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Res. 41078-2025 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 11/12/2025
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber partially grants the appeal, ordering the Ministry of Health to respond to the September 2025 inquiry and resolve the June 2024 complaint within set timeframes, and denies the rest, especially concerning the Municipality of San José.La Sala declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, ordenando al Ministerio de Salud atender la gestión de septiembre de 2025 y resolver la denuncia de junio de 2024 en plazos determinados, y declara sin lugar en lo demás, especialmente respecto a la Municipalidad de San José.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber reviews an amparo filed by residents of La Favorita Norte in Pavas against the Municipality of San José and the Ministry of Health, alleging noise pollution from the municipal band's rehearsals in nearby facilities. The claimants argued that extreme noise harms the health of children and the elderly, and that the Municipal Council rejected a motion to relocate rehearsals. The Ministry of Health conducted a measurement in April 2024 that did not exceed limits, but neighbors filed new complaints without effective response. The Chamber finds the first complaint was archived after a favorable measurement; however, the June 2024 complaint remains unresolved, and the September 2025 inquiry was not formally addressed. Regarding the Municipality, no specific administrative challenge was filed, and no fundamental rights violation is proven. The Court partially grants the amparo, ordering the Ministry of Health to respond to the September 2025 inquiry within five days and to definitively resolve the June 2024 complaint within two months, with the State liable for costs and damages.La Sala Constitucional conoce un recurso de amparo interpuesto por vecinos de la Urbanización La Favorita Norte en Pavas contra la Municipalidad de San José y el Ministerio de Salud, alegando contaminación sónica por los ensayos de la banda municipal en instalaciones cercanas. Los recurrentes denunciaron que el ruido extremo afecta la salud de niños y adultos mayores, y que el Concejo Municipal rechazó una moción para trasladar los ensayos. El Ministerio de Salud realizó una medición en abril de 2024 que no superó los límites, pero los vecinos insistieron en nuevas denuncias sin respuesta efectiva. La Sala constata que la primera denuncia fue archivada tras medición favorable a la banda; sin embargo, la denuncia de junio de 2024 quedó sin resolución, y la gestión de septiembre de 2025 no fue atendida formalmente. Respecto a la Municipalidad, no se acreditó gestión específica ni se demuestra lesión a derechos fundamentales. El Tribunal declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, ordenando al Ministerio de Salud atender la gestión de septiembre 2025 en cinco días y resolver definitivamente la denuncia de junio 2024 en dos meses, con condena al Estado en costas.
Key excerptExtracto clave
The appeal is partially granted, only against the Ministry of Health for the lack of due attention to the complaint of June 11, 2024, and the inquiry of September 1, 2025. Ana Rodríguez Sánchez, in her capacity as director of the Health Governing Area of Pavas of the Ministry of Health, or whoever holds that position, is ordered to coordinate all necessary actions within the scope of her powers, so that: i) within a maximum period of FIVE DAYS, counted from the notification of this decision, the inquiry filed on September 1, 2025, is attended to in accordance with the law and the corresponding notification is made to the protected party through the indicated means; and ii) within a period of TWO MONTHS, counted from the notification of this decision, the complaint filed on June 11, 2024, is definitively resolved and the corresponding notification is made to the complainant.Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, solo en cuanto al Ministerio de Salud por la falta de atención debida de la denuncia del 11 de junio de 2024 y de la gestión del 1° de setiembre de 2025. Se le ordena a Ana Rodríguez Sánchez, en su condición de directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Pavas del Ministerio de Salud, o a quien en su lugar ocupe ese cargo, que coordine lo necesario y lleve a cabo todas las actuaciones dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, a los efectos de que: i) en el plazo máximo de CINCO DÍAS, contado a partir de la notificación de este pronunciamiento, se atienda conforme a derecho corresponda la gestión formulada el 1° de setiembre de 2025 y se le notifique lo correspondiente a la parte amparada al medio señalado para tales efectos; y ii) en el plazo de DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de este pronunciamiento, se resuelva de manera definitiva la denuncia planteada el 11 de junio de 2024 y se notifique lo correspondiente a la parte denunciante.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"la Sala comprueba que, el 4 de marzo de 2024, un recurrente formuló la denuncia nro. 028-24 ante el Ministerio de Salud... Por memorial MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024 del 12 de abril de 2024, el Ministerio de Salud comunicó a la parte denunciante que, dado que no se verificó que se haya sobrepasado el límite de ruido permitido, lo procedente es cerrar y archivar el caso."
"The Chamber verifies that, on March 4, 2024, a claimant filed complaint No. 028-24 before the Ministry of Health... By document MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024 of April 12, 2024, the Ministry of Health informed the complainant that, since it was not verified that the permitted noise limit had been exceeded, the case was to be closed and archived."
Considerando IV
"la Sala comprueba que, el 4 de marzo de 2024, un recurrente formuló la denuncia nro. 028-24 ante el Ministerio de Salud... Por memorial MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024 del 12 de abril de 2024, el Ministerio de Salud comunicó a la parte denunciante que, dado que no se verificó que se haya sobrepasado el límite de ruido permitido, lo procedente es cerrar y archivar el caso."
Considerando IV
"el Tribunal verifica que, el 11 de junio de 2024, el accionante Nombre86988 formuló la denuncia nro. 115-24... no se tiene por demostrado que el Ministerio de Salud haya continuado la tramitación de la denuncia y, por ende, que la haya resuelto. Así las cosas, procede estimar el recurso en lo que a este agravio concierne."
"The Tribunal verifies that, on June 11, 2024, claimant Nombre86988 filed complaint No. 115-24... it has not been proven that the Ministry of Health continued processing the complaint and, therefore, that it resolved it. Consequently, the appeal must be granted as to this grievance."
Considerando IV
"el Tribunal verifica que, el 11 de junio de 2024, el accionante Nombre86988 formuló la denuncia nro. 115-24... no se tiene por demostrado que el Ministerio de Salud haya continuado la tramitación de la denuncia y, por ende, que la haya resuelto. Así las cosas, procede estimar el recurso en lo que a este agravio concierne."
Considerando IV
"no se comprueba la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte amparada por la Municipalidad de San José en los términos en que fue planteado el recurso."
"No violation of fundamental rights of the protected party by the Municipality of San José is proven in the terms in which the appeal was filed."
Considerando V
"no se comprueba la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte amparada por la Municipalidad de San José en los términos en que fue planteado el recurso."
Considerando V
"el artículo 7 del Reglamento para el control del ruido ambiental, N°44486, hace referencia a las excepciones para horario diurno... c. Las prácticas de bandas musicales se deben realizar únicamente en horario diurno."
"Article 7 of the Regulation for the Control of Environmental Noise, No. 44486, refers to exceptions for daytime hours... c. The practices of musical bands must be carried out only during daytime."
Informe del Ministerio de Salud
"el artículo 7 del Reglamento para el control del ruido ambiental, N°44486, hace referencia a las excepciones para horario diurno... c. Las prácticas de bandas musicales se deben realizar únicamente en horario diurno."
Informe del Ministerio de Salud
Full documentDocumento completo
I.
Date of the Resolution: December 11, 2025 at 10:10 a.m.
Case File: 25-029785-0007-CO Type of matter: Amparo appeal SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at ten hours and ten minutes on the eleventh of December of two thousand twenty-five.
Amparo appeal processed in case file number 25-029785-0007-CO, filed by Nombre86988, identity card CED47632, Nombre86989, Dimex CED47633, Nombre86990, identity card CED47634, Nombre86991, identity card CED47635, Nombre86992, identity card CED47636, Nombre86993, identity card CED47637, Nombre86994, identity card CED47638, Nombre86995, identity card CED47639, Nombre86996, identity card CED47640, against the MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOSÉ AND THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH.
Whereas:
On April 12, 2024, this Health Governing Area issued technical report MS-DRRSCS-D-ARS-P-IT-0098-2024, concluding that the result of the evaluation of the generated sound does not exceed what is established in regulation No. 39428-S (executive decree repealed by Article 39 of the Regulation for Environmental Noise Control). On April 12, 2024, the case was closed, as recorded in official communication MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024, sent to Mr. Nombre86988.
Timeline On June 11, 2024, complaint No. 115-24 was received by this Health Governing Area against the Municipalidad de San José for noise and vibrations. On August 1, 2024, an email was sent to ...2200 requesting the complainant to indicate the exact address of their residence and possible days and times to coordinate the sound measurement. On August 16, 2024, an email was sent to ...2200 informing the complainant of the availability to perform the sound measurement on Sunday, August 25, 2024, a date the complainant agreed to. On August 25, 2024, a visit was made to the residence of Mr. Nombre86988, where the door was knocked on and the doorbell was rung on several occasions, with no response from the complainant. This visit is recorded in inspection report CS-ARS-P-CRR-98-2024. On August 25, 2024, another visit was made to the residence of Mr. Nombre86988; at the time of the visit, meteorological conditions prevented the sound measurement from being carried out.
This visit is recorded in inspection report CS-ARS-P-CRR-99-2024. On August 26, 2024, an email was received from ...2200 stating the following: “(…) Regarding a next measurement, I will tell you about the times. The day the full band practices is Sundays, from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., but the best hours for the measurement are from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. From 12 to 1 they have lunch and from 1 onwards they continue practicing. The weekend of September 7 and 8 I don’t think they will be there because those are the auditions for the festival de la luz. If this Sunday, September 1st is possible, I would be very grateful. (…)” On August 27, 2024, an email was sent to ...2200 stating the following: “(…) according to what was discussed with my colleagues, it is not possible to perform the measurement on Sunday, September 1, 2024. September 7 and 8 are also not possible due to what you indicate are the auditions for the festival de la luz, and September 15 is also not possible since I assume you will be in presentations and parades.
Therefore, it would be a matter of coordinating for after September 15 (…)” On August 27, 2024, an email was received from ...2200 where the complainant indicates that they will reserve September 22nd to schedule the sound measurement. On September 18, 2024, an email was received from ...2200 where the complainant indicates that, due to the cessation of the municipal band’s practices, they wished to wait until September 22nd and 29th to verify that the band resumes its practices. Likewise, they indicate October 6th as a tentative date to carry out the measurement. On October 7, 2024, an email was received from ...2200 where the complainant indicates that they will note down Sunday the 27th for the noise measurement. On October 22, 2024, a response was sent to the email from ...2200 confirming the noise measurement for Sunday, October 27, 2024, from 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. On October 27, 2024, a visit was made to the residence of Mr.
Nombre86988; at the time of the visit, the generating source was not active, and a reasonable time was waited on site for the sound source to become active. During the wait, meteorological conditions prevented the sound measurement from being carried out. This visit is recorded in inspection report CS-ARS-P-CRR-120-2024. On August 29, 2025, a confidential complaint was again received against the Complejo Recreativo Municipal for noise and vibrations emitted by the practices of the Municipal Band (Sundays from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.), for not having a Sanitary Operating Permit, and for matters related to vectors due to the accumulation of disused trucks and machinery at the depot. On September 1, 2025, an email was received from ...2200 with the subject: request for reactivation of complaint 0128-2024. On September 10, 2025, an email was sent to ...2200 to coordinate a visit to the complainant’s residence.
On September 11, 2025, an email was received from ...2200 where the complainant indicates they can appear in person at the Health Governing Area. On September 11, 2025, the complainant was received in person, where inquiries were addressed regarding what was stated in the September 1st email, and they expressed having questions about Decree No. 44486-S. On September 12, 2025, an email was received from the complainant with the inquiries about Decree No. 44486-S. On September 16, 2025, a visit was made to the municipal complex to verify what was stated in the complaint; at the time of the visit, the persons in charge were not present, so we were provided with telephone contacts and email addresses of officials of the Municipalidad de San José to coordinate the visit, as recorded in inspection report DARS-P-AI-23-2025. On September 17, 2025, in response to the complainant’s inquiries, official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0511-2025 was sent to the Central South Regional Directorate, requesting a legal-technical consultation on Decree No. 44486-S.
On September 17, 2025, an email was sent to the officials of the Municipalidad de San José to coordinate the inspection visit. On September 29, 2025, official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-2302-2025 was received, in which the Legal Affairs department responded to the legal consultation on Decree No. 44486-S; subsequently, the response was sent to the complainant. On October 2, 2025, official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0556-2025 was sent to Licda. Katia Mora Segura, head of the Department of Cultural Services of the Municipalidad de San José, to establish a date for the inspection visit to the municipal complex; subsequently, a response was received from the Municipalidad de San José indicating availability for the inspection visit to the municipal complex. On October 2, 2025, an email was received from the complainant expressing that questions persisted regarding Decree No. 44486-S; subsequently, the complainant’s concerns were forwarded to Lic. Marvin Rojas Casanova, the regional attorney handling the case.
On October 9, 2025, technical report MS-DRRSCS-URS-IT-0492-2025 was received, in which the Health Stewardship Unit responded to the technical consultation on Decree No. 44486-S; subsequently, the response was sent to the complainant. On October 10, 2025, the inspection visit was carried out at the municipal complex, as recorded in inspection report DARS-P-AI-41-2025. As a result of this inspection, a functional closure was carried out through closure order MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-AC-12-2025, because the complex did not have a current Sanitary Operating Permit. On October 14, 2025, at the request of Dra. Karla Obando Mata, Acting Regional Director, official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0580-2025 and technical report MS-DRRSCSC-DARS-P-IT-154-2025 were sent, reporting the actions taken in response to the complaint. On October 23, 2025, documentation was received for the renewal process of the Sanitary Operating Permit for the municipal complex.
On October 30, 2025, provisional permit MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-421-2025 was granted to the establishment Complejo Recreativo Municipal, because the electrical certification is “CONDITIONED.” REGARDING THE ACTIONS OF THE MINISTERIO DE SALUD As evidenced in the timeline presented above, it is important to note that in the records held by this Health Governing Area of Pavas, the protected party, Mr. Nombre86988, regarding the alleged noise pollution caused by the practices of the San José municipal band, filed complaints on March 4, 2024, June 11, 2024, August 29, 2025, and September 1, 2025. However, despite that, note that, in response to the first complaint filing, No. 028-24, on April 7, 2024, in accordance with the Regulation for the Control of Noise Pollution No. 39428-S and the Procedure for Noise Measurement, Executive Decree 32692, in force at that time, which clearly did not contemplate any exception regarding the municipal band’s practice activity, this Health Authority proceeded with the sound level test, the result of which DID NOT EXCEED the prescribed noise limits, proceeding, according to technical report MS-DRRSCS-D-ARS-P-IT-0098-2024, with the closure and archiving of the complaint.
A circumstance that was duly notified to Mr. Nombre86988 via email on April 12, 2024, through official communication MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024. Dissatisfied with the result, the protected party again filed a complaint on June 11, 2024, and requested a new sound measurement. A measurement that, as recorded in the case file, was thwarted on occasions due to the complainant’s availability, meteorological conditions, the band’s commitments such as auditions and parades, and the cessation of the band’s practices, when on September 18, 2024, the protected party communicated that we should wait for the practices to resume to proceed in accordance with the regulatory framework in force at that time. Nevertheless, again on August 29, 2025, a confidential complaint was filed against the Complejo Recreativo Municipal, again for the Municipal Band’s practices (Sundays from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.), also stating that the place did not have a Sanitary Operating Permit and issues related to vectors due to the accumulation of disused trucks and machinery at the depot. In addition to the above, on September 1, 2025, the complainant Mr. Nombre86988 again requested that complaint 0128-2024 be reactivated.
Regarding the follow-up on the complaints, it is imperative to pause and point out here that, as of December 20, 2024, Executive Decree 44486-S, Regulation for Environmental Noise Control, came into force, which repealed executive decrees 32692 and 39428, emphasizing that musical band practices conducted during daytime hours shall be exempt from the limits established in the regulation (Article 7, subsection c.). Thus, in light of the provisions of executive decree 44486-S, in response to the complaint of August 29, 2025, and the request for reactivation of complaint 028-2024 of September 1, 2025, during an in-person meeting at this Health Governing Area of Pavas on September 11, 2025, the scope of executive decree 44486-S was explained to Mr. Nombre86988, and on October 10, 2025, to verify the other reported points, the municipal complex was closed according to inspection report DARS-P-AI-41-2025, for not having a current Sanitary Operating Permit. An issue that was rectified by the Municipal entity as recorded on folios 200 and 201 of resolution 491-2025 and PROVISIONAL Sanitary Operating Permit No. MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-421-2025.
Now then, returning to the alleged noise pollution initially reported by the protected party, Mr. Nombre86988, it is important to bear in mind firstly that the municipal band’s activity, according to the result of the sound level test of April 7, 2024, does not contravene the noise limits established both in executive decree 32692 (repealed) and in the currently valid DE 44486-S. And since the practices are carried out during daytime hours, as stated by the complainant, in accordance with Article 7, subsection c. of the Regulation for Environmental Noise Control, this Health Authority does not consider the alleged noise pollution reported as confirmed. “Article 7. - The following actions shall be exempted from the limits established in this regulation during: 1. Daytime hours: a. Sounds from temporary projects for the repair and maintenance of homes and their dependencies, for a period of less than six months. b. Sounds produced in occasional public events of a patriotic nature (parades, marches). c. Musical band practices must be carried out only during daytime hours.” (emphasis added) In this regard, it is important to consider that, while it is true that any individual may report alleged breaches of the sanitary regulatory framework to the Health Authority, the mere filing of the complaint is not synonymous with guilt or responsibility attributable to the accused, when this Health Authority must verify the perpetration of the reported facts.
A context that differs from what was reported by Mr. Nombre86988, as the municipal band’s practices do not exceed the prescribed limits and are carried out during daytime hours, as exempted by the referenced regulatory framework. Therefore, failure to address the filed complaint in a way that violates the constitutional rights of the protected party is not considered proven, given that the complaints have been duly addressed without any infringement of the regulations by the accused being proven, so that, in accordance with the principle of legality, the prescribed exception cannot be rejected.
PETITION By virtue of the foregoing, we respectfully request that the present amparo appeal be DECLARED WITHOUT MERIT, given that the matters reported within our competencies have been addressed as legally appropriate, without undermining or violating the fundamental rights of the protected parties."
Drafted by Judge Rueda Leal; and,
Considering:
First, it must be clarified that, pursuant to judgment No. 2008-02545 of 08:55 hours on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction those matters in which it is disputed whether the Public Administration has or has not complied with the deadlines set by the Ley General de la Administración Pública (Articles 261 and 325) or sectoral laws in special administrative procedures, to resolve an administrative procedure by final act — initiated ex officio or at the request of a party — or to hear the corresponding administrative appeals. However, it has also contemplated exceptions to the above, as is the case here, since the grievance relates to an alleged complaint for noise pollution. In this type of matter, constitutional jurisprudence has deemed the application of constitutional control to be appropriate, and therefore, we proceed to resolve the sub iudice.
The protected persons reside in the La Favorita Norte urbanization. They state that the Municipalidad de San José began using facilities it owns nearby for rehearsals of the municipal band, which generates noise pollution. They maintain that they requested the local government to cease the rehearsals, but it was rejected by the Concejo Municipal. They affirm that on July 22, 2024, and August 29, 2025, they filed complaints before the Ministerio de Salud.
Regarding the importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly demonstrated:
REGARDING THE MINISTERIO DE SALUD a) On March 4, 2024, a complainant filed complaint No. 028-24 before the Ministerio de Salud, due to the noise generated by the San José municipal band. On that occasion, ...2 was indicated as the means for receiving notifications. (See documentary evidence).
REGARDING THE MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN JOSÉ a) In ordinary session No. 069-2025 held on August 26, 2025, by the Concejo Municipal de San José, a motion to relocate the rehearsal site of the municipal band was rejected. (See documentary evidence).
In the sub lite, the protected persons reside in the La Favorita Norte urbanization. They state that the Municipalidad de San José began using facilities it owns nearby for rehearsals of the municipal band, which generates noise pollution. They maintain that they requested the local government to cease the rehearsals, but it was rejected by the Concejo Municipal. They affirm that on July 22, 2024, and August 29, 2025, they filed complaints before the Ministerio de Salud.
The Chamber verifies that on March 4, 2024, a complainant filed complaint No. 028-24 before the Ministerio de Salud, due to the noise generated by the San José municipal band. On that occasion, ...2 was indicated as the means for receiving notifications. On April 7, 2024, the respondent Health Governing Area carried out a sound measurement. By technical report MS-DRRSCS-D-ARS-P-IT-0098-2024 of April 12, 2024, the Ministerio de Salud determined that the evaluation of the generated sound did not exceed what was established in the regulations. By official communication MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024 of April 12, 2024, the Ministerio de Salud informed the complainant that, given that it was not verified that the permitted noise limit had been exceeded, the appropriate course of action was to close and archive the case. This was notified on that same day. On June 11, 2024, the claimant Nombre86988 filed complaint No. 115-24 before the Ministerio de Salud regarding the noise generated by the San José municipal band.
Starting August 1, 2024, an exchange of emails took place between the Health Governing Area of Pavas and the protected party Nombre86988 in relation to complaint No. 115-24, in order to carry out a sound measurement. On August 25 and October 27, 2024, the Ministerio de Salud attempted to carry out a sound measurement at the reported site, but it was not possible. On August 29, 2025, a complainant filed a complaint before the Ministerio de Salud in relation to the issue that is the subject of this matter. On September 1, 2025, a claimant filed a submission before the Ministerio de Salud, which they directed to ., requesting "an update on complaint number úmero Te. In June of last year, we requested its reactivation, so that the corresponding sound measurements could be coordinated (...) we would appreciate it if you could provide us with a document or report indicating the current status of the complaint and the reasons why the measurements could not be carried out at that time." On September 11, 2025, the protected party Nombre86988 was attended to at the Health Governing Area of Pavas, at which time, among other things, the scope of executive decree No. 44486-S was explained to him.
On October 10, 2025, the Ministerio de Salud issued closure order MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-AC-12-2025 regarding the COMPLEJO RECREATIVO MUNICIPAL. On October 28, 2025, the Ministerio de Salud issued health order MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-OS-073-2025, by which it granted the Municipalidad de San José a period of seven months to comply with the corrective action plan MSJ-ALCALDIA-42502-2025 and provide the new electrical installation verification certificate or report. On October 30, 2025, the Ministerio de Salud issued a Sanitary Operating Permit to the Complejo Recreativo Municipal.
First, regarding the complaint filed before the Ministerio de Salud by one of the claimants on March 4, 2024, in relation to the issue that is the subject of this matter, it is evident that this ministry carried out a sound measurement and, not having corroborated the accusation, notified the closure of the case as of April 12, 2024. Therefore, the appeal regarding this grievance is dismissed.
Second, the Tribunal verifies that on June 11, 2024, the claimant Nombre86988 filed complaint No. 115-24 before the Ministerio de Salud regarding the noise generated by the San José municipal band. Regarding this, even though it is verified that an exchange of emails occurred between the complainant and the respondent ministry, and that it attempted to carry out a sound measurement on two occasions, it is no less true that it has not been demonstrated that the Ministerio de Salud continued processing the complaint and, therefore, resolved it. Thus, it is appropriate to grant the appeal with respect to this grievance.
Third, although there is evidence that on August 29, 2025, a new complaint was filed before that ministry, it is no less true that at the time of recourse to this specialized Chamber, specifically, September 29, 2025, an openly arbitrary or disproportionate period had not elapsed, so the appeal is premature regarding this point.
Finally, this Chamber verifies that on September 1, 2025, a claimant filed a submission before the Ministerio de Salud, which they directed to ...2, requesting "an update on complaint number 0128-2024. In June of last year, we requested its reactivation, so that the corresponding sound measurements could be coordinated (...) we would appreciate it if you could provide us with a document or report indicating the current status of the complaint and the reasons why the measurements could not be carried out at that time." Regarding this, even though the respondent authority maintains that in the meeting held on September 11, 2025, with the protected party Nombre86988, issues related to that submission were explained to him, it is not verified that it was formally addressed, which is detrimental to the fundamental rights of the protected party. Consequently, the appeal is granted with respect to this point.
V.On the other hand, regarding the Municipalidad de San José, the Chamber deems it proven that in ordinary session No. 069-2025 held on August 26, 2025, by the Concejo Municipal de San José, a motion to relocate the rehearsal site of the municipal band was rejected. By official communication DSC-573-2025 of November 10, 2025, the Department of Cultural Services of the Municipalidad de San José detailed that the municipal band carries out its artistic and formative practices at the Centro Recreativo de Empleados Municipales from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Thus, there is no evidence that the protected persons filed any specific submission before the Municipalidad de San José in relation to this issue. In that sense, the only thing evidenced is that the Municipal Council of that canton considered a motion to relocate the rehearsals of the aforementioned municipal band, which was rejected. Now, in the event that the claim raised by the claimant regarding this point constitutes disagreement with the decision adopted by that collegial body, it is noted that it is not the responsibility of this Tribunal to analyze, in accordance with the infra-constitutional regulations governing the matter and the particularities of the case under study, whether such rejection was appropriate or not. Nor does it correspond to this constitutional venue to determine whether the municipal band rehearsals should or should not be moved to another location, or to establish whether during such rehearsals the noise permitted by the applicable regulations is exceeded in the terms alleged.
By virtue of the foregoing, no injury to the fundamental rights of the protected party by the Municipalidad de San José is proven, in the terms in which the appeal was filed.
I have supported the thesis of this Tribunal that when a litigant alleges a violation of the right to prompt and complete justice in administrative proceedings, the legal dispute must be heard by the Contentious-Administrative Courts and not by this Chamber. However, with the recent enactment of Law No. 9097, Law Regulating the Right of Petition, it has been established that this right is subject to judicial protection through the amparo appeal established by Article 32 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, in relation to Article 27 of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica, in those cases where the petitioner considers that the material actions of the Administration, its administrative acts, or its response are affecting their fundamental rights.
In my view, the recently enacted regulation does not imply that this Court must modify its jurisprudential line, since, based on numeral 7 of its Law, it corresponds exclusively to this Court to define its own jurisdiction. Therefore, except for those legal-constitutional controversies that have been recognized by this Chamber as exceptional cases, which may indeed be heard in this jurisdiction through the constitutional amparo proceeding, in all other cases, and for the reasons this Court has given (judgment No. 2008-02545 of 8:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008), the competent judges are those of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction, all of which is in accordance with numeral 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights, the Law of the Constitution (values, principles, and norms), and the corresponding legal provisions based on a logical, systemic, and teleological interpretation of the legal system.
In environmental matters, it is the criterion of the undersigned that, if the Public Administration has already intervened, its hearing and resolution corresponds to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. However, I do proceed to hear the merits of the matter when other rights of the persons affected by the pollution source are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy and pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as is the case here, in which the petitioners indicate that they reside in the La Favorita Norte residential development. They state that the Municipality of San José began using some facilities it owns nearby for the rehearsals of the municipal band, which generates noise pollution. They maintain that they requested the local government to cease the rehearsals, but this was rejected by the Municipal Council. They affirm that on July 22, 2024, and August 29, 2025, they filed complaints with the Ministry of Health. They explain that the situation has not been definitively resolved.
The parties are warned that, if any document on paper or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies has been provided, these must be withdrawn within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that all material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (approved by the Full Court in Article XXVI of session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in the Boletín Judicial No. 19 of January 26, 2012) and in Article LXXXI of the session of the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial No. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.
Por tanto:
The amparo petition is partially granted, only with respect to the Ministry of Health for the lack of due attention to the complaint of June 11, 2024, and the petition of September 1, 2025. Ana Rodríguez Sánchez, in her capacity as director of the Área Rectora de Salud de Pavas of the Ministry of Health, or whomever occupies that position, is ordered to coordinate what is necessary and carry out all actions within the scope of her competences, for the purposes of: i) within a maximum period of FIVE DAYS, counted from the notification of this pronouncement, the petition filed on September 1, 2025, be addressed in accordance with the applicable law and the corresponding notification be made to the protected party at the means indicated for such purposes; and ii) within a period of TWO MONTHS, counted from the notification of this pronouncement, the complaint filed on June 11, 2024, be definitively resolved and the corresponding notification be made to the complainant.
All of the foregoing safeguarding personal data of restricted access, confidential and sensitive, in accordance with the regulations in force. In the event any cost is incurred as a result of required copies, it shall be borne by the interested party. The foregoing is issued with the warning that, based on the provisions of Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed upon those who receive an order that they must comply with or enforce, issued in an amparo proceeding, and do not comply with it or do not enforce it, provided that the offense is not more severely punished. The State is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the enforcement of judgment phase of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. In all other respects, the petition is dismissed. Judge Castillo Víquez files a note. Judge Salazar Alvarado files a note. Notify.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Alejandro Delgado F.
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las diez horas diez minutos del once de diciembre de dos mil veinticinco .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente número 25-029785-0007-CO, interpuesto por Nombre86988, cédula de identidad CED47632, Nombre86989, Dimex CED47633, Nombre86990, cédula de identidad CED47634, Nombre86991, cédula de identidad CED47635, Nombre86992, cédula de identidad CED47636, Nombre86993, cédula de identidad CED47637, Nombre86994, cédula de identidad CED47638, Nombre86995, cédula de identidad CED47639, Nombre86996, cédula de identidad CED47640, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN JOSÉ Y EL MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Rueda Leal; y,
Considerando:
Primeramente, debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia nro. 2008-02545 de las 08:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contenciosa‑administrativa aquellos asuntos, en los que se discute si la Administración Pública ha cumplido o no los plazos fijados por la Ley General de la Administración Pública (artículos 261 y 325) o las leyes sectoriales en los procedimientos administrativos especiales, para resolver por acto final un procedimiento administrativo ‑instruido de oficio o a instancia de parte‑ o conocer de los recursos administrativos correspondientes. Sin embargo, también ha contemplado casos de excepción a lo anterior, como sucede en la especie, toda vez que el agravio se refiere a una presunta denuncia por contaminación sónica. En este tipo de materia, la jurisprudencia constitucional ha estimado procedente la aplicación del control de constitucionalidad, de modo que se procede a resolver el sub iudice.
II-. OBJETO DEL RECURSO. Las personas amparadas residen en la urbanización La Favorita Norte. Exponen que la Municipalidad de San José comenzó a utilizar unas instalaciones de su propiedad cerca de ahí para los ensayos de la banda municipal, la cual genera contaminación sónica. Sostienen que requirieron ante el gobierno local el cese de los ensayos, pero fue rechazado por el Concejo Municipal. Afirman que el 22 de julio de 2024 y el 29 de agosto de 2025 plantearon denuncias ante el Ministerio de Salud.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
SOBRE EL MINISTERIO DE SALUD a) El 4 de marzo de 2024, un recurrente formuló la denuncia nro. 028-24 ante el Ministerio de Salud, debido al ruido generado por la banda municipal de San José. En tal ocasión se señaló como medio para recibir notificaciones ...2. (Ver prueba documental).
SOBRE LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN JOSÉ a) En la sesión ordinaria nro. 069-2025 celebrada el 26 de agosto de 2025 por el Concejo Municipal de San José se rechazó una moción para trasladar el lugar de ensayos de la banda municipal. (Ver prueba documental).
En el sub lite, las personas amparadas residen en la urbanización La Favorita Norte. Exponen que la Municipalidad de San José comenzó a utilizar unas instalaciones de su propiedad cerca de ahí para los ensayos de la banda municipal, la cual genera contaminación sónica. Sostienen que requirieron ante el gobierno local el cese de los ensayos, pero fue rechazado por el Concejo Municipal. Afirman que el 22 de julio de 2024 y el 29 de agosto de 2025 plantearon denuncias ante el Ministerio de Salud.
La Sala comprueba que, el 4 de marzo de 2024, un recurrente formuló la denuncia nro. 028-24 ante el Ministerio de Salud, debido al ruido generado por la banda municipal de San José. En tal ocasión se señaló como medio para recibir notificaciones ...2. El 7 de abril de 2024, el Área Rectora de Salud recurrida efectuó una medición sónica. Por informe técnico MS-DRRSCS-D-ARS-P-IT-0098-2024 del 12 de abril de 2024, el Ministerio de Salud determinó que la evaluación del sonido generado no supero lo establecido en la normativa. Por memorial MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-0139-2024 del 12 de abril de 2024, el Ministerio de Salud comunicó a la parte denunciante que, dado que no se verificó que se haya sobrepasado el límite de ruido permitido, lo procedente es cerrar y archivar el caso. Lo anterior fue notificado ese mismo día. El 11 de junio de 2024, el accionante Nombre86988 formuló la denuncia nro. 115-24 ante el Ministerio de Salud por el ruido generado por la banca municipal de San José.
A partir del 1° de agosto de 2024 se produjo un intercambio de correos electrónicos entre el Área Rectora de Salud de Pavas y el tutelado Nombre86988 en relación con la denuncia nro. 115-24, a fin de efectuar una medición sónica. El 25 de agosto y el 27 de octubre de 2024, el Ministerio de Salud procuró efectuar una medición sónica en el sitio denunciado, pero no fue posible. El 29 de agosto de 2025, un recurrente planteó una denuncia ante el Ministerio de Salud en relación con la problemática objeto de este asunto. El 1° de setiembre de 2025, un accionante planteó una gestión ante el Ministerio de Salud la cual dirigió ., por medio de la que solicitó “una actualización sobre la denuncia número úmero Te. En junio del año pasado solicitamos su reactivación, con el fin de que se pudieran coordinar las mediciones de sonido correspondiente (…) les agradecería si pudieran proporcionarnos un documento o informe que indique el estado actual de la denuncia y las razones por las cuales no se pudieron llevar a cabo las mediciones en ese momento”.
El 11 de setiembre de 2025, el amparado Nombre86988 fue atendido en el Área Rectora de Salud de Pavas, momento en que se le explicó, entre otras cosas, los alcances del decreto ejecutivo nro. 44486-S. El 10 de octubre de 2025, el Ministerio de Salud emitió el acta de clausura MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-AC-12-2025 en relación con el COMPLEJO RECREATIVO MUNICIPAL. El 28 de octubre de 2025, el Ministerio de Salud dictó la orden sanitaria MS-DRRSCS-DARS-P-OS-073-2025 por medio de la cual confirió un plazo de siete meses a la Municipalidad de San José para cumplir el plan de acciones correctivas MSJ-ALCALDIA-42502-2025 y aportar el nuevo certificado o informe de verificación de instalaciones eléctricas. El 30 de octubre de 2025, el Ministerio de Salud emitió un permiso sanitario de funcionamiento al Complejo Recreativo Municipal.
Primeramente, en cuanto a la denuncia formulada ante el Ministerio de Salud por uno de los accionantes el 4 de marzo de 2024 en relación con la problemática objeto de este asunto, se evidencia que esa cartera ministerial efectuó una medición sónica y, al no corroborar lo acusado, notificó desde el 12 de abril de 2024 el cierre del caso. Por ende, no se acoge el recurso en cuanto a este agravio.
De segundo, el Tribunal verifica que, el 11 de junio de 2024, el accionante Nombre86988 formuló la denuncia nro. 115-24 ante el Ministerio de Salud por el ruido generado por la banca municipal de San José. Acerca de esto, aun cuando se verifica que se produjo un intercambio de correos electrónicos entre el denunciante y la cartera ministerial recurrida, así como que esta procuró efectuar una medición sónica en dos ocasiones, no menos cierto es que no se tiene por demostrado que el Ministerio de Salud haya continuado la tramitación de la denuncia y, por ende, que la haya resuelto. Así las cosas, procede estimar el recurso en lo que a este agravio concierne.
De tercero, si bien consta que el 29 de agosto de 2025 se formuló una nueva denuncia ante esa cartera ministerial, no menos cierto es que al momento en que se acudió ante esta Cámara especializada, a saber, 29 de setiembre de 2025, no había transcurrido un plazo lapso abiertamente arbitrario ni desproporcionado, por lo que el recurso deviene prematuro en cuanto a este extremo.
Por último, esta Cámara verifica que, el 1° de setiembre de 2025, un accionante planteó una gestión ante el Ministerio de Salud la cual dirigió ...2, por medio de la que solicitó “una actualización sobre la denuncia número 0128-2024. En junio del año pasado solicitamos su reactivación, con el fin de que se pudieran coordinar las mediciones de sonido correspondiente (…) les agradecería si pudieran proporcionarnos un documento o informe que indique el estado actual de la denuncia y las razones por las cuales no se pudieron llevar a cabo las mediciones en ese momento”. Acerca de esto, aun cuando la autoridad recurrida sostiene que en la reunión que se efectuó el 11 de setiembre de 2025 con el amparado Nombre86988 se le explicaron cuestiones relacionadas con tal gestión, no se verifica que esta haya sido atendida formalmente, lo que resulta lesivo de los derechos fundamentales de la parte tutelada. En consecuencia, se declara con lugar el recurso en lo que a este extremo refiere.
V.De otro lado, en cuanto a la Municipalidad de San José, la Sala tiene por demostrado que en la sesión ordinaria nro. 069-2025 celebrada el 26 de agosto de 2025 por el Concejo Municipal de San José se rechazó una moción para trasladar el lugar de ensayos de la banda municipal. Por memorial DSC-573-2025 del 10 de noviembre de 2025, el Departamento de Servicios Culturales de la Municipalidad de San José detalló que la banda municipal realiza sus prácticas artísticas y formativas en el Centro Recreativo de Empleados Municipales en un horario de 8:00 a las 17:00 horas.
Así las cosas, no consta que las personas amparadas hayan planteado alguna gestión específica ante la Municipalidad de San José en relación con esta problemática. En ese sentido, lo único que se evidencia es que el Consejo Municipal de ese cantón conoció una moción para trasladar de sitió los ensayos de la mencionada banda municipal, lo cual fue rechazada. Ahora, en caso de que lo planteado por la parte accionante en cuanto a este extremo sea una disconformidad con la decisión adoptada por ese órgano colegiado, adviértase que no compete a este Tribunal analizar, de acuerdo con la normativa infraconstitucional que rige la materia y las particularidades del caso bajo estudio, si tal rechazo fue o no procedente. Tampoco corresponde a esta sede constitucional determinar si los ensayos de la banda municipal deben ser o no trasladados a otro lugar, ni establecer si durante tales ensayos se excede el ruido permitido en la normativa aplicable en los términos acusados.
En virtud de lo expuesto, no se comprueba la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte amparada por la Municipalidad de San José en los términos en que fue planteado el recurso.
He apoyado la tesis de este Tribunal, de que cuando el justiciable alega una vulneración al derecho a una justicia pronta y cumplida en sede administrativa, quienes deben conocer la controversia jurídica son los Tribunales de lo Contencioso-Administrativo y no esta Sala. Ahora bien, con la reciente promulgación de la Ley n.° 9097, Ley de Regulación del Derecho de Petición, se ha establecido que ese derecho es susceptible de tutela judicial por medio del recurso de amparo establecido por el artículo 32 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, en relación con el artículo 27 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, en aquellos casos en que el peticionario considere que las actuaciones materiales de la Administración, sus actos administrativos o su respuesta le estén afectando sus derechos fundamentales. A mi modo de ver, la normativa recién promulgada no implica que este Tribunal deba modificar su línea jurisprudencial, quien, con base en el numeral 7 de su Ley, le corresponde definir exclusivamente su propia competencia.
Por ende, salvo aquellas controversias jurídico-constitucionales que han sido reconocidas por esta misma Sala como supuestos de excepción, que sí proceden ser conocidas en esta jurisdicción a través del proceso constitucional de garantía del amparo, en los demás casos, y por las razones que ha dado este Tribunal (sentencia N° 2008-02545 de las 8:55 horas de 22 de febrero de 2008), los competentes son los Jueces de la jurisdicción de lo contencioso-administrativo, todo lo cual es conforme al numeral 25, de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, el Derecho de la Constitución (valores, principios y normas) y las normas legales correspondientes con base en una interpretación lógica, sistémica y teleológica del ordenamiento.
En asuntos ambientales, es criterio del suscrito, que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que los recurrentes indican que residen en la urbanización La Favorita Norte. Exponen que la Municipalidad de San José comenzó a utilizar unas instalaciones de su propiedad cerca de ahí para los ensayos de la banda municipal, la cual genera contaminación sónica. Sostienen que requirieron ante el gobierno local el cese de los ensayos, pero fue rechazado por el Concejo Municipal. Afirman que el 22 de julio de 2024 y el 29 de agosto de 2025 plantearon denuncias ante el Ministerio de Salud. Explican, que la situación no se ha resuelto en forma definitiva.
Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel u objetos o pruebas contenidos en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte que será destruido todo material que no sea recogido dentro de ese lapso, con base en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (aprobado por la Corte Plena en el artículo XXVI de la sesión nro. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011 y publicado en el Boletín Judicial nro. 19 del 26 de enero de 2012) y en el artículo LXXXI de la sesión del Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial nro. 43-12 de 3 de mayo de 2012.
Por tanto:
Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, solo en cuanto al Ministerio de Salud por la falta de atención debida de la denuncia del 11 de junio de 2024 y de la gestión del 1° de setiembre de 2025. Se le ordena a Ana Rodríguez Sánchez, en su condición de directora del Área Rectora de Salud de Pavas del Ministerio de Salud, o a quien en su lugar ocupe ese cargo, que coordine lo necesario y lleve a cabo todas las actuaciones dentro del ámbito de sus competencias, a los efectos de que: i) en el plazo máximo de CINCO DÍAS, contado a partir de la notificación de este pronunciamiento, se atienda conforme a derecho corresponda la gestión formulada el 1° de setiembre de 2025 y se le notifique lo correspondiente a la parte amparada al medio señalado para tales efectos; y ii) en el plazo de DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de este pronunciamiento, se resuelva de manera definitiva la denuncia planteada el 11 de junio de 2024 y se notifique lo correspondiente a la parte denunciante.
Todo lo anterior salvaguardando los datos personales de acceso restringido, confidenciales y sensibles, de acuerdo con la normativa vigente. En caso de incurrirse en algún costo producto de las copias requeridas, el mismo correrá a cargo de la parte interesada. Lo anterior se dicta con el apercibimiento de que con base en lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quienes recibieren una orden que deban cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y que no la cumplieren o no la hicieren cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. El magistrado Castillo Víquez pone nota. El magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota. Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Alejandro Delgado F.
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