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Res. 39353-2025 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 28/11/2025
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber upholds the non-compliance claim, orders immediate compliance with the 2020 judgment, and denies the extension requested by the TAA.La Sala acoge la gestión de inejecución, ordena cumplimiento inmediato de la sentencia de 2020 y deniega la prórroga solicitada por el TAA.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber addresses a second non-compliance claim filed by the petitioners against the Environmental Administrative Tribunal (TAA) and the Ministry of Health. The original 2020 judgment ordered the TAA to resolve administrative case 410-09-02-TAA within two months and the Ministry of Health to follow up on a health order. More than five years have passed without compliance. The TAA reports that the collegiate body was only recently integrated on September 30, 2025, to continue the hearing and requests an additional two-month extension. The Ministry of Health details numerous actions, including warrants, but acknowledges that SINAC and CNE reports rule out environmental damage and risk in the area, concluding the health order may lack current interest. The Chamber rejects the TAA’s extension request and upholds the non-compliance claim against both authorities, ordering immediate compliance under warning of sending certified copies to the Public Prosecutor’s Office for the crime of disobedience.La Sala Constitucional resuelve una segunda gestión de inejecución presentada por los recurrentes contra el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo (TAA) y el Ministerio de Salud. La sentencia original de 2020 ordenó al TAA resolver el expediente 410-09-02-TAA en dos meses y al Ministerio de Salud dar seguimiento a una resolución sanitaria. Han transcurrido más de cinco años sin cumplimiento. El TAA informa que recién el 30 de septiembre de 2025 pudo integrarse el órgano colegiado para continuar la audiencia y solicita dos meses más de prórroga. El Ministerio de Salud detalla múltiples gestiones, incluyendo allanamientos, pero reconoce que informes del SINAC y la CNE descartan daño ambiental y riesgo en la zona, por lo que considera que la orden sanitaria podría carecer de interés actual. La Sala desestima la prórroga del TAA y acoge la gestión de desobediencia contra ambas autoridades, ordenando cumplimiento inmediato bajo apercibimiento de testimoniar piezas al Ministerio Público por el delito de desobediencia.
Key excerptExtracto clave
It is reiterated to Adriana Bejarano Alfaro in her capacity as Acting President Judge, and it is ordered to Mario Hidalgo Ramírez as Substitute Judge, both of the Environmental Administrative Tribunal, and it is ordered to Mariela de los Ángeles Marín Mena, in her capacity as Vice Minister of Health, or whoever holds these positions, to proceed with immediate compliance with the provisions of this Chamber in judgment No. 2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020. The foregoing, under the warning that, if disobedience is proven, certified copies may be ordered to be sent to the Public Prosecutor’s Office for the possible commission of the crime of disobedience (articles 53 and 71 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law). Regarding the request for an extension of time, the motion is denied.Se reitera a Adriana Bejarano Alfaro en su condición Juez Presidenta a.i. y se ordena a Mario Hidalgo Ramírez, en condición de Juez Suplente, ambos del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y se ordena a Mariela de los Ángeles Marín Mena, en su condición de Viceministra del Ministerio de Salud, o quienes ocupen dichos cargos, que procedan a dar cumplimiento inmediato de lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 9:20 del 11 de setiembre de 2020. Lo anterior, bajo la advertencia de que, de acreditarse la desobediencia, se podrá ordenar testimoniar piezas ante el Ministerio Público por la eventual comisión del delito de desobediencia (artículos 53 y 71 de la ley de la jurisdicción constitucional). En cuanto a la solicitud de ampliación del plazo planteada, se declara no ha lugar a la gestión formulada.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Esta Sala no puede aceptar que la falta de recursos económicos sea un límite entre el respeto y la violación de los derechos esenciales de los seres humanos…"
"This Chamber cannot accept that the lack of economic resources is a limit between respect and violation of the essential rights of human beings…"
Considerando II
"Esta Sala no puede aceptar que la falta de recursos económicos sea un límite entre el respeto y la violación de los derechos esenciales de los seres humanos…"
Considerando II
"Se ordena a […] que procedan a dar cumplimiento inmediato de lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia N° 2020-017177 […] bajo la advertencia de que, de acreditarse la desobediencia, se podrá ordenar testimoniar piezas ante el Ministerio Público por la eventual comisión del delito de desobediencia."
"It is ordered to […] to proceed with immediate compliance with the provisions of this Chamber in judgment No. 2020-017177 […] under the warning that, if disobedience is proven, certified copies may be ordered to be sent to the Public Prosecutor's Office for the possible commission of the crime of disobedience."
Por tanto
"Se ordena a […] que procedan a dar cumplimiento inmediato de lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia N° 2020-017177 […] bajo la advertencia de que, de acreditarse la desobediencia, se podrá ordenar testimoniar piezas ante el Ministerio Público por la eventual comisión del delito de desobediencia."
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours twenty minutes on the twenty-eighth of November, two thousand twenty-five.
Subsequent proceeding filed by Nombre60495 and Nombre99486, in relation to judgment No. 2020-017177 of 9:20 on September 11, 2020.
Whereas:
1. Biol. Karla Alvarado Cajiao, official of SETENA of MINAE 2. Eng. Danny Olivares Rivera, Coordinator of the Tárcoles Central Pacific Hydrological Unit of the Water Directorate of MINAE, the latter in capacity of witness and/or expert.
DAY Address6555: 08:30 to 15:00 hours 1. Geographer Ileana Méndez Ocampo, head of the Cantonal Risk and Emergency Attention Office of the Municipality of Moravia. 2. Eng. Randall Madrigal Ledezma, Director of Territorial Planning and Services, of the Municipality of Santo Domingo de Heredia. 3. Licda. Liliana Rivera Monge, official of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area of the Ministry of Health. 4. Luis Diego Rubí Bolaños, official of the Municipality of Santo Domingo de Heredia.
DAY October 30: 08:30 to 15:00 hours 1. Eng. Meryll Arias Quirós, official of the Heredia Office, Central Conservation Area. 2. Carlos Carballo Sánchez, official of the Heredia Subregional Office, of the Central Conservation Area SINAC-MINAE. 3. Daniel Barquero Quirós, Municipality of Nombre99468 DAY October 31: 08:30 to 15:00 hours 1. Nombre51956, identity card number CED26179. 2. Nombre51957, identity card number CED26180. 3. Sandra Álvarez Cubillo, identity card number CED26181.
DAY November 4: 08:30 to 15:00 hours • Closing Arguments (...)" Based on the foregoing, this Tribunal considers it necessary to request from this Honorable Chamber a two-month extension to comply with what was ordered in resolution No. 2020-017177 at nine hours and twenty minutes on the eleventh of September of the year two thousand twenty, given that, as can be observed, it was not until the thirtieth day of September of this year that the Collegiate Body was integrated to be able to continue with the processing of the oral and public hearing and, once said proceeding is finished, proceed to issue the Final Act. It requests that the appeal be declared without merit.
On June 12, 2024, Dr. Karina Garita Montoya sent to email ...790 official communication MS-DM-2708-2025 with the subject “Monitoring and response to resolution N°2024004425 case file 20-012211-007-CO” addressed to the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, signed by Dr. Mary Munive Anguermuller as Minister of Health and Dr. Kimberly Madrigal Rodríguez as Director of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area. On August 12, 2024, the DARSSD sent official communication MS-DRRSCN-DARSSD-1232-2024 to Dr. Karina Garita requesting technical-legal support in the Rental Trigal Case. On August 29, 2024, a report was received from the National System of Conservation Areas, SINACACC-PNE-inf-045-2023, which concludes “…based on the surveys conducted, there is certainty that there is no encroachment onto the 10 meters of protection of the Río Virilla…” and additionally, “On the river bank, consolidated vegetation was observed and no evidence of environmental crimes was observed.” On this same day, we received the Technical Report issued by the National Emergency Commission, CNE-UIAR-INF-1088-2023, which indicates “…the environment corresponding to the right bank of the Virilla River and the surroundings of the Bodegas Trigal was analyzed… for the purpose of establishing recommendations regarding the current conditions of the dike and warehouses.” and “to date, there is no direct threat of impact due to lateral erosion effects on the right bank of the Virilla River towards the warehouses.” On October 31, 2024, official communication MS-DRRSCN-2893-2024 was sent to Dr. Mary Munive Angermüller and Lic. Ronald Chinchilla González, as director of Legal Affairs of the Ministry of Health, requesting follow-up on the proceedings in the Constitutional Chamber and a pronouncement on definitive actions.
To date, we have received no response. On November 5, 2024, official communication MS-DRRSCN-DARSSD-1697-2024 was sent to Mr. Name99486, Mr. Name60495, and Mrs. Yenory Ovares, indicating that the request had been sent to the Minister of Health. On March 18, 2025, through official communication MS-DRRSCN-DARSSD-0356-2025, Dr. Kimberly Madrigal Rodríguez sent to Dr. Karina Garita Montoya a request for follow-up on the Grupo Rental Name99487 case and instructions on how to proceed. On March 19, 2025, through official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSCN-583-2025, Dr. Karina Garita Montoya requested from Dr. Mary Munive Angermuller and Lic. Ronald Chinchilla González, once again, follow-up on the case in question, as well as an indication of the institutional course of action. To date, we have received no response. On May 26, 2025, official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSCN-DARSSD-0687-2025 was sent to Ing. Alejandro Picado Eduarte, president of the National Emergency Commission, requesting the issuance of criteria indicating whether the aforementioned report remains valid and whether indeed there is no direct threat from erosion effects, meaning there would be no environmental impact or risk to human health.
On this same day, CARTA-MS-DRRSCN-DARSSD-0686-2025 was issued to Lic. David Chavarría Morales, Executive Director of the National System of Conservation Areas, requesting the issuance of criteria indicating whether the aforementioned report remains valid and whether indeed there is no encroachment in the zone, meaning there would be no environmental impact or risk to human health. To date, we have received no response from SINAC. On May 29, 2025, official communication CNE-PRE-OF-243-2025 was received, signed by Mr. Alejandro Picado Eduarte, issuing criteria that ratifies the validity of CNE-UIAR-INF-1088-2023. On October 29, 2025, CARTA-MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-1582-2025 was sent to Dr. Mary Munive Angermuller and Lic. Ronald Chinchilla González for follow-up on the request for instructions to address the Rental Trigal company case; we are currently awaiting a response. In view of the foregoing, we are currently awaiting technical and legal advice from the authorities on how to proceed, given that we have the resolution of the Constitutional Chamber and the criteria from the National Emergency Commission and the National System of Conservation, which conflict because, according to these latter two institutions, there is no risk at the site.
NOTE: During 2021, this directorate attended hearings at the Administrative Environmental Tribunal; a conciliation with the parties was determined, but no agreement was reached; we are currently in hearings with the same tribunal. Personnel from this Governing Area have been summoned by the Criminal Court of Heredia to appear on January 16, 2026.” Before referring to the case in question, this office, esteemed magistrates, considers it appropriate to make reference to official communication MS-DM-4949-2024 of September 9, 2024, signed by Dr. Mary Denisse Munive Angermüller, Minister of Health, and Dr. Kimberly Madrigal Rodríguez, director of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area, which was sent to the Constitutional Chamber as follow-up to the amparo (amparo) that concerns us, specifically in response to the follow-up provided to the provisions of the honorable Chamber in resolution 2024004425, and through which it was indicated, in relevant part, that:
“In follow-up to Resolution N°2024004425 and to case file 20-012211-0007-CO, it is reported that the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area conducted visits to the company Rental Name99487 without gaining entry; therefore, together with the Central North Regional Directorate of Health Governance and with advice from officials of the Directorate of Legal Affairs and the Ministerial Office, the Contraventional Court of Santo Domingo was requested to authorize a raid on the company Renta Trigal; this was carried out on Wednesday, April 24 of the current year, where noncompliance with the sanitary order (ordenamiento sanitario) MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-2056-2020 was verified, as well as the operation of a commercial activity without a sanitary operating permit (permiso sanitario de funcionamiento, PSF). Furthermore, on August 28, 2024, the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area was informed of a report SINAC-ACC-PNE-inf-045-2023 issued by officials of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), which concludes that ‘…based on the surveys conducted, there is certainty that there is no encroachment onto the 10 meters of protection of the Río Virilla…’ and additionally, ‘On the river bank, consolidated vegetation was observed and no evidence of environmental crimes was observed.’ Added to this, the Technical Report CNE-UIAR-INF-1088-2023 issued by the National Emergency Commission was received, which indicates, among other things, ‘to date, there is no direct threat of impact due to lateral erosion effects on the right bank of the Virilla River towards the warehouses.’ Therefore, based on both criteria, which are binding on our institution, the appropriate course of action would be to declare the sanitary order MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-2056-2020 as lacking current legitimate interest (falto de interés actual) and to warn the administered party to process the sanitary operating permit corresponding to the activity conducted at the site.
Likewise, with all due respect and in order to present the case clearly and in detail, an in-person hearing is requested to present and clarify the particulars corresponding to the case in question.” As can be seen from the report rendered, the actions of the health authorities have been entirely within their technical and legal competencies; it is imperative to clarify to the honorable magistrate that the Ministry of Health acts subject to the legal order, and it must be understood that its actions are purely administrative, and that the only coercive mechanism it possesses is the issuance of sanitary orders, which must (in the best of cases) be complied with by the administered parties to whom they are directed. It is through these acts—motivated by the sanitary reports issued following the on-site verification of facts that generate potential harm to the health of individuals and the environment—that corrective measures are ordered.
However, compelling a party to comply with the orders issued, when that party refuses, proves to be a truly difficult situation for the administration; therefore, in accordance with the legal order, recourse must be had to judicial instances in the face of the disobedience of administered parties (for example, the Public Ministry) to enforce compliance.
As is clear from official communication CARTA-MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-1647-2025, the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area, within the framework of its competencies, requested a raid, which was carried out on April 24, 2024. The raid on the company Rental Name99487 was conducted by this health authority, with the accompaniment of the judge of the Contraventional Court of Santo Domingo, the Public Force, and the Municipality of Santo Domingo, where noncompliance with both the closure and suspension of activities N° MS-DRRSCN-DARSS-2056-2020 and the closure and suspension of activities N° MS-DRRSCN-DARSS-3467-2020 was verified. Subsequently, on August 28, 2024, the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area was informed of a report SINAC-ACC-PNE-inf-045-2023 issued by officials of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), which concludes that ‘…based on the surveys conducted, there is certainty that there is no encroachment onto the 10 meters of protection of the Río Virilla…’ and additionally, ‘On the river bank, consolidated vegetation was observed and no evidence of environmental crimes was observed.’ Furthermore, we are aware of the technical report CNE-UIAR-INF-1088-2023 issued by the National Emergency Commission, which indicates that ‘to date, there is no direct threat of impact due to lateral erosion effects on the right bank of the Virilla River towards the warehouses.’ Therefore, the Ministerial Office and the directorate of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area considered, in view of both criteria, to inform, according to official communication MS-DM-4949-2024 of September 9, 2024, the constitutional magistrates that the technically appropriate course of action would be to declare the sanitary order MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-2056-2020 as lacking current legitimate interest and to warn the administered party to process the corresponding sanitary operating permit.
The Ministry of Health has carried out, in accordance with its competency, each and every one of the administrative actions within its purview, and has issued the corresponding sanitary orders, as well as the closure of the property. Within the framework of its competencies, there is no evidence from the reports rendered by SINAC and the National Emergency Commission indicating that environmental contamination is being produced. It should be clarified that the Ministry of Health does not grant commercial licenses; it only issues a sanitary operating permit, and that is what we inspect—the physical-sanitary conditions of the property, regarding which there is no complaint. It is within the purview of other institutions such as SINAC, the National Emergency Commission, and the Municipality to determine whether a commercial activity may operate on the banks of rivers or waterways, or other areas, and the reports or technical criteria issued by those institutions are binding on the actions of the health authorities stationed at the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area, which has, within the framework of its competencies, issued orders—such as the one stated to lack current legitimate interest—because the property does not have conditions that generate risk or danger to the health of individuals.
It must be noted, esteemed magistrates, that although the aforementioned directorate of the Health Governing Area participated in hearings at the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, and it was determined to conduct a conciliation with the parties, to date it is not known whether an agreement has been reached, and the aforementioned authorities have been summoned for January 16, 2026, before the Criminal Court of Heredia, in proceedings related to the case.” They request that the action be declared without merit.
Drafted by Magistrate Cruz Castro; and,
Considering:
“The appeal is partially granted against the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area of Heredia. Ligia Umaña Ledezma, in her capacity as Presiding Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and as Processing Judge of case files ending in 02-TAA, or whoever substitutes her in that position, is ordered to take the necessary actions to resolve case file no. 410-09-02-TAA as legally appropriate and to notify the resolution to the protected party, all within a period not exceeding 2 months, counted from the hearing to be held on September 1, 2020. Likewise, Pedro González Morera, in his capacity as Vice Minister of Health, or whoever substitutes him in that position, is ordered to take the necessary actions to follow up on resolution 001252-F-S1-2020. The foregoing under the warning that, upon failure to comply with said order, he will incur the crime of disobedience (desobediencia) and that, in accordance with article 71 of the Law of this Jurisdiction, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo proceeding, and does not comply with it or does not enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely punished.
The State is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts serving as the basis for this declaration, which shall be liquidated in the execution of judgment of the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. In all other respects, the appeal is denied. Magistrate Salazar Alvarado appends a note.” Said resolution was notified to the respondent parties by email on September 29, 2020.
Subsequently, through interlocutory resolution No. 2021007879 of 9:40 a.m. on April 20, 2021, this Chamber ordered the following:
“Ligia Umaña Ledezma, in her capacity as Presiding Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and as Processing Judge of case files ending in 02-TAA, or whoever holds that position, is reiterated to comply with the provisions of Judgment N° 2020-017177 of 09:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020, under the warning of ordering the testimony of pieces before the Public Ministry for the crime provided for in article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction. Notify this Judgment to the respondent, personally.” Said resolution was notified to the respondent parties by email on April 22, 2021.
Next, in response to a new noncompliance action, through interlocutory resolution No. 2021019746 of 10:06 a.m. on September 3, 2021, this Chamber ordered:
“The action filed is granted. Elizabeth Araya Jiménez, in her capacity as Presiding Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and as Processing Judge of case files ending in 02-TAA, or whoever holds that position, is ordered to comply with the provisions of Judgment N° 2020-017177 of 09:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020, under the warning of ordering the testimony of pieces before the Public Ministry for the crime provided for in article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction. Notify.” The same was notified to the respondent authorities on September 21, 2021.
Furthermore, by resolution 2024004425 of 9:50 a.m. on February 20, 2024, this Chamber resolved the non-execution action raised on November 13, 2023, in the following terms:
“IV.- REGARDING THE ACTION RAISED. In the instant case, the petitioner again raises a subsequent action in relation to judgment N° 2020-017177 of 09:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020. Regarding compliance by the Directorate of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area. In the report provided to this Chamber by the Ministry of Health authority, the actions taken by the health authority to follow up on resolution 001252-F-S1-2020, as ordered in judgment no. 2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 12, 2020, are described. Among the latest measures adopted, it is noteworthy that on January 18, 2023, a complaint for disobedience to the health authority was filed with the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic against Mr. Name51955, filed under complaint number N° MS-DM-CP-1013-2022, signed by Dr. Pedro González Morera, then Acting Minister of Health. Furthermore, on September 13, 2023, an institutional meeting was held with the participation of the Directorate of Legal Affairs, the General Directorate of Health, Lic. Jorge Jinesta, Regional Attorney, and the reporting authorities.
It was agreed to gather evidence to proceed with a new request for a raid and the referral of the case background so that one of the Advisors could handle it. Moreover, on September 26, 2023, the Directorate of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area sent official communication MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-1437-2023 to email ...791 requesting information from the Administrative Environmental Tribunal regarding the current status of the case, as well as progress or follow-up actions carried out by said instance. On September 27, 2023, the Directorate of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area sent an email to the Central North Regional Directorate of Health Governance requesting support to follow up on the proceeding for Disobedience to Authority filed against Mr. Name51955. On September 28, 2023, again, through official communication MS-DRRSCN-2163-2023, the Regional Directorate requested information from the Directorate of Legal Affairs regarding the processing of the Disobedience Action filed since November 12, 2021, against Mr.
Name51955, but to date no response has been obtained. On November 16, 2023, the Directorate of the Santo Domingo Health Governing Area sent an email to the Regional Directorate requesting follow-up information on the Rental Trigal company case. From what has been described, although it is observed that the Ministry of Health has faced significant difficulties in accessing the site for the purpose of taking actions to enter the property and comply with what was ordered in decision 001252-F-S1-2020, as indicated in vote 2020-017177 whose non-execution is alleged; the truth is that, beyond the complaint filed with the Public Ministry in January 2023 and some requests for information made in follow-up to what was ordered, the respondent health authorities have not taken sufficient effective measures in this matter. For example, the raid request that was indicated as being considered for adoption since September 13, 2023, does not appear to have received any follow-up, which makes clear to this Chamber the non-execution of this Court's order.
Regarding the Administrative Environmental Tribunal. In this regard, this Chamber notes that despite its arguments and the reasons why the process could not be completed, and that since January 2024, given the resignation of the only two substitute judges the Tribunal had, a material impossibility to integrate the Tribunal was configured; the fact is that, this does not justify the delay of more than 3 years incurred by your represented entity. In this case, disobedience to what was ordered in judgment N° 2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 12, 2020, is established, and the action filed is appropriate. However, given that the individuals currently holding the positions of Minister of Health and Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal are not the same as those to whom the order was issued in the aforementioned pronouncement, compliance with what was ordered therein is directed to those who currently hold such positions.
(…) Therefore: The action filed is granted. Mario Urcuyo Solórzano, in his capacity as Acting Minister of Health, and Adriana Bejarano Alfaro, in her capacity as Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, are ordered to immediately comply with the provisions of judgment no. 2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 12, 2020. The respondents are warned that, according to article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction, a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo proceeding, and does not comply with it or does not enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely punished. Notify.” The same was notified to the respondent authorities on February 21, 2024.
IV.REGARDING THE NEW NONCOMPLIANCE ACTION AND REQUEST FOR EXTENSION OF TIME RAISED BY THE ADMINISTRATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TRIBUNAL. Currently, in response to the noncompliance action being heard here, according to what she again states in her report, Adriana Bejarano Alfaro, in her capacity as Acting Presiding Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, the lack of timely compliance with what was ordered in the judgment—whose non-execution is claimed through this avenue—is due to the fact that it was only recently: on September 30, 2025, that the Collegiate Body was integrated to continue the processing of the oral and public hearing within the proceeding of interest; which, once held, will lead to the issuance of the final act. In her response, she asks this Chamber to grant a further extension of two months to the Administrative Environmental Tribunal to comply with what was ordered in resolution N°2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020.
Based on the foregoing considerations, this Chamber notes that the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, despite an extremely long period of 5 years having elapsed, has not complied with what this Chamber ordered. Similarly, from the report rendered by the representative of the Ministry of Health, it is inferred that the appropriate measures to comply with what was ordered have not yet been taken. Consequently, the disobedience action is accepted, and the request for an extension of time raised by the Presiding Judge of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal is dismissed, as hereby ordered.
Therefore:
It is reiterated to Adriana Bejarano Alfaro, in her capacity as Acting Presiding Judge, and Mario Hidalgo Ramírez, in his capacity as Substitute Judge, both of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, and Mariela de los Ángeles Marín Mena, in her capacity as Vice Minister of the Ministry of Health, or whoever holds those positions, are ordered to proceed with the immediate compliance of the provisions ordered by this Chamber in judgment N° 2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020. The foregoing under the warning that, if disobedience is established, the testimony of pieces may be ordered before the Public Ministry for the possible commission of the crime of disobedience (articles 53 and 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction). Regarding the request for an extension of the term raised, the action filed is declared without merit. Notify this resolution and judgment N° 2020-017177 of 9:20 a.m. on September 11, 2020, personally to Mario Hidalgo Ramírez and to Mariela de los Ángeles Marín Mena, in her capacity as Vice Minister of Health. Notify.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
*JUQVFWHMRWG61* Telephones: Telf7268/ (Telf10). Fax: Telf07 / Telf08. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección09, Dirección05, 100 mts. South of the Perpetuo Socorro church).
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 08-05-2026 11:50:26.
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del veintiocho de noviembre de dos mil veinticinco .
Gestión posterior planteada por Nombre60495 y Nombre99486, en relación con la sentencia No. 2020-017177 de las 9:20 del 11 de setiembre de 2020.
Resultando:
1. Biól. Karla Alvarado Cajiao, funcionaria de la SETENA del MINAE 2. Ing. Danny Olivares Rivera, Coordinador de la Unidad Hidrológica Tárcoles Pacífico Central de la Dirección de Agua del MINAE, este último en calidad de testigo y/o de perito.
DIA Dirección6555: 08:30 a las 15:00 horas 1. Geógrafa Ileana Méndez Ocampo, encargada de la Oficina de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias Cantonales de la Municipalidad de Moravia. 2. Ing. Randall Madrigal Ledezma, Director de Servicios y Ordenamiento Territorial, de la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia. 3. Licda. Liliana Rivera Monge, funcionaria del Área Rectora de Salud Santo Domingo del Ministerio de Salud. 4. Luis Diego Rubí Bolaños, funcionario de la Municipalidad de Santo Domingo de Heredia.
DIA 30 de octubre: 08:30 a las 15:00 horas 1. Ing. Meryll Arias Quirós, funcionaria de la Oficina de Heredia, Área de Conservación Central. 2. Carlos Carballo Sánchez, funcionario de la Oficina Subregional Heredia, del Área de Conservación Central SINAC-MINAE. 3. Daniel Barquero Quirós, Municipalidad de Nombre99468 DIA 31 de octubre: 08:30 a las 15:00 horas 1. Nombre51956, cédula de identidad número CED26179. 2. Nombre51957, cédula de identidad número CED26180. 3. Sandra Álvarez Cubillo, cédula de identidad número CED26181.
DIA 4 de noviembre: 08:30 a las 15:00 horas • Conclusiones (…)” De lo expuesto anteriormente, este Tribunal considera necesario solicitar a esta Honorable Sala una prórroga de dos meses para cumplir con lo ordenado en la resolución N°2020-017177 de las nueve horas con veinte minutos del once de setiembre del año dos mil veinte, siendo que como se puede observar fue hasta el día treinta de setiembre del presente año que se integró el Órgano Colegiado para poder continuar con la tramitación de la audiencia oral y pública y proceder una vez terminada dicha diligencia a dictar el Acto Final. Pide se declare sin lugar el recurso.
Redacta el Magistrado Cruz Castro; y,
Considerando:
“Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, en contra del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y Área Rectora de Salud de Santo Domingo de Heredia. Se ordena a Ligia Umaña Ledezma en su condición de Jueza Titular de Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y como Jueza Tramitadora de los expedientes finalizados en 02-TAA, o a quien en su lugar ejerza ese cargo, que realice las actuaciones necesarias para que se resuelva el expediente n.° 410-09-02-TAA como en derecho corresponda y se notifique lo resuelto a la parte amparada, todo en un plazo no mayor a 2 meses, contado a partir de la audiencia que se efectuará el 1 de setiembre de 2020. Asimismo, se ordena a Pedro González Morera en su condición de Viceministro de Salud o a quien en su lugar ejerza ese cargo, que realice las actuaciones necesarias, a fin de dar seguimiento a la resolución 001252-F-S1-2020. Lo anterior bajo la advertencia que, de no acatar la orden dicha, incurrirá en el delito de desobediencia y que, de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de esta jurisdicción, se le impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.
Se condena al Estado al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado pone nota.”.
Tal resolución fue notificada a las partes recurridas por correo electrónico el 29 de setiembre de 2020.
Posteriormente, mediante la resolución interlocutoria No. 2021007879 de las 9:40 horas del 20 de abril de 2021, esta Sala dispuso lo siguiente:
“Se reitera a Ligia Umaña Ledezma en su condición de Jueza Titular de Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y como Jueza Tramitadora de los expedientes finalizados en 02-TAA, o a quien ocupe su cargo, el cumplimiento de lo dispuesto en la Sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 09:20 horas del 11 de septiembre de 2020, bajo la advertencia de ordenar el testimonio de piezas ante el Ministerio Público por el delito previsto en el artículo 71, de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional. Notifíquese esta Sentencia a la recurrida, en forma personal.-.” Tal resolución fue notificada a las partes recurridas por correo electrónico el 22 de abril de 2021.
Seguidamente, en respuesta a una nueva gestión de incumplimiento, mediante la resolución interlocutoria N º 2021019746 de las 10:06 horas del 3 de setiembre de 2021, esta Sala dispuso:
“Se acoge la gestión formulada. Se le ordena a Elizabeth Araya Jiménez en su condición de Jueza Titular de Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y como Jueza Tramitadora de los expedientes finalizados en 02-TAA, o a quien ocupe su cargo, el cumplimiento de lo dispuesto en la Sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 09:20 horas del 11 de septiembre de 2020, bajo la advertencia de ordenar el testimonio de piezas ante el Ministerio Público por el delito previsto en el artículo 71, de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional. Notifíquese.” La misma fue notificada a las autoridades recurridas el 21 de setiembre de 2021.
Además, por la resolución 2024004425 de las 9:50 horas del 20 de febrero de 2024, esta Sala resolvió la gestión de inejecución planteada el 13 de noviembre de 2023, en el siguiente sentido:
“IV.- SOBRE LA GESTIÓN PLANTEADA. En la especie, el recurrente plantea nuevamente gestión posterior en relación con la sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 09:20 horas del 11 de septiembre de 2020. En cuanto al cumplimiento por parte la Dirección del Área Rectora de Salud de Domingo. En el informe dado a esta Sala por la autoridad del Ministerio de Salud, se describen las acciones realizadas por parte de la autoridad sanitaria para dar seguimiento a la resolución 001252-F-S1-2020, como le fuera ordenado en la sentencia n° 2020-017177 de las 9:20 horas del 12 de setiembre de 2020. Entre las últimas gestiones adoptadas destaca que el 18 de enero de 2023 planteó ante la Fiscalía General de la República, denuncia por desobediencia a la autoridad sanitaria, contra el señor Nombre51955, consignada bajo el número de denuncia N° MS-DM-CP-1013-2022, suscrita por el Dr. Pedro González Morera, en su entonces Ministro a.i. de Salud.
Además, el 13 de setiembre 2023, realizó reunión en institucional en la que participó la Dirección de Asuntos Jurídicos, la Dirección General de Salud, el Lic. Jorge Jinesta, Abogado Regional y las autoridades informantes, se acordó gestionar evidencias para proceder a gestionar una nueva solicitud de allanamiento y la remisión de los antecedentes del caso para que uno de los Asesores. Además, el 26 de setiembre 2023, desde la Dirección del Área Rectora de Salud Santo Domingo se envió oficio MS-DRRSRCN-DARSSD-1437- 2023 al correo electrónico ...791 solicitando información al Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo con respecto al estado en el que se encuentra actualmente el caso, así como avances o acciones de seguimiento que se han llevado a cabo por parte de dicha instancia. El 27 de setiembre 2023, desde la Dirección del Área Rectora de Salud Santo Domingo se envió a la Dirección Regional de Rectoría de la Salud Central Norte correo electrónico solicitando apoyo para dar seguimiento al trámite de Gestión de desobediencia a la autoridad planteada contra el Sr Nombre51955.
El 28 de setiembre 2023, nuevamente, mediante oficio MS-DRRSCN-2163-2023 la Dirección Regional solicitó a la Dirección de Asuntos Jurídicos información sobre el trámite de Gestión de desobediencia planteada desde el 12 de noviembre del 2021 contra el Sr Nombre51955, pero hasta la fecha no se ha obtenido respuesta. El 16 de noviembre 2023, la Dirección del Área Rectora de Salud Santo Domingo envió a la Dirección Regional correo electrónico solicitando información de seguimiento al caso de la empresa Rental Trigal. De lo descrito, si bien se observa que ese Ministerio de Salud se ha enfrentado a importantes dificultades para acceder al sitio para efectos de realizar las acciones para ingresar a la propiedad y cumplir lo ordenado en la resolución 001252-F-S1- 2020, tal y como se indicó en el voto 2020-017177 cuya inejecución se acusa; lo cierto es que más allá de la denuncia planteada ante el Ministerio Público en enero de 2023 y algunas gestiones de información pedidas en seguimiento a lo ordenado, las autoridades de salud recurridas no han tomado las suficientes medidas efectivas en este asunto.
La solicitud de allanamiento que se indicó, por ejemplo, se valoraría adoptar desde el 13 de setiembre de 2023, no consta se le haya dado algún seguimiento, lo cual deja claro a esta Sala la inejecución a la orden de este Tribunal.
En cuanto al Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo. Al respecto, esta Sala advierte que a pesar de sus argumentos y los motivos por los que no se ha podido culminar el proceso, ahora que desde enero de 2024, ante la renuncia de las únicas dos juezas suplentes con que contaba el Tribunal, se configura una imposibilidad material para integrar el Tribunal; lo cierto es que, ello no justifica el atraso de más de 3 años en que ha incurrido su representada. En este caso, se acredita la desobediencia a lo ordenado en la sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 9:20 horas del 12 de setiembre de 2020, y procede estimar la gestión formulada. Empero, visto que las personas que al presente ejercen los cargos de Ministro de Salud y Jueza del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, no son las mismas que a quienes se les giró la orden en el pronunciamiento aludido, se ordena el cumplimiento de lo ahí dispuesto a quienes en la actualidad ostenten tales cargos.
(…) Por tanto: Se acoge la gestión formulada. Se ordena a Mario Urcuyo Solórzano, en su calidad de Ministro de Salud a.i. y a Adriana Bejarano Alfaro, en su condición de Jueza del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo Jueza del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, el cumplimiento inmediato de lo dispuesto en la sentencia n.°2020-017177 de las 9:20 horas del 12 de setiembre de 2020. Se advierte a las recurridos, que según el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo, y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Notifíquese.” La misma fue notificada a las autoridades recurridas, el 21 de febrero de 2024.
IV.DE LA NUEVA GESTIÓN DE INCUMPLIMIENTO Y SOLICITUD DE EXTENSIÓN DE PLAZO PLANTEADA POR EL TRIBUNAL AMBIENTAL ADMINISTRATIVO. Actualmente, en respuesta a la gestión de incumplimiento que aquí se conoce, según afirma nuevamente en su informe, Adriana Bejarano Alfaro, en su calidad de Jueza Presidenta a.i. del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, la falta de cumplimiento oportuno a lo ordenado en la sentencia -cuya inejecución se reclama en esta vía-, se debe a que ha sido en fecha reciente: el 30 de setiembre del 2025, que se integró el Órgano Colegiado para dar continuidad a la tramitación de la audiencia oral y pública dentro del procedimiento de interés; la cual una vez que se realice, se procederá a dictar el acto final. En su respuesta, pide a esta Sala se conceda una prórroga adicional de dos meses a ese Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, para cumplir lo ordenado en la resolución N°2020-017177 de las 9:20 horas del 11 de setiembre de 2020.
Con base en las consideraciones anteriores, esta Sala advierte que, el Tribunal Administrativo Ambiental, pese a que ha transcurrido un plazo extremadamente largo de 5 años no ha cumplido lo ordenado por esta Sala. En el mismo sentido, del informe rendido por parte de la representante del Ministerio de Salud, se infiere que aún no se han tomado las medidas oportunas para cumplir lo ordenado. Como consecuencia, procede acoger la gestión de desobediencia y se desestima la solicitud de ampliación de plazo planteada por la Presidente del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, como en efecto se dispone.
Por tanto:
Se reitera a Adriana Bejarano Alfaro en su condición Juez Presidenta a.i. y se ordena a Mario Hidalgo Ramírez, en condición de Juez Suplente, ambos del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo y se ordena a Mariela de los Ángeles Marín Mena, en su condición de Viceministra del Ministerio de Salud, o quienes ocupen dichos cargos, que procedan a dar cumplimiento inmediato de lo dispuesto por esta Sala en la sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 9:20 del 11 de setiembre de 2020. Lo anterior, bajo la advertencia de que, de acreditarse la desobediencia, se podrá ordenar testimoniar piezas ante el Ministerio Público por la eventual comisión del delito de desobediencia (artículos 53 y 71 de la ley de la jurisdicción constitucional). En cuanto a la solicitud de ampliación del plazo planteada, se declara no ha lugar a la gestión formulada. Notifíquese personalmente esta resolución y la sentencia N° 2020-017177 de las 9:20 del 11 de setiembre de 2020, a Mario Hidalgo Ramírez y a Mariela de los Ángeles Marín Mena, en su condición de Viceministra de Salud.- Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Aracelly Pacheco S.
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