentation. It is likewise noted that this Municipality has been continuously attending to the requests submitted by you, particularly those of June 5, 2024, and November 2, 2024, through the submission of technical information, assessments, environmental evaluations, and other administrative background materials related to the case. It is further noted that through an official letter sent by email dated March 10, 2026, addressed to you, a consolidated submission of all documentation and administrative background for the case was made, within the framework of the contempt motion (gestión de desobediencia) filed before the Constitutional Chamber (…) That submission was aimed at complying with the order of the Constitutional Chamber, as well as with the resolution of the Municipal Council through agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 and as requested at Regular Session No. 07-2024, Article No. 11, Item No. 4, regarding the Nombre01 case and the situation of the micro-watershed Quebrada Los Negritos, Carmiol sector. In the present communication, that documentation is again being submitted for purposes of evidentiary support, clarity, and guaranteeing access to information"* (see statements from the Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca and evidence submitted to the digital case file).
• k)The preceding official letter and documentation were sent with a copy to the account ...01, designated by the appellant as the means for receiving notifications (see statements from the Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca and evidence submitted to the digital case file).

**III.- Regarding the motion filed.** The Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca reports the compliance steps taken as ordered in judgment no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory rulings (resoluciones interlocutorias) nos. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025, and 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026.

This Chamber, in judgment no. 2025017905, ordered the following: *"(…) It is ordered that Enrique Sibaja Granados, Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, and Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, in their respective capacities as President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, as well as whoever serves as Mayor of that body and as Director of Water of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, issue the orders within the scope of their competencies and* ***coordinate all that is necessary*** *so that, within* ***TEN DAYS*** *from notification of this judgment, the protected party (amparada) is provided with the report requested on* ***June 5 and November 2, 2024*** *(…)"* (sic).

Subsequently, through interlocutory ruling no. 2025031965, this Chamber ordered the following: *"The contempt motion is granted. It is reiterated to Domingo Argüello García, in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, or to whoever holds that position, as well as to whoever holds the positions of President of the Council, Environmental Manager, and Administrator of the Inspection Unit, all of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, that they comply with what was ordered by this Chamber in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025,* ***in the sense that the appellant be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024***"*.

Finally, through interlocutory ruling no. 2026007067, this Tribunal ordered the following: *"The compliance motion (gestión de cumplimiento) filed by the Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca is not granted. The contempt motion against the Head of the Risk Investigation and Analysis Unit of CNE is granted. It is reiterated* ***to Gustavo Lara Barquero, in his capacity as Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, or to whoever holds that position in his place,*** *that he comply with what was ordered by this Chamber in judgment No. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025,* ***in the sense that the appellant be provided with the report requested on June 5 and November 2, 2024 (…)***"*.

**IV.-** It is appropriate to note what was ordered by this Chamber in considerandos XI, XII, XIII, XIV, and XV of judgment no. 2025017905:

*"**XI.- Regarding points d) and e) of the subject matter of the appeal: the report requested from the Municipality of Montes de Oca.** The appellant stated that on June 5, 2024, she requested a copy of an administrative report from the Environmental Management Department of the Municipality of Montes de Oca. She further noted that on November 2, 2024, she requested delivery of the same report from the Council of the respondent territorial body.* ***XII.-** First, it must be noted that while the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca claimed that the request was submitted on December 2, 2024, the fact is that the appellant provided the document bearing a received stamp dated November 2, 2024.* ***XIII.-** From the account of proven facts, it follows that on June 5, 2024, Nombre01 submitted to the Document Management and Information Center of the Municipality of Montes de Oca an official letter addressed to the Environmental Management Department of that body, in which she stated: "(…) I request that you immediately provide me with a printed or digital copy of the report to which you refer in your email, in connection with your visit to the site on April 17, 2024 (as you indicate), and which, in your opinion, you need in order to take action (…) For any communication or notification arising from this request, I designate the email address ...01 (…)" (sic). On November 2, 2024, Nombre01 submitted to the Document Management and Information Center of the Municipality of Montes de Oca an official letter addressed to the Secretary of the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca, in which she stated: "(…) I request that you provide me with a copy of the report that the Administration submitted in connection with the aforementioned resolution (…) For any communication or notification arising from this request, I designate the email address ...01 (…)" (sic); the resolution referred to is the one adopted at Regular Session No. 07/2024, Article 11, Item 4, dated June 17, 2024. On December 4, 2024, attached to an email notified to the appellant, official letter No. SC-AC-2154-ORD.31-2024 of December 3, 2024, signed by the Secretary of the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca, was forwarded, stating: "(…) I have the pleasure of transcribing the matter considered by the Municipal Council of Montes de Oca at Regular Session No. 31/2024, Article No. 4.6, on December 2, 2024, which reads verbatim: ARTICLE 4.—Correspondence Recommended for Referral.— 4.6.— The following matter is referred to the MUNICIPAL MAYOR, which reads: • Note signed by Ms. Nombre01 to the Municipal Council, with a received date of 12-02-2024, without an official letter number: request for the status of execution of resolution S.O.N° 7-2024 of 17-6-2024.— HAVING CONSIDERED THE FOREGOING REQUESTS CONTAINED IN THE CHAPTER ON 'CORRESPONDENCE RECOMMENDED FOR REFERRAL,' THE PRESIDENT OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL PUTS THEM TO A VOTE, HAVING BEEN DULY APPROVED BY UNANIMOUS DECISION. (COUNCIL MEMBER (CURRENTLY SERVING AS FULL MEMBER) Nombre02 ACHIO VOTING IN SUBSTITUTION OF FULL COUNCIL MEMBER Nombre03) (…)" (sic). Subsequently, on February 13, 2025, two days after the initial procedural order (auto inicial) was notified to the authorities of the respondent Municipality, attached to an email sent to the account ...01, the Environmental Management Department of the Municipality of Montes de Oca forwarded to the protected party official letter No. GA-40-25, which detailed: "(…) I greet you and wish to address the matter in question under Item 4. Regarding the analysis of the Negritos micro-watershed in the specific Carmiol sector, I inform you of the following: As part of the comprehensive analysis of the study of the Quebrada Los Negritos and the matter in question, and as indicated in the request, concerning the study of the situation of the property adjoining the stream (quebrada), the permanent body of water in Carmiol, San Pedro: A geospatial survey was conducted in the study area for the sector to be addressed, together with monitoring reports from the regulatory authorities (entes rectores), both the Water Directorate and CNE, and I inform you of the following: The sector under study and the properties in question within the Quebrada Los Negritos sector (…) Facts: — That since 2017, follow-up has been conducted in proper form and in a timely manner with respect to the case of Ms. Nombre01 regarding this matter, along with the related official letters concerning both the requested land uses and the various in-person meetings with the Mayor at the municipality to discuss the case. — That in connection with this case, coordination was carried out alongside the regulatory authority, and official letter DA-UHTPCOSJ-2173-2021 from the Water Directorate was issued, which had already established that not only the work in question but also the measures involved were not minor works but major works, constituting an expansion rather than maintenance or repair thereof. It also noted the condition identified as encroachment by civil works within the streambed. As a result, measures began to be implemented for the analysis of this sector of the Quebrada Negritos. — That as of January 31, 2023, in follow-up to this case and pursuant to official letter D. Alc. 055-2023 from the Mayor's Office, a referral was made to MINAE, the Water Directorate, and the Emergency Commission for the purpose of convening them for a field visit to analyze the case of Ms. Nombre01 and her property. — For the foregoing reasons, the initial actions concluded from the field inspection together with geologist Juan Ignacio Chávez Salas of CNE determine: — Analyzing the structural variable conditions of the current micro-watershed; and to that end, the first assessment of the sector was produced, covering the stretch from the Nadori park to the beginning of the Carmiol park. — Assessment of risk and other factors related to erosion processes, including the determination of the watershed basin capacity. — That from the results of the assessment, which indicates that the bottleneck factors affecting the basin capacity and its flow—where the civil structures within the protected area (área de protección) of the stream have outlived their useful life as a defense against processes of low ground-bearing capacity, and in other cases landfill processes are observed—given that these are seasonal micro-watersheds whose streamflow in the dry season is minimal but during the rainy season exceeds their capacity, they are subjected to greater pressure and therefore an increase in the erosive force of their flow, thereby exacerbating the erosion processes. — That as described in the CNE report dated 2023-05-19/CNE-UIAR-INF-0431-2023, which mentions within its recommendations and planned actions: in section B, requesting a permit from the Water Directorate and overseeing works within the streambed for compliance with established environmental legislation; and in section C, initiating the processes for the relevant complaints and the removal of encroaching civil structures or those that do not comply with the authorized regulations. — For the foregoing reasons, and in compliance with the CNE recommendations,* ***the refined information from the assessment was used and a field inspection was carried out to verify with the Water Directorate the condition of each of the properties in the sector, with the aim of addressing all legal aspects within its competence as the regulatory authority to authorize or not authorize civil works and to study their legal status. We are awaiting the final report and its recommendations in order to proceed in accordance with the binding orders to be issued by the regulatory authority and to continue with the files for the properties to ensure legal certainty with the objective of improving the environmental quality of the Quebrada Los Negritos*** *(…)" (sic) (emphasis not in the original).* ***XIV.-** In response to the statement made by the Municipality of Montes de Oca in the official letter of February 13, 2025, the presiding magistrate transferred the matter to the MINAE Water Director, who did not submit a report; as a result, the facts and omissions attributed to him were deemed proven, pursuant to Article 45 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law.* ***XV.-** Despite more than 1 year having elapsed with respect to the Environmental Management Department, and more than 7 months with respect to the Municipal Council, the report in question has not been provided; therefore, this Tribunal must also intervene with regard to this grievance".* **V.-** Now, in light of the foregoing, the Environmental Manager of the Municipality of Montes de Oca reported to the Chamber the steps taken in order to comply with what was ordered in ruling no. 2025017905, and as reiterated in interlocutory rulings nos. 2025031965 and 2026007067. He indicated that through official letter no. GA-GA-90-26 of March 25, 2026, he communicated the following to the appellant:

*"Re: Clarification regarding the date of the inspection referenced in your request of June 5, 2024, and re-submission of the MINAE technical report and Negrito Micro-Watersheds Report.* *Dear Ms.: I extend my cordial greetings.* *In response to your petition submitted on June 5, 2024, and in compliance with the order issued by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice (Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia) within the corresponding compliance-monitoring proceeding, through which you requested the report arising from the field inspection (inspección de campo) conducted in April 2024, this formal clarification is issued for the purpose of specifying the documentary information contained in the corresponding administrative and judicial file.* *1. Date indicated by the Municipality (communication of April 22, 2024).* *In the email sent by this Municipality on April 22, 2024, you were informed of the following: "…on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a field inspection was conducted with officials from the Environment Department and the Dirección de Aguas…."* *Based on that communication, you submitted your request of June 5, 2024, seeking the report corresponding to said inspection.* *2. Date recorded by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE. Document DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, issued by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE and dated July 9, 2024, states in its Third Finding: "…the undersigned, together with officials of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero and Dayana Morales Agüero, conducted an inspection on April 18 of the present year at the site of the events…."* *Accordingly, the official technical report (informe técnico) records the date of the inspection as April 18, 2024.* *3. Clarification regarding the discrepancy in dates.* *Following a comprehensive review of the available documentation, the following is clarified: • This concerns a single joint inspection, carried out in April 2024.* *• The Municipality recorded the date as April 17, 2024.* *• The Dirección de Aguas of MINAE recorded the same inspection as having taken place on April 18, 2024.* *• The one-day discrepancy is attributable to administrative recording criteria and does not imply the existence of two separate inspections.* *Accordingly, your petition of June 5, 2024 corresponds to the report arising from that single inspection, regardless of the date recorded by each institution.* *4. Clarification regarding the requested report.* *With respect to your request for a copy of the report arising from said inspection, it is clarified that the formal document in existence corresponding to that inspection is the technical report issued by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), which is transmitted herewith. Additionally, the Municipality holds the Activity Report of the Watershed and Restoration Project (2024) (Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación), which contains complementary technical information derived from the fieldwork carried out.* *5. Expanded technical report referenced above.* *Also brought to your attention is the Activity Report of the Watershed and Restoration Project (2024), prepared by Eng. Dayana Morales Agüero, which includes:* *• GIS mapping.* *• Identification of risk points.* *• Evidence of illegal discharges (vertidos ilegales).* *• Identification of encroachments in protection zones (áreas de protección).* *• Photographic record of the Negritos, Ocloro, and Torres sub-watersheds (microcuencas).* *• Environmental conclusions and recommendations at the cantonal level.* *6. Transmittal of technical report DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024.* *For your information and record, the following document is attached again:* *• DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, dated July 9, 2024, issued by the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE.* *This report contains the record of the inspection, identification of works in the streambed (cauce), field data collection (levantamiento de datos de campo), photographic material, and the assessment of environmental damage (valoración del daño ambiental) in the section of the quebrada Los Negritos.* *7. Final observations.* *This clarification is issued for the purpose of organizing and specifying the existing documentary information, as required within the compliance-monitoring proceeding before the Constitutional Chamber.* *It is clarified that:* *• No joint report exists between the Dirección de Aguas of MINAE and the Municipality.* *• The only existing document is the technical report issued by the Dirección de Aguas, arising from the inspection of April 18, 2024.* *• The Municipality's Watershed Project report also exists, as does various technical and administrative documentation related to the case.* *Furthermore, it is placed on record that this Municipality has been continuously addressing the petitions submitted by you, particularly those of June 5, 2024 and November 2, 2024, through the transmittal of technical information, assessments, environmental evaluations, and other administrative background materials related to the case.* *Additionally, it is placed on record that, by means of an official communication sent by email dated March 10, 2026, addressed to you, a consolidated transmittal of the entirety of the documentation and administrative background materials of the case was made, the foregoing within the framework of the contempt proceeding (gestión de desobediencia) filed before the Constitutional Chamber (…)* *Said transmittal was made for the purpose of complying with the order issued by the Constitutional Chamber, as well as with the resolution adopted by the Municipal Council through agreement SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 and the matter requested in Ordinary Session No. 07-2024, Article No. 11, Item No. 4, concerning the case Nombre01 and the situation of the sub-watershed Quebrada Los Negritos, Carmiol sector.* *In the present communication, said documentation is again transmitted for purposes of backup, clarity, and guaranteed access to information."* The foregoing official communication and documentation were sent with a copy to the account [email protected], indicated by the petitioner (recurrente) as the means for receiving notifications.

**VI.-** That being the case, having determined that the authorities of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca complied with what was ordered in judgment (sentencia) no. 2025017905 of 9:20 a.m. on June 13, 2025, and as reiterated in interlocutory rulings (resoluciones interlocutorias) no. 2025031965 of 9:20 a.m. on October 3, 2025, and no. 2026007067 of 9:30 a.m. on February 27, 2026, **with respect to the report requested by the petitioner on June 5 and November 2, 2024**, the appropriate course of action is to accept said representations of compliance and add them to their records.

**VII.- Documentation submitted to the file.** The parties are notified that if any document in paper form, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, informatic, magnetic, optical, telematic, or new-technology device have been submitted, these must be retrieved from the court office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not retrieved within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial," approved by the Plenary Court (Corte Plena) in session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI, and published in Boletín Judicial no. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement adopted by the Superior Council of the Judiciary (Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial) in session no. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.

**Por tanto:** The compliance proceeding filed by the Environmental Officer (Gestor Ambiental) of the Municipalidad de Montes de Oca is accepted, **with respect to the report requested by the petitioner on June 5 and November 2, 2024**. Let it be added to their records.

Notice is hereby served.

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Salazar A.

[signature image] Jorge Araya G.

[signature image] Anamari Garro V.

[signature image] Ingrid Hess H.

Digitally Signed Document -- Verification Code -- Telephone: Telf01 / ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección01, Dirección02, 100 m south of the Iglesia del Perpetuo Socorro).

EV Generación de Machote: D:\Gestion-Judicial\Servidor de Archivos\MODELOS\S4SENAMH002.dpj  Res. Nº 2026013242 SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del veintiuno de abril de dos mil veintiseis .

Gestión de cumplimiento planteada por GUSTAVO LARA BARQUERO, en su condición de GESTOR AMBIENTAL DE LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE MONTES DE OCA.

Resultando:

1.- Por escrito recibido en la Secretaría de la Sala e incorporado al expediente digital a las 13:42 horas del 25 de marzo de 2026, Gustavo Lara Barquero, en su condición de Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, manifiesta lo siguiente: “(…) En atención a lo dispuesto por esa Sala Constitucional en la resolución N.º 2026007067 de las 09:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026, dentro del expediente indicado, mediante la cual se reitera la obligación de facilitar a la recurrente el informe requerido en sus gestiones de fechas 5 de junio y 2 de noviembre de 2024, me permito informar lo siguiente: 1. Remisión del informe requerido. En cumplimiento de lo ordenado, se procedió a remitir el documento correspondiente a la inspección de campo realizada en abril de 2024, identificado como: • Informe técnico DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), de fecha 9 de julio de 2024. • Informe de Microcuencas Quebrada Los Negritos, elaborado por la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. 2. Acreditación de entrega y trazabilidad Se hace constar que, mediante correo electrónico de fecha 10 de marzo de 2026 (16:08 horas), se realizó la remisión de la documentación al despacho de la Alcaldía, incluyendo el informe requerido y demás antecedentes administrativos del caso, con el fin de su traslado al Concejo Municipal, en atención al acuerdo SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024, relacionado con las gestiones planteadas por la recurrente en fechas 5 de junio y 2 de noviembre de 2024. Asimismo, se deja constancia de que en esa misma cadena de correos se remitió la información directamente a la señora Nombre01, mediante comunicación electrónica de fecha 10 de marzo de 2026 (16:19 horas), garantizando su acceso a la documentación correspondiente. (…) Adicionalmente, en fecha 25 de marzo de 2026, se emitió oficio formal dirigido a la recurrente, mediante el cual se: • Identifica expresamente el informe correspondiente. • Se aclara la información relacionada con la inspección. • Se remite nuevamente la documentación existente, previamente enviada el 10 de marzo de 2026. (…) Asimismo, se facilitó documentación técnica complementaria, incluyendo: • Informes técnicos de la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE. • Diagnósticos de la microcuenca Quebrada Los Negritos. • Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024). • Oficios institucionales y acuerdos municipales vinculados. Con lo anterior, el suscrito procede a dar cumplimiento a lo ordenado por esa Sala Constitucional, en cuanto a la entrega del informe requerido por la recurrente. Se reitera la disposición institucional de continuar atendiendo cualquier requerimiento adicional que ese Tribunal estime pertinente. Con fundamento en lo expuesto, se solicita respetuosamente a ese Honorable Tribunal tener por acreditado el cumplimiento de lo ordenado, y en consecuencia, rechazar la gestión de desobediencia formulada en el presente expediente y ordenar su archivo. Se adjuntan los comprobantes de los correos electrónicos enviados como respaldo de lo indicado”.

2.- En los procedimientos seguidos se han observado las prescripciones legales.

Redacta el Magistrado Araya García; y,

Considerando:

I.- Objeto. El Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, comunica las gestiones de cumplimiento realizadas según lo ordenado en la sentencia no. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, y lo reiterado en las resoluciones interlocutorias nos. 2025031965 de las 9:20 horas del 3 de octubre de 2025, y 2026007067 de las 9:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026.

II.- Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:

• a)Mediante la sentencia no. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, esta Sala resolvió lo siguiente: “Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a quien ocupe el cargo de Alcalde de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, girar las órdenes que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y coordinar lo necesario para que, dentro del plazo de DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se resuelva de forma completa, definitiva y conforme a Derecho corresponda, la gestión formulada por la recurrente el 8 de abril de 2024. Se ordena a David Chavarría Monge, en su condición de Director Ejecutivo a.i. del Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC), o a quien en su lugar ocupe ese cargo, girar las órdenes que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y coordinar lo necesario para que, dentro del plazo de DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se resuelva de forma completa, definitiva y conforme a Derecho corresponda, la gestión formulada por la recurrente el 8 de mayo de 2024. Se ordena a Lidier Esquivel Valverde, en su condición de Jefe de la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE), o a quien en su lugar ocupe ese cargo, girar las órdenes que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y coordinar lo necesario para que, dentro del plazo de DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se resuelva de forma completa, definitiva y conforme a Derecho corresponda, la gestión formulada por la recurrente el 17 de junio de 2024. Se ordena a Enrique Sibaja Granados, a Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, a Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, en sus calidades respectivas de Presidente del Concejo, Gestor Ambiental, y Administrador de la Unidad de Inspección, todos de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, así como a quienes funjan como Alcalde de dicha corporación, y Director de Agua del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, girar las órdenes que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y coordinar todo lo necesario para que, dentro del plazo de DIEZ DÍAS, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se facilite a la amparada el informe requerido el 5 de junio y el 2 de noviembre de 2024. Se advierte a las autoridades recurridas que de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de esta Jurisdicción, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado y a la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado salva el voto y declara sin lugar el recurso, por corresponderle a la jurisdicción ordinaria, en específico, a la contencioso administrativa, determinar si las actuaciones y conductas administrativas acusadas se ajustan o no, en sustancia, a lo preceptuado en el ordenamiento jurídico de rango legal, en cuanto a la protección, tutela y conservación del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Notifíquese” (los autos).
• b)El 17 de junio de 2025, se notificó a las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, al Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, a la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias, y a la Dirección de Agua del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, la sentencia no. 22025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025 (ver actas de notificación agregadas al expediente digital).
• c)Mediante la resolución interlocutoria no. 2025031965 de las 9:20 horas del 3 de octubre de 2025, esta Sala dispuso lo siguiente: “Se acoge la gestión de desobediencia. Se reitera a Domingo Argüello García, en su condición de Alcalde de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, o a quien ocupe el cargo, así como a quienes ostenten los puestos de Presidente del Concejo, el Gestor Ambiental, y el Administrador de la Unidad de Inspección, todos de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, que den cumplimiento a lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, en el sentido de que se facilite a la recurrente el informe requerido el 5 de junio y el 2 de noviembre de 2024. Lo anterior, bajo la advertencia que, de acreditarse la desobediencia, se podrá ordenar la apertura de un procedimiento administrativo contra el funcionario remiso a cumplir con lo resuelto por esta Sala y, además, ordenar testimoniar piezas ante el Ministerio Público por la eventual comisión del delito de desobediencia (artículos 53 y 71 de la ley de la jurisdicción constitucional). Notifíquese en forma personal a Domingo Argüello García, en su condición de Alcalde de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, o a quien ocupe el cargo, así como a quienes ostenten los puestos de Presidente del Concejo, el Gestor Ambiental, y el Administrador de la Unidad de Inspección, todos de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca” (los autos).
• d)El 13 de octubre de 2025, se notificó en forma personal a las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, la resolución interlocutoria no. 2025031965 de las 9:20 horas del 3 de octubre de 2025 (ver actas de notificación agregadas al expediente digital).
• e)Mediante la resolución interlocutoria no. 2026007067 de las 9:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026, este Tribunal dispuso lo siguiente: “No ha lugar a la gestión de cumplimiento planteada por el Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. Se acoge la gestión de desobediencia en contra del Jefe de la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE). Se reitera a Gustavo Lara Barquero, en su condición de Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, o a quien ocupen en su lugar ocupe ese cargo, que dé cumplimiento a lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, en el sentido de que se facilite a la recurrente el informe requerido el 5 de junio y el 2 de noviembre de 2024. Asimismo, se le reitera a Lidier Esquivel Valverde, en su condición de Jefe de la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE), o a quien ocupe el cargo que, que dé cumplimiento a lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, en el sentido de que se resuelva de forma completa, definitiva y conforme a Derecho corresponda, la gestión formulada por la recurrente el 17 de junio de 2024. Lo anterior, bajo la advertencia que, de acreditarse la desobediencia, se podrá ordenar la apertura de un procedimiento administrativo contra el funcionario remiso a cumplir con lo resuelto por esta Sala y, además, ordenar testimoniar piezas ante el Ministerio Público por la eventual comisión del delito de desobediencia (artículos 53 y 71 de la ley de la jurisdicción constitucional). Notifíquese en forma personal a Gustavo Lara Barquero, en su condición de Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, y a Lidier Esquivel Valverde, en su condición de Jefe de la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE), o a quienes en sus lugares ocupen esos cargos” (los autos).
• f)El 3 de marzo de 2026, se notificó en forma personal a las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, la resolución interlocutoria no. 2026007067 de las 9:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026 (ver actas de notificación agregadas al expediente digital).
• g)El 5 de marzo de 2026, se notificó en forma personal a las autoridades de la de la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE), la resolución interlocutoria no. 2026007067 de las 9:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026 (ver actas de notificación agregadas al expediente digital).
• h)El 10 de marzo de 2026, mediante el oficio no. GA-GA-77-26, suscrito por Gustavo Lara Barquero, en su condición de Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, le comunicó al Alcalde de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, lo siguiente: “En cumplimiento de la orden girada por la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, mediante resolución: Exp: 25‑003244‑0007‑CO Res. Nº 2026007067 San José, 27 de febrero de 2026, 09:30 horas, relativa a la gestión de desobediencia planteada por la señora Nombre01 contra la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, SINAC y la CNE, me permito remitir de manera consolidada la totalidad de la documentación y antecedentes administrativos del caso, con el fin de que esta Alcaldía proceda a trasladar el expediente completo al Concejo Municipal, conforme al acuerdo SC‑AC‑0559‑ORD.07‑2024 y a lo ordenado por la Sala. Adicionalmente, esta remisión se efectúa conforme a lo solicitado por el Concejo Municipal en la Sesión Ordinaria N.º 07‑2024, Artículo N.º 11, Punto N.º 4, referente al Caso Nombre01 y a la situación de la microcuenca Quebrada Los Negritos, sector Carmiol, 1. Documentos que se remiten A continuación se detallan los documentos incorporados al expediente y que se remiten nuevamente de forma íntegra: 1.1 Oficios del Departamento de Gestión Ambiental. GA‑SP‑40‑25 (13/02/2024): Informe inicial a la señora Nombre01, con descripción técnica del caso, levantamiento geoespacial, coordinación con Dirección de Aguas y CNE, diagnóstico preliminar y evidencias fotográficas. (Archivo adjunto, 3 páginas – recuperado íntegramente). GA‑148‑24 (03/07/2024): Seguimiento técnico consolidado, hallazgos de erosión, invasiones al cauce, estructuras civiles fuera de norma, constancias de visitas conjuntas y estado de los expedientes. (Incluido en envío). 1.2 Informe técnico ampliado. Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), elaborado por la Ing. Dayana Morales Agüero: • Mapeo SIG. • Puntos de riesgo. • Evidencia de vertidos ilegales • Invasiones al área de protección. • Registro fotográfico microcuencas Negritos, Ocloro, Torres. • Conclusiones y recomendaciones ambientales a nivel cantonal. 1.3 Documentos de la recurrente. Escrito aportado por la señora Nombre01, recibido el 05 de junio de 2024, donde solicita acceso a los informes y seguimiento institucional. (Anexado según copia escaneada proporcionada). 1.4 Informes y gestiones interinstitucionales. Oficio DA‑UHTPCOSJ‑2173‑2021 del MINAE‑Dirección de Aguas, que concluye que las obras en el sector constituyen ampliaciones y no obras menores, generando invasión al cauce. (Incluido). Inspecciones conjuntas de 2023 (Municipalidad, CNE, MINAE, Ministerio de Salud) y oficio D.Alc.-055‑2023 en el que se solicita visita de campo.(Incluido. Informe CNE‑UIAR‑INF‑0431‑2023, con recomendaciones sobre permisos de aguas, denuncias y remoción de estructuras ilegales.(Incluido). 1.5 Comunicaciones previas Correo institucional enviado en julio de 2024 con parte del expediente (copias se incorporan nuevamente). 2. Solicitud. Con fundamento en la resolución Res. Nº 2026007067, que requiere verificar actuaciones municipales y garantizar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones ambientales, solicito respetuosamente que la Alcaldía disponga: Trasladar inmediatamente el expediente completo al Concejo Municipal, según lo ordenado por la Sala Constitucional. La consolidación de los documentos permitirá brindar al Concejo una visión completa y actualizada, indispensable ante un procedimiento de desobediencia constitucional. Quedo atento(a) para ampliar o entregar información adicional” (ver manifestaciones del Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca y prueba aportada al expediente digital).
• i)El anterior oficio fue enviado con copia a la cuenta ...01, señalada por la recurrente como medio para recibir notificaciones (ver la prueba aportada por el Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, agregada al expediente digital).
• j)El 25 de marzo de 2026, mediante el oficio no. GA-GA-90-26, suscrito por Gustavo Lara Barquero, en su condición de Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, le comunicó a la recurrente, lo siguiente: “Asunto: Aclaración respecto a la fecha de la inspección citada en su gestión del 5 de junio de 2024 y remisión nuevamente de informe técnico del MINAE e Informe de Microcuecas Negrito. Estimada señora: Reciba un cordial saludo. En atención a su gestión presentada el 5 de junio de 2024, y en cumplimiento de lo ordenado por la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia dentro del proceso de seguimiento correspondiente, mediante la cual solicita el informe derivado de la inspección de campo realizada en abril de 2024, se emite la presente aclaración formal con el fin de precisar la información documental que consta en el expediente administrativo y judicial correspondiente. 1. Fecha indicada por la Municipalidad (comunicación del 22 de abril de 2024). En el correo electrónico remitido por esta Municipalidad el 22 de abril de 2024, se le informó lo siguiente: “…el día miércoles 17 de abril de 2024 se realizó inspección de campo con los personeros de Ambiente y Dirección de Aguas…”. Con base en dicha comunicación, usted presentó su solicitud del 5 de junio de 2024, requiriendo el informe correspondiente a dicha inspección. 2. Fecha consignada por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE El documento DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE y fechado 9 de julio de 2024, establece en su Hecho Tercero: “…las abajo suscritas, en conjunto con los funcionarios de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero y Dayana Morales Agüero, realizaron inspección el 18 de abril del presente año, al sitio de los hechos…”. En consecuencia, el informe técnico oficial consigna la fecha de la inspección como 18 de abril de 2024. 3. Aclaración sobre la diferencia de fechas tras la revisión integral de la documentación disponible, se aclara lo siguiente: • Se trata de una única inspección conjunta, realizada en abril de 2024. • La Municipalidad registró la fecha como 17 de abril de 2024. • La Dirección de Aguas del MINAE registró la misma inspección como 18 de abril de 2024. • La diferencia de un día obedece a criterios administrativos de registro y no implica la existencia de inspecciones distintas. En consecuencia, su gestión del 5 de junio de 2024 corresponde al informe derivado de dicha única inspección, independientemente de la fecha consignada por cada institución. 4. Aclaración sobre el informe solicitado. En relación con su solicitud de copia del informe derivado de la inspección indicada, se aclara que el documento formal existente correspondiente a dicha inspección es el informe técnico emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), el cual se remite en la presente gestión. Adicionalmente, la Municipalidad cuenta con el Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), que contiene información técnica complementaria derivada de las labores realizadas en campo. 5. Informe técnico ampliado antes citado. Asimismo, se pone en su conocimiento el Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), elaborado por la Ing. Dayana Morales Agüero, el cual incluye: • Mapeo SIG. • Identificación de puntos de riesgo. • Evidencia de vertidos ilegales. • Identificación de invasiones en áreas de protección. • Registro fotográfico de las microcuencas Negritos, Ocloro y Torres. • Conclusiones y recomendaciones ambientales a nivel cantonal 6. Remisión del informe técnico DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024. Para su conocimiento y constancia, se adjunta nuevamente el documento: • DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, de fecha 9 de julio de 2024, emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE. Este informe contiene el registro de la inspección, identificación de obras en cauce, levantamiento de datos de campo, material fotográfico y la valoración del daño ambiental en el tramo de la quebrada Los Negritos. 7. Observaciones finales. La presente aclaración se emite con el propósito de ordenar y precisar la información documental existente, conforme a lo requerido dentro del proceso de seguimiento de cumplimiento ante la Sala Constitucional. Se aclara que: • No existe un informe conjunto entre la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE y la Municipalidad. • Únicamente existe el informe técnico emitido por la Dirección de Aguas, derivado de la inspección del 18 de abril de 2024. • Existe el informe del Proyecto de Cuencas elaborado por la Municipalidad, así como diversa documentación técnica y administrativa relacionada con el caso. Asimismo, se deja constancia de que esta Municipalidad ha venido atendiendo de forma continua las gestiones presentadas por su persona, particularmente las de fechas 5 de junio de 2024 y 2 de noviembre de 2024, mediante la remisión de información técnica, diagnósticos, valoraciones ambientales y demás antecedentes administrativos vinculados al caso. Adicionalmente, se deja constancia de que mediante oficio remitido por correo electrónico de fecha 10 de marzo de 2026, dirigido a su persona, se realizó la remisión consolidada de la totalidad de la documentación y antecedentes administrativos del caso, lo anterior en el marco de la gestión de desobediencia planteada ante la Sala Constitucional (…) Dicha remisión tuvo como finalidad el cumplimiento de lo ordenado por la Sala Constitucional, así como lo dispuesto por el Concejo Municipal mediante acuerdo SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 y lo solicitado en la Sesión Ordinaria N.º 07-2024, Artículo N.º 11, Punto N.º 4, referente al caso Nombre01 y a la situación de la microcuenca Quebrada Los Negritos, sector Carmiol. En la presente gestión se procede nuevamente a remitir dicha documentación para efectos de respaldo, claridad y garantía de acceso a la información” (ver manifestaciones del Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca y prueba aportada al expediente digital).
• k)El anterior oficio y la documentación fueron enviados con copia a la cuenta ...01, señalada por la recurrente como medio para recibir notificaciones (ver manifestaciones del Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca y prueba aportada al expediente digital).

III.- Sobre la gestión presentada. El Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, comunica las gestiones de cumplimiento realizadas según lo ordenado en la sentencia no. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, y lo reiterado en las resoluciones interlocutorias nos. 2025031965 de las 9:20 horas del 3 de octubre de 2025, y 2026007067 de las 9:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026.

Esta Sala en la sentencia no. 2025017905 dispuso lo siguiente: “(…) Se ordena a Enrique Sibaja Granados, a Gustavo Adolfo Lara Barquero, a Alex Adrián Mena Valverde, en sus calidades respectivas de Presidente del Concejo, Gestor Ambiental, y Administrador de la Unidad de Inspección, todos de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, así como a quienes funjan como Alcalde de dicha corporación, y Director de Agua del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, girar las órdenes que estén dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y coordinar todo lo necesario para que, dentro del plazo de DIEZ DÍAS, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se facilite a la amparada el informe requerido el 5 de junio y el 2 de noviembre de 2024 (…)” (sic).

Posteriormente, mediante la resolución interlocutoria no. 2025031965, esta Sala dispuso lo siguiente: “Se acoge la gestión de desobediencia. Se reitera a Domingo Argüello García, en su condición de Alcalde de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, o a quien ocupe el cargo, así como a quienes ostenten los puestos de Presidente del Concejo, el Gestor Ambiental, y el Administrador de la Unidad de Inspección, todos de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, que den cumplimiento a lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, en el sentido de que se facilite a la recurrente el informe requerido el 5 de junio y el 2 de noviembre de 2024”.

Finalmente, mediante resolución interlocutoria no. 2026007067, este Tribunal dispuso lo siguiente: “No ha lugar a la gestión de cumplimiento planteada por el Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. Se acoge la gestión de desobediencia en contra del Jefe de la Unidad de Investigación y Análisis de Riesgo de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE). Se reitera a Gustavo Lara Barquero, en su condición de Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, o a quien ocupen en su lugar ocupe ese cargo, que dé cumplimiento a lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, en el sentido de que se facilite a la recurrente el informe requerido el 5 de junio y el 2 de noviembre de 2024 (…)”.

IV.- Conviene señalar lo dispuesto por esta Sala en los considerandos XI, XII, XIII, XIV y XV, de la sentencia no. 2025017905:

“XI.- Sobre los puntos d) y e) del objeto del recurso: el informe requerido ante la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca. La recurrente afirmó que el 5 de junio de 2024, solicitó al Departamento de Gestión Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, una copia de un informe administrativo. Asimismo, subrayó que el 2 de noviembre de 2024, requirió al Concejo de la corporación territorial recurrida la entrega del mismo informe.

XII.- Ante todo debe acotarse que si bien el Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca aseguró que la solicitud fue planteada el 2 de diciembre de 2024, lo cierto es que la recurrente aportó el documento con el sello de recibido el 2 de noviembre de 2024.

XIII.- De la relación de hechos probados de desprende que el 5 de junio de 2024, Nombre01 presentó ante el Centro de Información de Gestión Documental e Información de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, un oficio dirigido al Departamento de Gestión Ambiental de la corporación, en el que expuso: “(…) Le solicito entregarme de inmediato copia impresa o digital del informe que usted refiere en su correo electrónico, con motivo de su visita realizada al lugar el 17 de abril de 2024 (según señala), y que es el que en su opinión, requiere para actuar (…) Para atender cualquier comunicación o notificación con motivo de esta gestión, señalo el correo electrónico ...01 (…)” (sic). El 2 de noviembre de 2024, Nombre01 presentó ante el Centro de Información de Gestión Documental e Información de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, un oficio dirigido al Secretario del Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca, en el que señaló: “(…) solicito que me entregue copia del informe que rindió la Administración con motivo del acuerdo precitado (…) Para atender cualquier comunicación o notificación con motivo de esta gestión, señalo el correo electrónico ...01 (…)” (sic); el acuerdo que se menciona es el tomado en la sesión ordinaria No. 07/2024, artículo 11, punto 4, del 17 de junio de 2024. El 4 de diciembre de 2024, adjunto a un correo electrónico notificado a la recurrente, se remitió el oficio No. SC- AC- 2154- ORD.31- 2024 de 3 de diciembre de 2024, suscrito por el Secretario del Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca, en el que se indicó: “(…) Tengo el gusto de transcribir el asunto conocido por el Concejo Municipal de Montes de Oca, en la Sesión Ordinaria Nro. 31/ 2024, Articulo N° 4.6., del día 02 de Diciembre del 2024, el cual textualmente dice: ARTICULO 4.-Correspondencia que se sugiere Trasladar.- 4.6.- Se traslada al señor ALCALDE MUNICIPAL, el siguiente asunto el cual dice: • Nota suscrita por la señora Nombre01 al Concejo Municipal, con fecha de recibido 02- 12-2024, sin número de oficio: solicitud estado de ejecución acuerdo S.O.N° 7- 2024 del 17- 6- 2024.- UNA VEZ CONOCIDAS LAS ANTERIORES SOLICITUDES CONTENIDAS EN EL CAPITULO DE “CORRESPONDENCIA QUE SE SUGIERE TRASLADAR”, EL SEÑOR PRESIDENTE DEL CONCEJO MUNICIPAL LAS SOMETE A VOTACION, QUEDANDO DEBIDAMENTE APROBADAS POR DECISION UNANIME. (VOTA LA REGIDORA (HOY EN PROPIEDAD) Nombre02 ACHIO EN SUSTITUCION DE LA REGIDORA PROPIETARIA Nombre03) (…)” (sic). Posteriormente, el 13 de febrero de 2025, dos días después de notificado el auto inicial a las autoridades de la Municipalidad recurrido, adjunto a un correo electrónico enviado a la cuenta ...01, el Departamento de Gestión Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca remitió a la amparada el oficio No. GA-40-25, en el que se detalló: “(…) Le saludo y a la vez quisiera referirme al caso en cuestión según punto 4. Sobre el análisis de la microcuenca los Negritos en el sector, específico en Carmiol, formándole lo siguiente: Dentro del análisis integral bajo el estudio de la quebrada los Negritos y sobre el caso en cuestión y como lo indica la solicitud, en el estudio de la situación de la finca en colindancia con la quebrada el cuerpo de agua permanente en Carmiol, San Pedro. Que en la zona de estudio se realizó el levantamiento geoespacial del sector a intervenir junto con los informes de seguimiento por parte de las entidades rectoras tanto Dirección de Agua, como por parte de la C.N.E., y de lo cual le informo lo siguiente: Sector en estudio, y las fincas en cuestión dentro del sector de la quebrada los Negritos (…) Hechos: -Que desde el 2017; se ha dado seguimiento tanto en forma y tiempo respecto al caso de la señora Nombre01 sobre este caso, junto con los oficios relacionados tanto para los usos del suelo solicitados, como en las diversas reuniones presenciales con el alcalde en la municipalidad para discutir dicho caso. -Que el caso en mención se realiza coordinación junto con el ente rector y se emite el oficio de la Dirección de Aguas DA-UHTPCOSJ-2173-2021, donde ya había establecido que no solo la obra en cuestión sino las medidas no eran de una obra menor sino mayor y donde se trata de una ampliación y no de un mantenimiento o reparación de esta. Y que, además; anota la condición que se señala en los procesos de invasión por obras civiles dentro del cauce. Por lo que se empieza a ejecutar las medidas para el análisis de este sector de la quebrada Negritos. -Que, para el 31 de enero 2023, en seguimiento a este caso y junto con el oficio desde la Alcaldía: D. Alc. 055-2023 donde se traslada a el MINAE, Dirección de Aguas y Comisión de Emergencias con la finalidad de convocarlos para una visita de campo y analizar dicho caso de la señora Nombre01 y su propiedad. -Por lo anterior; es que las primeras acciones se concluyen de la inspección de campo junto con el geólogo Juan Ignacio Chávez Salas de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias, determina: -Analizar las condiciones de variables estructurales de la microcuenca actual; y de lo cual se cumple en la generación del primer diagnóstico del sector comprendido desde: el parque de Nadori hasta el inicio del parque de Carmiol -Diagnóstico del riesgo y otros factores relacionados a los procesos erosivos como la determinación de la capacidad del vaso de cuenca. -Que de los resultados dentro del diagnóstico y donde señala que los factores de estrangulamiento de la capacidad del vaso de cuenca y su flujo donde dichas estructuras civiles dentro de la área de protección de la quebrada han perdido vida útil como defensa ante procesos de poca capacidad de soporte del terreno y en otros casos se observa procesos de rellenos de esos terrenos, por lo que al ser micro cuencas estacionales en época seca su cauce es mínimo pero durante las épocas de lluvia sobre pasa su capacidad se encuentra sometida a una mayor presión y por lo tanto un aumento en la fuerza de arrasarte de su flujo, acrecentando por lo tanto los procesos erosivos. -Que como se describe en el informe de la CNE con fecha: 2023-05-19/CNE-UIAR-INF-0431-2023; donde menciona dentro de las recomendaciones y dentro de las acciones a planificar y bajo el cumplimiento de estas recomendaciones, en su apartado: B. el solicitar el permiso de la Dirección de Aguas y que se fiscalice las obras dentro del cauce para el cumplimiento de la legislación ambiental establecida y así como su apartado. C. empezar con los procesos para las denuncias respectivas y la eliminación de las estructuras civiles invasoras o que no cumplan con la normativa autorizada. -Por lo anterior; y en cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la CNE, es que se procede con la información depurada en el diagnóstico y se realiza inspección de campo para verificar con la Dirección de Aguas, el estado de cada una de las fincas en el sector con el fin de dar todos los aspectos legales dentro de su competencia como ente rector de autorizar o no las obras civiles y el estudio de su estado legal de estas. -Que estamos a la espera del informe final y sus recomendaciones de este para proceder de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de orden vinculantes que se emitirán por parte de ente rector y continuar con los expedientes de las fincas para tener seguridad jurídica con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad ambiental de la quebrada los Negritos (…)” (sic) (el énfasis no pertenece al original).

XIV.- Atendiendo a lo indicado por la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca en el oficio de 13 de febrero de 2025, el magistrado instructor dio traslado al Director de Agua de MINAE, quien no rindió informe, razón por la cual, se tuvo por ciertos los hechos y omisiones que se le atribuyen, en aplicación del artículo 45 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional.

XV.- Pese a haber transcurrido ya más de 1 año en cuanto al Departamento de Gestión Ambiental, y más de 7 meses en lo que respecta al Concejo Municipal, el informe en cuestión no ha sido suministrado, por lo que también en lo atinente a este agravio este Tribunal debe intervenir”.

V.- Ahora bien, en razón de lo anterior, el Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, informó a la Sala las gestiones realizadas con el fin de dar cumplimiento a lo ordenado en el voto no. 2025017905, y lo reiterado en las resoluciones interlocutorias nos. 2025031965 y 2026007067. Señaló que mediante el oficio no. GA-GA-90-26 del 25 de marzo de 2026, le comunicó a la recurrente lo siguiente:

“Asunto: Aclaración respecto a la fecha de la inspección citada en su gestión del 5 de junio de 2024 y remisión nuevamente de informe técnico del MINAE e Informe de Microcuecas Negrito.

Estimada señora: Reciba un cordial saludo.

En atención a su gestión presentada el 5 de junio de 2024, y en cumplimiento de lo ordenado por la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia dentro del proceso de seguimiento correspondiente, mediante la cual solicita el informe derivado de la inspección de campo realizada en abril de 2024, se emite la presente aclaración formal con el fin de precisar la información documental que consta en el expediente administrativo y judicial correspondiente.

1. Fecha indicada por la Municipalidad (comunicación del 22 de abril de 2024).

En el correo electrónico remitido por esta Municipalidad el 22 de abril de 2024, se le informó lo siguiente: “…el día miércoles 17 de abril de 2024 se realizó inspección de campo con los personeros de Ambiente y Dirección de Aguas…”.

Con base en dicha comunicación, usted presentó su solicitud del 5 de junio de 2024, requiriendo el informe correspondiente a dicha inspección.

2. Fecha consignada por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE El documento DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE y fechado 9 de julio de 2024, establece en su Hecho Tercero: “…las abajo suscritas, en conjunto con los funcionarios de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, Gustavo Lara Barquero y Dayana Morales Agüero, realizaron inspección el 18 de abril del presente año, al sitio de los hechos…”.

En consecuencia, el informe técnico oficial consigna la fecha de la inspección como 18 de abril de 2024.

3. Aclaración sobre la diferencia de fechas.

Tras la revisión integral de la documentación disponible, se aclara lo siguiente: • Se trata de una única inspección conjunta, realizada en abril de 2024.

• La Municipalidad registró la fecha como 17 de abril de 2024.

• La Dirección de Aguas del MINAE registró la misma inspección como 18 de abril de 2024.

• La diferencia de un día obedece a criterios administrativos de registro y no implica la existencia de inspecciones distintas.

En consecuencia, su gestión del 5 de junio de 2024 corresponde al informe derivado de dicha única inspección, independientemente de la fecha consignada por cada institución.

4. Aclaración sobre el informe solicitado.

En relación con su solicitud de copia del informe derivado de la inspección indicada, se aclara que el documento formal existente correspondiente a dicha inspección es el informe técnico emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE (DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024), el cual se remite en la presente gestión. Adicionalmente, la Municipalidad cuenta con el Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), que contiene información técnica complementaria derivada de las labores realizadas en campo.

5. Informe técnico ampliado antes citado.

Asimismo, se pone en su conocimiento el Informe de Actividades del Proyecto de Cuencas y Recuperación (2024), elaborado por la Ing. Dayana Morales Agüero, el cual incluye:

• Mapeo SIG.

• Identificación de puntos de riesgo.

• Evidencia de vertidos ilegales.

• Identificación de invasiones en áreas de protección.

• Registro fotográfico de las microcuencas Negritos, Ocloro y Torres.

• Conclusiones y recomendaciones ambientales a nivel cantonal.

6. Remisión del informe técnico DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024.

Para su conocimiento y constancia, se adjunta nuevamente el documento:

• DA-UHTPCOSJ-1566-2024, de fecha 9 de julio de 2024, emitido por la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE.

Este informe contiene el registro de la inspección, identificación de obras en cauce, levantamiento de datos de campo, material fotográfico y la valoración del daño ambiental en el tramo de la quebrada Los Negritos.

7. Observaciones finales.

La presente aclaración se emite con el propósito de ordenar y precisar la información documental existente, conforme a lo requerido dentro del proceso de seguimiento de cumplimiento ante la Sala Constitucional.

Se aclara que:

• No existe un informe conjunto entre la Dirección de Aguas del MINAE y la Municipalidad.

• Únicamente existe el informe técnico emitido por la Dirección de Aguas, derivado de la inspección del 18 de abril de 2024.

• Existe el informe del Proyecto de Cuencas elaborado por la Municipalidad, así como diversa documentación técnica y administrativa relacionada con el caso.

Asimismo, se deja constancia de que esta Municipalidad ha venido atendiendo de forma continua las gestiones presentadas por su persona, particularmente las de fechas 5 de junio de 2024 y 2 de noviembre de 2024, mediante la remisión de información técnica, diagnósticos, valoraciones ambientales y demás antecedentes administrativos vinculados al caso.

Adicionalmente, se deja constancia de que mediante oficio remitido por correo electrónico de fecha 10 de marzo de 2026, dirigido a su persona, se realizó la remisión consolidada de la totalidad de la documentación y antecedentes administrativos del caso, lo anterior en el marco de la gestión de desobediencia planteada ante la Sala Constitucional (…)

Dicha remisión tuvo como finalidad el cumplimiento de lo ordenado por la Sala Constitucional, así como lo dispuesto por el Concejo Municipal mediante acuerdo SC-AC-0559-ORD.07-2024 y lo solicitado en la Sesión Ordinaria N.º 07-2024, Artículo N.º 11, Punto N.º 4, referente al caso Nombre01 y a la situación de la microcuenca Quebrada Los Negritos, sector Carmiol.

En la presente gestión se procede nuevamente a remitir dicha documentación para efectos de respaldo, claridad y garantía de acceso a la información”.

El anterior oficio y la documentación fueron enviados con copia a la cuenta ...01, señalada por la recurrente como medio para recibir notificaciones.

VI.- Así las cosas, al determinarse que las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca cumplieron con lo ordenado en la sentencia no. 2025017905 de las 9:20 horas del 13 de junio de 2025, y lo reiterado en las resoluciones interlocutorias no. 2025031965 de las 9:20 horas del 3 de octubre de 2025, y a la no. 2026007067 de las 9:30 horas del 27 de febrero de 2026, en relación a informe requerido por la recurrente en fechas 5 de junio y 2 de noviembre de 2024, lo que procede es acoger dichas manifestaciones de cumplimiento y agregarlas a sus antecedentes.

VII.- Documentación aportada al expediente. Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, éstos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el “Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial”, aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión no. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial no. 19 de 26 de enero de 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión no. 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo de 2012, artículo LXXXI.

Por tanto:

Se acoge la gestión de cumplimiento planteada por el Gestor Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, en relación a informe requerido por la recurrente en fechas 5 de junio y 2 de noviembre de 2024. Agréguese a sus antecedentes. Notifíquese.

Fernando Castillo V.

Fernando Cruz C.

Paul Rueda L.

Luis Fdo. Salazar A.

Jorge Araya G.

Anamari Garro V.

Ingrid Hess H.

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