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Res. 32328-2023 Sala Constitucional · Sala Constitucional · 15/12/2023
OutcomeResultado
The amparo is partially granted, ordering the Municipality of Golfito and the MOPT to coordinate the necessary works within twelve months to solve the flooding of the Rincón River.Se declara parcialmente con lugar el amparo y se ordena a la Municipalidad de Golfito y al MOPT coordinar las obras necesarias en el plazo de doce meses para solucionar las inundaciones del Río Rincón.
SummaryResumen
The Constitutional Chamber reviews an amparo filed by residents of Puerto Escondido, Puerto Jiménez, Golfito, against the Municipality of Golfito and the National Emergency Commission, for their failure to solve the recurrent flooding caused by the overflowing of the Rincón River during the rainy season. The petitioners alleged that since 2017 they had requested the construction of a dry dike or channelization of the river without an effective response, and that at least 22 families are left isolated and with their homes flooded. The Chamber notes that although the CNE dismissed an intervention under a declared emergency since it was a gradual erosion process, the respondent authorities have the ability to carry out maintenance and conservation works on drainage systems to improve hydraulic capacity. Consequently, it partially grants the amparo, ordering the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport to coordinate and execute, within twelve months, all necessary actions and works to comprehensively and definitively solve the flooding problem. The State and the Municipality are ordered to pay costs. The CNE must assist if required.La Sala Constitucional conoce un recurso de amparo presentado por vecinos de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez, Golfito, contra la Municipalidad de Golfito y la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias, por la omisión en solucionar las recurrentes inundaciones provocadas por el desbordamiento del Río Rincón durante la época lluviosa. Los recurrentes alegaron que desde 2017 habían solicitado la construcción de un dique seco o canalización del río, sin obtener respuesta efectiva, y que al menos 22 familias quedan incomunicadas y con viviendas anegadas. La Sala constata que si bien la CNE descartó una intervención por emergencia declarada al tratarse de un proceso de erosión gradual, las autoridades recurridas tienen la posibilidad de realizar obras de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica. En consecuencia, declara parcialmente con lugar el amparo, ordena a la Municipalidad de Golfito y al Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes coordinar y ejecutar en el plazo de doce meses todas las gestiones y obras necesarias para solucionar de manera integral y definitiva el problema de inundaciones. Se condena al Estado y a la Municipalidad al pago de costas. La CNE deberá coadyuvar si es requerida.
Key excerptExtracto clave
Based on the foregoing, the amparo is admissible. Although the cause of the damage is the Rincón River, the respondent authorities have the ability to carry out maintenance and conservation works on drainage systems, specifically the cleaning of stormwater drainage structures, to improve hydraulic capacity and the timely discharge of rainwater, thus preventing possible flooding during the rainy season. Given this, the amparo must be granted with respect to the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, in order to ensure a comprehensive solution within a reasonable time. The amparo is partially granted, solely with respect to the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. It orders Freiner Lara Blanco, in his capacity as Municipal Mayor of Golfito, and Luis Esteban Amador Jiménez, in his capacity as Minister of Public Works and Transport, or whoever occupies their positions, to coordinate, issue the pertinent orders, and carry out all actions within their respective competencies so that, within a maximum period of TWELVE MONTHS from the notification of this judgment, all necessary actions and works are carried out to comprehensively and definitively solve the flooding problem of the Rincón River affecting the community of Puerto Escondido, Puerto Jiménez, Golfito.Partiendo de lo anterior el recurso deviene procedente. Si bien es cierto el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón lo cierto es que las autoridades recurridas tienen la posibilidad de realizar obras de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales y de esa forma evitar posibles inundaciones en la época lluviosa. Así las cosas lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Golfito y el Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, a fin de garantizar una solución integral dentro de un plazo razonable. Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, únicamente en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Golfito y al Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes. Se ordena a Freiner Lara Blanco en su calidad de Alcalde Municipal de Golfito y a Luis Esteban Amador Jiménez en su calidad de Ministro de Obras Públicas y Transportes o a quienes en su lugar ocupen tales cargos, que coordinen lo correspondiente, giren las órdenes pertinentes y lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que estén dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, dentro del plazo máximo de DOCE MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se realicen todas las gestiones y obras pertinentes para solucionar de manera integral y definitiva el problema de inundaciones del Río Rincón que afecta a la comunidad de Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito.
Pull quotesCitas destacadas
"Las obras de mantenimiento y conservación fuera de derecho de la vía, específicamente en la atención de alineamiento y limpieza de cauces de las quebradas y ríos deben ser gestionados por medio de la Municipalidad de Golfito solicitando la atención correspondiente a la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias y a la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT de acuerdo a las competencias que sean asignadas a cada entidad."
"Maintenance and conservation works outside the right-of-way, specifically involving the alignment and cleaning of stream and river channels, must be managed by the Municipality of Golfito by requesting the corresponding assistance from the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response and the MOPT's Fluvial Works Directorate according to the competencies assigned to each entity."
Considerando III
"Las obras de mantenimiento y conservación fuera de derecho de la vía, específicamente en la atención de alineamiento y limpieza de cauces de las quebradas y ríos deben ser gestionados por medio de la Municipalidad de Golfito solicitando la atención correspondiente a la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias y a la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT de acuerdo a las competencias que sean asignadas a cada entidad."
Considerando III
"si bien es cierto el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón lo cierto es que las autoridades recurridas tienen la posibilidad de realizar obras de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales."
"although the cause of the damage is the Rincón River, the respondent authorities have the ability to carry out maintenance and conservation works on drainage systems, specifically the cleaning of stormwater drainage structures, to improve hydraulic capacity and the timely discharge of rainwater."
Considerando III
"si bien es cierto el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón lo cierto es que las autoridades recurridas tienen la posibilidad de realizar obras de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales."
Considerando III
"Se ordena [...] que coordinen lo correspondiente, giren las órdenes pertinentes y lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que estén dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, dentro del plazo máximo de DOCE MESES, [...] se realicen todas las gestiones y obras pertinentes para solucionar de manera integral y definitiva el problema de inundaciones del Río Rincón."
"It orders [...] to coordinate, issue the pertinent orders, and carry out all actions within their respective competencies so that, within a maximum period of TWELVE MONTHS, [...] all necessary actions and works are carried out to comprehensively and definitively solve the flooding problem of the Rincón River."
Por tanto
"Se ordena [...] que coordinen lo correspondiente, giren las órdenes pertinentes y lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que estén dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, dentro del plazo máximo de DOCE MESES, [...] se realicen todas las gestiones y obras pertinentes para solucionar de manera integral y definitiva el problema de inundaciones del Río Rincón."
Por tanto
Full documentDocumento completo
Constitutional Chamber Case File: 23-025192-0007-CO Type of Matter: Amparo appeal Relevance Indicators Relevant judgment Judgment with protected data, in accordance with current regulations Content of Interest:
Type of content: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS.
032328-23. THE MUNICIPALITY OF GOLFITO AND THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT ARE ORDERED TO COORDINATE ACCORDINGLY, ISSUE THE ORDERS AND ALL ACTIONS SO THAT WITHIN A PERIOD OF TWELVE MONTHS ALL PERTINENT PROCEDURES AND WORKS ARE CARRIED OUT TO INTEGRALLY AND DEFINITIVELY SOLVE THE FLOODING PROBLEM OF THE RÍO RINCÓN AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY OF PUERTO ESCONDIDO PUERTO JIMÉNEZ, GOLFITO. THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR RISK PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE SHALL TAKE NOTE THAT, IF REQUIRED, IT SHALL ASSIST THE MUNICIPALITY OF GOLFITO AND THE MOPT IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF INCOMMUNICATION AND FLOODING DURING THE RAINY SEASON AFFECTING AT LEAST 25 FAMILIES IN THE COMMUNITY OF PUERTO ESCONDIDO. RGS01/2024 "(…)It was verified that by Agreement No. 0443 of November 30, 2011, of the Board of Directors of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response, taken in Extraordinary Session No. 10-11, held on Wednesday, November 9, 2011, and published in Gazette No. 230 of November 30, 2011, titled: “Recommends that mayors proceed immediately with the eviction of occupants from areas of recognized risk and imminent danger and demolish the buildings located in them,” the following was textually indicated: a. Recommend to all Mayors of the country: i. That, in accordance with the duties and powers imposed on them by the Political Constitution in its articles 50 and 169, the Municipal Code, the Urban Planning Law (Ley de Planificación Urbana), the Construction Law (Ley de Construcciones), the Organic Environmental Law (Ley Orgánica del Ambiente), article 33 of the Forestry Law (Ley Forestal), and related regulations, the General Health Law, and the extensive jurisprudence on the subject, they proceed immediately with the eviction of occupants from areas of recognized risk and imminent danger, as well as to demolish the buildings located in them, and to ensure that they are not invaded again by human settlements, applying the procedural sequence cited in Considering IV, which is extracted from resolution No. 12485-2010 of the Constitutional Chamber. ii.
That, due to the binding nature conferred upon them by the Constitutional Chamber, they immediately implement the recommendations that CNE technicians and academic institutions have repeatedly provided over many years, which are known to them, regarding concrete and timely actions to safeguard human life in areas of recognized risk and imminent danger. The studies and technical recommendations historically provided in each case will be available to the municipalities at the CNE offices. The Internal Audit Offices and Municipal Councils must ensure compliance with these provisions. Disobedience will be considered a breach of duties and must be brought by the Internal Audit Offices to the attention of the corresponding authority. (…) d. Formally communicate this Agreement to all Mayors and to the Ombudsman's Office (Defensoría de los Habitantes). e. Publish this Agreement and the summary map of natural hazards of the country (available on the website, www.cne.go.cr) in the official gazette and in a nationally circulated newspaper.
It was verified that according to official letter CNE-UGPR-OF-1799-2023 dated October 27, 2023, signed by the Reconstruction Process Management Unit of the CNE: “In November 2018, for the Río Rincón in the sector of Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez (2018PI-000535-0006500001 and 2018PI-000566-0006500001), the process was unsuccessful twice due to lack of bidders and/or non-compliance by participants. Given that this process was unsuccessful, the option was proposed to the Municipality of Golfito to process the request using (Art. 34 subparagraph i of the CNE Procurement Regulation (Reglamento Proveeduría CNE)); however, direct contracting could not be carried out because the Municipality did not find bidders with the available equipment, and the deadlines for contracting expired.” It was verified that the increased flow of the Río Rincón during the rainy season, as a result of the hydrometeorological events that have occurred, has caused flooding in the town of Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito—the section or stretch most affected being the community near the Puerto Escondido School.
It was proven that the road grade is above the land where the single-family dwelling-type buildings are located, causing the phenomenon of rainwater accumulation from the Río Rincón, making it act as a barrier and directly affecting the inhabitants. It was evidenced that the Zone 4-3 Engineering Department of the MOPT recommends the following: “Maintenance and conservation works outside the road right-of-way, specifically regarding alignment and cleaning of stream and river channels, must be managed through the Municipality of Golfito, requesting the corresponding attention from the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response and the MOPT's River Works Directorate (Dirección de Obras Fluviales), according to the competencies assigned to each entity. The Road and Bridge Conservation Management will evaluate the need to carry out maintenance and conservation activities for drainage systems, specifically cleaning storm drainage structures, to improve hydraulic capacity and the timely discharge of rainwater if it is determined that they have a significant impact on the resident population.
However, it is reiterated that, according to historical facts and field inspections, the cause of the impact is the Río Rincón.” It was proven that according to the CNE report, riverbank erosion is a process that occurs gradually due to the natural dynamics of the flow, and not due to a single medium-magnitude rainfall event. Finally, it was accredited that the roads: Road Dirección5100 called Dirección5099 – Puerto Escondido, the Dirección5101 called (Ent.N.245) Puerto Escondido Poste ICE #894570341440 – End of Camino Finca Eusebio Núñez, and the 6-07-114 called (Ent.C.110) La Palma – Puerto Escondido do not present significant impacts. In conclusion, it is true that since 2017, residents of the locality of Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez requested the Municipality of Golfito for “the construction of a dry dike or channeling of the Río Rincón” and that in 2020 they requested help from the National Emergency Commission for the flooding problem caused by the Río Rincón.
For their part, the authorities of the National Emergency Commission state that the problem corresponds to an ongoing process from some time ago and that it is not related to the effects of an emergency declaration; therefore, what is required are maintenance tasks corresponding to the local government or the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. On the other hand, the authorities of the Municipality of Golfito assure that riverbank erosion is a process that occurs gradually due to the natural dynamics of the flow, and not due to a single medium-magnitude rainfall event, and that to dredge the river, the collaboration of the National Emergency Commission is required. Finally, the Ministry of Public Works and Transport points out that the zone's engineering indicates that the site where the problem originates is outside the right-of-way and corresponds to a cantonal route; however, they recognize that the Municipality requires collaboration from both the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response and the MOPT's River Works Directorate.
Based on the foregoing, the appeal is procedurally granted. While it is true that the cause of the impact is the Río Rincón, it is also true that the respondent authorities have the possibility to carry out maintenance and conservation works on drainage systems, specifically the cleaning of storm drainage structures, to improve hydraulic capacity and the timely discharge of rainwater, thus preventing possible flooding during the rainy season. Therefore, it is appropriate to grant the appeal with regard to the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, in order to guarantee an integral solution within a reasonable timeframe.(…)” ... See more Content of Interest:
Type of content: Majority vote Branch of Law: 4. GUARANTEE MATTERS Topic: MUNICIPALITY Subtopics:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS.
032328-23. THE MUNICIPALITY OF GOLFITO AND THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT ARE ORDERED TO COORDINATE ACCORDINGLY, ISSUE THE ORDERS AND ALL ACTIONS SO THAT WITHIN A PERIOD OF TWELVE MONTHS ALL PERTINENT PROCEDURES AND WORKS ARE CARRIED OUT TO INTEGRALLY AND DEFINITIVELY SOLVE THE FLOODING PROBLEM OF THE RÍO RINCÓN AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY OF PUERTO ESCONDIDO PUERTO JIMÉNEZ, GOLFITO. THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR RISK PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE SHALL TAKE NOTE THAT, IF REQUIRED, IT SHALL ASSIST THE MUNICIPALITY OF GOLFITO AND THE MOPT IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF INCOMMUNICATION AND FLOODING DURING THE RAINY SEASON AFFECTING AT LEAST 25 FAMILIES IN THE COMMUNITY OF PUERTO ESCONDIDO. RGS01/2024 "(…)The appeal is partially granted, solely with respect to the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. Freiner Lara Blanco, in his capacity as Municipal Mayor of Golfito, and Luis Esteban Amador Jiménez, in his capacity as Minister of Public Works and Transport, or whoever occupies those positions in their stead, are ordered to coordinate accordingly, issue the pertinent orders, and carry out all actions within the scope of their respective competencies so that, within a maximum period of TWELVE MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, all pertinent procedures and works are carried out to integrally and definitively solve the flooding problem of the Río Rincón affecting the community of Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito.
It is warned that, in accordance with the provisions of article 71 of the Law of Constitutional Jurisdiction (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), a penalty of three months to two years of imprisonment, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo appeal, and fails to comply with or enforce it, provided the crime is not more severely punished. The State and the Municipality of Golfito are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the events that served as the basis for this declaration, which shall be assessed in the execution of the judgment in the contentious-administrative court. For the rest, the appeal is dismissed. The National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response shall take note of what is stated in the penultimate Considering of this judgment. Notify." ... See more CONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at nine hours and twenty minutes on December fifteenth, two thousand twenty-three.
Amparo appeal filed by [Nombre62 001], identity card number [CED62 ], against the MUNICIPALITY OF GOLFITO and the NATIONAL EMERGENCY COMMISSION.
Whereas:
Likewise, Article 30, subsection a) of the same law establishes that in the Response phase, which is an operational phase immediate to the occurrence of the event, urgent first-impact measures aimed at safeguarding life, vital public service infrastructure, and the production of goods and services are included through alert, alarm, evacuation, and relocation actions, among others. The Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, through Opinion C-030-2016 of February fifteenth, two thousand sixteen, regarding first impacts, stated: “As indicated, the attention of local or minor emergencies corresponds to the Commission. However, when dealing with actions classified as first impact, it should be considered that the Commission does not act alone. Among the coordination bodies created by Article 10 of the Law, we find the Emergency Operations Center, an organ of the Commission, which brings together public institutions, governmental or otherwise, “that work in the first response and rehabilitation phase of the emergency.” It is this body that prepares and executes first response tasks in emergency situations.
Taking into account the coordination bodies established by the Law, it can be affirmed that the local or minor emergency involves all agencies with competence regarding the damages caused. It must be taken into account that for the attention of these minor emergencies, the Law allows the Commission to transfer to regional, municipal, and community committees, in custody and administration, “first response” supplies and equipment, to be used in the attention of the affected population, Article 52. Ergo, the aforementioned committees participate in the attention of the cited minor and local emergencies, as the case may be, with the goods transferred by the CNE.”
Regarding the Exception Regime, this arises from a Declaration of State of Emergency, which is issued by the Executive Branch, as provided in Article 29 of Law No. 8488. The Declaration of Emergency allows for exceptional treatment in the face of budgetary rigidity, by virtue of Article 180 of the Political Constitution, so that the Government can quickly obtain sufficient economic, material, or other resources to attend to the persons, goods, and services affected or in danger (Art. 31 Law No. 8488); according to the needs in the different stages of the emergency as established in Article 30 of the cited law.
To utilize the exception regime, there must be UNEQUIVOCALLY a causal nexus between the event that provokes the state of necessity and urgency and the damages actually caused. In this regard, the Constitutional Chamber, in Vote number 3410-92, reiterated in Vote number 1369-2001 at fourteen hours thirty minutes on February fourteenth, two thousand one, stated: “the existence of a causal nexus for the intervention of the CNE is required between the event that occurred and the investment made, duly supported by an emergency decree issued by the Executive Branch and a General Emergency Plan, understood as a definition of functions and responsibilities and general reaction and institutional alert procedures […]” Once a State of Emergency has been declared, the attention of the emergency is executed through three phases as established in Article 30 of the aforementioned law, which consist of a response phase aimed at applying urgent measures for life, vital public service infrastructure, and the production of vital goods and services; in addition, we have the rehabilitation phase, which refers to the stabilization of the affected region through actions aimed at the temporary rehabilitation of vital services such as water, transportation, telecommunications, health, commerce, electricity, among others; and finally, we have the reconstruction phase intended to restore the normal functioning of the affected public services; it includes the reconstruction and replacement of damaged public and social-interest infrastructure, as well as the implementation of land-use regulation measures aimed at preventing subsequent damages.
When the Executive Branch has issued the decree declaring the state of emergency, the Commission, through its Executive Directorate and in consultation with its Presidency, shall immediately convene the Institutions that have competence and any other it deems necessary because they are within the area affected by the emergency, for the preparation of the General Emergency Plan, an instrument that will allow for the rational, efficient, and systematic planning and channeling of the actions to be carried out, the necessary supervision, and the allocation of the required resources. For this purpose, within a maximum period of two months, the convened institutions must submit an official report of the damages suffered in their area of competence, with an estimate of the costs and the needs to be covered. There must be, unequivocally, a cause-and-effect relationship in this damage report.
With the reports presented and the other documentation that the Commission accredits, the General Emergency Plan shall be prepared. The General Emergency Plan is the planning instrument that establishes the causal effect between the event that occurred, the actions, and the investment made to address the emergency. It consists of a description of the causal event, the evaluation of damages, and the estimation of the losses generated, broken down by canton and sector; likewise, it includes the delimitation of the actions to be carried out by each institution, including those of the Commission itself; as well as a detail of the amount of investment required in each of the phases of the emergency response, from the response phase to the reconstruction of the affected area. The immediate action measures, the human and material resource needs to face the event, and the mediate action measures, such as those referring to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the affected areas, the eradication, and the prevention of the risk situations that caused the emergency situation, must also be indicated.
All institutions are obligated by this Law to contribute as necessary, with information and technical support for the preparation of the General Emergency Plan. The drafting of this Plan, as well as the responsibilities referring to its subsequent execution, shall have priority over the ordinary tasks of each particular institution, as long as the state of emergency remains in effect.
To execute the actions, works, and contracts, the Commission shall appoint the public institutions with competence in the area where the actions are developed as Executing Units, provided that they have a sufficient structure to attend to the commitments; both the Commission and the Executing Units shall be obligated to prepare investment plans, where the actions, works, and financial resources they will use to attend to what is assigned to them are set out in a detailed manner, and which must be approved by the Board of Directors of the Commission. The appointment of Executing Units allows for the allocation of emergency resources, which implies the use and management of resources according to the corresponding procedures.
In this regard, it must be taken into account that Article 51, second paragraph, of the Law provides that the procurement of goods and services financed with resources from the Fund for the attention of declared emergencies shall be governed by the principles of the Law on Administrative Procurement, the provisions of the Internal Regulations of the institutional Procurement Office, and specific provisions issued for that procurement. The Office of the Attorney General of the Republic, in Legal Opinion No. 044-J of July 20, 2012, addressed the issue, stating: “(…) Although the General Plan must contain all the actions to be carried out to respond to the emergency in its different phases, the bodies that will be responsible for those actions, and the general investment that the emergency will require in its different phases, the fact is that from the moment a body is appointed as an Executing Unit, it becomes obligated to prepare an investment plan that describes the actions, works, and financial resources it will use to attend to the tasks that correspond to it.
That is, an action plan for its obligations regarding the emergency, just as those obligations arise from the General Plan. That investment plan cannot limit itself to mentioning the main lines of action, since the law not only indicates that it must contain a detailed description but adds that this description is itemized; which obliges one to consider that the actions must be described in their various elements in order to specify how the needs caused will be addressed. It follows from the foregoing that the investment plan is a consequence of the General Plan. Therefore, it must contemplate the actions foreseen in the General Plan and maintain the corresponding causal nexus between the emergency and the actions that will be financed with that new plan (…)” (Underlining is not from the original).
The complainant states that in the community of Puerto Escondido, District of Puerto Jiménez, Canton Golfito, they have flooding problems, for which they have approached the Municipality of Golfito without receiving a satisfactory response. In fact four, he stated that engineer Manuel Villalobos had referred the “problem” to the corresponding department of the National Emergency Commission, but that they were informed that there was no machinery available; regarding this particular, when consulted, the Reconstruction Process Management Unit, through official letter CNE-UGPR-OF-1799-2023, dated October twenty-seventh, two thousand twenty-three, reported:
In November 2018, for the Rincón River in the Puerto Escondido sector of Puerto Jiménez (2018PI-000535-0006500001 and 2018PI-000566-0006500001), it was unsuccessful twice due to a lack of offerors and/or non-compliance by participants. Given that this process was unsuccessful, the option was raised to the Municipality of Golfito that they process the request using (Art. 34, subsection i of the CNE Procurement Regulations); however, direct procurement could not be carried out because the Municipality did not find offerors who had the available equipment and the deadlines for procurement expired.
In September 2020, a request for intervention for an undeclared emergency was received, which was not processed for the following reasons: According to the images provided in the request, it can be clearly observed that there are no damages that can be attributed to the event in question, given that riverbank erosion is a process that occurs gradually due to the natural dynamics of the flow, and not due to a single event of medium-magnitude rainfall. In fact, part of the vegetation can be observed on the banks, from which it can be concluded that the problem corresponds to a process that has been ongoing for some time. From this perspective, the situation is not the concern of the CNE as it is a matter of a lack of maintenance work; rather, it is the responsibility of other bodies, be it local government and/or the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Fluvial Works Directorate).
In this regard, it is recalled that, as is known, maintenance work in watercourses and investment in public infrastructure are the responsibility of other bodies to execute, be it local government and/or the MOPT, since maintenance, as an ordinary action, cannot be provided by the CNE, because, as indicated in vote 3410-92 of the Constitutional Chamber, the lack of planning by other State entities in their ordinary work cannot be supplanted via an emergency. Likewise, it is indicated that in the General Plans of current decrees, no damage is reported in the area indicated in the document of the amparo appeal referred to this Unit.” As indicated in the previous sections and reiterated with the official letter transcribed above, it is the responsibility of the Local Government, in its ordinary work, to attend to situations like those described by Mr. [Name62 001]. Likewise, it is important to clarify to the Magistrates that, even though the document dated January twenty-sixth, two thousand twenty-one is addressed to the National Emergency Commission, it was filed with the Municipal Emergency Committee of Golfito; as evidence, observe that the receipt signature on that document is the same as that of the official of the Municipality of Golfito who received the document filed on October third, two thousand seventeen, by the residents of the locality of Puerto Escondido; consequently, none of the documents were forwarded to the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Attention; it was only upon the referral of the amparo appeal that knowledge was obtained of the request filed in previous years.” It requests that the appeal be dismissed.
Drafted by Magistrate Fernandez Acuña; and,
Considering:
The complainant alleges that by note of October 3, 2017, they brought to the attention of the mayor and other local representatives of the Golfito Emergency Commission the situation experienced by 22 families of the community of Puerto Escondido, whose dwelling houses are completely flooded in the rainy season—for some of them, the water reaches the roof—when highway 245 floods and leaves Puerto Escondido cut off. He explains that the situation threatens the integrity of elderly persons, children, minors, and persons with some disability, who year after year must suffer the onslaught of nature. He details that the missive was filed with the Municipality of Golfito with 57 signatures. Furthermore, on January 26, 2021, they delivered a second missive to the National Emergency Commission with 60 signatures. He accuses that after 5 years, they have received no response or solution from any of the sued institutions aimed at channeling the Rincón River or building a dry levee that functions as a retaining wall so that the dwellings do not flood.
Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly demonstrated, either because they have been accredited or because the sued authority has omitted to refer to them, according to what is provided for in the initial order:
That due to the binding character that the Constitutional Chamber confers upon them, they immediately implement the recommendations that CNE technicians and academic institutions have repeatedly provided them over many years and which are of their knowledge, regarding concrete and timely actions to safeguard human life in areas of recognized risk and imminent danger. The studies and technical recommendations that have been historically issued in each case will be available to the municipalities in the CNE offices. The Internal Audit Offices and the Municipal Councils shall ensure compliance with these provisions. Disobedience shall be considered a breach of duties, and must be elevated by the Internal Audit Offices to the knowledge of the corresponding authority. (…) d. Formally communicate this Agreement to all Mayors, and to the Office of the Ombudsman. e. Publish this Agreement and the summary map of the country’s natural hazards (available on the website, www.cne.go.cr) in the official gazette and in a newspaper of national circulation (see report of the sued authority).
From the reports rendered by the sued authorities, which are given under the solemnity of oath with the legal consequences that this implies, it follows that on October 3, 2017, the residents of the locality of Puerto Escondido of Puerto Jiménez requested from the Municipality of Golfito “the construction of a dry levee or channeling of the Rincón River.” It was accredited that on October 21, 2020, the residents of the locality of Puerto Escondido of Puerto Jiménez requested help from the National Emergency Commission for the flooding problem generated by the Rincón River. It was proven that in September 2020, the CNE received a request for intervention for an undeclared emergency, which was not processed because it was not possible to demonstrate that the damages were caused by the event generated on the Rincón River. It was verified that through Agreement No. 0443 of November 30, 2011, of the Board of Directors of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Attention, adopted in Extraordinary Session No. 10-11, held on Wednesday, November 9, 2011, and published in La Gaceta No. 230 of November 30, 2011, called: “Recommends to the mayors that they immediately proceed to the eviction of the occupants of areas of recognized risk and imminent danger and demolish the buildings located therein” the following was textually stated: a. Recommend to all Mayors of the country: i. That in accordance with the duties and powers that the Political Constitution in its Articles 50 and 169, the Municipal Code, the Urban Planning Law, the Construction Law, the Organic Environmental Law, Article 33 of the Forestry Law, and related regulations, the General Health Law, and the extensive jurisprudence on the subject impose upon them, they immediately proceed to the eviction of the occupants of the areas of recognized risk and imminent danger, as well as to demolish the buildings located therein, and to ensure that they are not invaded again by human settlements, applying the procedural sequence cited in Considerando IV, which is extracted from resolution No. 12485-2010 of the Constitutional Chamber. ii.
That due to the binding character that the Constitutional Chamber confers upon them, they immediately implement the recommendations that CNE technicians and academic institutions have repeatedly provided them over many years and which are of their knowledge, regarding concrete and timely actions to safeguard human life in areas of recognized risk and imminent danger. The studies and technical recommendations that have been historically issued in each case will be available to the municipalities in the CNE offices. The Internal Audit Offices and the Municipal Councils shall ensure compliance with these provisions. Disobedience shall be considered a breach of duties, and must be elevated by the Internal Audit Offices to the knowledge of the corresponding authority. (…) d. Formally communicate this Agreement to all Mayors, and to the Office of the Ombudsman. e. Publish this Agreement and the summary map of the country’s natural hazards (available on the website, www.cne.go.cr) in the official gazette and in a newspaper of national circulation.
It was verified that according to official communication CNE-UGPR-OF-1799-2023 dated October 27, 2023, signed by the Reconstruction Process Management Unit (Unidad de Gestión de Procesos de Reconstrucción) of the CNE: “In November 2018, for the Rincón River in the Puerto Escondido sector of Puerto Jiménez (2018PI-000535-0006500001 and 2018PI-000566-0006500001), the process was unsuccessful twice due to a lack of bidders and/or non-compliance by participants. Given that this process was unsuccessful, the option was proposed to the Municipality of Golfito (Municipalidad de Golfito) that they process the request using (Art. 34 subsection i of the CNE Procurement Regulations, Reglamento Proveeduría CNE); however, direct contracting could not be carried out because the Municipality did not find bidders that had the available equipment and the deadlines to contract expired.” It was confirmed that the increase in flow of the Rincón River during the rainy season, resulting from the hydrometeorological events that have occurred, has caused flooding in the town of Puerto Escondido, Puerto Jiménez, Golfito —the stretch or section most affected being the community near the Puerto Escondido School.
It was proven that the road grade is above the lands where the single-family dwelling-type buildings are located, which causes the phenomenon of stormwater accumulation coming from the Rincón River, causing it to function as a barrier and directly affect the inhabitants. It was demonstrated that the Zone 4-3 Engineering Department of the MOPT recommends the following: “Maintenance and conservation works outside the road right-of-way, specifically in addressing alignment and cleaning of stream and river channels, must be managed through the Municipality of Golfito by requesting corresponding attention from the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response (Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias) and from the MOPT’s Directorate of River Works (Dirección de Obras Fluviales) according to the competencies assigned to each entity. The Road and Bridge Conservation Management (Gerencia de Conservación de Vías y Puentes) will evaluate the need to carry out maintenance and conservation activities for drainage systems, specifically in the cleaning of storm drainage structures, to improve hydraulic capacity and the timely discharge of stormwater if it is determined that they have a great impact on the resident population.
However, it is reiterated that, according to historical facts and field inspections, the cause of the impact is the Rincón River.” It was proven that according to the CNE report, riverbank erosion is a process that occurs gradually due to the natural dynamics of the flow, and not due to a single medium-magnitude rainfall event. Finally, it was accredited that the roads: Camino Dirección1772 named Dirección1769 – Puerto Escondido, Dirección1773 named (Ent.N.245) Puerto Escondido Poste ICE #894570341440 – End of Road Finca Eusebio Núñez, and 6-07-114 named (Ent.C.110) La Palma – Puerto Escondido do not present significant impacts. In conclusion, it is true that since 2017, the residents of the locality of Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez requested the Municipality of Golfito “the construction of a dry levee or channelization of the Rincón River” and that in 2020 they requested assistance from the National Emergency Commission (Comisión Nacional de Emergencias) for the flooding problem generated by the Rincón River.
For their part, the authorities of the National Emergency Commission state that the problem corresponds to a process that has been ongoing for a long time and that it is not a matter of the effects of an emergency declaration; therefore, what is required are maintenance tasks that correspond to the local government or the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes). On the other hand, the authorities of the Municipality of Golfito assert that riverbank erosion is a process that occurs gradually due to the natural dynamics of the flow, and not due to a single medium-magnitude rainfall event, and that, to carry out the dredging of the river, the collaboration of the National Emergency Commission is required. Finally, the Ministry of Public Works and Transport points out that the zone engineering indicates that the site where the problem originates is outside the right-of-way and that it corresponds to a cantonal route; however, they recognize that the Municipality requires collaboration from both the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response and the MOPT’s Directorate of River Works.
Based on the foregoing, the appeal becomes admissible. Although it is true that the cause of the impact is the Rincón River, it is also true that the respondent authorities have the possibility of carrying out maintenance and conservation works for drainage systems, specifically in the cleaning of storm drainage structures, to improve hydraulic capacity and the timely discharge of stormwater and thus prevent possible flooding in the rainy season. As matters stand, it is appropriate to grant the appeal with respect to the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, in order to guarantee a comprehensive solution within a reasonable timeframe.
IV.Moreover, regarding the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response, any omission meriting a declaration in this summary proceeding is discarded a priori; however, the president of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response (Comisión Nacional de Prevención del Riesgo y Atención de Emergencias) must take note, so that, if required, within the framework of its competencies, it collaborates with the Municipality of Golfito and with the MOPT’s Directorate of River Works in solving the problem that is the subject of this appeal.
The parties are warned that if they have provided any document on paper, as well as objects or evidence contained in any additional device of an electronic, computer, magnetic, optical, telematic nature or produced by new technologies, these must be withdrawn from the office within a maximum period of 30 working days counted from the notification of this judgment. Otherwise, all material not withdrawn within this period will be destroyed, pursuant to the provisions of the "Regulations on the Electronic Case File before the Judiciary" (Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial), approved by the Full Court in session No. 27-11 of August 22, 2011, article XXVI and published in Judicial Bulletin No. 19 of January 26, 2012, as well as the agreement approved by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, in session No. 43-12 held on May 3, 2012, article LXXXI.
Therefore:
The appeal is partially granted, solely with respect to the Municipality of Golfito and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. Freiner Lara Blanco, in his capacity as Municipal Mayor (Alcalde Municipal) of Golfito, and Luis Esteban Amador Jiménez, in his capacity as Minister of Public Works and Transport (Ministro de Obras Públicas y Transportes), or whoever holds such positions in their stead, are ordered to coordinate accordingly, issue the pertinent orders, and carry out all actions that fall within the scope of their respective competencies so that, within a maximum period of TWELVE MONTHS, counted from the notification of this judgment, all pertinent steps and works are carried out to comprehensively and definitively solve the flooding problem of the Rincón River that affects the community of Puerto Escondido, Puerto Jiménez, Golfito. It is warned that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 71 of the Constitutional Jurisdiction Law (Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional), a prison sentence of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, will be imposed on whoever receives an order that must be complied with or enforced, issued in an amparo appeal, and does not comply with it or enforce it, provided that the offense is not more severely penalized.
The State and the Municipality of Golfito are ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused by the acts that served as the basis for this declaration, which will be liquidated in the execution of the judgment of the contentious-administrative proceeding. In all other respects, the appeal is dismissed. The National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response shall take note of what is set forth in the penultimate Considering of this judgment. Let it be notified.
Name152 C.
Acting President (Presidente a.i) Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Name6376 B.
Name5272 A.
Alexandra Alvarado P.
CASE FILE No. 23-025192-0007-CO Telephones: 2549-1500 / 800-SALA-4TA (800-7252-482). Fax: 2295-3712 / 2549-1633. Electronic address: www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional. Address: (Dirección12 , Dirección13 , 100 meters south of the Perpetuo Socorro church). Reception of matters from vulnerable groups: Dirección14 , San José, Dirección15 , Dirección16 , Calles 19 y 21, Dirección17 Classification prepared by the SALA CONSTITUCIONAL of the Judiciary. Reproduction and/or distribution for a fee is prohibited.
It is a faithful copy of the original - Taken from Nexus.PJ on: 08-05-2026 14:13:44.
Indicadores de Relevancia Sentencia relevante Sentencia con datos protegidos, de conformidad con la normativa vigente Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
INFRAESTRUCTURA Y CONDICIONES.
032328-23. SE ORDENA A LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOLFITO Y EL MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y TRANSPORTES COORDINAR LO CORRESPONDIENTE, GIRAR LAS ÓRDENES Y TODAS LAS ACTUACIONES PARA QUE EN EL PLAZO DE DOCE MESES SE REALICEN TODAS LAS GESTIONES Y OBRAS PERTINENTES PARA SOLUCIONAR DE FORMA INTEGRAL Y DEFINITIVA EL PROBLEMA DE INUNDACIONES DEL RÍO RINCÓN QUE AFECTA A LA COMUNIDADA DE PUERTO ESCONDIDO PUERTO JIMÉNEZ, GOLFITO. TOME NOTA LA COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE PREVENCIÓN DE RIESGOS Y ATENCIÓN DE EMERGENCIAS QUE EN CASO DE SER REQUERIDO, SE COADYUVE CON LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOLFITO Y EL MOPT EN LA SOLUCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DE INCOMUNICACIÓN E INUNDACIÓN EN ÉPOCA DE LLUVIA DE AL MENOS 25 FAMILIAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE PUERTO ESCONDIDO. RGS01/2024 “(…)Se constató que mediante Acuerdo N°0443 del 30 de noviembre del 2011 de la Junta Directiva de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias tomado en la Sesión Extraordinaria No.10- 11, celebrada el día miércoles 09 de noviembre de 2011 y publicado en la Gaceta N°230 del 30 de noviembre del 2011 denominado: “Recomienda a los alcaldes y alcaldesas que procedan de inmediato al desalojo de los ocupantes de las zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente y demoler las edificaciones ubicadas en ellas” textualmente se indicó: a. Recomendar a todos los Alcaldes y Alcaldesas del país: i. Que conforme a los deberes y atribuciones que la Constitución Política en sus artículos 50 y 169, el Código Municipal, la Ley de Planificación Urbana, la Ley de Construcciones, la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente, el artículo 33 de la Ley Forestal, y normativa conexa, la Ley General de Salud y la amplia jurisprudencia sobre el tema les imponen, procedan de inmediato al desalojo de los ocupantes de las zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente, así como a demoler las edificaciones ubicadas en ellas, y a vigilar que no vuelvan a ser invadidas con asentamientos humanos, aplicando la secuencia procedimental citada en el Considerando IV, que se extrae de la resolución Nº 12485- 2010 de la Sala Constitucional. ii.
Que por el carácter vinculante que la Sala Constitucional les confiere, implementen de inmediato las recomendaciones que los técnicos de la CNE y de las instituciones académicas les han brindado reiteradamente a lo largo de muchos años y que son de su conocimiento, sobre acciones concretas y oportunas para salvaguardar la vida humana en zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente. Quedarán a disposición de las municipalidades en las oficinas de la CNE, los estudios y recomendaciones técnicas que se han girado históricamente en cada caso. Las Auditorías Internas y los Concejos Municipales deberán velar por el acatamiento de estas disposiciones. La desobediencia será considerada incumplimiento de deberes, y deberá ser elevada por las Auditorías Internas al conocimiento de la autoridad correspondiente. (…) d. Comunicar formalmente este Acuerdo a todos los Alcaldes y Alcaldesas, y a la Defensoría de los Habitantes. e. Publicar este Acuerdo y el mapa síntesis de amenazas naturales del país (disponible en la página Web, www.cne.go.cr) en el diario oficial y en un diario de circulación nacional.
Se verificó que según oficio CNE-UGPR-OF-1799-2023 de fecha 27 de octubre de 2023 suscrito por la Unidad de Gestión de Procesos de Reconstrucción de la CNE: “En noviembre del 2018 para el río Rincón en el sector de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez (2018PI-000535-0006500001 y 2018PI-000566-0006500001) resultó infructuosa dos veces por falta de oferentes y/o incumplimientos de los participantes. Dado que este proceso resultó infructuoso se planteó a la Municipalidad de Golfito la opción de que tramitarán la solicitud utilizando el (Art. 34 inciso i del Reglamento Proveeduría CNE); no obstante, la contratación directa no se pudo llevar a cabo porque la Municipalidad no encontró oferentes que tuvieran el equipo disponible y los plazos para poder contratar se vencieron”. Se constató que el aumento de caudal del río Rincón durante la estación lluviosa producto de los eventos hidrometereológicos sucedido han originado la presencia de inundaciones en el poblado de Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito -siendo el tramo o sección de mayor afectación la comunidad cerca de la Escuela de Puerto Escondido-.
Quedó probado que la rasante de la vía está por encima de los terrenos donde se encuentran las edificaciones tipo vivienda unifamiliar, lo cual causa el fenómeno de acumulación de aguas pluviales provenientes del río Rincón originando que la misma funcione como barrera y afecte directamente a los habitantes. Se evidenció que el Departamento de Ingeniería de Zona 4-3 del MOPT recomienda lo siguiente: “Las obras de mantenimiento y conservación fuera de derecho de la vía, específicamente en la atención de alineamiento y limpieza de cauces de las quebradas y ríos deben ser gestionados por medio de la Municipalidad de Golfito solicitando la atención correspondiente a la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias y a la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT de acuerdo a las competencias que sean asignadas a cada entidad Se evaluará por Ia Gerencia de Conservación de Vías y Puentes la necesidad de realizar actividades de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales en caso de determinarse que son de gran impacto a la población habitante.
No obstante se reitera que, de acuerdo a hechos históricos e inspecciones de campo, el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón”. Se probó que según informe de la CNE la erosión de márgenes en ríos es un proceso que ocurre gradualmente debido a la dinámica natural del caudal, y no a un solo evento de lluvias de mediana magnitud. Finalmente se acreditó que los caminos: Caminos Dirección5100 denominado Dirección5099 – Puerto Escondido, el Dirección5101 denominado (Ent.N.245) Puerto Escondido Poste ICE #894570341440 – Fin del Camino Finca Eusebio Núñez y el 6-07-114 denominado (Ent.C.110) La Palma – Puerto Escondido no presentan afectaciones de gran magnitud. En conclusión, es cierto que desde el año 2017 los vecinos de la localidad de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez solicitaron a la Municipalidad de Golfito “la construcción de un dique seco o canalización del Río Rincón” y que en el año 2020 solicitaron a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias ayuda para el problema de inundaciones generado por el Río Rincón.
Por su parte las autoridades de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias afirman que la problemática corresponde a un proceso que viene desde tiempo atrás y que no se trata de efectos de una declaratoria de emergencia; de manera que lo que se requiere son labores de mantenimiento que corresponden al gobierno local o al Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes. De otra parte las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Golfito aseguran que la erosión de márgenes en ríos es un proceso que ocurre gradualmente debido a la dinámica natural del caudal, y no a un solo evento de lluvias de mediana magnitud y que, para realizar el dragado del río se requiere la colaboración de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias. Finalmente el Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes señala que la ingeniería de la zona apunta que el sitio donde se origina la problemática está fuera del derecho de vía y que corresponde a una ruta cantonal; sin embargo reconocen que la Municipalidad requiere colaboración tanto de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención y Riesgos de Atención de Emergencias como de la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT.
Partiendo de lo anterior el recurso deviene procedente. Si bien es cierto el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón lo cierto es que las autoridades recurridas tienen la posibilidad de realizar obras de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales y de esa forma evitar posibles inundaciones en la época lluviosa. Así las cosas lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Golfito y el Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, a fin de garantizar una solución integral dentro de un plazo razonable.(…)” ... Ver más Contenido de Interés:
Tipo de contenido: Voto de mayoría Rama del Derecho: 4. ASUNTOS DE GARANTÍA Tema: MUNICIPALIDAD Subtemas:
INFRAESTRUCTURA Y CONDICIONES.
032328-23. SE ORDENA A LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOLFITO Y EL MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y TRANSPORTES COORDINAR LO CORRESPONDIENTE, GIRAR LAS ÓRDENES Y TODAS LAS ACTUACIONES PARA QUE EN EL PLAZO DE DOCE MESES SE REALICEN TODAS LAS GESTIONES Y OBRAS PERTINENTES PARA SOLUCIONAR DE FORMA INTEGRAL Y DEFINITIVA EL PROBLEMA DE INUNDACIONES DEL RÍO RINCÓN QUE AFECTA A LA COMUNIDADA DE PUERTO ESCONDIDO PUERTO JIMÉNEZ, GOLFITO. TOME NOTA LA COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE PREVENCIÓN DE RIESGOS Y ATENCIÓN DE EMERGENCIAS QUE EN CASO DE SER REQUERIDO, SE COADYUVE CON LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOLFITO Y EL MOPT EN LA SOLUCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DE INCOMUNICACIÓN E INUNDACIÓN EN ÉPOCA DE LLUVIA DE AL MENOS 25 FAMILIAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE PUERTO ESCONDIDO. RGS01/2024 “(…)Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, únicamente en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Golfito y al Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes. Se ordena a Freiner Lara Blanco en su calidad de Alcalde Municipal de Golfito y a Luis Esteban Amador Jiménez en su calidad de Ministro de Obras Públicas y Transportes o a quienes en su lugar ocupen tales cargos, que coordinen lo correspondiente, giren las órdenes pertinentes y lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que estén dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, dentro del plazo máximo de DOCE MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se realicen todas las gestiones y obras pertinentes para solucionar de manera integral y definitiva el problema de inundaciones del Río Rincón que afecta a la comunidad de Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito.
Se advierte que, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 71, de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo, y no la cumpliere o hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Se condena al Estado y a la Municipalidad de Golfito al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirvieron de base a la presente declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso-administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. Tome nota la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias de lo consignado en el penúltimo Considerando de esta sentencia. Notifíquese.” ... Ver más SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las nueve horas veinte minutos del quince de diciembre de dos mil veintitres .
Recurso de amparo presentado por [Nombre62 001], cédula de identidad número [CED62 ], contra la MUNICIPALIDAD DE GOLFITO y la COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE EMERGENCIAS.
Resultando:
Redacta la Magistrada Fernandez Acuña; y,
Considerando:
El recurrente alega que por nota de 3 de octubre de 2017, pusieron en conocimiento del alcalde y demás representantes locales de la Comisión de Emergencias de Golfito, la situación que viven 22 familias de la comunidad de Puerto Escondido, cuyas casas de habitación quedan totalmente inundadas en época de lluvia -a algunas de ellas les llega el agua hasta el techo- cuando la carretera 245 se inunda y deja a Puerto Escondido incomunicado. Expone que la situación atenta contra la integridad de personas adultas mayores, niños, jóvenes menores de edad y personas con alguna discapacidad, que año con año deben sufrir los embates de la naturaleza. Detalla que la misiva fue presentada ante la Municipalidad de Golfito con 57 firmas. Además, el 26 de enero de 2021, entregaron una segunda misiva a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias con 60 firmas. Acusa que tras 5 años, no han recibido respuesta o solución de ninguna de las instituciones accionadas, tendiente a canalizar el Río Rincón o a construir un dique seco que funcione como muro de contención para que las viviendas no se inunden.
De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque la autoridad recurrida haya omitido referirse a ellos, según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:
Que por el carácter vinculante que la Sala Constitucional les confiere, implementen de inmediato las recomendaciones que los técnicos de la CNE y de las instituciones académicas les han brindado reiteradamente a lo largo de muchos años y que son de su conocimiento, sobre acciones concretas y oportunas para salvaguardar la vida humana en zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente. Quedarán a disposición de las municipalidades en las oficinas de la CNE, los estudios y recomendaciones técnicas que se han girado históricamente en cada caso. Las Auditorías Internas y los Concejos Municipales deberán velar por el acatamiento de estas disposiciones. La desobediencia será considerada incumplimiento de deberes, y deberá ser elevada por las Auditorías Internas al conocimiento de la autoridad correspondiente. (…) d. Comunicar formalmente este Acuerdo a todos los Alcaldes y Alcaldesas, y a la Defensoría de los Habitantes. e. Publicar este Acuerdo y el mapa síntesis de amenazas naturales del país (disponible en la página Web, www.cne.go.cr) en el diario oficial y en un diario de circulación nacional (ver informe de la autoridad recurrida).
De los informes rendidos por las autoridades recurridas los cuales son dados bajo la solemnidad del juramento con las consecuencias legales que ello implica se desprende que en fecha 03 de octubre de 2017 los vecinos de la localidad de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez solicitaron a la Municipalidad de Golfito “la construcción de un dique seco o canalización del Río Rincón”. Se acreditó que en fecha 21 de octubre de 2020 los vecinos de la localidad de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez solicitaron a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias ayuda para el problema de inundaciones generado por el Río Rincón. Quedó probado que en setiembre del 2020 la CNE recibió solicitud de intervención por emergencia no declarada, la cual no se gestionó porque no fue posible demostrar que los daños hayan sido provocados por el evento que se generó en el Río Rincón. Se constató que mediante Acuerdo N°0443 del 30 de noviembre del 2011 de la Junta Directiva de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias tomado en la Sesión Extraordinaria No.10- 11, celebrada el día miércoles 09 de noviembre de 2011 y publicado en la Gaceta N°230 del 30 de noviembre del 2011 denominado: “Recomienda a los alcaldes y alcaldesas que procedan de inmediato al desalojo de los ocupantes de las zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente y demoler las edificaciones ubicadas en ellas” textualmente se indicó: a. Recomendar a todos los Alcaldes y Alcaldesas del país: i. Que conforme a los deberes y atribuciones que la Constitución Política en sus artículos 50 y 169, el Código Municipal, la Ley de Planificación Urbana, la Ley de Construcciones, la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente, el artículo 33 de la Ley Forestal, y normativa conexa, la Ley General de Salud y la amplia jurisprudencia sobre el tema les imponen, procedan de inmediato al desalojo de los ocupantes de las zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente, así como a demoler las edificaciones ubicadas en ellas, y a vigilar que no vuelvan a ser invadidas con asentamientos humanos, aplicando la secuencia procedimental citada en el Considerando IV, que se extrae de la resolución Nº 12485- 2010 de la Sala Constitucional. ii.
Que por el carácter vinculante que la Sala Constitucional les confiere, implementen de inmediato las recomendaciones que los técnicos de la CNE y de las instituciones académicas les han brindado reiteradamente a lo largo de muchos años y que son de su conocimiento, sobre acciones concretas y oportunas para salvaguardar la vida humana en zonas de reconocido riesgo y peligro inminente. Quedarán a disposición de las municipalidades en las oficinas de la CNE, los estudios y recomendaciones técnicas que se han girado históricamente en cada caso. Las Auditorías Internas y los Concejos Municipales deberán velar por el acatamiento de estas disposiciones. La desobediencia será considerada incumplimiento de deberes, y deberá ser elevada por las Auditorías Internas al conocimiento de la autoridad correspondiente. (…) d. Comunicar formalmente este Acuerdo a todos los Alcaldes y Alcaldesas, y a la Defensoría de los Habitantes. e. Publicar este Acuerdo y el mapa síntesis de amenazas naturales del país (disponible en la página Web, www.cne.go.cr) en el diario oficial y en un diario de circulación nacional.
Se verificó que según oficio CNE-UGPR-OF-1799-2023 de fecha 27 de octubre de 2023 suscrito por la Unidad de Gestión de Procesos de Reconstrucción de la CNE: “En noviembre del 2018 para el río Rincón en el sector de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez (2018PI-000535-0006500001 y 2018PI-000566-0006500001) resultó infructuosa dos veces por falta de oferentes y/o incumplimientos de los participantes. Dado que este proceso resultó infructuoso se planteó a la Municipalidad de Golfito la opción de que tramitarán la solicitud utilizando el (Art. 34 inciso i del Reglamento Proveeduría CNE); no obstante, la contratación directa no se pudo llevar a cabo porque la Municipalidad no encontró oferentes que tuvieran el equipo disponible y los plazos para poder contratar se vencieron”. Se constató que el aumento de caudal del río Rincón durante la estación lluviosa producto de los eventos hidrometereológicos sucedido han originado la presencia de inundaciones en el poblado de Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito -siendo el tramo o sección de mayor afectación la comunidad cerca de la Escuela de Puerto Escondido-.
Quedó probado que la rasante de la vía está por encima de los terrenos donde se encuentran las edificaciones tipo vivienda unifamiliar, lo cual causa el fenómeno de acumulación de aguas pluviales provenientes del río Rincón originando que la misma funcione como barrera y afecte directamente a los habitantes. Se evidenció que el Departamento de Ingeniería de Zona 4-3 del MOPT recomienda lo siguiente: “Las obras de mantenimiento y conservación fuera de derecho de la vía, específicamente en la atención de alineamiento y limpieza de cauces de las quebradas y ríos deben ser gestionados por medio de la Municipalidad de Golfito solicitando la atención correspondiente a la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias y a la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT de acuerdo a las competencias que sean asignadas a cada entidad Se evaluará por Ia Gerencia de Conservación de Vías y Puentes la necesidad de realizar actividades de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales en caso de determinarse que son de gran impacto a la población habitante.
No obstante se reitera que, de acuerdo a hechos históricos e inspecciones de campo, el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón”. Se probó que según informe de la CNE la erosión de márgenes en ríos es un proceso que ocurre gradualmente debido a la dinámica natural del caudal, y no a un solo evento de lluvias de mediana magnitud. Finalmente se acreditó que los caminos: Caminos Dirección1772 denominado Dirección1769 – Puerto Escondido, el Dirección1773 denominado (Ent.N.245) Puerto Escondido Poste ICE #894570341440 – Fin del Camino Finca Eusebio Núñez y el 6-07-114 denominado (Ent.C.110) La Palma – Puerto Escondido no presentan afectaciones de gran magnitud. En conclusión, es cierto que desde el año 2017 los vecinos de la localidad de Puerto Escondido de Puerto Jiménez solicitaron a la Municipalidad de Golfito “la construcción de un dique seco o canalización del Río Rincón” y que en el año 2020 solicitaron a la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias ayuda para el problema de inundaciones generado por el Río Rincón.
Por su parte las autoridades de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias afirman que la problemática corresponde a un proceso que viene desde tiempo atrás y que no se trata de efectos de una declaratoria de emergencia; de manera que lo que se requiere son labores de mantenimiento que corresponden al gobierno local o al Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes. De otra parte las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Golfito aseguran que la erosión de márgenes en ríos es un proceso que ocurre gradualmente debido a la dinámica natural del caudal, y no a un solo evento de lluvias de mediana magnitud y que, para realizar el dragado del río se requiere la colaboración de la Comisión Nacional de Emergencias. Finalmente el Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes señala que la ingeniería de la zona apunta que el sitio donde se origina la problemática está fuera del derecho de vía y que corresponde a una ruta cantonal; sin embargo reconocen que la Municipalidad requiere colaboración tanto de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención y Riesgos de Atención de Emergencias como de la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT.
Partiendo de lo anterior el recurso deviene procedente. Si bien es cierto el causante de la afectación es el rio Rincón lo cierto es que las autoridades recurridas tienen la posibilidad de realizar obras de mantenimiento y conservación de sistemas de drenaje específicamente en la limpieza de estructuras de drenaje pluvial, para mejorar la capacidad hidráulica y el desfogue oportuno de las aguas pluviales y de esa forma evitar posibles inundaciones en la época lluviosa. Así las cosas lo procedente es declarar con lugar el recurso en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Golfito y el Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, a fin de garantizar una solución integral dentro de un plazo razonable.
IV.Por otra parte, en relación con la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias, a priori se descarta alguna omisión que amerite ser declarada en esta vía sumaria; sin embargo, deberá tomar nota el presidente de la Comisión Nacional de Prevención del Riesgo y Atención de Emergencias, a fin de que, en caso de ser requerido, dentro del marco de sus competencias se coadyuve con la Municipalidad de Golfito y con la Dirección de Obras Fluviales del MOPT en la solución del problema objeto de este recurso.
Se previene a las partes que de haber aportado algún documento en papel, así como objetos o pruebas contenidas en algún dispositivo adicional de carácter electrónico, informático, magnético, óptico, telemático o producido por nuevas tecnologías, estos deberán ser retirados del despacho en un plazo máximo de 30 días hábiles contados a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia. De lo contrario, será destruido todo aquel material que no sea retirado dentro de este plazo, según lo dispuesto en el "Reglamento sobre Expediente Electrónico ante el Poder Judicial", aprobado por la Corte Plena en sesión N° 27-11 del 22 de agosto del 2011, artículo XXVI y publicado en el Boletín Judicial número 19 del 26 de enero del 2012, así como en el acuerdo aprobado por el Consejo Superior del Poder Judicial, en la sesión N° 43-12 celebrada el 3 de mayo del 2012, artículo LXXXI.
Por tanto:
Se declara parcialmente con lugar el recurso, únicamente en cuanto a la Municipalidad de Golfito y al Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes. Se ordena a Freiner Lara Blanco en su calidad de Alcalde Municipal de Golfito y a Luis Esteban Amador Jiménez en su calidad de Ministro de Obras Públicas y Transportes o a quienes en su lugar ocupen tales cargos, que coordinen lo correspondiente, giren las órdenes pertinentes y lleven a cabo todas las actuaciones que estén dentro del ámbito de sus respectivas competencias para que, dentro del plazo máximo de DOCE MESES, contado a partir de la notificación de esta sentencia, se realicen todas las gestiones y obras pertinentes para solucionar de manera integral y definitiva el problema de inundaciones del Río Rincón que afecta a la comunidad de Puerto Escondido Puerto Jiménez, Golfito. Se advierte que, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 71, de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo, y no la cumpliere o hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado.
Se condena al Estado y a la Municipalidad de Golfito al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios causados con los hechos que sirvieron de base a la presente declaratoria, los que se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo contencioso-administrativo. En lo demás, se declara sin lugar el recurso. Tome nota la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias de lo consignado en el penúltimo Considerando de esta sentencia. Notifíquese.
Nombre152 C.
Presidente a.i Luis Fdo. Salazar A.
Jorge Araya G.
Ingrid Hess H.
Nombre6376 B.
Nombre5272 A.
Alexandra Alvarado P.
Clasificación elaborada por SALA CONSTITUCIONALdel Poder Judicial. Prohibida su reproducción y/o distribución en forma onerosa.
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