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Res. 36594-2025 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 07/11/2025
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber dismisses the amparo petition as no fundamental rights violation was proven, and denies cost award for lack of bad-faith litigation.La Sala Constitucional declara sin lugar el recurso de amparo por no acreditarse lesión a derechos fundamentales y rechaza la condena en costas por ausencia de temeridad.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber dismissed an amparo petition filed by a non-indigenous neighbor against the Integral Development Association (ADI) of the Nairi Awari Indigenous Reserve. The petitioner alleged fundamental rights violations including property invasion for a water system, unauthorized pipeline installation, coerced land sale, personal threats, and discriminatory treatment of non-indigenous persons by public entities. The Court found no proven injuries: the ADI lawfully purchased the land where the tank was placed, the pipeline dispute with another property was resolved, and the school operated normally. The discrimination claim was rejected for lack of evidence, and the Court clarified that cost awards against petitioners require bad-faith litigation, which was not present here.La Sala Constitucional declaró sin lugar un recurso de amparo interpuesto por un vecino no indígena contra la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral (ADI) de la Reserva Indígena de Nairi Awari. El recurrente alegó vulneración de derechos fundamentales por la invasión de una propiedad privada para instalar un acueducto, la extensión de mangueras sin autorización, la coacción para la venta de terrenos, amenazas personales y un trato discriminatorio hacia los no indígenas por parte de entidades públicas. La Sala no encontró acreditadas las lesiones alegadas: la ADI adquirió legalmente el terreno donde se instaló el tanque, el conflicto por la manguera con otra finca fue resuelto, y el colegio funcionó con normalidad. Rechazó la acusación de discriminación por falta de elementos probatorios y aclaró que la condena en costas al recurrente solo procede por temeridad, la cual no se configuró en este caso.
Key excerptExtracto clave
IV.- ON THE SPECIFIC CASE. (...) In sum, the Chamber does not find a violation of the fundamental rights of the petitioner in the terms the appeal was formulated. V.- (...) although the mere dismissal of an appeal does not imply that costs must be awarded, the award of costs against the petitioner is only appropriate when bad-faith litigation is found. Therefore: The appeal is dismissed.IV.- SOBRE EL CASO CONCRETO. (...) En suma, la Sala no acredita la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte amparada en los términos en que fue formulado el recurso. V.- (...) si bien la simple desestimatoria de un recurso no implica que deba condenarse en costas, la condena en costas a la parte recurrente solo procede cuando se incurra en temeridad. Por tanto: Se declara sin lugar el recurso.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"no compete a este Tribunal pronunciarse sobre tales disconformidades, por cuanto no corresponde analizar, de acuerdo con la normativa infraconstitucional que rige la materia y las particularidades del caso bajo estudio, la procedencia o no de las decisiones de la ADI recurrida de comprar terrenos."
"it is not for this Court to rule on such disagreements, since it is not appropriate to analyze, under the infraconstitutional rules governing the matter and the particularities of the case under study, whether the respondent ADI’s decisions to purchase land are proper or not."
Considerando IV
"no compete a este Tribunal pronunciarse sobre tales disconformidades, por cuanto no corresponde analizar, de acuerdo con la normativa infraconstitucional que rige la materia y las particularidades del caso bajo estudio, la procedencia o no de las decisiones de la ADI recurrida de comprar terrenos."
Considerando IV
"este Tribunal ha sido consistente en recalcar en múltiples pronunciamientos que las personas indígenas cuentan con una tutela especial, en virtud de su condición de vulnerabilidad."
"this Court has been consistent in emphasizing in multiple rulings that indigenous persons are entitled to special protection, by virtue of their vulnerable condition."
Considerando IV
"este Tribunal ha sido consistente en recalcar en múltiples pronunciamientos que las personas indígenas cuentan con una tutela especial, en virtud de su condición de vulnerabilidad."
Considerando IV
"quien alega la violación a este derecho está obligado a aportar ab initio elementos suficientes que sugieran -con un grado de probabilidad razonable- que de modo injustificado se ha dado un trato diferenciado a situaciones iguales."
"whoever alleges a violation of this right is obliged to provide ab initio sufficient elements that suggest – with a reasonable degree of probability – that unjustified differential treatment has been given to equal situations."
Considerando IV
"quien alega la violación a este derecho está obligado a aportar ab initio elementos suficientes que sugieran -con un grado de probabilidad razonable- que de modo injustificado se ha dado un trato diferenciado a situaciones iguales."
Considerando IV
Full documentDocumento completo
Date of Resolution: November 7, 2025, at 09:30 Type of matter: Amparo appeal CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine thirty hours on November seventh, two thousand twenty-five.
Amparo appeal processed in expediente number 25-024351-0007-CO, filed by Nombre46485, identity card CED23437, against the INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (ADI) OF THE INDIGENOUS RESERVE Nombre46486 OF NAIRI AWARI.
Whereas:
There is no discrimination whatsoever on our part against non-indigenous persons; for years we have cohabited with a great number of non-indigenous persons and our coexistence has been peaceful, except with a few families, as is the case of the petitioner here, Nombre46485, who frequently attacks us and maintains personal problems with some indigenous individuals, which he habitually generalizes to all indigenous people or pins on the board of directors of this Indigenous ADI, as is the case of the alleged threats problem he mentions in his petition, with Mr. Nombre46488, with whom the petitioner here has a personal dispute, which has no reason to extend to the generality of the indigenous neighbors of Nombre46487, or to their Local Government, simply because Mr. Nombre46488 is its vice-president, not only because Mr. Nombre46488 holds no legal power to act in the name and on behalf of this Indigenous ADI, but because problems between individuals are personal and have no reason (sic) to extend to a collegial body such as this Local Government, merely because that indigenous person is a member of it.
The petitioner confuses his personal problems with those that, being community matters, transcend the personal sphere and must be addressed by this Local Government; not personal problems such as the one that arose between him and Mr. Nombre46488. Always, the vision of this Integral Indigenous Development Association has been one of inclusion and peace, never exclusion, nor violence, hence our efforts as a community organization to contribute to an infrastructure solution for the students, both indigenous and non-indigenous, for the continued operation of the Nairi Awari Rural High School, while its physical plant problem is resolved; lending, at no cost and for an indefinite time, an infrastructure of ours to the MEP, so that young indigenous and non-indigenous men and women may receive the education they deserve and to which they are entitled, without excluding anyone based on origin, race, creed, color, language, or other qualifiers.
Furthermore, we have been concerned and have taken steps to provide water to the building where the Nairi Awari Rural High School currently operates, so that the students do not lack this vital liquid, which entailed for this organization a significant investment and various neighborhood problems, but we did it gladly, for the benefit of the student body of the Nairi Awari Rural High School, without any exclusion whatsoever. Mr. Nombre46485 refers to a complaint for threats against Mr. Nombre46488, whom he identifies as the vice-president of this communal organization, linking the position he holds with his person, as if Mr. Nombre46488, whenever he speaks or acts, does so on behalf of this Integral Indigenous Development Association, and that is not the case. Personal problems that may arise from the words or actions of members of a social organization, when they act in a personal capacity with third parties, cannot be lightly attributed to the organization of which that person is a part.
Mr. Nombre46488, although he is the current vice-president of this Association, does not possess any legal power that allows him to speak or act in the name or on behalf of this communal organization. The Community Development Law (DINADECO) No. 3859 is clear in mandating that only the president of an Integral Development Association represents the Association judicially and extrajudicially, with the powers of a general agent, and it turns out that Mr. Nombre46488 does not hold that office; consequently, the personal problem that may have arisen between Mr. Nombre46488 and Mr. Nombre46485, due to whatever Mr. Nombre46488 may have stated, in no way involves our organization, since what Mr. Nombre46488 says or does does not represent the will of the collegial body of which he is a part. In summary, we consider that the statements and/or complaints of the petitioner here, Nombre46485, respond more to a very personal and subjective resentment on his part, lacking evidentiary support, toward this indigenous community of Nombre46486 and against multiple State institutions, possibly due to the help and assistance they provide to our indigenous population, rather than to a serious and objective imputation of concrete facts that could in any way affect or violate the constitutional rights of the petitioner here; therefore, with heightened respect, we request that the amparo petition filed by the petitioner here, Nombre46485, be dismissed in all its aspects, ordering costs against him for his reckless statements.
It is worth recalling that the recovery of the lands currently inhabited by the original peoples, those inhabited by their ancestors, and even those that served for their subsistence and/or social, cultural, and religious development, are subject to possible recovery for the indigenous communities, due to commitments assumed by the Costa Rican State, upon making law of the Republic International Treaty No. 169 of the I.L.O. concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and internal regulations such as the Indigenous Law itself and its Regulations. Therefore, we consider that the fact that the indigenous communities themselves, with their own resources and through existing legal commercial mechanisms, purchase one or several farms adjoining their territory or even within it, when they are in the possession of a non-indigenous person, does not constitute any fault or crime; logically without any coercion, threat, or exploitation of any special condition of the seller, but rather with their absolute consent and cooperation by consenting that the sale be in installments, just as occurs in our case, due to our limited economic capacity; we have always conducted totally transparent negotiations."
Drafted by Magistrate Garita Navarro; and,
Considering:
In the case of amparo petitions directed against private subjects, prior to the analysis on the merits regarding the alleged constitutional violation, it must be examined whether, in this case, one is facing any of the assumptions that make such a petition admissible, and, if so, to elucidate whether it is admissible or not. The Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction in Article 57 indicates that the amparo petition proceeds against actions or omissions of subjects of private law, when these act or must act in the exercise of public functions or powers, or find themselves, in law or in fact, in a position of power before which the common jurisdictional remedies prove clearly insufficient or tardy to guarantee the fundamental rights or freedoms referred to in Article 2, subsection a) of the same Law. In this case, if the claims of the protected party were true, the respondent could be in a position of power, before which the common jurisdictional remedies could prove insufficient to protect the fundamental rights of the amparo petitioners, a reason for which the petition must be admitted for analysis by this Court.
Furthermore, in pleadings incorporated into the digital case file on October 7, 2025, Nombre41640, identification number CED23438, appears, and makes reference to the facts alleged by the petitioner regarding the property of the corporation The House of the Rising Sun S. A. that belongs to his family, the placement of a pipeline, and the subsequent purchase-sale of that land to the respondent ADI, for which he supports the statement of the defendant party. On this matter, Article 34 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction establishes that anyone who has a legitimate interest in its outcome may intervene as a coadjuvant in the proceeding. Consequently, given that in this case the Court deems that Nombre41640 has a legitimate interest in the outcome of the proceeding, the request for passive coadjuvancy filed is accepted.
The claimant deems that fundamental rights have been harmed, because the respondent ADI invaded the property of Nombre41640 in the year 2022 and installed a water tank without consent under the pretext that it would be to provide that liquid to the community, which reflects abuse of power. He maintains that this situation caused the referred owner, feeling coerced and unprotected, to sell the land under an installment payment system. He affirms that, subsequently, the ADI extended pipes and hoses across other private properties, among them, one of Cimarrones Wood Investments, whose representative attempted to reach an agreement in good faith and offered a period of two years for the relocation of the hose, which was rejected in an authoritarian manner by the ADI, which, in its place, required a month and a half to relocate such hose, a situation carried out without technical criteria, which exposes the community high school to stop receiving water and, consequently, to close. He questions that the ADI has purchased several properties in recent years. He refers to having received threats to his physical integrity and that of his family from Nombre46488, who is the vice-president of the ADI. He considers that he is a victim of discrimination being a non-indigenous person, in that there is a favoring by public entities toward the indigenous people.
The following facts are deemed duly demonstrated and of importance for the decision of this matter, either because they have been accredited as such or because the respondent authority has omitted to refer to them, as provided for in the initial ruling:
In the sub iudice, the claimant deems fundamental rights harmed, because the respondent ADI invaded the property of Nombre41640 in the year 2022 and installed a water tank without consent under the pretext that it would be to provide that liquid to the community, which reflects abuse of power. He maintains that this situation caused the referred owner, feeling coerced and unprotected, to sell the land under an installment payment system. He affirms that, subsequently, the ADI extended pipes and hoses across other private properties, among them, one of Cimarrones Wood Investments, whose representative attempted to reach an agreement in good faith and offered a period of two years for the relocation of the hose, which was rejected in an authoritarian manner by the ADI, which, in its place, required a month and a half to relocate such hose, a situation carried out without technical criteria, which exposes the community high school to stop receiving water and, consequently, to close. He questions that the ADI has purchased several properties in recent years. He refers to having received threats to his physical integrity and that of his family from Nombre46488, who is the vice-president of the ADI. He considers that he is a victim of discrimination being a non-indigenous person, in that there is a favoring by public entities toward the indigenous people.
First, the petitioner questions that the defendant ADI invaded the property of The House of the Rising Sun S. A. and, later, coerced its owner, who is an older adult, into selling it under an installment system, which he deems injurious to fundamental rights. In this regard, the respondent party was emphatic in explaining that the respondent ADI assumed the cost of building an aqueduct to supply water, among others, to the Nairi Awari Rural High School, for which a collection tank was installed and several hoses were laid. Subsequently, it was determined that part of such construction was located within the property of The House of the Rising Sun S. A. Given such a situation, the ADI reached an agreement with the property owner for the purchase of the land, which was acquired as of September 2024. Likewise, it cannot be overlooked that the older adult whom the petitioner alleges was coerced filed a passive coadjuvancy pleading in which he refuted the grievances formulated by the claimant regarding the alleged injuries to fundamental rights committed both against him and against the aforementioned corporation. Ergo, the petition is not upheld regarding this grievance.
Second, the claimant questions that the ADI placed a hose on the property of Cimarrones Wood Investments, whose representative attempted to reach an agreement in good faith and offered a two-year period for its relocation, which was rejected in an authoritarian manner by the ADI, which, in its place, required a month and a half to relocate such hose. On this matter, while it is deemed proven that, on an undetermined date, the defendant ADI placed a hose on the property of Cimarrones Wood Investments, it is no less true that in the response given by the respondent party it was explained that: "After several negotiations with the owners of the farm, we managed to obtain a prudential period to be able to have sufficient money to remove the hoses and relocate them outside the related farm, and so it was done, which cost this indigenous community more than ten million colones, since a new deployment of hoses had to be made over a much greater distance to be able to border the farm that is under the care of the petitioner here.
However, we managed to do it, and as of today the hose that carries water to the Nairi Awari Rural High School does not pass through land owned by Cimarrones Wood Investments." In this manner, the problem alleged by the protected party was resolved by the ADI upon reaching an agreement with the owners of the farm in question, on which the alluded hose is no longer located, so no situation is observed that at this moment merits being subject to this Court's cognizance regarding this grievance. Consequently, the matter is not upheld regarding this point either.
On another point, the petitioner maintains that the actions of the ADI put the drinking water supply for the zone's high school at risk, regarding which he even requested its closure. However, the foregoing was refuted by the defendant party, who stated in relation to the alleged closure of the Rural High School of Nombre46487 that "the institution has worked in a normal and constant manner, throughout what has gone of this year and will continue functioning this way until the end of the school year, as has happened in previous years." Thus, what is alleged by the protected party on this point is not corroborated either.
In the filing brief, the petitioner also questions that the ADI has purchased several properties in recent years and affirms that he has received threats to his physical integrity and that of his family from Nombre46488, who is the vice-president of the ADI. In this regard, please note that it is not within this Court's competence to rule on such disagreements, as it does not correspond to analyze, in accordance with the sub-constitutional regulations governing the matter and the particularities of the case under study, the appropriateness or not of the decisions of the respondent ADI to purchase lands. Nor does it correspond to this Chamber to rule on the alleged threats suffered by the amparo petitioner, especially since he himself acknowledges that he filed the corresponding complaint before the Judicial Investigation Agency (Organismo de Investigación Judicial).
Furthermore, the protected party considers that he is a victim of discrimination being a non-indigenous person, in that there is a favoring by public entities toward the indigenous people. Regarding this, please note that this Court has been consistent in reiterating in multiple pronouncements that indigenous persons enjoy special protection, by virtue of their condition of vulnerability. Additionally, it is pertinent to note that this Chamber has indicated that when a violation of Article 33 of the Political Constitution is alleged, it is not sufficient for the petitioner to affirm that a different treatment has occurred between two subjects to deem the breach of the constitutional norm proven, since whoever alleges the violation of this right is obliged to provide ab initio sufficient elements that suggest—with a reasonable degree of probability—that a differentiated treatment has been unjustifiably given to equal situations.
By virtue of the foregoing, and after reviewing the filing brief, this Chamber deems that in the sub lite no sufficient elements are inferred—not even circumstantial—that allow denoting a possible injury to the principle of equality. Thus, it is noted that in this case a comparison parameter was not established upon which it can be analyzed whether a discriminatory treatment occurred or not. Based on the foregoing, the appropriate course is to dismiss the petition regarding this grievance.
In sum, the Chamber does not accredit injury to the fundamental rights of the amparo-protected party in the terms in which the petition was formulated.
V.Finally, the respondent party requests that the claimant party be condemned to pay costs. In this regard, please note that Article 51 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction provides:
"Article 51. In addition to the provisions of the two preceding articles, any resolution that upholds the petition shall condemn in the abstract to the indemnification of the damages and losses caused and to the payment of the costs of the petition, and its liquidation shall be reserved for the execution of judgment.
The condemnation shall be against the State or, in its case, the entity on which the defendant depends, and jointly against the latter, if it is considered that there has been malice or fault on his part, in the terms of Article 199 of the General Law of Public Administration, all without prejudice to the other administrative, civil, or criminal responsibilities in which he may have incurred.
If the amparo is withdrawn by the petitioner, rejected, or denied by the Chamber, it shall condemn the petitioner to the payment of costs when it reasonably considers that he acted recklessly." In this manner, the condemnation in costs against the petitioner only proceeds when there has been recklessness, such that the mere dismissal of a petition does not imply that a condemnation in costs must be imposed. Consequently, given that a priori in the sub examine it is not verified that the amparo was filed with recklessness, the request for condemnation in costs is denied.
The parties are forewarned that, if they have provided any document on paper or objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn within a maximum period of 30 business days, counted from the notification of this judgment. It is warned that any material not collected within that period will be destroyed, based on the "Regulation on the Electronic Case File before the Judicial Branch" (approved by the Full Court in Article XXVI of session no. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, and published in Judicial Bulletin no. 19 of January 26, 2012) and in Article LXXXI of the session of the Superior Council of the Judicial Branch no. 43-12 of May 3, 2012.
Therefore:
The petition is dismissed.
Fernando Cruz C.
President a.i.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Ronald Salazar Murillo Ileana Sánchez N.
Jose Roberto Garita N.
*6KUPPNTW2TQ61 CASE FILE No. 25-024351-0007-CO Telephones: Telf09 / 800-SALA-4TA (Telf10). Fax: Telf07 / Telf08. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección09, Dirección05, 100 mts.)
South of the Perpetuo Socorro church).
It is a faithful copy of the original – Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 08-05-2026 11:46:23.
SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas treinta minutos del siete de noviembre de dos mil veinticinco .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en expediente número 25-024351-0007-CO, interpuesto por Nombre46485, cédula de identidad CED23437, contra la ASOCIACIÓN DE DESARROLLO INTEGRAL (ADI) DE LA RESERVA INDÍGENA Nombre46486 DE NAIRI AWARI.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Garita Navarro; y,
Considerando:
Tratándose de recursos de amparo dirigidos contra sujetos privados, previo al análisis de fondo acerca de la violación constitucional alegada, debe examinarse si, en la especie, se está o no ante alguno de los supuestos que hacen admisible tal recurso, y, en caso afirmativo, dilucidar si es o no admisible. Indica la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional en el artículo 57 que procede el recurso de amparo contra las acciones u omisiones de sujetos de derecho privado, cuando estos actúen o deban actuar en ejercicio de funciones o potestades públicas, o se encuentren, de derecho o de hecho, en una posición de poder frente a la cual los remedios jurisdiccionales comunes resulten claramente insuficientes o tardíos para garantizar los derechos o libertades fundamentales a que se refiere el artículo 2, inciso a) de la misma Ley. En la especie, de ser ciertos los reclamos de la parte tutelada, la recurrida podría estar en una situación de poder, frente a la cual los remedios jurisdiccionales comunes podrían resultar insuficientes para tutelar los derechos fundamentales de los amparados, motivo por el cual, el recurso se debe admitir para su análisis por parte de este Tribunal.
Por otra parte, en escritos incorporado al expediente digital el 7 de octubre de 2025, se apersona Nombre41640, cédula CED23438, y hace referencia a los hechos acusados por el recurrente en cuanto a la propiedad de la sociedad The House of the Rising Sun S. A. que pertenece a su familia, la colocación de una tubería y la posterior compra venta de ese terreno a la ADI recurrida, para lo cual respalda el dicho de la parte accionada. Sobre el particular, el ordinal 34 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional establece que puede intervenir como coadyuvante en el proceso quien tiene un interés legítimo en su resultado. En consecuencia, dado que en la especie el Tribunal estima que Nombre41640 tiene un interés legítimo en el resultado del proceso, se acoge la solicitud de coadyuvancia pasiva planteada.
El accionante estima lesionados los derechos fundamentales, debido a que la ADI recurrida invadió la propiedad de Nombre41640 en el año 2022 e instaló un tanque de agua sin consentimiento so pretexto de que sería para dotar de ese líquido a la comunidad, lo que refleja el abuso de poder. Sostiene que tal situación provocó que el referido propietario, al sentirse coaccionado y desprotegido, vendiera el terreno en sistema de pagos. Afirma que, posteriormente, la ADI extendió tuberías y mangueras por otras propiedades privadas, entre ellas, una de Cimarrones Wood Investments, cuyo representante intentó llegar a un acuerdo de buena fe y ofreció un plazo de dos años para la reubicación de la manguera, lo que fue rechazado de manera autoritaria por la ADI, la cual, en su lugar, requirió mes y medio para reubicar tal manguera, situación que se hizo sin criterio técnico lo que expone que le colegio de la comunidad deje de recibir agua y, consecuentemente, que cierre. Cuestiona que la ADI ha comprado varias propiedades en los últimos años. Refiere que ha recibido amenazas a su integridad física y la de su familia por parte del Nombre46488, quien es vicepresidente de la ADI. Considera que es víctima de discriminación al ser una persona no indígena, por cuanto existe un favorecimiento de entidades públicas al pueblo indígena.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
En el sub iudice, el accionante estima lesionados los derechos fundamentales, debido a que la ADI recurrida invadió la propiedad de Nombre41640 en el año 2022 e instaló un tanque de agua sin consentimiento so pretexto de que sería para dotar de ese líquido a la comunidad, lo que refleja el abuso de poder. Sostiene que tal situación provocó que el referido propietario, al sentirse coaccionado y desprotegido, vendiera el terreno en sistema de pagos. Afirma que, posteriormente, la ADI extendió tuberías y mangueras por otras propiedades privadas, entre ellas, una de Cimarrones Wood Investments, cuyo representante intentó llegar a un acuerdo de buena fe y ofreció un plazo de dos años para la reubicación de la manguera, lo que fue rechazado de manera autoritaria por la ADI, la cual, en su lugar, requirió mes y medio para reubicar tal manguera, situación que se hizo sin criterio técnico lo que expone que le colegio de la comunidad deje de recibir agua y, consecuentemente, que cierre. Cuestiona que la ADI ha comprado varias propiedades en los últimos años. Refiere que ha recibido amenazas a su integridad física y la de su familia por parte del Nombre46488, quien es vicepresidente de la ADI. Considera que es víctima de discriminación al ser una persona no indígena, por cuanto existe un favorecimiento de entidades públicas al pueblo indígena.
Primeramente, el recurrente cuestiona que la ADI accionada invadió la propiedad de The House of the Rising Sun S. A. y, luego, coaccionó a su dueño, quien es una persona adulta mayor, para venderla en un sistema de pagos, lo que estima lesivo de los derechos fundamentales. Al respecto, la parte recurrida fue enfática al explicar que ADI recurrida asumió el costo de la construcción de un acueducto para dotar de agua, entre otros, al Colegio Rural de Nairi Awari, para lo cual se instaló un tanque de captación y se colocaron varias mangueras. Posteriormente, se determinó que parte de tal construcción se ubicó dentro de la propiedad de The House of the Rising Sun S. A. Ante tal situación, la ADI llegó a un acuerdo con el propietario para la compra del terreno, el cual desde setiembre de 2024 fue adquirido. Asimismo, no puede obviarse que la persona adulta mayor que el recurrente aduce que fue coaccionado planteó un escrito de coadyuvancia pasiva en el que refutó los agravios formulados por el accionante respecto a las supuestas lesiones de los derechos fundamentales cometidas tanto en su contra como de la sociedad supraindicada. Ergo, no se estima el recurso en cuanto a este agravio.
De segundo, el accionante cuestiona que la ADI ubicó una manguera en la propiedad de Cimarrones Wood Investments, cuyo representante intentó llegar a un acuerdo de buena fe y ofreció un plazo de dos años para su reubicación, lo que fue rechazado de manera autoritaria por la ADI, la cual, en su lugar, requirió mes y medio para trasladar tal manguera. Sobre el particular, si bien se tiene por demostrado que, fecha indeterminada, la ADI accionada ubicó una manguera en la propiedad de Cimarrones Wood Investments, no menos cierto es que en la contestación vertida por la parte recurrida se explicó que: “Después de varias negociaciones con los dueños de la finca, logramos obtener un plazo prudencial para poder tener el dinero suficiente como para sacar las mangueras y reubicarlas fuera de la relacionada finca y así se hizo, lo cual le costó a esta comunidad indígena, más de diez millones de colones, pues hubo que hacer un nuevo despliegue de mangueras y por mucha más distancia para poder bordear la finca que está bajo el cuido del aquí recurrente.
Sin embargo, lo logramos hacer, ya hoy día la manguera que conduce agua al Colegio Rural de Nairi Awari, no pasa por terreno propiedad de Cimarrones Wood Investments”. De este modo, la problemática acusada por el tutelado fue resuelta por la ADI al llegar a un acuerdo con los propietarios de la finca en cuestión, en la cual ya no se encuentra ubicada la manguera aludida, por lo que no se observa alguna situación que en este momento merezca ser objeto de conocimiento de este Tribunal en cuanto a este agravio. En consecuencia, tampoco se estima el asunto respecto a este extremo.
De otro lado, el recurrente sostiene que el accionar de la ADI pone en riesgo el abastecimiento de agua potable al colegio de la zona, respecto del cual incluso solicitó su cierre. Sin embargo, lo anterior fue refutado por la parte accionada, quien señaló en relación con el acusado cierre del Colegio Rural de Nombre46487 que “la institución ha trabajado de manera normal y constante, durante lo que va de este año y así seguirá funcionando hasta la terminación del curso lectivo, como ha pasado en años anteriores”. Así las cosas, tampoco se corrobora lo acusado por el tutelado en cuanto a este extremo.
En el memorial de interposición, el recurrente también cuestiona que la ADI ha comprado varias propiedades en los últimos años y afirma que ha recibido amenazas a su integridad física y la de su familia por parte del Nombre46488, quien es vicepresidente de la ADI. Al respecto, adviértase que no compete a este Tribunal pronunciarse sobre tales disconformidades, por cuanto no corresponde analizar, de acuerdo con la normativa infraconstitucional que rige la materia y las particularidades del caso bajo estudio, la procedencia o no de las decisiones de la ADI recurrida de comprar terrenos. Tampoco corresponde a esta Cámara pronunciarse sobre las supuestas amenazas sufridas por el amparado, máxime que él mismo reconoce que interpuso la denuncia correspondiente ante el Organismo de Investigación Judicial.
Por otra parte, el tutelado considera que es víctima de discriminación al ser una persona no indígena, por cuanto existe un favorecimiento de entidades públicas al pueblo indígena. Acerca de esto, adviértase que este Tribunal ha sido consistente en recalcar en múltiples pronunciamientos que las personas indígenas cuentas con una tutela especial, en virtud de su condición de vulnerabilidad. Además, conviene señalar que esta Cámara ha indicado que cuando se acusa vulneración al numeral 33 de la Constitución Política, no basta con que la parte recurrente afirme que se ha producido un trato distinto entre dos sujetos para tener por demostrado el quebranto a la norma constitucional, toda vez que quien alega la violación a este derecho está obligado a aportar ab initio elementos suficientes que sugieran -con un grado de probabilidad razonable- que de modo injustificado se ha dado un trato diferenciado a situaciones iguales.
En virtud de lo anterior, y luego de revisado el escrito de interposición, esta Sala estima que en el sub lite no se infieren elementos suficientes –ni siquiera indiciarios- que permitan denotar una posible lesión al principio de igualdad. Así, se advierte que en la especie no se estableció un parámetro de comparación sobre el cual pueda analizarse si se produjo o no un tratamiento discriminatorio. En mérito de lo expuesto, lo propio es declarar sin lugar el recurso en cuanto a este agravio.
En suma, la Sala no acredita la lesión a los derechos fundamentales de la parte amparada en los términos en que fue formulado el recurso.
V.Finalmente, la parte recurrida pide que se condene a la parte actora al pago de costas. Al respecto, adviértase que el ordinal 51 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional dispone:
“Artículo 51. Además de lo dispuesto en los dos artículos anteriores, toda resolución que acoja el recurso condenará en abstracto a la indemnización de los daños y perjuicios causados y al pago de las costas del recurso, y se reservará su liquidación para la ejecución de sentencia.
La condenatoria será contra el Estado o, en su caso, la entidad de que dependa el demandado, y solidariamente contra éste, si se considerara que ha mediado dolo o culpa de su parte, en los términos del artículo 199 de la Ley General de la Administración Pública, todo ello sin perjuicio de las demás responsabilidades administrativas, civiles o penales en que haya incurrido.
Si el amparo fuere desistido por el recurrente, rechazado o denegado por la Sala, ésta lo condenará al pago de las costas cuando estimare fundadamente que incurrió en temeridad”.
De este modo, la condena en costas a la parte recurrente solo procede cuando se incurra en temeridad, por lo que la simple desestimatoria de un recurso no implica que deba condenarse en costas. Por consiguiente, dado que a priori en el sub examine no se verifica que se hubiese formulado el amparo con temeridad, se deniega la solicitud de condenatoria en costas.
Se previene a las partes que, de haber aportado algún documento en papel u objetos o pruebas contenidos en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. Se advierte que será destruido todo material que no sea recogido dentro de ese lapso, con base en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial" (aprobado por la Corte Plena en el artículo XXVI de la sesión nro. 27-11 de 22 de agosto de 2011 y publicado en el Boletín Judicial nro. 19 del 26 de enero de 2012) y en el artículo LXXXI de la sesión del Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial nro. 43-12 de 3 de mayo de 2012.
Por tanto:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso.
Fernando Cruz C.
Presidente a.i Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Ronald Salazar Murillo Ileana Sánchez N.
Jose Roberto Garita N.
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