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Res. 23963-2025 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 01/08/2025
OutcomeResultado
The amparo is granted and the Municipality of Cartago and the Cartago Health Authority are ordered to definitively correct the environmental problem and adopt immediate palliative measures within two months.Se declara con lugar el amparo y se ordena a la Municipalidad de Cartago y al Área Rectora de Salud de Cartago corregir definitivamente el problema ambiental y adoptar medidas paliativas inmediatas en el plazo de dos meses.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber granted an amparo claim against the Municipality of Cartago and the Cartago Health Authority due to the lack of maintenance and abandonment of the Los Pinos Landfill, which generated serious environmental and public health risks. Although the Municipality argued that responsibility lay with the private companies with which it had signed a conciliation agreement for technical closure, the Chamber held that a local entity cannot hide behind legal formalities when fundamental rights are at stake. It also noted that the health authority had not been effective in guaranteeing a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. The Chamber ordered both entities to definitively correct the problem within two months and to adopt immediate palliative measures, reaffirming the high degree of municipal responsibility in environmental matters and the displacement of formalities in the face of threats to health and the environment.La Sala Constitucional declaró con lugar un recurso de amparo contra la Municipalidad de Cartago y el Área Rectora de Salud de Cartago por la falta de mantenimiento y abandono del Relleno Sanitario Los Pinos, lo que generaba graves riesgos ambientales y de salud pública. Aunque la Municipalidad alegó que la responsabilidad correspondía a las empresas privadas con las que suscribió una conciliación para el cierre técnico, la Sala determinó que el ente local no puede escudarse en formalismos legales cuando está en juego la tutela de derechos fundamentales. Asimismo, señaló que la autoridad sanitaria no ha sido efectiva para garantizar un entorno sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Se ordenó a ambas entidades corregir definitivamente el problema en un plazo de dos meses y adoptar medidas paliativas inmediatas, confirmando la alta cuota de responsabilidad municipal en materia ambiental y el desplazamiento de formalismos ante amenazas a la salud y el ambiente.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Therefore, by means of Sanitary Order No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-DARSC-OS0020-2025 of February 10, 2025, the mayor of Cartago was ordered as follows: “a) Cover currently exposed waste; b) Continue maintenance work on the leachate treatment plant; c) Perform maintenance of the gas release chimneys; d) Perform maintenance of perimeter channels and necessary works for optimal runoff water conduction; e) Monitor slope stability to prevent possible landslides; and f) Provide maintenance of green areas and internal roads…”, within three days. However, as indicated by the respondent health authority, after that period the situation has not changed. In the inspection of May 14, 2025, the invasion of cattle in project areas, lack of maintenance in project areas, the existence of exposed waste in abandoned cells, the presence of cracks in the land in the leachate treatment plant area, lack of maintenance of internal roads and perimeter channels, and lack of operation and maintenance of the project’s leachate treatment system were all confirmed. In defense, the respondent mayor argues that it is not his represented entity that must comply with these sanitary orders, since, as a result of the conciliation agreement signed with WPP Continental Los Pinos, S.A. and WPP Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disposal, S.A., it is the developer who must execute the mitigation measures issued by the Ministry of Health, the National Environmental Technical Secretariat, and the Environmental Administrative Tribunal itself. Therefore, he argues that in this case, no omission can be attributed to his represented entity. For this Chamber, the justification provided in this regard is unacceptable, as was held in a previous case where the issue of the abandonment of the landfill in question and its consequences were discussed: “…the constitutional significance is limited to verifying whether the respondent authorities have been diligent in finally addressing and resolving this environmental problem, which, as is easily verifiable, has not been the case. Apart from this, the attitude taken by the Municipality of Cartago is unacceptable, because even though it no longer deposits waste at the site under controversy, it cannot ignore that it must act to protect the fundamental rights of its residents. The attention to the citizens of its canton is unavoidable over any conflict…”. Furthermore, it cannot ignore that “…This Tribunal has recognized that local corporations have, within the scope of their competencies and obligations, a high share of responsibility in environmental matters, whether through the direct approval of permits or licenses that require prior compliance with requirements that demonstrate to other public authorities proper environmental management, or through regular inspections and channeling of risk situations to entities with greater intervention authority. It has been established that local governments have the obligation of coordination and prevention in environmental matters within their territorial jurisdiction, from which it follows that municipalities are indeed important actors in environmental protection. As indicated above, not only this municipality, but all other respondent authorities have broad powers of action, and although they are subject to legality and reasonableness, the truth is that considering that it involves a threat to the environment and public health, legality and formalities are displaced …” (Judgment No. 2020018888 of 9:15 a.m. on October 2, 2020).Por lo anterior, consta que, mediante la orden sanitaria No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-DARSC-OS0020-2025 de 10 de febrero de 2025 se ordenó al alcalde de Cartago, lo siguiente: “a) Brindar cobertura de los residuos actualmente expuestos; b) Continuar con las labores de mantenimiento de la planta de tratamiento de lixiviados; c) Realizar el mantenimiento de las chimeneas para la liberación de gases; d)Realizar el mantenimiento de los canales perimetrales y obras necesarias para la conducción optima de aguas de escorrentía; e) Realizar la vigilancia de estabilidad de los taludes, en prevención de posibles deslizamientos y f) Brindar el mantenimiento de zonas verdes y vías internas…”, en un plazo de tres días. Empero, según señala el área rectora de salud recurrida, vencido ese término, las cosas no han cambiado, por cuanto en la inspección de 14 mayo de 2025 se comprobó la invasión de ganado en áreas del proyecto, la falta de mantenimiento de las áreas del proyecto, la existencia de residuos expuestos en celdas abandonadas del proyecto, la presencia de grietas en el terreno en área de la planta de tratamiento de lixiviados, la falta de mantenimiento en caminos internos y canales perimetrales del proyecto, así como la falta de operación y de mantenimiento en el sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados del proyecto. En descargo, el alcalde recurrido sostiene que no es a su representada a la que le corresponde atender esas órdenes sanitarias, pues, como consecuencia de la conciliación que el Ayuntamiento suscribió con WPP Continental Los Pinos, S. A. y WPP Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disposal, S. A., es al desarrollador al que le corresponde ejecutar las medidas de mitigación decretadas por el Ministerio de Salud, la Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental y el propio Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo. Por lo anterior, sostiene que, en este caso, no puede reprochársele omisión alguna a su representada. Para esta Sala la justificación que en este particular se brinda, no es de recibo, pues, conforme se sostuvo en un asunto anterior en el que se discutió el tema del abandono del relleno sanitario en cuestión y sus consecuencias: “… la trascendencia constitucional se limita en verificar si las autoridades accionadas han sido diligentes en atender y solventar finalmente dicha problemática ambiental, que como es fácilmente constatable, no ha sido así. Aparte de lo anterior, es inaceptable la actitud asumida por el ayuntamiento de Cartago, pues, aunque ya no deposite los desechos el lugar de controversia, no puede obviar que debe acudir en tutela de los derechos fundamentales de sus munícipes. Es insoslayable la atención a la ciudadanía de su cantón por encima de cualquier conflicto …”. Además, no puede obviar que“…Este Tribunal ha reconocido que las corporaciones locales tienen, dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y obligaciones una alta cuota de responsabilidad en materia ambiental, sea mediante la aprobación directa de permisos o licencias para las cuales se exija el previo cumplimiento de requisitos que acrediten ante otras instancias del poder público el adecuado manejo ambiental, como mediante inspecciones regulares y canalización de situaciones de riesgo ante las instancias con mayor competencia de intervención. Ha quedado establecido ya que a los gobiernos locales les alcanza la obligación de coordinación y prevención en materia ambiental dentro del ámbito de su jurisdicción territorial, de donde resulta que ciertamente las municipalidades son actores importantes en la tarea de protección al ambiente. Como se indicó supra, no solo ese cabildo, sino todas las demás autoridades recurridas, cuentan con amplias facultades de actuación, y si bien se encuentran sujetas a la legalidad y la razonabilidad, lo cierto es que teniendo en cuenta que se trata de una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud pública, la legalidad y los formalismos se ven desplazados …” (sentencia No. 2020018888 de las 9:15 hora de 2 de octubre de 2020).
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Es inaceptable la actitud asumida por el ayuntamiento de Cartago, pues, aunque ya no deposite los desechos el lugar de controversia, no puede obviar que debe acudir en tutela de los derechos fundamentales de sus munícipes."
"The attitude taken by the Municipality of Cartago is unacceptable, because even though it no longer deposits waste at the site under controversy, it cannot ignore that it must act to protect the fundamental rights of its residents."
Considerando IV
"Es inaceptable la actitud asumida por el ayuntamiento de Cartago, pues, aunque ya no deposite los desechos el lugar de controversia, no puede obviar que debe acudir en tutela de los derechos fundamentales de sus munícipes."
Considerando IV
"Este Tribunal ha reconocido que las corporaciones locales tienen, dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y obligaciones una alta cuota de responsabilidad en materia ambiental."
"This Tribunal has recognized that local corporations have, within the scope of their competencies and obligations, a high share of responsibility in environmental matters."
Considerando IV
"Este Tribunal ha reconocido que las corporaciones locales tienen, dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y obligaciones una alta cuota de responsabilidad en materia ambiental."
Considerando IV
"Teniendo en cuenta que se trata de una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud pública, la legalidad y los formalismos se ven desplazados."
"Considering that it involves a threat to the environment and public health, legality and formalities are displaced."
Considerando IV
"Teniendo en cuenta que se trata de una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud pública, la legalidad y los formalismos se ven desplazados."
Considerando IV
"En asuntos ambientales... entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación."
"In environmental matters... I examine the merits of the case when other rights of the persons affected by the contamination source are at stake, including health, quality of life, and the right to a healthy and pollution-free environment."
Considerando V
"En asuntos ambientales... entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación."
Considerando V
Full documentDocumento completo
Date of Resolution: August 1, 2025 at 09:15 Case File: 25-011952-0007-CO Type of Matter: Amparo appeal Judgment with Separate Note Relevance Indicators Relevant Judgment Judgment with protected data, in accordance with current regulations Content of Interest:
Strategic Themes: Environmental, Economic Social Cultural and Environmental Rights Type of Content: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
SANITARY LANDFILL..
Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
COMPLAINT.
Topic: EXECUTIVE BRANCH Subtopics:
GRIEVANCE.
023963-25. ENVIRONMENT. MUNICIPALITY. EXECUTIVE BRANCH. THE LACK OF MAINTENANCE OF A SITE THAT WAS AN OPEN-AIR GARBAGE DUMP IN CARTAGO IS ALLEGED, WHICH IS NOT RECEIVING ANY TREATMENT AND POSES AN IMMINENT RISK TO NEIGHBORS AND GENERATES SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. THE APPEAL IS GRANTED. THE MUNICIPALITY OF CARTAGO AND THE DIRECTOR OF THE CARTAGO GOVERNING HEALTH AREA ARE ORDERED TO DEFINITIVELY CORRECT THE CLAIMED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM WITHIN TWO MONTHS, AND TO ADOPT THE MOST URGENT IMMEDIATE PALLIATIVE MEASURES. VCG08/2025 “(…) IV.- SPECIFIC CASE. This Court verified that, in Navarro, of Dulce Nombre de Cartago, the Los Pinos sanitary landfill (relleno sanitario) operated on adjacent properties owned by the Municipality of Cartago and the company WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A., who entered into a contract for the operation and final disposal of solid waste. Furthermore, it was verified that this local entity and that company, as well as WPP Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disposal, S. A., entered into a conciliation for the conclusion of existing judicial proceedings and administrative procedures, according to which, those companies would assume responsibility for all works required for the technical closure of said landfill and its post-closure.
Despite the foregoing, it was proven that in the months of June and August, both in 2018, complaints were filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, given that, allegedly, waste continued to be deposited on one of those properties, without a leachate (lixiviados) treatment plant and due to the alleged construction of cells outside the environmentally assessed area; facts for which, in July 2019, the Administrative Environmental Tribunal imposed, as a precautionary measure, some mitigation measures on the respondent local entity to reduce or avoid the environmental damage that these omissions could cause, especially those of difficult or impossible repair. Regarding this matter, this Chamber in judgment No. 2020018888 of 9:15 a.m. on October 2, 2020, noted that, although: “… the authorities are aware of the referred problem and although several administrative acts have been issued, none has been effective or efficient.
So much so that the Ministry of Health has accepted that the contractual legal problem existing between the companies WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. and WPF Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disponsal S.A. WPP and the Municipality of Cartago has resulted in the Sanitary Landfill sector owned by that municipality not receiving maintenance nor the technical closure works being carried out, resulting in leachate ponding on the land, exposure of waste due to lack of coverage, among other unsanitary conditions that put public health at risk …”. Although, currently, the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill is no longer operating, in January 2025, the Ministry of Health verified that this outlook has not improved, but rather that the alleged situation persists, since: “… There is no personnel on site to operate the treatment plant or provide maintenance to the system's operational units, the access, roads, or surrounding areas.
The preparation of the coagulant mixture that the treatment plant operator was supposed to perform is not carried out, so there is no dosing of it, which causes a lack of physical-chemical separation treatment, which is the first stage of treatment and helps reduce COD, BOD, TSS, and Heavy Metals levels to levels where lagoon biological treatment is permitted. Due to the above, the leachate flows into the lagoon without receiving the established physico-chemical treatment, so it is completely silted up, presenting an intense black coloration identical to the leachate generated in the cells with waste, which evidences that the microbial bed collapsed and practically disappeared. The sludge from the lagoon is not being purged to the drying beds. The dewatered sludge in the drying beds was not collected. The leachate from the drying beds is not being pumped to the first stage of the treatment system (at this point, stormwater could also be entering).
The structures of the drying beds are deteriorating due to lack of maintenance and cleaning. The water flow pipe from the lagoon to the FAFA filters is detached, so it is unknown where the liquid is discharging after the lagoon. Added to this, the manhole where samples are taken is completely covered by vegetation, so it is not possible to observe any entry into it. The booth where sampling instruments and aluminum sulfate (flocculant) are stored remains closed and with increasingly more vegetation around it. Like the booth, all treatment units are being invaded by vegetation, causing their deterioration. In summary, the site has maintained conditions of complete operational abandonment since May 10, 2024, so there are also no routine follow-up and control samplings according to Decree N 033601-S-MlNAE by the responsible party. At this point it is important to leave evidence that there is a condition of uncontrolled contamination of a natural water body (Agua Caliente River), which is receiving water with high contents of organic and inorganic load, suspended solids and dissolved heavy metals, among others, characteristic of the leachate generated in sanitary landfills, also evidenced through official communication MS-DPRSA-USA-1335-2024 containing the results of the sampling carried out by the CHEMLABS Environmental Analysis Service Laboratory as part of the state surveillance of wastewater of the Ministry of Health.
This contamination situation must be notified to the Administrative Environmental Tribunal so that it can take actions to follow. Maintenance of the project areas. It was evidenced during the inspection that continuity has not been given to maintenance work in various areas of the project. Additionally, it was evidenced that the area is being invaded by local fauna such as cattle, which enter to graze. Stormwater channeling.
On lands owned by the Municipality of Cartago, stormwater channeling cannot be observed, lack of maintenance is evident, the impediment in visibility is due to the growth of grass around the system and within the ditches. On the other hand, work carried out on the stormwater channeling in the sector owned by WPP was evidenced. Placement of cover material. No cover material placement work was observed, because the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill project was out of operation. Availability of machinery at the project. During the inspection, no machinery performing work was observed. Availability of material for coverage. No piles of material for coverage were observed on site. Chimneys for biogas burning. In general, the operation of the chimneys is partial. During the inspection, areas with the chimneys out were observed, this on property of the Municipality of Cartago; in previous visits, the presence of a person responsible for verifying ignition was observed only for the WPP property; however, and due to the very rainy conditions at the time of the visit, there was no personnel in the field executing that task.
Windblown litter. In previous visits, 'fugitive' waste was evidenced in areas close to uncovered zones (east sector); currently, the grass is so grown and due to the rainy conditions at the time of the visit, the existence of 'fugitive' waste was not observed. There is no personnel assigned to manual waste collection tasks. Active front for solid waste placement. An area with waste openly exposed to the air remains, an area that corresponded to the active work front where the sanitary operator was depositing waste, a site located on land owned by the Municipality of Cartago, the same one that was left abandoned, since it has been without operation since Friday, May 10, and waste coverage and slope configuration actions were not carried out. For this area, the technical criteria of the company WPP in the works they were performing prior to their abandonment are unknown, regarding the opening of cells, removal of vegetative cover, rearrangement of the waste buried there and placement of new waste, odor and vermin control, conformation of new slopes, fugitive waste control, control of gas and odor emissions, and channeling of leachate and stormwater, among others, because before the operation in said area (not authorized by SETENA, the Municipality of Cartago, and the Ministry of Health), no work plan with the operational fundamentals and technical criteria was submitted.
The sector is abandoned without any type of operation and maintenance. Inclination of conformed slopes. It cannot be stated that there are completely finished slopes in the sectors of the previous work front operated until the end of 2023 on land owned by the company WPP Continental Los Pinos S.A., nor in the work front that ceased operation since May 10, 2024. Demarcation of the property boundary between the WPP land and the Municipality of Cartago land. The existence of blue posts marking the boundary between the lands owned by the company WPP and the Municipality of Cartago was evidenced during the inspection. The lack of maintenance is more evident in said perimeter …”. Therefore, it is established that, through Sanitary Order No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-DARSC-OS0020-2025 of February 10, 2025, the following was ordered to the Mayor of Cartago: “a) Provide coverage of the currently exposed waste; b) Continue with the maintenance work of the leachate treatment plant; c) Carry out maintenance of the chimneys for gas release; d) Carry out maintenance of the perimeter channels and works necessary for the optimal conduction of runoff water; e) Carry out slope stability monitoring, in prevention of possible landslides; and f) Provide maintenance of green areas and internal roads…”, within a period of three days.
However, according to what the respondent governing health area (Área Rectora de Salud) indicates, once that term expired, things have not changed, since the inspection of May 14, 2025 verified the invasion of cattle in project areas, the lack of maintenance of project areas, the existence of exposed waste in abandoned project cells, the presence of cracks in the ground in the leachate treatment plant area, the lack of maintenance on internal roads and perimeter channels of the project, as well as the lack of operation and maintenance of the project's leachate treatment system. In his defense, the respondent mayor maintains that it is not his represented entity that is responsible for complying with those sanitary orders, since, as a consequence of the conciliation that the Municipality signed with WPP Continental Los Pinos, S. A. and WPP Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disposal, S. A., it is the developer who is responsible for executing the mitigation measures decreed by the Ministry of Health, the National Environmental Technical Secretariat, and the Administrative Environmental Tribunal itself.
Therefore, he maintains that, in this case, no omission can be attributed to his represented entity. For this Chamber, the justification provided in this regard is not acceptable, since, as was held in an earlier matter in which the issue of the abandonment of the landfill in question and its consequences was discussed: “… the constitutional significance is limited to verifying whether the respondent authorities have been diligent in addressing and definitively resolving said environmental problem, which, as is easily verifiable, has not been the case. Apart from the foregoing, the attitude assumed by the Municipality of Cartago is unacceptable, since, even if it no longer deposits waste at the disputed site, it cannot ignore that it must intervene in protection of the fundamental rights of its citizens. Attention to the citizens of its canton is unavoidable, above any conflict …”. Furthermore, it cannot be ignored that “…This Court has recognized that local corporations have, within the scope of their competencies and obligations, a high share of responsibility in environmental matters, whether through the direct approval of permits or licenses for which the prior fulfillment of requirements accrediting adequate environmental management before other public authorities is demanded, or through regular inspections and channeling of risk situations to the authorities with greater intervention competence.
It has been established that local governments are bound by the obligation of coordination and prevention in environmental matters within their territorial jurisdiction, from which it follows that municipalities are certainly important actors in the task of environmental protection. As indicated supra, not only that municipality, but all the other respondent authorities, have broad powers of action, and although they are subject to legality and reasonableness, the truth is that, taking into account that it involves a threat to the environment and public health, legality and formalities are displaced …” (judgment No. 2020018888 of 9:15 a.m. on October 2, 2020). Hence, it is evident that the respondent local entity, hiding behind a legal formality, has refused to execute the mitigation measures ordered by the respondent health authority, to achieve a comprehensive solution to the denounced problem, since, as was verified, there is a condition of abandonment on its property, which places the health of neighbors and the inhabitants in general in imminent danger, regarding which the intervention of the Cartago Governing Health Area has been ineffective in guaranteeing a healthy and ecologically balanced environment.
As matters stand, the Chamber finds that the alleged violation occurred. Under this reasoning, it is necessary to grant the appeal, with respect to the respondent local entity and governing health area, as will be set forth below.
Furthermore, let the appellant note that the alleged non-compliance with the precautionary measure decreed by the Administrative Environmental Tribunal in resolution No. 1134-19-TAA of 9:57 a.m. on July 8, 2019, must be raised in the administrative procedure and not through this specialized channel. (…)” ... See more Related Judgments Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Majority vote Branch of Law: 1. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION WITH JURISPRUDENCE Topic: 041- Effective judicial protection. Prompt and complete justice Subtopics:
NOT APPLICABLE.
ARTICLE 41 OF THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION “(…) II.- PRELIMINARY ISSUE. Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, as of judgment No. 2008-02545 of 08:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction –with some exceptions– those matters in which it is discussed whether the Public Administration has complied or not with the reasonably established deadlines for resolving requests filed by the administered parties in light of the provisions of Article 41 of the Political Constitution. In the specific case, an exception is raised, since it concerns the neglect of environmental contamination problems. In view of the foregoing, the specific situation raised in this appeal is addressed. (…)” VCG08/2025 ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of Content: Separate Note Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: ENVIRONMENT Subtopics:
SANITARY LANDFILL..
In environmental matters, it is also the undersigned's criterion that, if there has already been intervention by the Public Administration, I consider that its knowledge and resolution corresponds to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction. However, I do address the merits of the matter when other rights of the persons affected by the source of contamination are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy, pollution-free environment (Article 50 of the Political Constitution), as is the case here, in which the appellant filed a complaint regarding environmental contamination that has not been definitively resolved, violating the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a dignified quality of life.
VCG08/2025 ... See more SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, at nine o'clock and fifteen minutes on the first of August of two thousand twenty-five.
Amparo appeal filed by Nombre01, identity card CED05, against the MUNICIPALITY OF CARTAGO AND THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH.
WHEREAS:
All of the above based on Technical Report No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-URS-IT0016-2025, which determined that there is a condition of abandonment on the property owned by the Municipality of Cartago. For May 14, 2025, the monthly inter-institutional inspection (Municipality of Cartago, Ministry of Health and SETENA) of the sanitary landfill is scheduled, where compliance with the administrative act indicated herein will be verified. He adds that, on August 18, 2019, through official communication MS-DRRSCE-ARSC-1050-2019, the respective response was provided to the Administrative Environmental Tribunal addressing each of the eight orders emanating from that authority.
…continue depositing waste on the latter’s property, which forms an integral part of the landfill project, without a leachate treatment plant (because the existing one is located on the aforementioned municipal property in accordance with the approved environmental viability (viabilidad ambiental)), and therefore, presumably without environmental control, much less sanitary control. That despite this, the Cartago Health Governing Area (Área Rectora de Salud de Cartago), and with the manifest opposition of this Municipality, granted renewal of the Sanitary Operating Permit (Permiso Sanitario de Funcionamiento) to the company WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. to continue carrying out said solid waste disposal activity on the aforementioned property, classifying the current disposal site as a Sanitary Landfill (Relleno Sanitario) as risk B, classification CIIU 3822, in violation of environmental and health legislation, which is clear in indicating that sanitary landfills are classified as risk A, classification CW 3822...the Health Governing Area IS NOT CLEAR ON HOW THE LEACHATES WILL BE TREATED AT THE SITE, since as has been stated, the land where the waste treatment deposit is taking place DOES NOT HAVE A TREATMENT PLANT...it is being allowed that a breach of the Environmental Viability occurs and worse still, it gives approval to generate, outside the law, AN OPEN-AIR WASTE DUMP (BOTADERO DE DESECHOS A CIELO ABIERTO) (...)." By means of resolution number 820-18-TAA, at 11:33 on August 24, 2018, it was ordered that: "(…) in accordance with the provisions of article 99, subsection a) of the Organic Environmental Law (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente), No. 7554, this Office agrees to bring to the attention (...) the terms of the present complaint, which is being processed under administrative file number 132-18-03-TAA (.. .) from this moment on you may present any arguments of fact and/or law, and/or any evidence in relation to the present investigation process, for which the present administrative file is made available to you, which may be consulted Monday through Friday at the headquarters of the Environmental Administrative Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo) (...)".
Likewise, in accordance with article 23 of the Regulations of Procedures of the Environmental Administrative Tribunal (Reglamento de Procedimientos del Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo) No. 34136-MINAE, a field inspection was convened for October 9, 2018. On August 23, 2018, the general secretary of the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental), by means of Official Letter SETENA-SG-1575-2018, filed an environmental complaint and indicates that Resolution 1955-2016-SETENA states: "...First...File the complaint before the Environmental Administrative Tribunal so that it may resolve, within the terms of its competence, the matter concerning the cells constructed on the properties registered under cadastral map: no farm generated, owned by WPP Continental Costa Rica S.A: and on the farm registry number no cadastral map, owned by the Municipality of Cartago, in the Province of Cartago, Canton Cartago, Dulce Nombre District.
The foregoing, given that said cells appear to be outside the environmentally assessed area..." By means of resolution number 1047-18-TAA at 11:33 hours on August 24, 2018, the following was ordered: "That on the twenty-third day of August of the year two thousand eighteen, this Judicature received official letter SETENA-SG-1575-2018 (visible from folio 49 to 52 of the file), signed by Msc. Sergio Bermúdez Muñoz, General Secretary of SETENA, by means of which he formally files an environmental complaint against the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill Project. For the foregoing, and by virtue of the fact that by means of resolution number 820-18-TAA at eleven hours thirty-three minutes of the twenty-fourth of August of the year two thousand eighteen, an on-site ocular inspection was convened for the reported sector, jointly with officials of this Judicature, which will be carried out at 9:00 am on the upcoming TUESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2018, and as of the date of the same, the above-indicated official letter had not yet been filed within the file in question, this Office agrees to request Msc. Sergio Bermúdez Muñoz, General Secretary of SETENA, or whoever holds his position, to participate in the same in his capacity as complainant, or whomever he delegates for such purposes." By official letter TAA-DT-004-19 signed by Msc. Gabriela Nájera Ocampo, an official of the Environmental Tribunal, she indicates the following: "CONCLUSIONS: An inspection was carried out both at the site that was used as a Dump (Vertedero) and at the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill.
The officials of the company WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A indicated that since June 12, the date on which the contract with the Municipality of Cartago ended, no maintenance action has been carried out at the site, only at the leachate treatment plant. With respect to the Dump, both on the slopes where the solid waste was deposited and on the edge of the access road, there is scattered solid waste without any type of cover (cobertura). No stormwater gutters or other similar system were observed that would allow these waters to be channeled to a site for final disposal. The origin of the water discharging from a white PVC pipe on a slope, near the entrance to the Dump, could not be corroborated. There are 2 ponds (formed with black plastic) outside the property of the Dump, where in one of these there was accumulated water with a brown coloration; however, the reason for which these ponds were built, the quality and type of water stored there, and its final disposal are unknown.
It is unknown if these slopes of the Dump have adequate stability and the percentage of inclination specified by the Sanitary Landfill Regulations (Reglamento de Rellenos Sanitarios) for this type of project (30%), a situation that is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health to assess, as the competent Institution. With respect to the gas venting chimneys in the Dump, at the time of the inspection, not all were operating. In the Dump, a downspout formed by black plastic was observed with water running dark brown in color and with an odor characteristic of leachates. Near the downspout and the manhole where the water from the downspout arrived, an accumulation of waste was observed, without cover, a situation that was observed by WPP official Mr. Franklin Obregón Zamora. According to WPP company officials, there are 10 leachate collection wells on that property, from which the leachates are directed to the treatment plant.
The observed collection wells did not have lids and had a relatively low flow of presumed leachates inside. In some sectors, along the sides of the access road in the Dump, the presence of what is presumed to be leachates was observed, which could indicate that there is no efficient conveyance of the same to the treatment plant; however, this is something that must be corroborated by the competent Institutions. There is a second water downspout, formed by black plastic, which at the time of the inspection was dry. At the final section of this, an accumulation of waste without cover and water, which in appearance could be leachates, was observed directly on the ground. The treatment plant apparently receives the leachates generated both in the Dump and in the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill. It is made up of a series of units whose effluent is directed by means of a PVC pipe to the Agua Caliente River, which is located at an approximate distance of 100 m. According to the treatment plant's Logbook, routine sampling is carried out, while effluent quality sampling is carried out every 6 months in accordance with the frequency established in the Wastewater Discharge and Reuse Regulations (Reglamento de Vertido y Reúso de Aguas Residuales).
According to the officials of the Cartago Health Governing Area, on February 6 of this year, a state control was carried out on the effluent, the results and actions taken from which could be sent to the TAA. At the site where the first water downspout was observed, a clogged leachate collector was found with leachate leaks at its base (on the slope), such that they ran over the ground until reaching the stormwater downspout; it should be noted that, in this case, leachates without any type of treatment were being filtered into the ground and part of these was reaching a stormwater downspout (this was corroborated by WPP official Mr. Franklin Obregón Zamora). Along the slope of the Dump where the first downspout was located and up to the main entrance of the Dump property, waste without cover was observed, as well as accumulation of water and bubbling on the ground. The officials of the Municipality of Cartago did not participate in the inspection carried out at the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill, by instruction of Mrs.
Olga Marta Arias. The Sanitary Landfill has security at its entrance, a weighing area for trucks entering to deposit waste, and also a washing area for the same. At the working front (frente de trabajo), solid waste was being deposited by collection trucks, and the distribution of this waste was being carried out along the deposit area. The WPP company officials are unaware of the number of the cell in which the waste deposit is currently being carried out. Both the deposit of black bags with waste, as well as debris and red bags (characteristic of bioinfectious waste) were observed; for an approximate daily total of 300 tons. It was indicated that control over the reception of waste found in red bags corresponds to the health centers that must autoclave their waste and subsequently send it to the Sanitary Landfill. Around the cell being used, chimneys were observed, but not all were operating at the time of the inspection.
Solid waste was observed outside the working front without cover. Leachate collection points were observed; these are directed through pipes from those collection points to the treatment plant that was observed on the land belonging to the Municipality of Cartago. According to WPP officials, that treatment plant is used since the entire area corresponds to the same project; however, this is a matter that must be analyzed by SETENA, as the competent Institution. Near the leachate collection site, and at the base of the cell where the working front is located, possible leachates were observed on the ground (...)". On June 6, 2019, they were notified of the amparo appeal No. 19-008824-007-CO. With official letter number 31419-TAA, the report requested by the Court is rendered, regarding the appeal for revocation (recurso de revocatoria) filed by Nombre04, against the Municipality of Cartago.
By means of resolution number 1134-19-TAA at 9:57 hours on July 8, 2019, the following was agreed: "(...)THIRD: On the need to impose a precautionary measure (medida cautelar) in the present case. That in accordance with the facts reported by Mr. Manuel Badilla Sánchez, in his capacity as Acting Mayor of the Municipality of Cartago, as well as what was observed in the on-site ocular inspection carried out by this Tribunal, previously detailed in resultando XIX of this resolution, which once analyzed, this Office considers that the actions being carried out at the site may generate environmental damage that is difficult or impossible to repair, therefore, in application of the precautionary principle, this Tribunal considers it necessary to undertake certain actions and therefore deems it pertinent to adopt a PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE consisting of: Order the MUNICIPALITY OF CARTAGO in the person of Mr.
Nombre05, in his capacity as Mayor of said local government, or whoever holds his position, to proceed to carry out on the land belonging to the municipal corporation, which apparently corresponds to farm registry number , the following mitigation measures: Improve the leachate collection system, because in many sectors possible leachates were observed on the ground surface and even in a stormwater downspout. Carry out improvement actions in the gas collection, conveyance, and treatment system; this because chimneys without operation and bubbles in the ground were observed, apparently from gas that is not being collected. Carry out the pertinent improvement actions for the peripheral and internal collection system, conveyance, and disposal of stormwater, because at the time of the inspection these were not observed. Assess, by means of a technical study, the stability of the slopes found at the Dump site, in accordance with current legislation.
Carry out the corresponding analysis regarding the use of 2 ponds located outside the Dump property, apparently on a property belonging to the Municipality of Paraíso, this because accumulated water was observed in one of the ponds, the quality and final disposal of which are unknown. Carry out the actions that are pertinent to guarantee that there is no solid waste without cover, prone to causing environmental and public health problems; the foregoing in the Dump area. Present a complete map of the project area, identifying the actions being carried out therein. For the implementation and execution of the ordered actions, a period of 30 calendar days (días naturales) is granted, which will begin to run from the first business day following notification of this resolution. The effects of this interlocutory precautionary measure will persist until this Office issues the final act in this ordinary administrative investigation procedure or until it rules otherwise.
The MUNICIPALITY OF CARTAGO in the person of Mr. Nombre05, in his capacity as Mayor of said local government, or whoever holds his position, is advised that failure to fully comply with this precautionary measure could lead to incurring the crime of disobedience to authority, as provided for and punishable by imprisonment under article 314 of the Penal Code (Código Penal), and that you may provide to this administrative file any documentary and/or expert evidence you deem convenient or that corresponds regarding the precautionary measure imposed by this resolution. An Appeal for Revocation (Recurso de Revocatoria) may be filed against this precautionary measure within the third business day following notification of this resolution in accordance with the provisions of article 346 of the General Law of Public Administration (Ley General de Administración Pública). Order the company WPP CONTINENTAL DE COSTA RICA S.A., legal identification number CED02, represented in its capacity as President by Mr.
ARTURO CHACON GAMBOA, bearer of identity card number CED03 or whoever holds his position, AND WPP CORICLEAN LOS mbre02 W WASTE DISPOSAL S.A., legal identification number CED01, represented in its capacity as President by Mrs. Olga Marta Arias Rivas, identity card CED04, to proceed to carry out on the land where the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill is located, Mr. mbre02 and which is operated by your represented entity, the following mitigation measures: Carry out the appropriate actions or practices for stormwater conveyance to avoid possible effects in the work area. Carry out the actions that are pertinent to guarantee that there is no solid waste without cover. Carry out improvement actions in the gas collection, conveyance, and treatment system; this because chimneys without operation were observed. Improve the leachate collection system on the access road, at the interior level of the working front cells.
Present a complete map of the project area, identifying the actions being carried out therein. For the implementation and execution of the ordered actions, a period of 30 calendar days is granted, which will begin to run from the first business day following notification of this resolution. The effects of this precautionary precautionary measure will persist until this Office issues the final act in this ordinary administrative investigation procedure or until it rules otherwise. The company WPP CONTINENTAL DE COSTA RICA S.A., legal identification number CED02, represented in its capacity as President by Mr. ARTURO CHACON GAMBOA, bearer of identity card number CED03 or whoever holds his position, and WPP CORICLEAN LOS mbre02 W WASTE DISPOSAL S.A., legal identification number CED01, represented in its capacity as President by Mrs. OLGA MARTA ARIAS RIVAS, bearer of identity card number CED04, or whoever holds her position, are advised that failure to fully comply with this precautionary measure could lead to incurring the crime of disobedience to authority, as provided for and punishable by imprisonment under article 314 of the Penal Code, and that you may provide to this administrative file any documentary and/or expert evidence you deem convenient or that corresponds regarding the precautionary measure imposed by this resolution.
An Appeal for Revocation may be filed against this precautionary measure within the third business day following notification of this resolution in accordance with the provisions of article 346 of the General Law of Public Administration. FOURTH: That this Office deems it necessary to order Dr. Andrea Morales Fisher, in her capacity as Director of the Cartago Health Governing Area, or whoever holds her position, to submit a detailed technical report indicating the following information: ONE: The actions that the office under your command has taken to follow up on the Dump area, in order to avoid possible environmental and public health effects, the foregoing in accordance with your competencies established by Law (including detail of activities and application schedule). TWO: Report on the permits granted regarding the site where the Dump is located, their scope, and follow-up. THREE: Report whether the treatment plant was approved, flow rate, and origin of the leachates it treats, in accordance with the Regulations for Approval and Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants (Reglamento de Aprobación y Operación de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales).
FOUR: Certification of the quality of the discharged wastewater for the last 2 years. FIVE: Results of the cross-control carried out by the Ministry of Health, and detail of the corrective actions approved if any value was found to be outside the standard. SIX: Report on the follow-up provided by your represented entity to the Sanitary Landfill, in accordance with the competencies this Institution possesses by law, including improvement actions, compliance schedules, and other aspects deemed pertinent. SEVEN: Report on the follow-up and compliance with Sanitary Order CEARS-OS-0235-2018, regarding the non-conformities detected at the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill. EIGHT: Submit a bimonthly report verifying compliance with the imposed precautionary measure. The foregoing must be fulfilled within a period of ten calendar days counted from the first business day following notification of this resolution.
FIFTH: That this Office agrees to order Eng. José Miquel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate (Dirección de Agua) of MINAE, or whoever holds his position, to submit a technical report indicating whether the treatment plant being operated by WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. has a discharge permit, detailing flow rate and receiving body. The foregoing must be fulfilled within a period of ten calendar days counted from the first business day following notification of this resolution. SIXTH: That this Tribunal agrees to order Licda. Cinthva Barzuna Gutiérrez, in her capacity as General Secretary of the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (SETENA) or whoever holds her position, to submit to this Office the terms of the Environmental Viability granted, specifying its scope, compliance according to the follow-up provided by your Institution, and whether corrective actions or technical closure have been requested.
Likewise, submit the technical report of the inspection carried out in October of the previous year by Mr. Mauricio Solís Campos, an official under your command. Furthermore, you must present a complete map of the project area, identifying the actions being executed therein. The foregoing must be fulfilled within a period of ten calendar days counted from the first business day following notification of this resolution. SEVENTH: Order Mr. Nombre05 in his capacity as Mayor of the Municipality of Cartago, or whoever holds his position, to certify by means of registry number in a real folio the registered owner of the property where the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill is located. The foregoing must be fulfilled within a period of ten calendar days counted from the first business day following notification of this resolution (...)". On August 1, 2019, a brief was received signed by the then mayor of the Municipality of Cartago, by means of which he files an appeal for revocation with an appeal in subsidy (Apelación en Subsidio) against resolution number 1134-19-TAA of 9:57 hours on July 8, 2019.
On August 5, 2019, a writing was received from Nombre07, in his capacity as representative of the company WPP Continental de Costa Rica, Sociedad Anónima, by means of which he reiterates the one presented on July 29, indicating that all the actions ordered in Resolution No. 1134-19-TAA had already been carried out. Resolution No. 2020-02374 is on record. By means of Resolution No. 1391-2020-TAA of 11:12 hours on May 6, 2020, it is agreed: “Reject the Appeal for Revocation, as well as the concomitant nullity filed by Mr. Nombre05, against resolution number 1134-19-TAA of nine hours fifty-seven minutes on the eighth day of July of the year two thousand nineteen, for the facts described in the third considering of this resolution. SECOND: Reject as inadmissible the Appeal in Subsidy filed against resolution number 1134-19-TAA of nine hours fifty-seven minutes on the eighth day of July of the year two thousand nineteen”.
By Resolution No. 1392-2020 of 13:15 hours on May 6, 2020, the opening of an ordinary administrative procedure was ordered, and a hearing was scheduled for August 6 at 8:30 hours at the headquarters of the Environmental Administrative Tribunal. Later, by means of Resolution No. 1898-2020-TAA of 11:30 hours on June 17, 2020, it was agreed to suspend the oral and public hearing, as not all parties had been notified; in adherence to the principle of due process and right to defense, safeguarded in articles 39 and 41 of the Political Constitution (Constitución Política), and Monday, October 19 of that same year is scheduled as the new date to carry out this proceeding. By Resolution 2824-2020-TAA of 11:25 hours on October 15, 2020, the Tribunal proceeds to change the venue for holding the oral and public hearing. On October 19, 2020, the oral and public hearing was held. By resolution number 45-2021-TAA of 12:30 hours on January 20, 2021, it was ordered: “(...) SOLE: Mr.
Oscar Bermúdez García, in his capacity as Regional Director of the Eastern Health Rector’s Office (Rectoría de la Salud Este) of the Ministry of Health, and the parties to this proceeding are advised that the Tribunal is in the final stage of the ordinary administrative procedure and, in accordance with the provisions of article 111 of the Organic Environmental Law, it is not within its competence to grant technical approvals for the eventual acceptance of what the reported company presents; the technical bodies must be the ones to rule on the matter and send to this Office what corresponds (…)". On April 20, 2021, the legal representatives of WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. and of WPP CORICLEAN LOS mbre02 W WASTES DISPOSAL S.A., submitted a writing indicating: "respectfully, we appear to request the DECLARATION OF EXPIRATION (DECLARATORIA DE CADUCIDAD) OF THIS PROCEEDING. This petition is based on the provisions of article 340 of the General Law of Public Administration, and on the fact that the oral and public hearing was held on October 19, 2020; the six-month period having already elapsed without the issuance of the final act having been notified, nor has this proceeding advanced in any sense.
Thus, it is said, respectfully, that not only has the period provided for in article 27 of Executive Decree No. 34136 already elapsed more than amply, but also, the normative assumption of the aforementioned numeral of the General Law of Public Administration has already been fulfilled. Consequently, invoking the principle of legality, as well as the fundamental right to prompt and complete administrative justice, we request that this petition be granted, DECLARING THE PROCEEDING EXPIRED for all legal purposes with the respective consequences... ". By means of Resolution No. 669-2021-TAA of 10:05 hours on June 16, 2021, this Tribunal resolved: "...SOLE: REJECT THE EXPIRATION PETITION of the ordinary administrative procedure followed under file No. 132-18-03-TAA, filed by Mrs. Nombre07, representative of WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A: and Mrs. Olga Marta Arias Rivas, representative of WPP CORICLEAN LOS mbre02 W WASTES DISPOSAL S.A ...
". Subsequently, by means of Resolution No. 853-2021-TAA of 9:00 hours on July 21, 2021, evidence was requested for a better resolution, indicating the following: "...1. Request from MSc. Cynthia Barzuna, in her capacity as General Secretary of the National Environmental Technical Secretariat, or whoever holds her position, that: “a. In view of Official Letter SETENA-SG-1575-2018 (visible on folios 49 to 51 of the administrative file) which indicates: "...FIFTH...It is determined that the project has carried out works in areas that do not have Environmental Viability..." in relation to Official Letter SETENA-SG-1333-2019 (visible on folios 273 to 288 of the administrative file), particularly insofar as it indicates: "...By means of Resolution NO 2262-2017-SETENA, of November 28, 2017...this secretariat establishes the following ... SECOND: … That according to the scenario set out in the previous Considering, this Secretariat considers that the project area to which the Environmental Viability was granted, by means of Official Letter SG-1033-2003-mbre03 d of July 1, 2003, contains a total of 8.4 ha, which are located solely in cadastral maps C-4092236-1980 and C-572610-1980 …” and in relation to the location diagram visible on folio 288 of the administrative file, report: What is the farm(s) real folio(s) map(s) where the works were supposedly developed without having environmental viability; also, create a Location Diagram, indicating the maps where the Viability was granted and the maps where the project was supposedly developed.
The foregoing within a period of ten calendar days counted from the day following notification of this resolution. b. In view of Resolution No. 2712-2019-mbre03 (visible on folios 334 to 359 of the administrative file), in particular folios 351 to 352, which indicates: “… That according to what was evidenced in the inspection carried out on October 9, 2018, and the documentation existing in the file, the following can be concluded: Table 1. Observation 6 … At the time of the inspection, several points were located where the presence of leachates or outcroppings of the same were detected on access roads, stormwater accounts, pipes, hillsides, and leaks from the wells. The direct discharge of leachates into a stream or natural stormwater channel was also detected …”, this Tribunal agrees to carry out an on-site ocular inspection with officials of this Tribunal, which will take place on July 29, 2021, at 09:00 hours, the meeting point of which will be the site of the reported facts, jointly with MSc. Cynthia Barzuna, whoever holds her position or whomever she designates, and Eng.
José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate of MINAE, whoever holds his position or whomever he designates, for the purpose of identifying the place where the supposed stream or natural stormwater channel was supposedly located. Within a period of ten calendar days after the inspection, Eng. José Miguel Zeledón Calderón, in his capacity as Director of the Water Directorate of MINAE, or whoever holds his position, is requested to indicate the condition of the supposed water body, indicating whether it constitutes a public domain channel. All parties to administrative file No. 132-18-03-TAA are summoned to this inspection...” On July 21, 2021, a writing was received from Oscar Guzmán Coto, by means of which he provides the following documentation: Official Letter CNE-UlAR-lNF-0519-2019, from the National Emergency Commission (Comisión Nacional de Emergencias, CNE), official letter MS-DFBS-UGl-DUS-236-2020, official letter MS-DPRSA-546-2020, official letter MS-DPRSA609-2020 (all from the Ministry of Health), resolution number 722-2021-SETENA, official letter MSDRRSCE-URS-lT-0233-2021, official letter MS-DFBS-UGl-293-2021, resolution MS-DRRSCE-06542021 (all from the Ministry of Health) and a writing without an official letter number signed by Oscar Alberto Guzmán Coto.
Folios 2293 through 2306 of the case file contain official communication number 596-2021-TAA, signed by the acting president of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, through which she responds to the Chamber regarding an amparo appeal. On July 22, 2021, a motion for revocation is received against resolution number 853-2021-TAA, which is signed by Nombre07, representative of WPP Continental de Costa Rica S. A. That same day, an unnumbered document signed by Oscar Alberto Guzmán Coto is received, through which diverse documentation is provided as evidence. Through resolution number 895-2021-TAA at 2:10 p.m. on July 27, 2021, it was ordered: "(...) FIRST: Reject the motion for revocation filed by Mrs. Nombre07, representative of WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A., on the merits and on procedural grounds, in accordance with what is indicated in the third considering clause of this resolution.
SECOND: Regarding the request for expiration, Mrs. Nombre07 is instructed to adhere to the provisions of Resolution 669-2021-TAA. THIRD: Suspend the on-site visual inspection (inspección ocular in situ) scheduled for July 29, 2021, at 9:00 a.m. and reschedule the aforementioned proceeding for Tuesday, August 3, 2021, at 9:00 a.m., the meeting point for which will be the location of the reported events. NOTIFY." On August 4, 2021, official communication number SETENA-SG-SG-0988-2021 was received, signed by the secretary general of the National Environmental Technical Secretariat, through which he responds to what was requested via resolution number 853-2021-TM. He provides official communication number SETENA-DT-ASA-1146-2021. Then, on August 9 of that same year, official communication number DA-UHCAROC-0297-2021 was received, signed by the Water Directorate, through which it provides a determination regarding the body of water.
Folios 2472 through 2479 of the case file at hand contain official communication number TAA-DT-316-2021, from the Technical Department of this Tribunal, through which it states the following: "(...) l. the request set forth in administrative resolutions 853-2021-TAA and 895-2021-TAA to conduct a visual inspection (inspección ocular) at the site as evidence for a better resolution was fulfilled. 2. The official mbre03 m showed the supposed site assessed by the official of mbre03 e in October 2018, said site was assessed by the official of the Water Directorate for the rendering of the technical criterion requested by the TAA. 3. At the site, photographs and geographic location points of the site where the inspection requested by the TAA was carried out were taken as a reference for said proceeding …". With official communication number SETENA-DT-ASA-1191-2021, the results of the inspection conducted on August 3, 2021, are provided, in which the following is concluded: "…
It is up to the Water Directorate to determine whether the surface water runoff observed on the property of the Municipality of Paraíso, into which the waters from the observed downspout discharge...". Through official communication from the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic No. DBP-OFl-252-2021, a simple copy of case files 132-18-03 and 212-16-02 was requested. Folios 2495 through 2499 contain the Tribunal's resolution No. 1109-2021TAA, in which there is a single agreement, which is to inform the parties of the official communications: SETENA-SG-SG-0988-2021, SETENA-DT-ASA-1146-2021, DAUHCAROC-0297-2021, TAA-DT-3165-2021, SETENA-SG-1021-2021, SETENA-DT-ASA1191-2021, so that within a period of three business days counted from the business day following the notification of this resolution, they may refer to what is established in that documentation. Folio 2511 contains the request submitted by the mayor of Cartago, Lic. Mario Redondo Poveda, to authorize municipal official José Alberto Araya Quirós to withdraw from digital case file No. 132-18-03-TAA and resolution No. 11092021-TAA.
Folio 2512 shows that Marcela Medrana Meza, treasurer with powers of General Attorney-in-Fact without limit of sum for WPP - Cloriclean Los mbre02 W Waste Disposal S.mbre06.,., authorizes Rafael Hernández Pérez to withdraw a copy of digital case file No. 132-18-03-TAA. Folios 2516 through 2518 contain a document from Nombre07 through which she responds to the hearing granted by the Tribunal. Likewise, folios 2519 through 2521 of the case file at hand contain the official communication from the Plenary Commission, Agreement ACP-013-2014, which states: "FIRST: That the submission of an environmental assessment for a Technical Closure of a Landfill is inadmissible, and must instead go to the Ministry of Health, for the purpose of carrying out the intended technical closure. SECOND: Order the archiving of the administrative case files for Technical Closure of Landfills that are under analysis in this Secretariat.
". It is recorded that the mayor of Cartago stated: "...With respect to the theory of the case of my represented party, the evidence regarding which a ruling is requested to be issued does not affect it, much less, the body of evidence that has been offered in support of said theory. Quite the opposite, it even confirms what this municipality has maintained in that it bears no responsibility whatsoever in mbre04 h reported events...". At folios 2523 through 2530 of the administrative case file, resolution number 1402-2021-TAA mbre03 d of 9:40 a.m. on September 8, 2021, Administrative Case File number FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA, is recorded, through which it hears a motion for revocation with a subsidiary appeal filed against resolution no. 722-2021-SETENA, and in this regard it states: "(...) FIRST: In accordance with the reasons of fact and law set forth, the Motion for Revocation against resolution NO 722-2021-SETENA is REJECTED.
(…)". Folios 2531 through 2533 of the administrative case file contain a subsidiary appeal against resolution No. 722-2021-SETENA, filed before the Office of the Minister of Environment, in which it states: "(...) I request that the appeal be granted, with the consequences of law. In the alternative, I request that the supervening nullity be accepted, which, for procedural economy, mbre03 t also acknowledged in resolution 1402-2021-mbre03 ( (...)". At folios 2533 through 2585, the judgment of the Chamber No. 2021021240 of 9:15 a.m. on September 24, 2921, is recorded, which: "(...) partially grants the appeal. Consequently, the following is ordered...b) to Ana María de Montserrat Gómez de la Fuente Quiñónez, in her capacity as president of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, or to whoever holds that position, so that, within a period of 2 months counted from the notification, a final resolution is issued in the administrative proceeding followed in case file no. 132-18-03-TAA.
(.. .)". Also recorded is a document presented on December 8, 2021, by the general attorney-in-fact without limit of sum of EMPRESAS BERTHIER EBI DE COSTA RICA S.A., through which she states: “… A NEW FACT WITH NOTABLE INCIDENCE ON THE MATTER BEING INVESTIGATED IS MADE KNOWN …”. Folios 2614 through 2629 of the administrative case file contain resolution number 270-2022-mbre03 d of February 17, 2022, PROJECT FOR TECHNICAL CLOSURE OF THE NAVARRO LANDFILL AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE LOS mbre02 E SANITARY LANDFILL, ADMINISTRATIVE CASE FILE number FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. At folios 2630 through 2634 and 2637 through 2642 of the administrative case file, official communication number DA-UHCAROC-0121-2022 of April 18, 2022, signed by the Caribbean Hydrological Unit, of the Water Directorate, is recorded. At folios 2635 and 2636 of the administrative case file, official communication SETENA-SG-0391-2022, signed by the secretary general of SETENA, is recorded.
Folios 2642 through 2653 contain resolution number 917-2022-mbre03 d of June 1, 2022. At folio 2654 a of the administrative case file, the judgment of the Chamber No. 2022022066 of 9:20 a.m. on September 23, 2022, is recorded, which orders: "(…) The filed action is dismissed (…)". Folios 2657 through 2670 of the administrative case file contain resolution number 1663-mbre03 d of October 2022. Folios 2671 through 2673 of the administrative case file contain a document presented on February 20, 2023, signed by the representatives of WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. and of WPP Coriclen Los mbre02 W Waste Disposal S.A., through which they request a declaration of expiration of the proceeding. At folios 2674 and 2675 of the administrative case file, a document presented on June 9, 2023, by those same representatives is recorded, requesting: "... once again, to accept the expiration and order the archiving of this case file.
Furthermore, we request that the material res judicata character of the cited Vote and the agreement signed with the Municipality of Cartago be respected...". Folios 2676 through 2686 of the case file at hand contain official communication SETENA-SG-0864-2023, corresponding to Case File FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. Folios 2687 through 2689 of the administrative case file contain Official Communication SETENA-DT-0890-2023, corresponding to Case File FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. Folios 2690 through 2694 of the administrative case file contain Official Communication No. SETENA-DT-1080-2023, corresponding to Case File FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. Folios 2695 through 2704 of the administrative case file contain Official Communication No. SETENA-SG-D023-2024, corresponding to Case File FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. At folios 2705 and 2706 of the administrative case file, Official Communication No. 350-2024-TAA is recorded, addressed to the Public Law Area, Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, through which a copy of case file number 132-18-03-TAA, official communication number 349-2024-TAA, is sent.
At folios 2707 and 2708, a document presented on May 13, 2024, signed by the representative of WPP Continental Los mbre02 S S.A., is recorded, through which she states: "1-On Friday, May 10, 2024, by force, without prior communication and against our will, the Municipality of Cartago took possession of the farm that belongs to it and that forms an integral part of the Los Pinos Sanitary Landfill process. 2. That day, the Municipality of Cartago placed fences and installed a gate, without our consent, expelling us and preventing us from having access to said land. In the presence of OIJ officials (as our employees were the subject of a complaint that day), said Local Government took possession of the site and left a closed gate so that neither we nor anyone else can enter the site …". Folios 2709 through 2714 of the administrative case file contain official communication No. AL-OF-200-2024/AOM-OF-066-2024/ASC-OF-151-2024 received on May 15, 2024, addressed to the mayor of Cartago.
At folios 2715 and 2716 of the administrative case file, a note addressed to that same mayor is recorded. Folios 2717 through 2719 of the administrative case file contain official communication SEIENA-SG-0439-2024 received on May 23, 2024, signed by the secretary general of the National Environmental Technical Secretariat SETENA. Folios 2720 through 2730 of the administrative case file contain an email sent by the Municipality of Cartago, which states: "...After greeting you very respectfully, I take the liberty of sending an email regarding the WPP response to the transfer of execution of health order NO MS-DRRSCE-OS-001-2024, for your due attention...". Folios 2731 through 2733 of the administrative case file contain official communication No. AM-OF-391-2024 signed by the mayor of the Municipality of Cartago, addressed to the Minister of Health. Folios 2734 through 2741 contain resolution No. 1241-2024-mbre03 c corresponding to Administrative Case File No. FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA.
Folios 2743 through 2750 of the administrative case file contain Resolution No. 274-2024-mbre03 d of July 11, 2024, corresponding to Administrative Case File No. FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. Folios 2751 through 2757 of the administrative case file contain resolution No. 1275-2024-mbre03 d of July 11, 2024, corresponding to Administrative Case File No. FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. Folios 2758 through 2771 of the administrative case file contain resolution No. 1400-2024-mbre03 d of July 31, 2024. Folios 2776 through 2793 of the administrative case file contain resolution No. 183-2025-mbre03 d of February 12, 2025, corresponding to Case File FEAP-0037-2002-SETENA. Folios 2794 through 2797 of the administrative case file contain official communication No. O-122-2025-TAA of February 18, 2025, signed by the acting judge secretary of the Administrative Environmental Tribunal and addressed to the Legal Area of the Municipality of Cartago, through which it sends certification of case file number 132-1803-TAA.
Finally, they indicate that the corresponding oral and public hearing has already been held; subsequent to said act and with the purpose of determining the real truth of the facts and taking into consideration the complexity of the case, the need to request evidence for a better resolution was determined, which has already been received from the competent institutions for such purposes and is currently under study and drafting of the issuance of the final act of the ordinary administrative proceeding, this Tribunal acting diligently in the handling of this administrative case file. This Office does not omit to indicate that once the final act is final and binding, it will be notified to this Chamber for its better proceeding.
Drafted by Magistrate Hess Herrera; and,
CONSIDERING:
The appellant claims that the respondent authorities have not carried out any of the actions ordered by the Administrative Environmental Tribunal to guarantee the protection of the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. He affirms that this conduct is contrary to his fundamental rights.
Before analyzing the merits of the matter, it must be clarified that, as of judgment No. 2008-02545 at 08:55 a.m. on February 22, 2008, this Chamber has referred to the contentious-administrative jurisdiction –with some exceptions– those matters in which it is disputed whether the Public Administration has complied or not with the reasonably established deadlines to resolve the requests made by the administered parties, in light of the provisions of Article 41 of the Political Constitution. In the specific case, an exception case arises, as it concerns the neglect of environmental pollution problems. In view of the foregoing, we proceed to resolve the specific situation raised in this appeal.
Of relevance for the decision of this amparo, the following are deemed proven:
This Tribunal established that, in Navarro, of Dulce Nombre de Cartago, the Los Nombre02 sanitary landfill operated on adjoining lands owned by the Municipality of Cartago and the company WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A., who entered into a contract for the operation and final disposal of solid waste. Furthermore, it was verified that this local entity and that company, as well as WPP Coriclean Los Nombre02 Waste Disposal, S. A., entered into a conciliation for the conclusion of existing judicial processes and administrative proceedings, according to which, those companies would assume responsibility for the totality of the works that had to be executed for the technical closure of said landfill and its post-closure. Despite the foregoing, it was proven that in the months of June and August, both in 2018, complaints were filed before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal, in view of the fact that waste allegedly continued to be deposited on one of those properties, without having a leachate treatment plant, and for the supposed construction of cells outside the environmentally assessed area; facts for which, in July 2019, the Administrative Environmental Tribunal imposingly ordered some mitigation measures on the respondent local entity to reduce or avoid the environmental damages that these omissions could cause, especially those difficult or impossible to repair.
In this regard, this Chamber, in judgment No. 2020018888 at 9:15 a.m. on October 2, 2020, noted that, although: “… the authorities are aware of the referred problem and although several administrative acts have been issued, none has been effective and efficient.
Although the Ministry of Health has accepted that the contractual legal problem existing between the companies WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. and WPF Coriclean Los Nombre02 Waste Disponsal S.A. WPP and the Municipality of Cartago has caused the sector of the Sanitary Landfill (Relleno Sanitario) owned by that municipal corporation to have received no maintenance and that technical closure works have not been performed, resulting in the ponding of leachates (lixiviados) on the land, the exposure of waste due to lack of cover (cobertura), among other unsanitary conditions that endanger public health …”. Although, currently, the Los Nombre02 Sanitary Landfill is no longer operating, in January 2025, the Ministry of Health verified that this panorama has not improved, but rather that the reported situation persists, since: “… On the site there is no personnel to operate the treatment plant or provide maintenance to the system’s operating units, the access road, internal roads, or surrounding areas.
The preparation of the coagulant mix that the treatment plant operator was responsible for is not being carried out, so there is no dosing of it, which causes there to be no physical-chemical separation treatment, which is the first stage of treatment and helps lower the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, and Heavy Metals to levels where lagoon-based biological treatment is permitted. Due to the above, the leachates flow to the lagoon without receiving the established physical-chemical treatment, so the lagoon is completely clogged and presents an intense black coloration identical to the leachates generated in the waste cells, which shows that the microbial bed has collapsed and practically disappeared. The sludge from the lagoon is not being purged to the drying beds (lechos de secado). The dehydrated sludge in the drying beds was not collected. The leachates from the drying beds are not being pumped to the first stage of the treatment system (at this point, rainwater could also be entering).
The structures of the drying beds are deteriorating due to lack of maintenance and cleaning. The water flow pipe from the lagoon to the FAFA filters is detached, so it is unknown where the liquid is discharging after the lagoon. Added to this, the inspection chamber where samples are taken is completely covered by vegetation, so it is not possible to observe any inflow into it. The shed where sampling instruments and aluminum sulfate (flocculant) are stored remains closed and with increasingly more vegetation around it. Like the shed, all treatment units are being invaded by vegetation, causing their deterioration. In summary, conditions of complete abandonment in the operation have persisted at the site since May 10, 2024, so there are also no routine follow-up and control samplings according to decree N° 033601-S-MINAE by the responsible party. At this point, it is important to place on record that there is an uncontrolled pollution condition to a natural water body (Agua Caliente River), which is receiving water with high contents of organic and inorganic load, suspended solids, and dissolved heavy metals, among others, characteristic of leachates generated in sanitary landfills, also evidenced through official communication MS-DPRSA-USA-1335-2024 containing the results of the sampling performed by the CHEMLABS Environmental Analysis Service Laboratory as part of the state surveillance of wastewater by the Ministry of Health.
This pollution situation must be notified to the Administrative Environmental Tribunal (Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo) so that it may take follow-up actions. Maintenance of the project areas. It was evident during the site visit that continuity has not been given to maintenance work in various areas of the project. Additionally, it was evident that the zone is being invaded by local fauna such as livestock, which enter to graze. Stormwater channeling.\nOn land owned by the Municipality of Cartago, the stormwater channeling cannot be observed; lack of maintenance is evident; the impediment to visibility is due to the growth of grass around the system and within the ditches\n. On the other hand, work performed on the stormwater channeling in the sector owned by WPP was evident. Placement of cover material. No cover material placement work was observed, because the Los Nombre02 Sanitary Landfill project was out of operation.
Disposition of machinery at the project. During the site visit, no machinery performing work was observed. Disposition of cover material. No piles of cover material were observed at the site. Chimneys for biogas flaring. In general, the functioning of the chimneys is partial. During the site visit, zones with the chimneys extinguished were observed, this on the property of the Municipality of Cartago; in previous visits, the presence of a person responsible for verifying the ignition was observed only for the WPP property; however, and due to the very rainy conditions at the time of the visit, there was no personnel in the field performing that task. Wind-scattered waste. In previous visits, “windblown” waste had been evident in areas near the uncovered zones (east sector); currently, the grass is so tall and due to the rainy conditions at the time of the visit, the existence of “windblown” waste was not observed.
There is no personnel assigned to manual waste collection tasks. Active front for solid waste placement. A zone remains with waste exposed to the open air, a zone that corresponded to the active work front where the sanitary operator was depositing waste, a site located on land owned by the Municipality of Cartago, which was left abandoned, since it has been without operation since Friday, May 10, and waste cover and slope configuration actions were not carried out. For this zone, the technical criteria of the company WPP in the works they were carrying out prior to their abandonment are unknown, regarding the opening of cells, removal of vegetation cover (cobertura vegetal), reordering of the waste buried there, and placement of new waste, control of odors and noxious fauna, conformation of new slopes, control of windblown waste, control of gas emissions, odors, and channeling of leachates and stormwater, among others, because before the operation in said zone (not authorized by SETENA, the Municipality of Cartago, and the Ministry of Health), a work plan with the operational technical fundamentals and criteria was not submitted.
The sector is abandoned without any type of operation and maintenance. Inclination of conformed slopes. It cannot be stated that there are fully finalized slopes in the sectors of the previous work front operated until late 2023 on land owned by the company WPP Continental Los Nombre02 S.A., nor in the work front that ceased operation since May 10, 2024. Demarcation of the property boundary between WPP and the Municipality of Cartago. It was evident during the site visit that blue posts exist which mark the boundary between the lands owned by the company WPP and the Municipality of Cartago. In that perimeter, the lack of maintenance is more evident …”. Based on the foregoing, it is on record that, by means of sanitary order (orden sanitaria) No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-DARSC-OS0020-2025 of February 10, 2025, the mayor of Cartago was ordered to do the following: “a) Provide cover for the currently exposed waste; b) Continue with the maintenance work of the leachate treatment plant; c) Perform maintenance of the chimneys for gas release; d) Perform maintenance of the perimeter channels and works necessary for the optimal conveyance of runoff water; e) Conduct stability monitoring of the slopes, in prevention of possible landslides; and f) Provide maintenance of green areas and internal roads…”, within a period of three days.
However, according to the appealing governing health area (área rectora de salud) of Cartago, once that term expired, things have not changed, since in the inspection of May 14, 2025, the invasion of livestock in project areas, the lack of maintenance of project areas, the existence of exposed waste in abandoned cells of the project, the presence of cracks in the ground in the area of the leachate treatment plant, the lack of maintenance on internal roads and perimeter channels of the project, as well as the lack of operation and maintenance of the project’s leachate treatment system were verified. In defense, the appealing mayor maintains that it is not his represented entity that is responsible for complying with those sanitary orders, since, as a consequence of the conciliation that the Municipality signed with WPP Continental Los Pinos, S. A. and WPP Coriclean Los Nombre02 Waste Disposal, S. A., it is the developer that is responsible for executing the mitigation measures decreed by the Ministry of Health, the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental, SETENA), and the Administrative Environmental Tribunal itself.
Based on the foregoing, he maintains that, in this case, no omission can be reproached to his represented entity. For this Chamber, the justification given in this particular matter is not acceptable, since, as was held in a previous matter in which the issue of the abandonment of the sanitary landfill in question and its consequences was discussed: “… the constitutional significance is limited to verifying whether the respondent authorities have been diligent in attending to and finally solving said environmental problem, which, as is easily verifiable, has not been the case. Apart from the above, the attitude assumed by the municipal corporation of Cartago is unacceptable, because, even if it no longer deposits waste at the place of controversy, it cannot ignore that it must come to protect the fundamental rights of its residents. Attention to the citizens of its canton is unavoidable over any conflict …”.
Furthermore, it cannot ignore that “…This Tribunal has recognized that local corporations have, within the scope of their competencies and obligations, a high share of responsibility in environmental matters, whether through the direct approval of permits or licenses for which prior compliance with requirements that demonstrate adequate environmental management before other public authorities is demanded, or through regular inspections and channeling of risk situations to the authorities with greater competence to intervene. It has already been established that local governments are reached by the obligation of coordination and prevention in environmental matters within their territorial jurisdiction, from which it results that municipalities are certainly important actors in the task of protecting the environment. As indicated supra, not only that municipal corporation, but all the other respondent authorities, have broad faculties of action, and although they are subject to legality and reasonableness, the truth is that considering that it is a threat to the environment and public health, legality and formalisms are displaced …” (judgment No. 2020018888 of 9:15 a.m. on October 2, 2020).
Hence, it is evident that the respondent local entity, shielding itself behind a legal formalism, has refused to execute the mitigation measures ordered by the respondent sanitary authority to achieve a comprehensive solution to the denounced problem, since, as was proven, there exists a condition of abandonment on the land of its property, which puts the health of the neighbors and the population in general in imminent danger, regarding which the intervention of the Governing Health Area of Cartago has been of little effect to guarantee a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. That being the case, the Chamber finds that the alleged violation occurred. Under this reasoning, it is proper to grant the appeal, with respect to the respondent local entity and the respondent governing health area, as will be stated below.
On the other hand, the appellant must note that the alleged non-compliance with the precautionary measure decreed by the Administrative Environmental Tribunal in resolution No. 1134-19-TAA of 9:57 a.m. on July 8, 2019, must be challenged in the administrative proceeding and not in this specialized venue.
JUDGE SALAZAR ALVARADO’S NOTE. In environmental matters, it is also this undersigned’s criterion that if the Public Administration has already intervened, I consider that its hearing and resolution corresponds to the administrative contentious jurisdiction. However, I do enter to hear the merits of the matter when other rights of the persons affected by the source of contamination are at stake, among them, health, quality of life, and the right to enjoy a healthy environment free of pollution (article 50 of the Political Constitution), as occurs in this case, in which the appellant party filed a complaint for environmental pollution that has not been definitively resolved, with violation of the right to enjoy a healthy and ecologically balanced environment and a dignified level of quality of life.
DOCUMENTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FILE. The parties are warned that if they have submitted any paper document, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, informatic, magnetic, optic, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be removed from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not removed within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the “Electronic File Regulation before the Judicial Branch” (Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial), approved by the Full Court in session number 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in Judicial Bulletin number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judicial Branch, in session number 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
THEREFORE:
The appeal is granted. Mario Redondo Poveda, Grettel Quesada Moya, and Carlos Alberto Granados Siles, in their capacity as mayor and council president, both of Cartago, and as director of the Governing Health Area of Cartago, respectively, or whoever holds those positions, are ordered to arrange and coordinate whatever is necessary so that, within a period of TWO MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, the claimed environmental problem is definitively corrected, as well as to adopt the most urgent immediate palliative measures. The respondents are warned that, in accordance with the provisions of article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on whoever receives an order that they must comply with or enforce, issued in an amparo appeal, and does not comply with it or enforce it, provided that the crime is not more severely punished. The Municipality of Cartago and the State are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the facts that serve as the basis for this declaration, which will be liquidated in the execution of judgment of the administrative contentious jurisdiction. Judge Salazar Alvarado enters a note. Notify.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Telephones: Telf01/ ALA-4TA (Telf02). Fax: Telf03 / Telf04. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección02, Dirección03, 100 mts. South of the Perpetuo Socorro church).
Classification prepared by the CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER of the Judicial Branch. Its reproduction and/or distribution for profit is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 08-05-2026 08:54:52.
Sentencia con nota separada Indicadores de Relevancia Sentencia relevante Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente Contenido de Interés:
Temas Estrategicos: Ambiental,Der Económicos sociales culturales y ambientales Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
RELLENO SANITARIO..
Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
DENUNCIA.
Tema: PODER EJECUTIVO Subtemas:
QUEJA.
023963-25. AMBIENTE. MUNICIPALIDAD. PODER EJECUTIVO. SE ACUSA LA FALTA DE MANTENIMIENTO DE UN LUGAR, QUE FUE UN VERTEDERO DE BASURA A CIELO ABIERTO EN CARTAGO, EL CUAL, NO RECIBE NINGÚN TRATAMIENTO Y, ES UN RIESGO INMINENTE PARA LOS VECINOS Y GENERA SERIOS DAÑOS AL AMBIENTE. SE DECLARA CON LUGAR EL RECURSO. SE ORDENA A LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE CARTAGO Y, AL DIRECTOR DEL ÁREA RECTORA SALUD, QUE, EN EL PLAZO DE DOS MESES, SE CORRIJAN DE FORMA DEFINITIVA EL PROBLEMA AMBIENTAL RECLAMADO, ASÍ COMO SE ADOPTEN LAS MEDIDAS PALIATIVAS INMEDIATAS DE MAYOR URGENCIA. VCG08/2025 “(…) IV.- CASO CONCRETO. Este Tribunal acreditó que, en Navarro, de Dulce Nombre de Cartago, operó el relleno sanitario Los Pinos en unos terrenos colindantes que son propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago y de la empresa WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A., quienes suscribieron un contrato para la operación y disposición final de desechos sólidos.
Además, se verificó que ese ente local y esa sociedad, así como WPP Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disposal, S. A., suscribieron una conciliación para la conclusión de los procesos judiciales y los procedimientos administrativos existentes, según la cual, esas empresas se harían cargo de la totalidad de las obras que debían ejecutarse para el cierre técnico de dicho relleno y su post- cierre. Pese a lo anterior, se comprobó que en los meses de junio y agosto, ambos de 2018, se plantearon unas denuncias ante el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, en vista de que, presuntamente, se continuaban depositando desechos en uno de esos fundos, sin contar con una planta de tratamiento de lixiviados y por la supuesta construcción de celdas fuera del área ambientalmente evaluada; hechos por los que, en julio de 2019, el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo impuso cautelarmente algunas medidas de mitigación al ente local recurrido para reducir o evitar los daños ambientales que esas omisiones podrían ocasionar, especialmente aquellas de difícil o imposible reparación.
Sobre el particular, esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2020018888 de las 9:15 horas de 2 de octubre de 2020, señaló que, aunque: “… las autoridades conocen la problemática referida y si bien se han dictado varios actos administrativos, ninguno ha sido eficaz y eficiente. Tanto que el Ministerio de Salud ha aceptado que la problemática contractual de índole legal que existe entre las empresas WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. y WPF Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disponsal S.A. WPP y la Municipalidad de Cartago ha ocasionado que en el sector del Relleno Sanitario propiedad de ese cabildo no haya brindado mantenimiento ni se hayan realizado las obras de cierre técnico, teniendo como resultado el empozamiento de lixiviados en el terreno, la exposición de residuos por falta de cobertura, entre otras condiciones insalubres que ponen en riesgo la salud pública …”. Aunque, actualmente, el Relleno Sanitario Los Pinos ya no está operando, en enero de 2025, el Ministerio de Salud, verificó que ese panorama no ha mejorado, sino que la situación acusada persiste, pues: “…
En el sitio no hay personal para operar la planta de tratamiento ni dar mantenimiento a las unidades operativas del sistema, al acceso, caminos ni zonas aledañas. No se realiza la preparación de mezcla del coagulante que correspondía realizar al operador de la planta de tratamiento, por lo que no hay dosificación de este, lo que provoca que no exista tratamiento físico- químico de separación, que es la primera etapa del tratamiento y ayuda bajar los niveles de DQO, DBO, SST y Metales Pesados a niveles donde se permite utilizar tratamiento biológico lagunar. Debido a lo anterior, los lixiviados fluyen hasta la laguna sin recibir el tratamiento físicoquímico establecido, por lo que esta se encuentra completamente colmatada, presenta una coloración negro intenso igual a los lixiviados que se generan en las celdas con residuos, lo que evidencia que el lecho microbiano colapsó y prácticamente desapareció.
Los lodos de la laguna no se están purgando hacia los lechos de secado. Los lodos que se encuentran deshidratados en los lechos de secado no fueron recolectados. Los lixiviados de los lechos de secado no se están bombeando hacia la primera etapa del sistema de tratamiento (en este punto también podrían estar ingresando aguas pluviales). Las estructuras de los lechos de secado se están deteriorando por la falta de mantenimiento y limpieza. La tubería de flujo de agua desde la laguna hacia los filtros FAFA se encuentra desprendida, por lo que se desconoce por donde está desfogando el líquido posterior a la laguna. A esto se suma que la caja de registro donde se toman las muestras está completamente tapada por la vegetación, así que no es posible observar algún ingreso al mismo. La caseta donde se almacenan los Instrumentos de muestreo y el sulfato de aluminio (floculante) se mantiene cerrada y cada vez con más vegetación a su alrededor.
Al igual que la caseta, todas las unidades de tratamiento están siendo invadidas por la vegetación, lo que provoca su deterioro. En resumen, en el sitio se mantienen condiciones de completo abandono en la operación desde el 10 de mayo del 2024 por lo que tampoco existen muestreos de seguimiento y control rutinario según decreto N 033601-S-MlNAE por parte del responsable. En este punto es importante dejar evidencia que existe una condición de contaminación descontrolada a un cuerpo de agua natural (Río Agua Caliente), el cual está recibiendo aguas con altos contenidos de carga orgánica, inorgánica, sólidos suspendidos y metales pesados disueltos, entre otros, característicos de los lixiviados generados en rellenos sanitarios, también evidenciado mediante el oficio MS-DPRSA-USA-1335-2024 que contiene los resultados del muestreo realizado por el Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis Ambientales CHEMLABS como parte de la vigilancia estatal en aguas residuales del Ministerio de Salud.
Esta situación de contaminación debe ser notificada al Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo para que tome acciones a seguir. Mantenimiento de las áreas del proyecto. Se evidenció durante el recorrido que no se ha dado continuidad a las labores de mantenimiento en diversas áreas del proyecto. Adicional, se evidenció que la zona está siendo invadida por fauna local como ganado, que ingresan a pastar. Canalización de aguas pluviales.
En terrenos en propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago no se logra observar la canalización pluvial, se evidencia falta de mantenimiento, el impedimento en la visibilidad es debido al crecimiento de zacate alrededor del sistema y dentro de las cunetas. Por otro lado, se evidenciaron trabajos realizados en la canalización pluvial en sector propiedad WPP. Colocación de material para cobertura. No se observaron labores de colocación de material de cobertura, debido a que el proyecto Relleno Sanitario Los Pinos estaba fuera de operaciones. Disposición de maquinaria en el proyecto. Durante el recorrido no se observó maquinaria realizando labores. Disposición de material para cobertura. No se observó en el sitio apilamientos con material para cobertura. Chimeneas para quemado del biogás. En general, el funcionamiento de las chimeneas es parcial. Durante el recorrido se observaron zonas con las chimeneas apagadas esto en propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago, en anteriores visitas se ha observado la presencia de un responsable en la verificación del encendido solo para la propiedad de WPP, sin embargo, y debido a las condiciones de mucha lluvia en el momento de la visita, no había personal en el campo ejecutando esa labor.
Residuos esparcidos por el viento. En anteriores visitas, se han evidenciado residuos "volados" en las áreas cercanas a las zonas descubiertas (sector este), actualmente, el pasto está tan crecido y debido a las condiciones de lluvia del momento de la visita, no se apreció la existencia de residuos "volados". No hay personal asignado a labores de recolección manual de residuos. Frente activo de colocación de residuos sólidos. Se mantiene una zona con residuos expuestos a cielo abierto, zona que correspondía al frente activo de trabajo donde el operador sanitario se encontraba depositando residuos, sitio ubicado en terreno propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago, mismo que se dejó en abandono, ya que desde el viernes 10 de mayo se encuentra sin operación y no se llevaron a cabo las acciones de cobertura de residuos ni de configuración de taludes. Para esta zona se desconocen los criterios técnicos de la empresa WPP en los trabajos que estaban realizando previo a su abandono, en cuanto a la abertura de las celdas, remoción de cobertura vegetal, reordenamiento de los residuos ahí enterrados y colocación de nuevos residuos, control de olores y de fauna nociva, conformación de nuevos taludes, control de volados, control de emisión de gases, olores y canalización de lixiviados y aguas pluviales, entre otros, debido a que antes de la operación en dicha zona (no autorizada por SETENA, Municipalidad de Cartago y Ministerio de Salud), no se entregó un plan de trabajo con los fundamentos y criterios técnicos de operación, El sector se encuentra en abandono sin ningún tipo de operación y mantenimiento.
Inclinación de taludes conformados. No se puede indicar que existen taludes finalizados por completo en los sectores del anterior frente de trabajo operado hasta finales de 2023 en terreno propiedad de la empresa WPP Continental Los Pinos S.A., ni en el frente de trabajo que dejó de operarse desde el 10 de mayo 2024. Demarcación del límite de propiedad de terreno de WPP y de Municipalidad de Cartago. Se evidenció en el recorrido la existencia de postes color azul los cuales marcan el límite entre los terrenos propiedad de la empresa WPP y de la Municipalidad de Cartago. En dicho perímetro es más evidente la falta de mantenimiento …”. Por lo anterior, consta que, mediante la orden sanitaria No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-DARSC-OS0020-2025 de 10 de febrero de 2025 se ordenó al alcalde de Cartago, lo siguiente: “a) Brindar cobertura de los residuos actualmente expuestos; b) Continuar con las labores de mantenimiento de la planta de tratamiento de lixiviados; c) Realizar el mantenimiento de las chimeneas para la liberación de gases; d)Realizar el mantenimiento de los canales perimetrales y obras necesarias para la conducción optima de aguas de escorrentía; e) Realizar la vigilancia de estabilidad de los taludes, en prevención de posibles deslizamientos y f) Brindar el mantenimiento de zonas verdes y vías internas…”, en un plazo de tres días.
Empero, según señala el área rectora de salud recurrida, vencido ese término, las cosas no han cambiado, por cuanto en la inspección de 14 mayo de 2025 se comprobó la invasión de ganado en áreas del proyecto, la falta de mantenimiento de las áreas del proyecto, la existencia de residuos expuestos en celdas abandonadas del proyecto, la presencia de grietas en el terreno en área de la planta de tratamiento de lixiviados, la falta de mantenimiento en caminos internos y canales perimetrales del proyecto, así como la falta de operación y de mantenimiento en el sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados del proyecto. En descargo, el alcalde recurrido sostiene que no es a su representada a la que le corresponde atender esas órdenes sanitarias, pues, como consecuencia de la conciliación que el Ayuntamiento suscribió con WPP Continental Los Pinos, S. A. y WPP Coriclean Los Pinos Waste Disposal, S. A., es al desarrollador al que le corresponde ejecutar las medidas de mitigación decretadas por el Ministerio de Salud, la Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental y el propio Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo.
Por lo anterior, sostiene que, en este caso, no puede reprochársele omisión alguna a su representada. Para esta Sala la justificación que en este particular se brinda, no es de recibo, pues, conforme se sostuvo en un asunto anterior en el que se discutió el tema del abandono del relleno sanitario en cuestión y sus consecuencias: “… la trascendencia constitucional se limita en verificar si las autoridades accionadas han sido diligentes en atender y solventar finalmente dicha problemática ambiental, que como es fácilmente constatable, no ha sido así. Aparte de lo anterior, es inaceptable la actitud asumida por el ayuntamiento de Cartago, pues, aunque ya no deposite los desechos el lugar de controversia, no puede obviar que debe acudir en tutela de los derechos fundamentales de sus munícipes. Es insoslayable la atención a la ciudadanía de su cantón por encima de cualquier conflicto …”. Además, no puede obviar que“…Este Tribunal ha reconocido que las corporaciones locales tienen, dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y obligaciones una alta cuota de responsabilidad en materia ambiental, sea mediante la aprobación directa de permisos o licencias para las cuales se exija el previo cumplimiento de requisitos que acrediten ante otras instancias del poder público el adecuado manejo ambiental, como mediante inspecciones regulares y canalización de situaciones de riesgo ante las instancias con mayor competencia de intervención.
Ha quedado establecido ya que a los gobiernos locales les alcanza la obligación de coordinación y prevención en materia ambiental dentro del ámbito de su jurisdicción territorial, de donde resulta que ciertamente las municipalidades son actores importantes en la tarea de protección al ambiente. Como se indicó supra, no solo ese cabildo, sino todas las demás autoridades recurridas, cuentan con amplias facultades de actuación, y si bien se encuentran sujetas a la legalidad y la razonabilidad, lo cierto es que teniendo en cuenta que se trata de una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud pública, la legalidad y los formalismos se ven desplazados …” (sentencia No. 2020018888 de las 9:15 hora de 2 de octubre de 2020). De ahí que, es evidente que el ente local recurrido escudándose en un formalismo legal se ha negado a ejecutar las medidas de mitigación dispuestas por la autoridad sanitaria recurrida, para conseguir una solución integral al problema denunciado, pues, conforme se comprobó, existe una condición de abandono en el terreno de su propiedad, que pone en inminente peligro la salud de los vecinos y de los pobladores en general, respecto de lo cual la intervención del Área Rectora de Salud de Cartago ha sido poco efectiva para garantizar un entorno sano y ecológicamente equilibrado.
Así las cosas, estima la Sala que se produjo la infracción acusada. Bajo esta inteligencia, se impone acoger el recurso, en lo que respecta al ente local y al área rectora de salud recurridas, conforme se dirá.
De otra parte, advierta el recurrente que el supuesto incumplimiento de la medida cautelar decretada por el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo en la resolución No. 1134-19-TAA de las 9:57 horas de 8 de julio de 2019, debe acusarla en el procedimiento administrativo y no en esta vía especializada. (…)” ... Ver más Sentencias Relacionadas Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 1. CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA CON JURISPRUDENCIA Tema: 041- Tutela judicial efectiva. Justicia pronta y cumplida Subtemas:
NO APLICA.
ARTÍCULO 41 DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA “(…) II.- CUESTIÓN PREVIA. Antes de analizar el fondo del asunto debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia No. 2008-02545 de las 08:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso- administrativa –con algunas excepciones– aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la Administración Pública ha cumplido o no los plazos razonablemente pautados para resolver las solicitudes planteadas por los administrados a la luz de lo dispuesto por el artículo 41, de la Constitución Política. En el caso concreto, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues, se trata de la desatención de problemas de contaminación ambiental. Atendiendo a lo expuesto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta planteada en este recurso. (…)” VCG08/2025 ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Nota separada Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: AMBIENTE Subtemas:
RELLENO SANITARIO..
En asuntos ambientales, es también criterio del suscrito, de que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, considero que su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente presentó una denuncia por una contaminación ambiental que no ha sido resuelta en forma definitiva, con violación del derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
VCG08/2025 ... Ver más SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas quince minutos del uno de agosto de dos mil veinticinco .
Recurso de amparo promovido por Nombre01, cédula de identidad CED05, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE CARTAGO Y EL MINISTERIO DE SALUD.
RESULTANDO:
c)Realizar el mantenimiento de las chimeneas para la liberación de gases.
d)Realizar el mantenimiento de los canales perimetrales y obras necesarias para la conducción optima de aguas de escorrentía.
Todo lo anterior con fundamento en el informe Técnico No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-URS-IT0016-2025, que determinó que existe una condición de abandono en el terreno propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago. Para el día 14 mayo de 2025 se tiene previsto realizar la inspección mensual de carácter interinstitucional (Municipalidad de Cartago, Ministerio de Salud y SETENA) al relleno sanitaria, donde se verificará la condición de cumplimiento del acto administrativo aquí indicado. Agrega que, el 18 agosto de 2019, mediante el oficio MS-DRRSCE-ARSC-1050-2019 se brindó la respectiva respuesta al Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo donde se abordaron cada una de las ocho ordenanzas emanadas por esa autoridad.
Redacta la Magistrada Hess Herrera; y,
CONSIDERANDO:
El recurrente acusa que las autoridades recurridas no han realizado ninguna de las acciones ordenadas por el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo para garantizar la tutela del derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado. Afirma que ese proceder es contrario a sus derechos fundamentales.
Antes de analizar el fondo del asunto debe aclararse que, a partir de la sentencia No. 2008-02545 de las 08:55 horas del 22 de febrero de 2008, esta Sala ha remitido a la jurisdicción contencioso- administrativa –con algunas excepciones– aquellos asuntos en los que se discute si la Administración Pública ha cumplido o no los plazos razonablemente pautados para resolver las solicitudes planteadas por los administrados a la luz de lo dispuesto por el artículo 41, de la Constitución Política. En el caso concreto, se plantea un supuesto de excepción, pues, se trata de la desatención de problemas de contaminación ambiental. Atendiendo a lo expuesto, se entra a resolver la situación concreta planteada en este recurso.
De relevancia para la decisión del presente amparo se tienen por demostrados los siguientes:
Este Tribunal acreditó que, en Navarro, de Dulce Nombre de Cartago, operó el relleno sanitario Los Nombre02 en unos terrenos colindantes que son propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago y de la empresa WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A., quienes suscribieron un contrato para la operación y disposición final de desechos sólidos. Además, se verificó que ese ente local y esa sociedad, así como WPP Coriclean Los Nombre02 Waste Disposal, S. A., suscribieron una conciliación para la conclusión de los procesos judiciales y los procedimientos administrativos existentes, según la cual, esas empresas se harían cargo de la totalidad de las obras que debían ejecutarse para el cierre técnico de dicho relleno y su post- cierre. Pese a lo anterior, se comprobó que en los meses de junio y agosto, ambos de 2018, se plantearon unas denuncias ante el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo, en vista de que, presuntamente, se continuaban depositando desechos en uno de esos fundos, sin contar con una planta de tratamiento de lixiviados y por la supuesta construcción de celdas fuera del área ambientalmente evaluada; hechos por los que, en julio de 2019, el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo impuso cautelarmente algunas medidas de mitigación al ente local recurrido para reducir o evitar los daños ambientales que esas omisiones podrían ocasionar, especialmente aquellas de difícil o imposible reparación.
Sobre el particular, esta Sala en la sentencia No. 2020018888 de las 9:15 horas de 2 de octubre de 2020, señaló que, aunque: “… las autoridades conocen la problemática referida y si bien se han dictado varios actos administrativos, ninguno ha sido eficaz y eficiente. Tanto que el Ministerio de Salud ha aceptado que la problemática contractual de índole legal que existe entre las empresas WPP Continental de Costa Rica S.A. y WPF Coriclean Los Nombre02 Waste Disponsal S.A. WPP y la Municipalidad de Cartago ha ocasionado que en el sector del Relleno Sanitario propiedad de ese cabildo no haya brindado mantenimiento ni se hayan realizado las obras de cierre técnico, teniendo como resultado el empozamiento de lixiviados en el terreno, la exposición de residuos por falta de cobertura, entre otras condiciones insalubres que ponen en riesgo la salud pública …”. Aunque, actualmente, el Relleno Sanitario Los Nombre02 ya no está operando, en enero de 2025, el Ministerio de Salud, verificó que ese panorama no ha mejorado, sino que la situación acusada persiste, pues: “…
En el sitio no hay personal para operar la planta de tratamiento ni dar mantenimiento a las unidades operativas del sistema, al acceso, caminos ni zonas aledañas. No se realiza la preparación de mezcla del coagulante que correspondía realizar al operador de la planta de tratamiento, por lo que no hay dosificación de este, lo que provoca que no exista tratamiento físico- químico de separación, que es la primera etapa del tratamiento y ayuda bajar los niveles de DQO, DBO, SST y Metales Pesados a niveles donde se permite utilizar tratamiento biológico lagunar. Debido a lo anterior, los lixiviados fluyen hasta la laguna sin recibir el tratamiento físicoquímico establecido, por lo que esta se encuentra completamente colmatada, presenta una coloración negro intenso igual a los lixiviados que se generan en las celdas con residuos, lo que evidencia que el lecho microbiano colapsó y prácticamente desapareció.
Los lodos de la laguna no se están purgando hacia los lechos de secado. Los lodos que se encuentran deshidratados en los lechos de secado no fueron recolectados. Los lixiviados de los lechos de secado no se están bombeando hacia la primera etapa del sistema de tratamiento (en este punto también podrían estar ingresando aguas pluviales). Las estructuras de los lechos de secado se están deteriorando por la falta de mantenimiento y limpieza. La tubería de flujo de agua desde la laguna hacia los filtros FAFA se encuentra desprendida, por lo que se desconoce por donde está desfogando el líquido posterior a la laguna. A esto se suma que la caja de registro donde se toman las muestras está completamente tapada por la vegetación, así que no es posible observar algún ingreso al mismo. La caseta donde se almacenan los Instrumentos de muestreo y el sulfato de aluminio (floculante) se mantiene cerrada y cada vez con más vegetación a su alrededor.
Al igual que la caseta, todas las unidades de tratamiento están siendo invadidas por la vegetación, lo que provoca su deterioro. En resumen, en el sitio se mantienen condiciones de completo abandono en la operación desde el 10 de mayo del 2024 por lo que tampoco existen muestreos de seguimiento y control rutinario según decreto N 033601-S-MlNAE por parte del responsable. En este punto es importante dejar evidencia que existe una condición de contaminación descontrolada a un cuerpo de agua natural (Río Agua Caliente), el cual está recibiendo aguas con altos contenidos de carga orgánica, inorgánica, sólidos suspendidos y metales pesados disueltos, entre otros, característicos de los lixiviados generados en rellenos sanitarios, también evidenciado mediante el oficio MS-DPRSA-USA-1335-2024 que contiene los resultados del muestreo realizado por el Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis Ambientales CHEMLABS como parte de la vigilancia estatal en aguas residuales del Ministerio de Salud.
Esta situación de contaminación debe ser notificada al Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo para que tome acciones a seguir. Mantenimiento de las áreas del proyecto. Se evidenció durante el recorrido que no se ha dado continuidad a las labores de mantenimiento en diversas áreas del proyecto. Adicional, se evidenció que la zona está siendo invadida por fauna local como ganado, que ingresan a pastar. Canalización de aguas pluviales. En terrenos en propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago no se logra observar la canalización pluvial, se evidencia falta de mantenimiento, el impedimento en la visibilidad es debido al crecimiento de zacate alrededor del sistema y dentro de las cunet as. Por otro lado, se evidenciaron trabajos realizados en la canalización pluvial en sector propiedad WPP. Colocación de material para cobertura. No se observaron labores de colocación de material de cobertura, debido a que el proyecto Relleno Sanitario Los Nombre02 estaba fuera de operaciones.
Disposición de maquinaria en el proyecto. Durante el recorrido no se observó maquinaria realizando labores. Disposición de material para cobertura. No se observó en el sitio apilamientos con material para cobertura. Chimeneas para quemado del biogás. En general, el funcionamiento de las chimeneas es parcial. Durante el recorrido se observaron zonas con las chimeneas apagadas esto en propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago, en anteriores visitas se ha observado la presencia de un responsable en la verificación del encendido solo para la propiedad de WPP, sin embargo, y debido a las condiciones de mucha lluvia en el momento de la visita, no había personal en el campo ejecutando esa labor. Residuos esparcidos por el viento. En anteriores visitas, se han evidenciado residuos "volados" en las áreas cercanas a las zonas descubiertas (sector este), actualmente, el pasto está tan crecido y debido a las condiciones de lluvia del momento de la visita, no se apreció la existencia de residuos "volados".
No hay personal asignado a labores de recolección manual de residuos. Frente activo de colocación de residuos sólidos. Se mantiene una zona con residuos expuestos a cielo abierto, zona que correspondía al frente activo de trabajo donde el operador sanitario se encontraba depositando residuos, sitio ubicado en terreno propiedad de la Municipalidad de Cartago, mismo que se dejó en abandono, ya que desde el viernes 10 de mayo se encuentra sin operación y no se llevaron a cabo las acciones de cobertura de residuos ni de configuración de taludes. Para esta zona se desconocen los criterios técnicos de la empresa WPP en los trabajos que estaban realizando previo a su abandono, en cuanto a la abertura de las celdas, remoción de cobertura vegetal, reordenamiento de los residuos ahí enterrados y colocación de nuevos residuos, control de olores y de fauna nociva, conformación de nuevos taludes, control de volados, control de emisión de gases, olores y canalización de lixiviados y aguas pluviales, entre otros, debido a que antes de la operación en dicha zona (no autorizada por SETENA, Municipalidad de Cartago y Ministerio de Salud), no se entregó un plan de trabajo con los fundamentos y criterios técnicos de operación, El sector se encuentra en abandono sin ningún tipo de operación y mantenimiento.
Inclinación de taludes conformados. No se puede indicar que existen taludes finalizados por completo en los sectores del anterior frente de trabajo operado hasta finales de 2023 en terreno propiedad de la empresa WPP Continental Los Nombre02 S.A., ni en el frente de trabajo que dejó de operarse desde el 10 de mayo 2024. Demarcación del límite de propiedad de terreno de WPP y de Municipalidad de Cartago. Se evidenció en el recorrido la existencia de postes color azul los cuales marcan el límite entre los terrenos propiedad de la empresa WPP y de la Municipalidad de Cartago. En dicho perímetro es más evidente la falta de mantenimiento …”. Por lo anterior, consta que, mediante la orden sanitaria No. CARTA-MS-DRRSCE-DARSC-OS0020-2025 de 10 de febrero de 2025 se ordenó al alcalde de Cartago, lo siguiente: “a) Brindar cobertura de los residuos actualmente expuestos; b) Continuar con las labores de mantenimiento de la planta de tratamiento de lixiviados; c) Realizar el mantenimiento de las chimeneas para la liberación de gases; d)Realizar el mantenimiento de los canales perimetrales y obras necesarias para la conducción optima de aguas de escorrentía; e) Realizar la vigilancia de estabilidad de los taludes, en prevención de posibles deslizamientos y f) Brindar el mantenimiento de zonas verdes y vías internas…”, en un plazo de tres días.
Empero, según señala el área rectora de salud recurrida, vencido ese término, las cosas no han cambiado, por cuanto en la inspección de 14 mayo de 2025 se comprobó la invasión de ganado en áreas del proyecto, la falta de mantenimiento de las áreas del proyecto, la existencia de residuos expuestos en celdas abandonadas del proyecto, la presencia de grietas en el terreno en área de la planta de tratamiento de lixiviados, la falta de mantenimiento en caminos internos y canales perimetrales del proyecto, así como la falta de operación y de mantenimiento en el sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados del proyecto. En descargo, el alcalde recurrido sostiene que no es a su representada a la que le corresponde atender esas órdenes sanitarias, pues, como consecuencia de la conciliación que el Ayuntamiento suscribió con WPP Continental Los Pinos, S. A. y WPP Coriclean Los Nombre02 Waste Disposal, S. A., es al desarrollador al que le corresponde ejecutar las medidas de mitigación decretadas por el Ministerio de Salud, la Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental y el propio Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo.
Por lo anterior, sostiene que, en este caso, no puede reprochársele omisión alguna a su representada. Para esta Sala la justificación que en este particular se brinda, no es de recibo, pues, conforme se sostuvo en un asunto anterior en el que se discutió el tema del abandono del relleno sanitario en cuestión y sus consecuencias: “… la trascendencia constitucional se limita en verificar si las autoridades accionadas han sido diligentes en atender y solventar finalmente dicha problemática ambiental, que como es fácilmente constatable, no ha sido así. Aparte de lo anterior, es inaceptable la actitud asumida por el ayuntamiento de Cartago, pues, aunque ya no deposite los desechos el lugar de controversia, no puede obviar que debe acudir en tutela de los derechos fundamentales de sus munícipes. Es insoslayable la atención a la ciudadanía de su cantón por encima de cualquier conflicto …”. Además, no puede obviar que“…Este Tribunal ha reconocido que las corporaciones locales tienen, dentro del ámbito de sus competencias y obligaciones una alta cuota de responsabilidad en materia ambiental, sea mediante la aprobación directa de permisos o licencias para las cuales se exija el previo cumplimiento de requisitos que acrediten ante otras instancias del poder público el adecuado manejo ambiental, como mediante inspecciones regulares y canalización de situaciones de riesgo ante las instancias con mayor competencia de intervención.
Ha quedado establecido ya que a los gobiernos locales les alcanza la obligación de coordinación y prevención en materia ambiental dentro del ámbito de su jurisdicción territorial, de donde resulta que ciertamente las municipalidades son actores importantes en la tarea de protección al ambiente. Como se indicó supra, no solo ese cabildo, sino todas las demás autoridades recurridas, cuentan con amplias facultades de actuación, y si bien se encuentran sujetas a la legalidad y la razonabilidad, lo cierto es que teniendo en cuenta que se trata de una amenaza al medio ambiente y a la salud pública, la legalidad y los formalismos se ven desplazados …” (sentencia No. 2020018888 de las 9:15 hora de 2 de octubre de 2020). De ahí que, es evidente que el ente local recurrido escudándose en un formalismo legal se ha negado a ejecutar las medidas de mitigación dispuestas por la autoridad sanitaria recurrida, para conseguir una solución integral al problema denunciado, pues, conforme se comprobó, existe una condición de abandono en el terreno de su propiedad, que pone en inminente peligro la salud de los vecinos y de los pobladores en general, respecto de lo cual la intervención del Área Rectora de Salud de Cartago ha sido poco efectiva para garantizar un entorno sano y ecológicamente equilibrado.
Así las cosas, estima la Sala que se produjo la infracción acusada. Bajo esta inteligencia, se impone acoger el recurso, en lo que respecta al ente local y al área rectora de salud recurridas, conforme se dirá.
De otra parte, advierta el recurrente que el supuesto incumplimiento de la medida cautelar decretada por el Tribunal Ambiental Administrativo en la resolución No. 1134-19-TAA de las 9:57 horas de 8 de julio de 2019, debe acusarla en el procedimiento administrativo y no en esta vía especializada.
En asuntos ambientales, es también criterio del suscrito, de que si ya ha habido intervención de la Administración Pública, considero que su conocimiento y resolución corresponde a la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa. No obstante, sí entro a conocer el fondo del asunto cuando están de por medio otros derechos de las personas afectadas por el foco de contaminación, entre ellos, la salud, la calidad de vida y el derecho a gozar de un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación (artículo 50, de la Constitución Política), tal y como sucede en este caso, en el que la parte recurrente presentó una denuncia por una contaminación ambiental que no ha sido resuelta en forma definitiva, con violación del derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado y de un nivel digno de calidad de vida.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión número 27-11 del 22 de agosto de 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero de2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión número 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo de 2012, artículo LXXXI.
POR TANTO:
Se declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Mario Redondo Poveda, a Grettel Quesada Moya y a Carlos Alberto Granados Siles, en su condición de alcalde y de presidenta del Concejo, ambos de Cartago y, de director del Área Rectora Salud Cartago, respectivamente, o a quienes ejerzan esos cargos, que dispongan y coordinen lo necesario a efecto que, en el plazo de DOS MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se corrija de forma definitiva el problema ambiental reclamado, así como se adopten las medidas paliativas inmediatas de mayor urgencia. Se advierte a los recurridos que de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo, y no la cumpliere o hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena a la Municipalidad de Cartago y al Estado al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirven de base a esta declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso administrativo. El Magistrado Salazar Alvarado consigna nota. Notifíquese.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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