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Res. 09536-2025 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 28/03/2025
OutcomeResultado
The Chamber closes the amparo because the claims are already addressed by preliminary injunctions issued in the parent case and orders the filings transferred to that case.La Sala archiva el recurso de amparo porque los alegatos ya están resueltos mediante medidas cautelares dictadas en el expediente matriz y ordena desglosar los escritos hacia ese expediente.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber hears an amparo filed by Marco Vinicio Levy Virgo against the Municipality of Talamanca, alleging noncompliance with judgment 2019-12745, which partially struck down Law 9223 and ordered SINAC to delineate the forested area of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge. The petitioner claims that despite the passage of time, the delimitation has not been carried out and construction and logging permits continue to be issued in protected areas, including Ramsar site 783, causing serious environmental harm. The Chamber notes that in the original case file 14-19174-0007-CO, preliminary injunctions were already issued on March 7, 2025 —notably the suspension of concessions and permits on 20.1 ha of forest, the suspension of MINAE directive 09-2023, and a total moratorium on logging permits— and that the amparo arguments duplicate what is already being litigated in that proceeding. Consequently, it severs all filings and transfers them to the parent case file for resolution there, and orders the closure of this amparo.La Sala Constitucional conoce un recurso de amparo interpuesto por Marco Vinicio Levy Virgo contra la Municipalidad de Talamanca, en el que denuncia el incumplimiento de la sentencia 2019-12745 que anuló parcialmente la Ley 9223 y ordenó al SINAC delimitar la zona boscosa del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo. El recurrente señala que, pese al tiempo transcurrido, no se ha cumplido la delimitación y se continúan otorgando permisos de construcción y aprovechamiento forestal en áreas protegidas, incluido el sitio Ramsar 783, con grave daño ambiental. La Sala constata que en el expediente original 14-19174-0007-CO ya se dictaron medidas cautelares el 7 de marzo de 2025 —entre ellas la suspensión de concesiones y permisos en 20,1 ha de bosque, la suspensión de la directriz 09-2023 del MINAE y una moratoria total de permisos de corta— y que los argumentos del amparo coinciden con lo ya reclamado en ese proceso. Por ello, resuelve desglosar todos los escritos y remitirlos al expediente matriz para que se resuelva en ese único procedimiento, y ordena el archivo del presente recurso de amparo.
Key excerptExtracto clave
III. ON THE GROUNDS FOR SEVERANCE AND CLOSURE OF THIS AMPARO. Since the petitioner fundamentally alleges noncompliance with what this Chamber ordered in case file 14-19174-0007-CO by the municipal authorities, and given that the Chamber has recently issued several “preliminary injunctions” in that same case by order of twelve fifty-six on March 7, 2025, namely: “A) The granting of new concessions or permits is suspended, and the execution of already-granted concessions or permits by the Municipality of Talamanca is suspended, with respect to the 20.1 hectares of lands classified as forest located within the maritime-terrestrial zone of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge. B) Directive 09-2023 of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, which provides that the official boundaries of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge are those established in Law No. 9223, Recognition of the rights of the inhabitants of the South Caribbean, in force since April 8, 2014, is suspended. C) A total moratorium is declared on the granting of logging and forest-use permits by the Ministry of Environment and Energy and the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) in the areas of the seven forest blocks that must be formally, materially, and normatively returned to REGAMA. Both new permits and already-granted permits are immediately suspended, particularly the permit indicated by the Attorney General’s Office, permit 011-2024-ACLAC-SLT. (…)” (emphasis not in original), for that reason the allegations cannot be the subject of a new amparo, as they must be raised in the respective proceeding in which the allegedly unenforced ruling was issued.III.- SOBRE LAS RAZONES DEL DESGLOSE Y ARCHIVO DE ESTE RECURSO DE AMPARO. Dado que en lo fundamental la parte recurrente alega la presunta desobediencia a lo ordenado por esta Sala dentro del expediente 14-19174-0007-CO anteriormente indicado, ello por parte de las autoridades municipales, y siendo que dentro del mismo ya esta Sala ha ordenado recientemente varias “medidas cautelares” mediante resolución de las doce horas cincuenta y seis minutos del siete de marzo de dos mil veinticinco, a saber que: “A) Se suspende el otorgamiento de concesiones o permisos nuevos; y se suspende la ejecución de concesiones o permisos ya otorgados, por parte de Municipalidad de Talamanca, sobre las 20,1 has de terrenos clasificados como bosque que se ubican dentro de la zona marítimo terrestre del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo. B) Se suspende la directriz 09-2023 del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía que dispone que los límites oficiales del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo son los establecidos en la Ley N° 9223, Reconocimiento de los derechos de los habitantes del Caribe Sur, vigente desde el 8 de abril 2014. C) Se declara la moratoria total sobre el otorgamiento de permisos de corta y aprovechamiento forestal, por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía y el Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC), en las áreas de los siete bloques de bosque que deben ser retornadas formal, material y normativamente al REGAMA. Tanto los permisos nuevos como los permisos ya otorgados quedan suspendidos de inmediato, particularmente el indicado por la Procuraduría General de la República, permiso 011-2024-ACLAC-SLT. (…)” (el resaltado no corresponde al original), por ese motivo lo alegado no puede ser motivo de un nuevo recurso, pues ello debe reclamarse en el respectivo proceso en el cual se dictó la resolución cuyo incumplimiento se acusa.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Por ese motivo lo alegado no puede ser motivo de un nuevo recurso, pues ello debe reclamarse en el respectivo proceso en el cual se dictó la resolución cuyo incumplimiento se acusa."
"For that reason the allegations cannot be the subject of a new amparo, as they must be raised in the respective proceeding in which the allegedly unenforced ruling was issued."
Considerando III
"Por ese motivo lo alegado no puede ser motivo de un nuevo recurso, pues ello debe reclamarse en el respectivo proceso en el cual se dictó la resolución cuyo incumplimiento se acusa."
Considerando III
"Se suspende el otorgamiento de concesiones o permisos nuevos; y se suspende la ejecución de concesiones o permisos ya otorgados, por parte de Municipalidad de Talamanca, sobre las 20,1 has de terrenos clasificados como bosque que se ubican dentro de la zona marítimo terrestre del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo."
"The granting of new concessions or permits is suspended, and the execution of already-granted concessions or permits by the Municipality of Talamanca is suspended, with respect to the 20.1 hectares of lands classified as forest located within the maritime-terrestrial zone of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge."
Considerando III
"Se suspende el otorgamiento de concesiones o permisos nuevos; y se suspende la ejecución de concesiones o permisos ya otorgados, por parte de Municipalidad de Talamanca, sobre las 20,1 has de terrenos clasificados como bosque que se ubican dentro de la zona marítimo terrestre del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo."
Considerando III
Full documentDocumento completo
PROCEEDING: AMPARO ACTION RESOLUTION Nº 2025009536 CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours fifteen minutes on the twenty-eighth of March, two thousand twenty-five.
An amparo action filed by MARCO VINICIO LEVY VIRGO, identity card number 0700690314, against the MUNICIPALITY OF TALAMANCA.
Whereas:
On October 29, 2024, Rugeli Morales Rodríguez received in response the unnumbered official letter from Guápiles, dated December 2, 2024, signed by Licenciado Melvin Morales, in his capacity as Assistant Prosecutor, by which he forwards to us official letter OFAMTE-0327-2024 dated November 13, 2024, signed by Licenciada Yorleny Menocal Morales, in her capacity as head of the Tax Area of the Municipality of Talamanca, stating: "Dear Prosecutor, pursuant to the request for information required in case 21-000001-1851-PE, for the crime of land-use change (cambio de uso del suelo) and others. I attach the information contained in the municipal files regarding the properties referred to in your official letter. With nothing further, I subscribe." (End of textual quote) Second: Despite the fact that the head of the Tax Department forwarded to Licenciado Melvin Mora Hernández, Assistant Prosecutor of the Public Ministry, a list of 15 works without permits within forest, she does not provide evidence of having proceeded to halt the 15 construction works in accordance with the Precautionary Principle (Principio Precautorio), the Pro Natura Principle (Principio Pro Natura), the Principle of Non-Regression in environmental matters, and the Principle of Rational Use of Resources (Principio del Uso Racional de los Recursos), so that the necessary balance exists between the country's development and the right to the environment in the protection of the forest corresponding to Resolution No. 2019-12745 of July 10, 2019, which annulled Law No. 9223 "with respect to the territories comprised in the forested zone" (see file 14-19174-007-CO).
Third: Consequently, the lack of actions in accordance with the Precautionary Principle, the Pro Natura Principle, the Principle of Non-Regression in environmental matters, and the Principle of Rational Use of Resources significantly threatens my human right to a healthy and balanced environment and is causing me serious harm to my right to enjoy health, as well as the right of the entire community of Limón, which is a constitutional right. (...)".
Drafted by Justice Castillo Víquez; and,
Considering:
That within file 14-19174-0007-CO this Chamber issued judgment No. 2019-12745 of July 10, 2019, by which: "By majority, the action is granted, annulling the challenged Law No. 9223 'Recognition of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Southern Caribbean' solely with respect to the territories comprised in the forested zone, as provided by the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic in its reports. By virtue of the foregoing, the National System of Conservation Areas is ordered to proceed, within a period of twelve months, counted from the full publication of this ruling in the Judicial Bulletin, to delimit the aforementioned area and, together with the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, to exercise the corresponding legal actions in defense of the public patrimony." However, the petitioner alleges that as of the date of filing this appeal, more than five years after the order of this Chamber, it has not been complied with by the municipal authorities appealed here, due to an obvious economic interest.
He states that in this matter what he claims is the inaction of the "Municipal Mayor of Talamanca and the head of the Tax Department of the Municipality of Talamanca, Licenciada Yorleny Menocal Morales, in relation to their duty to proceed in accordance with the Precautionary Principle, the Pro Natura Principle, the Principle of Non-Regression in environmental matters, and the Principle of Rational Use of Resources, so that the necessary balance exists between the country's development and the right to the environment in the protection of the forest corresponding to Resolution No. 2019-12745 of July 10, 2019, which annulled Law No. 9223 'with respect to the territories comprised in the forested zone' (...) ". That the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge was declared a Ramsar Site in 1995 and constitutes a demanial property, which is not subject to appropriation by any private person.
Therefore, he requests that this Chamber compel the municipal authorities of Talamanca to proceed immediately with the suspension of the indiscriminate construction permits listed in official letter 067-FAAP-2024, located within the boundaries of the Gandoca Manzanillo Refuge, until the delimitation of the forest ordered in Resolution No. 2019-12745 of July 10, 2019, is carried out, as well as the suspension of the permits listed in official letter DU-040-02-2025 of February 6, 2025, referring to 24 subdivisions (fraccionamientos) of plans located in forest of the Ramsar Category 783 Site, Gandoca Manzanillo. In addition, he adds that the Talamanca-Cahuita District Coastal Regulatory Plan has omitted important wetlands identified in previous technical studies, which has allowed the concession and administration of zones that could form part of the Natural Patrimony of the State.
14-19174-0007-CO, RELATED TO THE SITUATION RAISED BY THE PETITIONER. As stated by the petitioner, this Chamber processed unconstitutionality action No. 14-19174-0007-CO filed by the —petitioner here— Marco Levi Virgo, to which, by resolution at eleven hours and twenty-three minutes on December seventeenth, two thousand fourteen, this Chamber ordered it to be processed "so that LAW NUMBER 9223 OF MARCH 10, 2014, be declared unconstitutional." Thus, on the matter and after a detailed study of the case records, this Chamber issued judgment number 2019-012745 at twelve hours and ten minutes on July tenth, two thousand nineteen, by which it ordered the following:
"1) By majority, the action is granted, annulling the challenged Law No. 9223 'Recognition of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Southern Caribbean' solely with respect to the territories comprised in the forested zone, as provided by the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic in its reports. By virtue of the foregoing, the National System of Conservation Areas is ordered to proceed, within a period of twelve months, counted from the full publication of this ruling in the Judicial Bulletin, to delimit the aforementioned area and, together with the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, to exercise the corresponding legal actions in defense of the public patrimony. This declaration of unconstitutionality shall have declaratory and retroactive effect to the date of entry into force of the norm, all without prejudice to rights acquired in good faith.
"(...) 1) the non-compliance with judgment No. 2019-012745 at 12:10 hours on July 10, 2019, is declared, and David Chavarría Morales and Franz Tattenbach Capra, in their respective capacities as director of the National System of Conservation Areas and Minister of Environment and Energy, or those who hold those positions, are ordered to arrange what is necessary, coordinate what is pertinent, and take the measures that correspond within the scope of their respective competencies, so that, immediately, said resolution is complied with; 2) David Chavarría Morales and Franz Tattenbach Capra, in their respective capacities as director of the National System of Conservation Areas and Minister of Environment and Energy, or those who hold those positions, are ordered to submit monthly reports to this file on compliance with what is ordered herein; 3) Iván Vinicio Vincenti Rojas, in his capacity as Attorney General of the Republic, or whoever holds that position, is ordered to arrange what is necessary, coordinate what is pertinent, and take the measures that correspond within the scope of his competencies, so that, once Sinac delimits the corresponding area, together with that institution the pertinent legal actions are exercised in defense of the public patrimony; 4) David Chavarría Morales and Franz Tattenbach Capra, in their respective capacities as director of the National System of Conservation Areas and Minister of Environment and Energy, as well as Iván Vinicio Vincenti Rojas, in his capacity as Attorney General of the Republic, or those who hold those positions, are warned that in case of non-compliance with what is ordered herein, they may be prosecuted for the crime of disobedience to authority regulated in Article 314 of the Penal Code, which imposes '...imprisonment of six months to three years, on anyone who does not comply or does not enforce compliance, in all its aspects, with the order issued by a jurisdictional body or by a public official in the exercise of their functions, provided that it has been communicated personally, except in the case of their own detention'; 5) as for the rest, the proceeding is declared without merit; 6) personal notification of this resolution to David Chavarría Morales, Franz Tattenbach Capra, and Iván Vinicio Vincenti Rojas, in their order director of the National System of Conservation Areas, Minister of Environment and Energy, and Attorney General of the Republic, or to those who hold those positions in their stead, is ordered. Justices Rueda Leal and Araya García set out separate notes. Justice Alvarado Paniagua gives additional reasons. Justice Garro Vargas partially grants the proceeding for her own reasons, only with regard to the delimitation of the area, based on what was reported to this Chamber through official letter No. ACTo-DRFVS-FPMF-363-2020 of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), on the understanding that such delimitation requires a survey in a formal document determining the perimeter, location, and which area is public and which is not, in which case, if State lands are found, compliance with the judgment shall continue; in addition, she orders that the operative part of judgment No. 2019-012745 be supplemented so that it is understood that SINAC must proceed—once the formal delimitation has been carried out in the stated terms—to prepare an inventory of the private lands on which forest areas are located in the zones surrounding the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge and immediately proceed to impose and maintain control of the limitations that legally correspond. Justice Salazar Alvarado dissents and reiterates that only the necessary actions should be exercised to reclaim for the State the lands that have been illegitimately occupied in the protected zones in accordance with the law, as he held together with Justice Hernández López and Justice Araya García in Judgment No. 2019-12745 at 12:10 hours on July 10, 2019."
Then, by resolution at twelve hours fifty-six minutes on March seventh, two thousand twenty-five, this Chamber ordered a series of precautionary measures, namely:
"(...) In accordance with the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article 41 of the cited Law, and pursuant to the other competencies of this Constitutional Jurisdiction, any precautionary measure of conservation or security that prudence advises may be ordered, to prevent material risks or avoid other damages arising from the acts carried out. Thus, it is resolved that, in the interval of time for the delimitation and until such time as the Final Report on compliance with judgment No. 2019-12745 at 12:10 hours on July 10, 2019, reaches this Chamber; while this Chamber does not provide otherwise; and to avoid serious and irreparable damage to the environment, THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES ARE ISSUED: A) The granting of new concessions or permits is suspended; and the execution of concessions or permits already granted, by the Municipality of Talamanca, over the 20.1 hectares of land classified as forest located within the maritime-terrestrial zone of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge, is suspended. B) Directive 09-2023 of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, which provides that the official boundaries of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge are those established in Law No. 9223, Recognition of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Southern Caribbean, in force since April 8, 2014, is suspended. C) A total moratorium on the granting of logging and forest use permits is declared, by the Ministry of Environment and Energy and the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), in the areas of the seven forest blocks that must be formally, materially, and normatively returned to REGAMA. Both new permits and permits already granted are suspended immediately, particularly the one indicated by the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, permit 011-2024-ACLAC-SLT. (...)"
Given that, fundamentally, the petitioner alleges the presumed disobedience to what was ordered by this Chamber within the aforementioned file 14-19174-0007-CO, by the municipal authorities, and since within the same file this Chamber has recently ordered several "precautionary measures" by resolution at twelve hours fifty-six minutes on March seventh, two thousand twenty-five, namely: "A) The granting of new concessions or permits is suspended; and the execution of concessions or permits already granted, by the Municipality of Talamanca, over the 20.1 hectares of land classified as forest located within the maritime-terrestrial zone of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge, is suspended. B) Directive 09-2023 of the Ministry of Environment and Energy, which provides that the official boundaries of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge are those established in Law No. 9223, Recognition of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Southern Caribbean, in force since April 8, 2014, is suspended.
DH-DAJ-196-2025 DATED FEBRUARY 20, 2025. Given that the mentioned official letter, signed by Angie Cruickshank Lambert in her capacity as Defender of the Inhabitants of the Republic, is clearly addressed expressly to file 14-019174-0007-CO and not to this appeal, the appropriate course is for the document contained in the electronic record of this proceeding at 3:41:45 p.m. on February twenty-eighth, two thousand twenty-five, to be added to file number 14-19174-0007-CO, so that what is legally appropriate may be resolved there.
The parties are warned that if they have provided any document on paper, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn from the office within a maximum period of 30 business days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, any material not withdrawn within this period will be destroyed, in accordance with the provisions of the "Regulations on Electronic Files before the Judiciary," approved by the Full Court in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, Article XXVI, and published in Judicial Bulletin number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, Article LXXXI.
Therefore:
Sever all documents incorporated into the digital file at 2:45:10 p.m. on 02/20/2025, at 8:44:12 a.m. on 02/25/2025, at 2:39:07 p.m. on 02/25/2025, at 3:25:48 p.m. on 02/27/2025, at 3:25:48 p.m. on 02/27/2025; at 3:46:38 p.m. on 02/27/2025; at 3:41:45 p.m. on 02/28/2025; at 3:41:46 p.m. on 02/28/2025; at 2:09:19 p.m. on 03/03/2025, and forward them to file No. 14-19174-0007-CO. Archive this file.
Fernando Castillo V. President Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Document Digitally Signed FILE No. 25-004980-0007-CO Telephones: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2220-4607 / 2220-4844. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Sabana Sur, Calle Morenos, 100 mts.
South of the Perpetuo Socorro church).
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 09-02-2026 17:17:38.
PROCESO: RECURSO DE AMPARO RESOLUCIÓN Nº 2025009536 SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas quince minutos del veintiocho de marzo de dos mil veinticinco .
Recurso de amparo interpuesto por MARCO VINICIO LEVY VIRGO, cédula de identidad 0700690314, contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE TALAMANCA.
Resultando:
Redacta el Magistrado Castillo Víquez; y,
Considerando:
Que dentro del expediente 14-19174-0007-CO esta Sala dictó sentencia N° 2019-12745 del 10 de julio de 2019 mediante la cual: “Por mayoría se declara con lugar la acción, anulando la Ley impugnada, n.° 9223 "Reconocimiento de los derechos de los habitantes del Caribe Sur" únicamente en lo que respecta a los territorios comprendidos en la zona boscosa, conforme lo dispuesto por la Procuraduría General de la República en sus informes. En virtud de lo anterior, se ordena al Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación que proceda, dentro del plazo de doce meses, contado a partir de la publicación íntegra de este pronunciamiento en el Boletín Judicial, a delimitar el área antes mencionada y, en conjunto con la Procuraduría General de la República, ejercer las acciones legales correspondientes en defensa del patrimonio público.”. No obstante, acusa que a la fecha de presentación de este recurso, más de cinco años después de la orden de esa Sala no se ha cumplido por parte de las autoridades municipales aquí recurridas, debido a un evidente interés económico.
Afirma que en este asunto lo que reclama es la inacción del “Alcalde Municipal de Talamanca y la encargada del Departamento Tributario de la Municipalidad de Talamanca, Licenciada Yorleny Menocal Morales en relación a su deber de proceder conforme a los Principios Precautorio, pro Natura, No Regresión en materia ambiental y Principio del uso racional de los recursos, a fin de que exista el necesario equilibrio entre el desarrollo del país y el derecho al ambiente en la protección de bosque correspondiente a la resolución No. 2019-12745 del 10 de julio de 2019, que anuló la Ley No. 9223 “en lo que respecta a los territorios comprendidos en la zona boscosa” (…)”. Que el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo fue declarado Sitio Ramsar en 1995 y constituye una propiedad demanial, que no esta sujeta a ser apropiada por ninguna persona privada. Por lo cual solicita a esta Sala se obligue a las autoridades municipales de talamanca proceder de inmediato con la suspensión de los permisos de construcción indiscriminados enlistados en el oficio 067-FAAP-2024, ubicados en los límites del Refugio Gandoca Manzanillo, hasta tanto no se realice la delimitación del bosque ordenada en la resolución No. 2019-12745 del 10 de julio de 2019, así como la suspensión de los permisos enlistados en el oficio DU-040-02-2025 de 6 de febrero del 2025, referente a 24 fraccionamientos de planos ubicados en bosque del Sitio categoría Ramsar 783, Gandoca Manzanillo.
Además, agrega que el Plan Regulador Costero Talamanca-Distrito Cahuita ha omitido importantes humedales identificados en estudios técnicos previos, lo que ha permitido la concesión y administración de zonas que podrían formar parte del Patrimonio Natural del Estado.
II.SOBRE LO RESUELTO POR ESTA SALA EN EL EXPEDIENTE N° 14-19174-0007-CO, RELACIONADO CON LA SITUACIÓN PLANTEADA POR EL RECURRENTE. Tal y como lo afirma el recurrente esta Sala tramitó a la acción de inconstitucionalidad N° 14-19174-0007-CO interpuesta por el -aquí recurrente- Marco Levi Virgo, a la cual mediante resolución de las once horas y veintitrés minutos del diecisiete de diciembre del dos mil catorce esta Sala dispuso darle curso “para que se declare inconstitucional la LEY NÚMERO 9223 DEL 10 DE MARZO DE 2014”.
Así, sobre el particular y luego del estudio detallado de los autos esta Sala dictó la sentencia número 2019-012745 de las doce horas y diez minutos de diez de julio de dos mil diecinueve, mediante la cual dispuso lo siguiente:
“1) Por mayoría se declara con lugar la acción, anulando la Ley impugnada, n.° 9223 "Reconocimiento de los derechos de los habitantes del Caribe Sur" únicamente en lo que respecta a los territorios comprendidos en la zona boscosa, conforme lo dispuesto por la Procuraduría General de la República en sus informes. En virtud de lo anterior, se ordena al Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación que proceda, dentro del plazo de doce meses, contado a partir de la publicación íntegra de este pronunciamiento en el Boletín Judicial, a delimitar el área antes mencionada y, en conjunto con la Procuraduría General de la República, ejercer las acciones legales correspondientes en defensa del patrimonio público. Esta declaratoria de inconstitucionalidad tendrá efecto declarativo y retroactivo a la fecha de vigencia de la norma, todo sin perjuicio de derechos adquiridos de buena fe.2) El Magistrado Cruz Castro pone nota. 3) Los Magistrados Hernández López, Salazar Alvarado, y Araya García salvan el voto y declaran sin lugar la acción, no obstante indican que el Estado está obligado a ejercer las acciones necesarias para reivindicar las tierras que se encuentren ilegalmente ocupadas en las zonas protegidas conforme lo indica la ley. 4) Reséñese esta sentencia en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta y publíquese íntegramente en el Boletín Judicial.
Notifíquese al accionante, a la Presidenta de la Asamblea Legislativa o a quien ocupe su cargo, a la Procuraduría General de la República y a todos los intervinientes.” Posteriormente y dada la presentación de varios escritos donde -entre otros- el propio señor Marco Levy Virgo reclamó el incumplimiento de la resolución N° 2019-1245 del 10 de julio del 2019 esta Sala emitió la sentencia 2024026300, mediante la cual dispuso lo siguiente:
“(…)
Luego mediante resolución de las doce horas cincuenta y seis minutos del siete de marzo de dos mil veinticinco, esta Sala dispuso una serie de medidas cautelares, a saber:
“(…) De conformidad con lo dispuesto por el párrafo cuarto del artículo 41 de la citada Ley, y conforme al resto de competencias de esta Jurisdicción Constitucional, se podrá dictar cualquier medida cautelar de conservación o seguridad que la prudencia aconseje, para prevenir riesgos materiales o evitar que se produzcan otros daños como consecuencia de los hechos realizados. Así se resuelve que, en el intervalo de tiempo de la delimitación y hasta tanto no llegue a esta Sala el Informe Final de cumplimiento de la sentencia n°2019-12745 de las 12:10 horas del 10 de julio del 2019; mientras esta Sala no disponga otra cosa; y para evitar daños graves e irreparables al ambiente, se DICTAN LAS SIGUIENTES MEDIDAS CAUTELARES: A) Se suspende el otorgamiento de concesiones o permisos nuevos; y se suspende la ejecución de concesiones o permisos ya otorgados, por parte de Municipalidad de Talamanca, sobre las 20,1 has de terrenos clasificados como bosque que se ubican dentro de la zona marítimo terrestre del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo.
Dado que en lo fundamental la parte recurrente alega la presunta desobediencia a lo ordenado por esta Sala dentro del expediente 14-19174-0007-CO anteriormente indicado, ello por parte de las autoridades municipales, y siendo que dentro del mismo ya esta Sala ha ordenado recientemente varias “medidas cautelares” mediante resolución de las doce horas cincuenta y seis minutos del siete de marzo de dos mil veinticinco, a saber que: “A) Se suspende el otorgamiento de concesiones o permisos nuevos; y se suspende la ejecución de concesiones o permisos ya otorgados, por parte de Municipalidad de Talamanca, sobre las 20,1 has de terrenos clasificados como bosque que se ubican dentro de la zona marítimo terrestre del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo. B) Se suspende la directriz 09-2023 del Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía que dispone que los límites oficiales del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo son los establecidos en la Ley N° 9223, Reconocimiento de los derechos de los habitantes del Caribe Sur, vigente desde el 8 de abril 2014.
Dado que claramente el oficio mencionado y suscrito por Angie Cruickshank Lambert en su condición de Defensora de los Habitantes de la República viene dirigido expresamente al expediente 14-019174-0007-CO y no al presente recurso, lo procedente es que el escrito contenido en el registro electrónico de este proceso a las 15:41:45 horas del veintiocho de febrero de dos mil veinticinco se agregue al expediente número 14-19174-0007-CO, para que allí se resuelva lo que en Derecho corresponda.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI
Por tanto:
Desglósense todos los escritos incorporados al expediente digital a las 14:45:10 horas del 20/02/2025, a las 08:44:12 horas del 25/02/2025, a las 14:39:07 horas del 25/02/2025, a las 15:25:48 horas del 27/02/2025, a las 15:25:48 horas, del 27/02/2025; a las 15:46:38 horas, del 27/02/2025; a las 15:41:45 horas, del 28/02/2025; a las 15:41:46 horas, del 28/02/2025; a las 14:09:19 horas del 03/03/2025 y remítanse al expediente No. 14-19174-0007-CO. Archívese este expediente.
Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Paul Rueda L.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
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