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Res. 05544-2024 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 01/03/2024
OutcomeResultado
The Constitutional Chamber denied the amparo action, finding no arbitrariness in AyA's refusal to issue water availability certificates, which was based on legal and material impossibility due to the ASADA's dissolution and the pending regularization of the aqueduct's ownership.La Sala Constitucional declaró sin lugar el recurso de amparo al no encontrar arbitrariedad en la negativa del AyA de otorgar constancias de disponibilidad de agua potable, basada en la imposibilidad jurídica y material por la situación de la ASADA y la pendiente regularización de la propiedad del acueducto.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber denied an amparo action filed by the legal representatives of two corporations who claimed that the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (AyA) arbitrarily refused to issue potable water availability certificates for two properties in Residencial Villaverde, Puntarenas. The refusal was based on the precarious legal status of the rural aqueduct: the Oasis Villaverde ASADA had been dissolved since 2013 and lacked legal authorization to operate. AyA had initiated a merger with the Quebrada Ganado ASADA, contingent on the developer company donating and registering the land and infrastructure. The Chamber found the refusal was not arbitrary, as it stemmed from a genuine legal and material impossibility to guarantee service until the system's ownership was regularized. It reiterated that the right to water is not absolute and that disputes over sub-constitutional regulations must be resolved through ordinary administrative or judicial channels. No fundamental rights violation was found.La Sala Constitucional declaró sin lugar un recurso de amparo interpuesto por los representantes de dos sociedades anónimas que reclamaban la negativa del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) de otorgar constancias de disponibilidad de agua potable para dos propiedades adquiridas en el Residencial Villaverde, Puntarenas. La negativa se fundamentó en la situación legal del acueducto: la ASADA Oasis Villaverde se encontraba en causal de extinción desde 2013 y operaba sin título habilitante. El AyA había iniciado un proceso de fusión con la ASADA de Quebrada Ganado, condicionado a la inscripción de la donación de los terrenos e infraestructura del acueducto, propiedad de una sociedad desarrolladora. La Sala consideró que la negativa no era arbitraria, pues respondía a la imposibilidad jurídica y material de garantizar el servicio mientras no se regularizara la titularidad del sistema. Reiteró que el derecho al agua no es absoluto y que las discrepancias sobre la aplicación de normativa infraconstitucional debían ventilarse en la vía común. No se demostró violación a derechos fundamentales.
Key excerptExtracto clave
IV.- Having weighed the allegations of the appellants and the respondent authorities, as well as the documentary evidence in the record, this Court finds that the challenged actions are not arbitrary or illegitimate. This Constitutional Chamber has held that, while there is a fundamental right to potable water, its exercise is not indiscriminate to the point that there is an obligation on the part of the entities providing the service to provide it under any condition and opportunity. The question of whether the requested service is appropriate is not a matter to be discussed in this jurisdiction, as it is outside its competence, and it should be added that this Court has repeatedly held that technical, legal, or formal impossibility to provide potable water service is not a violation of fundamental rights; and that it is reasonable not to attend service requests when the established requirements are not met. It is evident that a large part of the dispute between the parties relates to the application of sub-constitutional norms to the specific case. Note that, as reported by the respondent authorities, "the registration of the donation of the land and easements necessary for the operation, maintenance and development of the systems by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3-101-14839, in favor of the Quebrada Ganado ASADA is awaited." For the operator of the Oasis and Villaverde system was under a ground for dissolution. IV.- CONCLUSION. Consequently, as no arbitrary act has been demonstrated in the conditions alleged by the appellants, the appropriate action is to deny the appeal in all its respects, as hereby ordered.IV.- Confrontados los alegatos de las partes recurrentes y de las autoridades recurridas, así como de la prueba documental aportada a los autos, este Tribunal estima que las actuaciones impugnadas no resultan arbitrarias o ilegítimas. Esta Sala Constitucional ha considerado que, si bien existe un derecho fundamental al agua potable, su ejercicio no es indiscriminado al punto de que exista una obligación de los entes que prestan ese servicio de brindarlo en cualquier condición y oportunidad. La procedencia o no del servicio solicitado no es un asunto que deba discutirse en esta Jurisdicción, ya que es ajeno al ámbito de su competencia, y cabe agregar que ya en reiteradas ocasiones este Tribunal ha sostenido que la imposibilidad técnica, jurídica o formal para dotar el servicio de agua potable no es violatoria de derechos fundamentales; y que resulta razonable no atender las solicitudes de servicio cuando no se cumplen los requisitos establecidos al efecto. Resulta evidente que gran parte de la disputa entre las partes se relaciona con la aplicación de normas infraconstitucionales al caso concreto. Obsérvese que según informan las autoridades recurridas “se está a la espera de la inscripción de la donación de los terrenos y servidumbres necesarios para la operación, mantenimiento y desarrollo de los sistemas por parte de la sociedad Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, cédula jurídica No. 3 –101–14839, a favor de la ASADA Quebrada Ganado.” Pues el operador del sistema de Oasis y Villaverde se encontraba en una causal de extinción. IV.- CONCLUSIÓN. En consecuencia, al no tenerse por demostrado ningún acto arbitrario en las condiciones que acusan las recurrentes, lo que procede es declarar sin lugar el recurso en todos sus extremos, como en efecto se dispone.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Esta Sala Constitucional ha considerado que, si bien existe un derecho fundamental al agua potable, su ejercicio no es indiscriminado al punto de que exista una obligación de los entes que prestan ese servicio de brindarlo en cualquier condición y oportunidad."
"This Constitutional Chamber has held that, while there is a fundamental right to potable water, its exercise is not indiscriminate to the point that there is an obligation on the part of the entities providing the service to provide it under any condition and opportunity."
Considerando IV
"Esta Sala Constitucional ha considerado que, si bien existe un derecho fundamental al agua potable, su ejercicio no es indiscriminado al punto de que exista una obligación de los entes que prestan ese servicio de brindarlo en cualquier condición y oportunidad."
Considerando IV
"la imposibilidad técnica, jurídica o formal para dotar el servicio de agua potable no es violatoria de derechos fundamentales; y que resulta razonable no atender las solicitudes de servicio cuando no se cumplen los requisitos establecidos al efecto."
"technical, legal, or formal impossibility to provide potable water service is not a violation of fundamental rights; and that it is reasonable not to attend service requests when the established requirements are not met."
Considerando IV
"la imposibilidad técnica, jurídica o formal para dotar el servicio de agua potable no es violatoria de derechos fundamentales; y que resulta razonable no atender las solicitudes de servicio cuando no se cumplen los requisitos establecidos al efecto."
Considerando IV
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Date of Resolution: 01 March 2024 at 09:20 Type of matter: Amparo remedy Ruling with protected data, in accordance with current regulations CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours twenty minutes on the first of March two thousand twenty-four.
An amparo remedy being processed in expediente No. 24-002040-0007-CO, filed by [Name 001], identification card [Value 001] and [Name 002], identification card [Value 002], against the COSTA RICAN INSTITUTE OF AQUEDUCTS AND SEWERS.
Whereas:
That the ASADA of Oasis and Villaverde or its Board of Directors continue operating the system and exercising functions, given that, as has been previously indicated, this organization is subject to a cause for extinction in accordance with the provisions of Article 13(d) of 218, the Law of Associations. In this regard, Mr. Jorge Ramírez Rodríguez, Head of the ORAC Pacífico Central, in official communication No. GSD-UEN-GAR-GAR-2024-00605, states: “The assertion that the ASADA of Oasis and Villaverde or its Board of Directors continues in functions is rejected, as the entity with the authority to do so, the Dirección de Persona Jurídica, has already ruled on its cause for extinction. The persons in charge of the operation and maintenance of that system, since the ASADA with identification number 3-002-440230 entered a cause for extinction, have been the developer and the administrators of the Condominium, as it is their responsibility as managers of the urban development project, until the transfer of the system to the designated legalized operating entity is completed.
The foregoing considering that, as this ORAC was able to verify by consulting the Registro Público, the extinct ASADA Oasis and Villaverde does not have real property registered in its name. The properties where the aqueduct system infrastructure is located, as stated, are private property registered in the name of Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal entity identification number three hundred one- one hundred fourteen thousand eight hundred thirty-nine, whose president with powers of Apoderado Generalísimo without limit of sum and judicial and extrajudicial representation is Enrique Fernández Gálvez with Costa Rican residence identification number one seven two four zero zero zero nine eight six two four. Mr. Fernández Gálvez committed to donating the properties required for the use of the aqueduct. Considering that the tank and well located on the property of Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima are the only well and tank supplying the users of Oasis and Villaverde, it is reiterated that the registration of these properties in the name of the legalized operating entity that will operate the system and the formalization of the transfer are indispensable, in order to guarantee the aqueduct service.
However, this property transfer process has not yet been completed and delays the execution of the merger. (See Anexo 13).” (bold and underline are ours) NINTH: IT IS NOT TRUE. That the service availability certificates are issued negatively due to the quality and quantity of the water resource, but rather, there is currently no technical feasibility from a legal standpoint, because the registration of the donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima in favor of the ASADA Quebrada Ganado remains pending. On this point, official Jorge Ramírez Rodríguez, in official communication No. GSD-UEN-GAR-2024-00605, states: “The assertion made based on official communication GSD UEN GAR 2020 02429 is rejected as inaccurate, as it implies that availability must be granted because there is quality and quantity of water, without considering that feasibility in a sustainable aqueduct system entails much more than just those two aspects, as already stated, with the registration of the properties being an indispensable aspect, as previously mentioned.
And the writing omits to indicate that official communication GSD UEN GAR 2020 02429 also states: ‘The system in its current state may be transferred to the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado. The following improvements to the system are required: 1. Donation of well lots and storage tank in the name of the Asada of Quebrada Ganado. 2. Cyclopean perimeter enclosure for the storage tank lot and the well. 3. The storage tank requires waterproofing of the concrete walls with an impermeable paint seal. 4. Installation of water meters for the entire subscriber system. 5. In the case of Villa Verde, a master meter must be installed to quantify consumer demand. 6. Donation of easement (servidumbre), if any, in the name of the asada of Quebrada Ganado.’ Therefore, since 2020, the requirements for Oasis and Villaverde to be taken over by Quebrada Ganado were clearly defined by the engineer of the ORAC RPC.
(See anexo 10)” We must reiterate that the deed of donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) necessary for the operation, maintenance, and development of the systems, by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3 – 101 – 114839, in favor of the ASADA Quebrada Ganado remains pending registration. Once the donation is completed, the process of reception of works and merger of the Oasis and Villaverde systems with the system operated by the association of Quebrada Ganado may continue. TENTH: IT IS NOT TRUE. The service availability certificates are not rejected due to issues of quality or quantity of the water resource, but rather because the registration of the deed of donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) in favor of the ASADA Quebrada Ganado by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3 – 101 – 114839, remains pending, as a prerequisite to continuing with the merger process.
Regarding this, Mr. Jorge Ramírez Rodríguez in official communication No. GSD-UEN-GAR-2024-00605, affirms: It is rejected as inaccurate. In none of its communications has AyA affirmed that the non-issuance of positive availability certificates in the Oasis and Villaverde aqueduct system is due to reasons of “water quality or quantity.” As indicated in preceding paragraphs, the Reglamento de Prestación de servicios a los clientes del AyA indicates in Article 7, subsection 12, that the technical feasibility for granting services implies verification of the real and current existence of sufficient water, hydraulic, material, technical, legal, and environmental resources to grant availability and eventual connection of the service. Official communication GSD UEN GAR 2020-02429 details the requirements, and official communication GSD-UEN-GAR-2022-02812 ratifies those requirements and clearly indicates that “the service availability certificates requested from our office by interested parties will not be issued until the previously required improvements are met.” Resolutions SG GSD 2023 01655 and SG GSD 2023 01657, by which the availability requests are addressed, are based on technical criterion No. GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-02326, carried out in accordance with Articles 7.12, 8, 9, 14, and 36 of the Reglamento de Prestación de Servicios de AyA, in concordance with Articles 44, 45, and 46 of the Reglamento de ASADAS.
Requirements 1. Waterproofing of the tank and 3. Registration of lands in the Registro Público, in favor of the legalized operator that takes over the system, are the same as those indicated in previous official communications since 2020, and 2. Expansion of the pumping test report per GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-01774, is a requirement that originated from a criterion requested from the engineering department of the ORAC RPC by the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado and addressed in official communication GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-01179. Additionally, in the resolutions responding to the requests for availability certificates, applicants are informed that: “In the event that compliance with the three preceding actions is not demonstrated by the responsible party (GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-01791 of June 5, 2023), the interested party may apply the provisions of Article 44, subsection d. of the Reglamento de las Asociaciones Administradoras de Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Comunales,” which enables the option for interested parties to assume the costs and execution of the requirements pending fulfillment so that positive availability of aqueduct service is granted.
(See Anexos 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18)” (the highlighting does not correspond to the original) ELEVENTH: IT IS NOT TRUE. That the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3 – 101 – 114839, has fulfilled all its commitments. In this regard, Mr. Jorge Ramírez Rodríguez, ORAC Pacífico Central, in official communication No. GSD-UEN-GAR-2024-00605, indicates: “Rejected. To date, the properties where the Oasis and Villaverde aqueduct system infrastructure is located (well, tank, and pipes) are not registered in the name of the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado. This procedure is a commitment and responsibility of Enrique Fernández Gálvez. AyA is aware that the documents were signed by the representative of the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado and Enrique Fernández representing Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, and the deeds were presented before the Registro Nacional on October 25, 2023, under Tomo 2023, Asiento 713336, but the Registro Nacional indicated that ‘The document is defective and is pending transfer to the archive.’ This situation persists according to a free consultation of the Registro’s website on February 15, 2024.
It is reiterated that the registration of these properties in favor of the legalized entity that will take over the Oasis and Villaverde system is indispensable. In official communication PRE-J 2023 04604, the Dirección Jurídica of AyA states: ‘the presentation of a document in the Registro Público entails the registry publicity of the deed, enforceable against third parties; however, for these purposes, registry publicity of the registration of the transfer in favor of the ASADA is also required. On the other hand, according to a study conducted on the Registro Nacional website, tomo No. 2023, Asiento No. 713336, indicated by you, the document as of November 22, 2023, is still defective, and therefore the act of transfer by donation in favor of the ASADA has not been perfected.’ (see anexo 19)” (highlighting is ours) TWELFTH: IT IS NOT TRUE. That AyA is obstructing the merger process to avoid continuing to provide services in the community, given that the operator designated to take over the system is the ASADA Quebrada Ganado, once the registration of the lands and easements (servidumbres) in its favor is completed.
Regarding “donation,” the Diccionario Jurídico Elemental by Guillermo Cabanellas de Torres states: “Donación. In general, gift, donation, present, liberality… ONEROSA. One that imposes on the donee some charge, encumbrance, or service inferior to the value or utility obtained from the donated item; otherwise, if what is received corresponds to what is given, we would be dealing with one of the commutative contracts or an innominate contract of do ut des or do ut facias…” Mr. Jorge Ramírez Rodríguez, ORAC Pacífico Central, by means of official communication No. GSD-UENGAR-2023-00605, affirms: “Rejected. This assertion is unfounded, as it has been demonstrated that each of AyA’s actions has been duly based on technical and legal criteria and have been communicated. Furthermore, AyA has demonstrated diligence in following up on the process of legalization, through merger, of the operating entity of the Oasis and Villaverde aqueduct system.
The actions that have caused slow progress in the process are beyond AyA’s control, as they correspond to commitments of the developer, with the correction of the defects noted by the Registro Nacional and the completion of the act of transfer by donation in favor of the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado still pending on his part. The last technical criterion, which remains in effect to date, is that of official communication No. GSD-UENGAR-2023-03703 of October 10, 2023, which states that, based on official communications GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-01564, GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-01569, GSD-UEN-GAR-2023-03114 and their respective technical visits, it is concluded that fulfillment of the following is pending: 1. Registration of the lands for the well, tank, and pipeline easement (servidumbre) in the Registro Público, in favor of the legalized operator taking over the system.” (See anexo 23) Based on said technical criterion and what is indicated in PRE-J 2023 04604, the condition of not granting service availability in the Oasis and Villaverde aqueduct system is maintained until the properties where the aqueduct infrastructure is located are registered in favor of the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado.
We see, then, that it has not been due to actions or omissions of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados that the merger process of the ASADA Oasis and Villaverde into the ASADA Quebrada Ganado has not been completed, but rather due to delays by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3 – 101 – 114839, in registering the donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) necessary for the operation, maintenance, and development of the systems, given that since October 2023, said company has been aware that the donation deed was returned by the Registro Nacional with defects, and we are unaware of the reasons why they have not been corrected … ”. They request that the appeal be declared without merit.
Drafted by Magistrate Hess Herrera; and,
Considering:
The appellants state that they are the legal representatives of the corporations ([Nombre 004]), legal ID [Valor 003] and ([Nombre 005])., legal ID [Valor 004], respectively. They explain that in 2022, they acquired two properties in Residencial Villaverde, located in district 2 Tárcoles, canton 11 Garabito, Province 6 Puntarenas, approximately 500 meters south of the locality of Quebrada Ganado, adjacent to the entrance of Club Punta Leona. They emphasize that during the purchase process, ICAA provided the sellers of the respective properties with water letters dated March 22, SG-GSD 2022 00440, corresponding to plan 1290050-2008, and SG-GSD 2022 00441, corresponding to plan 1289562-2008, where it is indicated that "there is drinking water availability in front of the property.” They add that in 2023, they began the corresponding procedures to build on the previously identified site, but ICAA warned them that they had to reapply for the water letter to start the intended construction because the previous ones had already expired.
However, when they made the second request, it was denied; and they learned of the administrative process between the Asada of the Residential Complex, known as Oasis Villaverde, and ICAA. In this regard, they point out that on October 31, 2013, the Asada Oasis Villaverde fell under the scenario described in Article 13(d) of the Law of Associations, that is, “cause for extinction” because the full appointment of its board of directors expired.
Of importance for the decision of this matter, the following facts are deemed duly proven:
In the sub examine case, they argue that the appellants state that they are the legal representatives of the corporations ([Nombre 004]), legal ID [Valor 003] and ([Nombre 005])., legal ID [Valor 004], respectively. They explain that in 2022, they acquired two properties in Residencial Villaverde, located in district 2 Tárcoles, canton 11 Garabito, Province 6 Puntarenas, approximately 500 meters south of the locality of Quebrada Ganado, adjacent to the entrance of Club Punta Leona. They emphasize that during the purchase process, ICAA provided the sellers of the respective properties with water letters dated March 22, SG-GSD 2022 00440, corresponding to plan 1290050-2008, and SG-GSD 2022 00441, corresponding to plan 1289562-2008, where it is indicated that "there is drinking water availability in front of the property.” They add that in 2023, they began the corresponding procedures to build on the previously identified site, but ICAA warned them that they had to reapply for the water letter to start the intended construction because the previous ones had already expired.
However, when they made the second request, it was denied; and they learned of the administrative process between the Asada of the Residential Complex, known as Oasis Villaverde, and ICAA. In this regard, they point out that on October 31, 2013, the Asada Oasis Villaverde fell under the scenario described in Article 13(d) of the Law of Associations, that is, “cause for extinction” because the full appointment of its board of directors expired.
In the case under study, it was proven that the appellants are indeed the legal representatives of the corporations ([Nombre 004]), legal ID [Valor 003] and ([Nombre 005])., legal ID [Valor 004], respectively. It is confirmed that in the year 2022, they acquired two properties in Residencial Villaverde, located in district 2 Tárcoles, canton 11 Garabito, Province 6 Puntarenas, approximately 500 meters south of the locality of Quebrada Ganado, adjacent to the entrance of Club Punta Leona. It is verified that ICAA provided the respective service availability certificates dated March 22, 2022. SG-GSD 2022 00440 corresponding to plan 1290050-2008 and SG-GSD 2022 00441 to plan 1289562-2008. Both service availability certificates were based on the technical report contained in official communication No. GSD UEN-GAR-2022-01068, as Engineer José Marcial Tinoco Gutiérrez only assessed the water and hydraulic resources for technical feasibility.
The lands where the infrastructure (well, tank, and pipes) of the rural aqueduct system -ASADA Oasis and Villaverde- is located, which allows providing and guaranteeing the provision of aqueduct services to the users of the locality, is on private property and does not yet belong to the operator that will take over this aqueduct, so the verification of the legal and material aspects required by the Reglamento de Prestación de Servicios a los clientes del AyA is not available, since the property in question corresponds to the estate registered in the Registro Público de la Propiedad Inmobiliaria, of the Partido de Puntarenas, under the registration Folio Real Matrícula Número seventy-eight thousand eight hundred two-zero-zero-zero, whose owner is Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal entity identification number three hundred one- one hundred fourteen thousand eight hundred thirty-nine, and the president -Enrique Fernández Gálvez- appears as apoderado generalísimo without limit of sum and with judicial and extrajudicial representation of said company.
On the other hand, it is confirmed that the Oficina Regional de Acueductos Comunales of the Región Pacífico Central of AyA (ORAC RPC) informed the appellants that they had to resubmit the applications for availability certificates, since the issued certificates SG-GSD 2022 00440 and SG-GSD 2022 00441, both dated March 22, 2022, had exceeded their validity period (12 months) and did not authorize construction, the foregoing being known to the interested parties. In said official communications, it reads: “This document does not mean approval to build infrastructure works or segregations without the plans having been approved by AyA. Nor does it mean an authorization for interconnection or approval of new services; for these, they must comply with the requirements and procedures established in AyA regulations, as well as those of other competent institutions. Furthermore, it does not imply the obligation of the Municipality to approve these projects…”.
“.. This document has a validity of 12 months for single-family housing as stipulated in Article 37 of the Reglamento de Prestación de Servicios de AyA.”. Likewise, it is proven that the operator of the Oasis and Villaverde aqueduct system is an ASADA with a cause for extinction, an unlicensed operator without an enabling title to provide the aqueduct service. Furthermore, it is corroborated that the appellants were aware of the situation of the operator of the Oasis and Villaverde system. This is evident from the availability certificates SG-GSD 2022 00440 and SG-GSD 2022 00441, which indicate: “This certificate is issued because there is an operator at the site that does not have a delegation agreement with AyA and, therefore, does not possess a legal enabling title for the provision of drinking water service.”. In addition to this, the last registered president of the ASADA Oasis and Villaverde was Mr.
Enrique Fernández Gálvez, for which reason the request for transfer of the system operated by the ASADA Oasis-Villaverde to the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado, dated February 18, 2020, was signed by Mr. Enrique Fernández Gálvez as president of the ASADA Oasis and Villaverde. It is confirmed that in July 2019, the ORAC RPC issued a negative opinion recommending that the new ASADA not be formed, based on agreement AN 2014-586 of the Board of Directors of AyA (which establishes that the existence of a legalized operating entity within a 2-kilometer radius capable of taking over the aqueduct for which a new ASADA is intended to be formed must be assessed), and this same official communication recommended that Oasis and Villaverde be taken over by the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado. In turn, by means of official communication GSD-UEN-GAR-2020-02429 of June 10, 2020, Engineer Marcial Tinoco informed the representatives of Oasis and Villa Verde that for the system to be transferred to the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado, the following improvements are required: “1.
Donation of well lots and storage tank in the name of the Asada de Quebrada Ganado. 2. Cyclopean perimeter enclosure (Cerramiento Perimetral Ciclopio) of the storage tank lot and the well. 3. On the storage tank, waterproofing of the concrete walls must be carried out using a waterproof paint seal. 4. Installation of water meters (hidrómetros) for the entire subscriber system. 5. In the case of Villa Verde, a master meter (macromedidor) must be installed to quantify consumption demand. 6. Donation of easement (servidumbre), if it exists, in the name of the Asada de Quebrada Ganado.” It is also verified that in the second half of 2020, the owner of the lands where the tank and well are located communicated that they had initiated the procedures for the segregation of the properties; but that they did not have the financial resources to make the requested improvements. For its part, the ASADA of Quebrada Ganado maintained its position of taking over the Oasis and Villaverde system, without covering the costs of the required improvements.
In addition, through official letter No. GSD-UEN-GAR-2020-03988 of September 23, 2020, the ORAC RPC requested the Subgerencia de Sistemas Comunales of AyA to define the appropriate course of action for this case, in which, given social and legal viability and information on infrastructure requirements, there are no economic resources to execute the necessary improvements and complete the merger or integration procedure; however, they are awaiting the registration of the donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) necessary for the operation, maintenance, and development of the systems by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3–101–14839, in favor of ASADA Quebrada Ganado. Once the donation is completed, the process of receiving the works and the merger of the systems can continue. For its part, through official letter PRE-J 2023 04604 of the year 2023, the Dirección Jurídica of AyA stated: “the presentation of a document in the Public Registry entails the registry publicity of the deed, which is enforceable against third parties; however, for these purposes, registry publicity of the registration of the transfer in favor of the ASADA is also required.
Moreover, according to a study conducted on the website of the National Registry, volume No. 2023, Entry No. 713336, as indicated by you, the document, as of November 22, 2023, is still defective, and therefore the act of transfer by donation in favor of the ASADA has not been perfected.”
IV.Upon comparing the arguments of the recurring parties and the respondent authorities, as well as the documentary evidence provided to the case file, this Court deems that the challenged actions are not arbitrary or illegitimate. This Constitutional Chamber has considered that, even though there is a fundamental right to drinking water, its exercise is not indiscriminate to the point that there is an obligation on the entities providing that service to deliver it under any condition and at any time. The granting or denial of the requested service is not a matter to be discussed in this Jurisdiction, as it falls outside the scope of its competence, and it is worth adding that this Court has repeatedly held that technical, legal, or formal impossibility to provide drinking water service does not violate fundamental rights; and that it is reasonable not to attend to service requests when the established requirements to that effect are not met.
In these cases, it has been clear that this is not a denial of access to drinking water service, but rather an impossibility to provide it or the necessary participation of the interested party in overcoming a technical impossibility. In other words, provided that the lack of provision of drinking water service is not a capricious, arbitrary, or unfounded action, but is justified by a legal or material impossibility, a violation of fundamental rights is ruled out (in a similar sense, see rulings numbers 2006-014218, 2007-11190, 2010-001516, and 2017-6701).
It is evident that a large part of the dispute between the parties relates to the application of sub-constitutional norms to the specific case. It should be noted that, according to what the respondent authorities report, "they are awaiting the registration of the donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) necessary for the operation, maintenance, and development of the systems by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3 –101–14839, in favor of the ASADA Quebrada Ganado.” For the operator of the Oasis and Villaverde system was under a cause for termination. See even that, within the information reported by the authorities representing the respondent entity, it is mentioned: “… The service availability certificates (constancias de disponibilidad de servicios) are not rejected due to issues of quality or quantity of the water resource, but rather because the registration of the deed of donation of the lands and easements (servidumbres) in favor of the ASADA Quebrada Ganado by the company Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, legal ID No. 3–10 –114839, is pending, as a prerequisite to continue with the merger process …”.
Likewise, it is indicated that: “… the Reglamento de Prestación de Servicios a los Clientes del AyA indicates in Article 7, subsection 12 that the technical feasibility (factibilidad técnica) for the granting of services implies verification of the real and current existence of the water, hydraulic, material, technical, legal, and environmental resources sufficient to grant the availability and eventual connection of the service. In official letter GSD UEN GAR 2020- 02429, the requirements are detailed, and in official letter GSD-UEN-GAR-2022-02812, those requirements are ratified, and it is clearly indicated that “the service availability certificates requested from our office by interested parties will not be issued until the required improvements are met …”. In turn, the recurring parties argue in their filing brief, as part of their arguments, the following: “… on October 31, 2013, the Asada Oasis Villaverde fell under the assumption described in Article 13, subsection d), of the Ley de Asociaciones, that is, a “cause for termination” because the full appointment of its board of directors expired …”.
Furthermore, it is noted that the request for water availability was made by the recurring parties, who are the legal representatives of the companies ([Name 004]) and ([Name 005]), respectively, who in the year 2022 acquired two properties in Residencial Villaverde; therefore, the case under study does not fall within the exceptions established by this jurisdiction regarding swift and complete justice. In relation to the arguments and claims presented, it is necessary to warn that whether the required requirements are met, or whether the request conforms to the current legal regulations, is a task proper to ordinary, administrative, or jurisdictional channels. Therefore, the recurring parties must raise their disagreements or claims before the respondent authority or through the competent jurisdictional channels, forums in which they may broadly discuss the merits of the case and assert their claims.
By virtue of the foregoing, it is considered that the challenged events have not resulted in violations of constitutional norms or principles to the detriment of the plaintiffs, and therefore the appeal must be dismissed, as is hereby ordered.
Consequently, as no arbitrary act has been demonstrated in the conditions alleged by the recurring parties, it is proper to declare the appeal without merit in all its aspects, as is hereby resolved.
The parties are warned that if they have submitted any paper document, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic device or one produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn from the office within a maximum period of 30 working days counted from the notification of this ruling. Otherwise, all material not withdrawn within this period will be destroyed, in accordance with the provisions of the "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", approved by the Corte Plena in session N° 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in the Boletín Judicial number 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as in the agreement approved by the Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, in session N° 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
Por tanto:
The appeal is declared without merit.- Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Ana María Picado B.
Alejandro Delgado F.
Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del uno de marzo de dos mil veinticuatro .
Recurso de amparo que se tramita en el expediente No. 24-002040-0007-CO, interpuesto por [Nombre 001], cédula de identidad [Valor 001] y [Nombre 002], cédula de identidad [Valor 002], contra el INSTITUTO COSTARRICENSE DE ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS.
Resultando:
Redacta la Magistrada Hess Herrera; y,
Considerando:
Las recurrentes manifiestan que son representantes legales de las sociedades anónimas ([Nombre 004]), cédula jurídica [Valor 003] y ([Nombre 005])., cédula jurídica [Valor 004] respectivamente. Explican que en 2022 adquirieron dos propiedades en el Residencial Villaverde, ubicado en el distrito 2 Tárcoles, del cantón 11 Garabito de la Provincia 6 Puntarenas, aproximadamente a 500 mts sur de la localidad de Quebrada Ganado, contiguo a la entrada del Club Punta Leona. Destacan que durante el proceso de compra, ICAA suministró a los vendedores de las respectivas propiedades las cartas de agua fechadas 22 de marzo, la SG-GSD 2022 00440, correspondientes al plano 1290050-2008 y SG-GSD 2022 00441, al plano 1289562-2008, donde se indica que "si hay disponibilidad de agua potable frente a la propiedad”. Añaden que en el 2023, iniciaron la tramitología correspondiente para construir en el lugar previamente identificado, pero, el ICAA les advirtió que debían volver a solicitar la carta de agua para iniciar la pretendida construcción, porque las anteriores ya estaban vencidas.
Sin embargo, cuando hicieron la segunda solicitud, se les denegó; y se enteraron del trámite administrativo entre la Asada del Residencial, conocida como Oasis Villaverde y el ICAA. Al respecto, señalan que el 31 de octubre 2013, la Asada Oasis Villaverde cayó en el supuesto descrito en el artículo 13 inciso d), de la Ley de Asociaciones, sea "causal de extinción" debido a que el nombramiento íntegro de su junta directiva venció.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos:
En el sub examine, aducen que las recurrentes manifiestan que son representantes legales de las sociedades anónimas ([Nombre 004]), cédula jurídica [Valor 003] y ([Nombre 005])., cédula jurídica [Valor 004] respectivamente. Explican que en 2022 adquirieron dos propiedades en el Residencial Villaverde, ubicado en el distrito 2 Tárcoles, del cantón 11 Garabito de la Provincia 6 Puntarenas, aproximadamente a 500 mts sur de la localidad de Quebrada Ganado, contiguo a la entrada del Club Punta Leona. Destacan que durante el proceso de compra, ICAA suministró a los vendedores de las respectivas propiedades las cartas de agua fechadas 22 de marzo, la SG-GSD 2022 00440, correspondiente al plano 1290050-2008 y SG-GSD 2022 00441, al plano 1289562-2008, donde se indica que "si hay disponibilidad de agua potable frente a la propiedad”. Añaden que en el 2023, iniciaron la tramitología correspondiente para construir en el lugar previamente identificado, pero, el ICAA les advirtió que debían volver a solicitar la carta de agua para iniciar la pretendida construcción, porque las anteriores ya estaban vencidas.
Sin embargo, cuando hicieron la segunda solicitud, se les denegó; y se enteraron del trámite administrativo entre la Asada del Residencial, conocida como Oasis Villaverde y el ICAA. Al respecto, señalan que el 31 de octubre 2013, la Asada Oasis Villaverde recayó en el supuesto descrito en el artículo 13 inciso d), de la Ley de Asociaciones, sea "causal de extinción" debido a que el nombramiento íntegro de su junta directiva venció.
En el caso bajo estudio, se tuvo por demostrado que las recurrentes efectivamente son representantes legales de las sociedades anónimas ([Nombre 004]), cédula jurídica [Valor 003] y ([Nombre 005])., cédula jurídica [Valor 004] respectivamente. Se constata que en el año 2022 adquirieron dos propiedades en el Residencial Villaverde, ubicado en el distrito 2 Tárcoles, del cantón 11 Garabito de la Provincia 6 Puntarenas, aproximadamente a 500 mts sur de la localidad de Quebrada Ganado, contiguo a la entrada del Club Punta Leona. Se verifica que el ICAA suministró las respectivas constancias de disponibilidad de servicios fechadas 22 de marzo de 2022. La SG-GSD 2022 00440 correspondiente al plano 1290050-2008 y SG-GSD 2022 00441, al plano 1289562-2008. Ambas constancias de disponibilidad de servicios se basaron en el informe técnico que consta en el oficio No. GSD UEN-GAR-2022-01068, pues el Ing. José Marcial Tinoco Gutiérrez sólo valoró los recursos hídricos e hidráulicos para la factibilidad técnica.
Los terrenos donde se ubica la infraestructura (pozo, tanque y tuberías) del sistema del acueducto rural -ASADA Oasis y Villaverde- que permite dotar y garantizar la prestación de servicios de acueducto a los usuarios de la localidad se encuentra en propiedad privada y no pertenece aún al operador que asumirá este acueducto, por lo que no se cuenta con la verificación de los aspectos legales y materiales que solicita el Reglamento de Prestación de Servicios a los clientes del AyA, pues la propiedad en cuestión corresponde a la finca inscrita en el Registro Público de la Propiedad Inmobiliaria, del Partido de Puntarenas, bajo la matrícula Folio Real Matrícula Número setenta y ocho mil ochocientos dos-cero cero cero, cuyo propietario es Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, cédula de persona jurídica número tres-ciento uno- ciento catorce mil ochocientos treinta y nueve, y el presidente -Enrique Fernández Gálvez- se muestra como apoderado generalísimo sin límite de suma y con la representación judicial y extrajudicial de dicha empresa.
Por otra parte, se constata que la Oficina Regional de Acueductos Comunales de la Región Pacífico Central del AyA (ORAC RPC) indicó a las recurrentes que debían volver a tramitar las solicitudes de constancias de disponibilidad, pues las constancias emitidas SG-GSD 2022 00440 y SG-GSD 2022 00441, ambas de fecha 22 de marzo de 2022 habían sobrepasado su vigencia (12 meses) y no autorizaban la construcción, lo anterior era de conocimiento de las interesadas. En dichos oficios se lee: “Este documento no significa aprobación para construir obras de infraestructura, ni segregaciones sin haberse aprobado los planos por AyA. Tampoco significa una autorización de interconexión ni aprobación de nuevos servicios, para ellos deben cumplir con los requisitos y procedimientos previstos en la normativa del AyA, como de las demás instituciones competentes. Además, no implica la obligatoriedad de la Municipalidad para aprobar estos proyectos…”.
“.. Este documento tiene una vigencia de 12 meses para vivienda unifamiliar conforme lo estipula el artículo 37 del Reglamento de Prestación de Servicios de AyA.”. Asimismo, se comprueba que el operador del sistema de acueducto de Oasis y Villaverde es una ASADA con causal de extinción, un operador no legalizado y sin título habilitante para prestar el servicio de acueducto. Además, se corrobora que las recurrentes conocían la situación del operador del sistema de Oasis y Villaverde. Así se desprende de las constancias de disponibilidad SG-GSD 2022 00440 y SG-GSD 2022 00441, las cuales indican: “Se procede a emitir esta constancia debido a que en el lugar existe un operador que no cuenta con convenio de delegación con AyA y por ende, no posee título legal habilitante para la prestación del servicio de agua potable.”. Aunado a ello, el último presidente inscrito de la ASADA Oasis y Villaverde fue el señor Enrique Fernández Gálvez, por lo que la solicitud de traspaso del sistema que operaba la ASADA Oasis-Villaverde a la ASADA de Quebrada Ganado de fecha 18 de febrero de 2020 fue firmada por el señor Enrique Fernández Gálvez como presidente de la ASADA Oasis y Villaverde.
Se constata que en julio de 2019, la ORAC RPC emitió un criterio negativo recomendando que no se constituyera la nueva ASADA con base en el acuerdo AN 2014-586 de la Junta Directiva del AyA (establece que debe valorarse la existencia de un ente operador legalizado en un radio de 2 kilómetros que pueda asumir el acueducto para el que se intenta constituir una nueva ASADA), y en este mismo oficio se recomendó que Oasis y Villaverde sea asumido por la ASADA de Quebrada Ganado. A su vez, mediante oficio GSD-UEN-GAR-2020-02429 del 10 de junio de 2020, el Ing. Marcial Tinoco comunicó a los representantes de Oasis y Villa Verde que para que el sistema pueda ser traspasado a la ASADA de Quebrada Ganado, se requieren las siguientes mejoras: “1. Donación lotes de pozos y tanque almacenamiento a nombre de la Asada de Quebrada Ganado. 2. Cerramiento Perimetral Ciclopio lote del tanque almacenamiento y del pozo. 3.
Sobre el tanque de almacenamiento se deberá realizar una impermeabilización de las paredes del concreto y con sello pintura impermeable. 4. Colocación de hidrómetros a todo el sistema de abonados. 5. Sobre el caso de Villa Verde se deberá colocar un macromedidor que cuantifique la demanda de consumo. 6. Donación de servidumbre si existiera a nombre de la asada de Quebrada Ganado.”. Asimismo se constata que en el segundo semestre del 2020, el propietario de los terrenos donde se encuentran el tanque y pozo comunicó que había iniciado los trámites para la segregación de los inmuebles; pero que no tenía recursos financieros para realizar las mejoras solicitadas. Por su parte, la ASADA de Quebrada Ganado mantuvo su posición de asumir el sistema de Oasis y Villaverde, sin cubrir los costos de mejoras que se requieran. Además, mediante el oficio No. GSD-UEN-GAR-2020-03988 del 23 de setiembre de 2020, la ORAC RPC solicitó a la Subgerencia de Sistemas Comunales del AyA definir lo que corresponde para este caso en el que habiendo viabilidad social y legal e información de los requerimientos de infraestructura, no existen recursos económicos para ejecutar las mejoras necesarias y completar el procedimiento de fusión o integración; sin embargo, se está a la espera de la inscripción de la donación de los terrenos y servidumbres necesarios para la operación, mantenimiento y desarrollo de los sistemas por parte de la sociedad Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, cédula jurídica No. 3–101–14839, a favor de la ASADA Quebrada Ganado.
Una vez concretada la donación, se podrá continuar con el proceso de recepción de obras y la fusión de los sistemas. Por su parte, a través del oficio PRE-J 2023 04604 del año 2023, la Dirección Jurídica del AyA señaló: “la presentación de un documento en el Registro Público conlleva la publicidad registral de la escritura oponible para terceros, sin embargo, para los efectos se requiere, además, publicidad registral de la inscripción del traspaso a favor de la ASADA. Por otra parte, según estudio realizado en la página del Registro Nacional, tomo No. 2023, Asiento No. 713336, indicado por su persona, el documento al día 22 de noviembre del 2023, aún se encuentra defectuoso, por lo que no se ha perfeccionado el acto de traspaso por donación a favor de la ASADA.”.
IV.Confrontados los alegatos de las partes recurrentes y de las autoridades recurridas, así como de la prueba documental aportada a los autos, este Tribunal estima que las actuaciones impugnadas no resultan arbitrarias o ilegítimas. Esta Sala Constitucional ha considerado que, si bien existe un derecho fundamental al agua potable, su ejercicio no es indiscriminado al punto de que exista una obligación de los entes que prestan ese servicio de brindarlo en cualquier condición y oportunidad. La procedencia o no del servicio solicitado no es un asunto que deba discutirse en esta Jurisdicción, ya que es ajeno al ámbito de su competencia, y cabe agregar que ya en reiteradas ocasiones este Tribunal ha sostenido que la imposibilidad técnica, jurídica o formal para dotar el servicio de agua potable no es violatoria de derechos fundamentales; y que resulta razonable no atender las solicitudes de servicio cuando no se cumplen los requisitos establecidos al efecto.
En estos casos se ha tenido claro que no es que se trate de una negativa de acceso al servicio de agua potable, sino de la imposibilidad para brindarlo o de la necesaria participación del interesado en el levantamiento de una imposibilidad técnica. En otras palabras, siempre que la falta de dotación del servicio de agua potable no sea una actuación antojadiza, arbitraria o sin fundamento, sino que esté justificada en una imposibilidad jurídica o material; se descarta la violación de derechos fundamentales (en similar sentido véanse las sentencias números 2006-014218, 2007-11190, 2010-001516, y 2017-6701).
Resulta evidente que gran parte de la disputa entre las partes se relaciona con la aplicación de normas infraconstitucionales al caso concreto. Obsérvese que según informan las autoridades recurridas “se está a la espera de la inscripción de la donación de los terrenos y servidumbres necesarios para la operación, mantenimiento y desarrollo de los sistemas por parte de la sociedad Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, cédula jurídica No. 3 –101–14839, a favor de la ASADA Quebrada Ganado.” Pues el operador del sistema de Oasis y Villaverde se encontraba en una causal de extinción. Véase incluso que, dentro de lo informado por las autoridades representantes del ente recurrido, se menciona: “… Las constancias de disponibilidad de servicios no se rechazan por temas de calidad o cantidad del recurso hídrico, sino por encontrarse pendiente la inscripción de la escritura de donación de los terrenos y servidumbres a favor de la ASADA Quebrada Ganado por parte de la sociedad Promociones Turísticas e Inmobiliarias del Pacífico Sociedad Anónima, cédula jurídica No. 3–10 –114839, como requisito previo para continuar con el proceso de fusión …”.
Asimismo, se señala que: “… el Reglamento de Prestación de servicios a los clientes del AyA indica en el artículo 7, inciso 12 que la factibilidad técnica para el otorgamiento de los servicios implica verificación de la existencia real y actual de los recursos hídricos, hidráulicos, materiales, técnicos, legales y ambientales suficientes para otorgar la disponibilidad y eventual conexión del servicio. En el oficio GSD UEN GAR 2020- 02429 se detallan los requerimientos y en oficio GSD-UEN-GAR-2022-02812 se ratifican esos requerimientos y se indica claramente que “las constancias de disponibilidad de servicios solicitadas a nuestra oficina por los interesados (as), no se emitirán hasta que no se cumpla con las mejoras requeridas …”. A su vez, las recurrentes argumentan en su libelo de interposición, como parte de sus alegatos lo siguiente: “… el 31 de octubre 2013, la Asada Oasis Villaverde recayó en el supuesto descrito en el artículo 13 inciso d), de la Ley de Asociaciones, sea "causal de extinción" debido a que el nombramiento íntegro de su junta directiva venció …”.
Además, nótese que la solicitud de disponibilidad de agua fue gestionada por las recurrentes, quienes son representantes legales de las empresas ([Nombre 004]), y ([Nombre 005])., respectivamente, quienes en el año 2022 adquirieron dos propiedades en el Residencial Villaverde; por lo que el caso en estudio no se enmarca dentro de las excepciones establecidas por esta jurisdicción en lo ateniente a una justicia pronta y cumplida. En relación con los alegatos y pretensiones expuestas, es menester advertir que, si se cumple con los requisitos exigidos al efecto, o si la solicitud se ajusta o no a la normativa legal vigente, labor propia de la vía común, administrativa o jurisdiccional. Por ello, deberán las recurrentes plantear sus inconformidades o reclamos ante la autoridad recurrida o en la vía jurisdiccional competente, vías en las cuales podrá, en forma amplia, discutir el fondo del asunto y hacer valer sus pretensiones.
En mérito de lo expuesto, se considera que con los hechos impugnados no se han dado vulneraciones a normas o principios constitucionales en perjuicio de las accionantes, por lo que se impone desestimar el recurso, como en efecto se ordena.
En consecuencia, al no tenerse por demostrado ningún acto arbitrario en las condiciones que acusan las recurrentes, lo que procede es declarar sin lugar el recurso en todos sus extremos, como en efecto se dispone.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara sin lugar el recurso.- Fernando Castillo V.
Fernando Cruz C.
Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Anamari Garro V.
Ingrid Hess H.
Ana María Picado B.
Alejandro Delgado F.
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